CN100472287C - Vertical orientation type liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Vertical orientation type liquid crystal display device Download PDF

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CN100472287C
CN100472287C CNB2006100716638A CN200610071663A CN100472287C CN 100472287 C CN100472287 C CN 100472287C CN B2006100716638 A CNB2006100716638 A CN B2006100716638A CN 200610071663 A CN200610071663 A CN 200610071663A CN 100472287 C CN100472287 C CN 100472287C
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polarizer
optical compensation
liquid crystal
substrate
compensation plate
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CN1841146A (en
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小林君平
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Toppan Inc
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Casio Computer Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to a liquid crystal display element, which comprises: an optical compensates plates at two sides of liquid crystal plate with vertical oriented mode; and a couple of deflecting plates for clamping the optical compensate plates and liquid crystal plate, wherein said optical compensate plate is formed by optical compensate layer; the refractive index Nx, Ny, and Nz of optical compensate layer have following relation that Nx>Ny>Nx; the surface internal phase difference R as (Nx-Ny)d is between 120nm-160nm; and the phase difference Rz at Z-direction as {(Nx+Ny)/2-Nz} is set between 50nm and 300nm.

Description

The liquid crystal display cells of vertical orientating type
Technical field
The present invention relates to the liquid crystal display cells of vertical orientating type, it has the liquid crystal layer that liquid crystal molecule vertically is orientated with respect to substrate between a pair of substrate.
Background technology
In LCD in the past, as liquid crystal display cells, the transmission-type liquid crystal display element that is thrown light in the back side that is arranged on liquid crystal display cells backlight, the liquid crystal display element of semi-transmission type that partly reflector space is set etc. are widely used.Method for alignment with regard to the liquid crystal molecule of these liquid crystal display cells has TN type (twisted nematic mode), homogeneity type (homogeneousalignment mode) etc.In these patterns, the whichever pattern is under the state that does not apply voltage, and liquid crystal molecule is all arranged with the interarea almost parallel ground of crystal liquid substrate, by applying voltage, the long axis direction of molecule is changed to the direction perpendicular to the substrate interarea, liquid crystal layer is changed optically.
In the liquid crystal display cells of the horizontal alignment type of TN type as described above etc., because of grappling (anchoring) effect of horizontal alignment film etc., liquid crystal molecule can not be vertical fully with the substrate interarea when applying voltage.Therefore, the birefringence of the normal direction of substrate interarea can not be 0 when applying voltage, and display quality (contrast) can descend.Therefore, as the method for alignment of realizing high-transmission rate and high-contrast, be orientated with respect to substrate interarea vertical direction not applying under the voltage (birefringence is almost 0), noticeable in vertical orientated (VA (the VerticalAlignment)) pattern that applies horizontal direction ground orientation under the voltage.
In the VA pattern, when liquid crystal layer has been applied electric field, according to make in each pixel region liquid crystal molecule in one direction the mode of overturning be orientated control, although can realize high-contrast as described above, angle of visibility characteristic deficiency.Therefore, in order to improve the angle of visibility characteristic, proposed by the electrode in the pixel region being provided with gap etc. and applying oblique electric field, thereby when between for opposed electrode, having applied voltage, controlled the scheme of orientation according to the mode that makes liquid crystal molecule overturning on a plurality of directions in each pixel region.But, in the liquid crystal display cells of this vertical alignment mode, owing to make the overturning direction of liquid crystal molecule towards multi-direction by applying voltage, so the axle of the polarizing axis of Polarizer and liquid crystal is when the direction vertical with the substrate interarea observed, even be same direction, but can not take out light, transmissivity is low.
In the liquid crystal display cells of such VA pattern, thereby improve the angle of visibility dependence (colo(u)rimetric shift: liquid crystal indicator color shift) of contrast and tone as a plurality of polarizers of configuration, also propose in the vertical alignment-type liquid crystal unit, disposed for visible light and had roughly 1/2 or above 3/4 or the phase separation layer of following phase differential and have anisotropic refraction rate negative on the optics, have the liquid crystal indicator (for example, patent documentation 1) of the phase separation layer that is roughly 0 phase differential for visible light.
[patent documentation 1]
The spy opens the 2003-015134 communique
Disposed the liquid crystal indicator of a plurality of polarizers, although improved contrast and colo(u)rimetric shift, but still insufficient, can not obtain the sufficient transmissivity of liquid crystal display cells, and can not in the scope of enough wide angle of visibility, obtain high-contrast.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is the invention of finishing in view of above-mentioned actual state, and purpose is, realizes the liquid crystal display cells of the vertical alignment mode of transmissivity height and visual field angular width.
To achieve these goals, the liquid crystal display cells of the 1st scheme of the present invention is characterised in that, comprising: a substrate is provided with the 1st electrode;
Another substrate with a described substrate arranged opposite, is provided with by forming the 2nd electrode of pixel region with the zone of described the 1st electrode contraposition with a described opposed face of substrate;
Vertical alignment layer is formed on described the 1st electrode and described the 2nd electrode mutual opposed;
Liquid crystal layer is enclosed between the described substrate, has negative dielectric anisotropy;
A pair of Polarizer is configured in respectively on the outside of mutual opposed opposition side of described and another substrate; And
Two optical compensating layers are configured in respectively between described a pair of substrate and the described a pair of Polarizer, the visible light that sees through are given the phase differential of 1/4 the value in fact of its wavelength X.
In this liquid crystal display cells, preferably two optical compensating layers are made of the 1st optical compensation plate respectively, this optical compensation plate is Nx in the 1st axial refractive index with the main surface parallel of described a pair of substrate, with the main surface parallel of described substrate and the 2nd axial refractive index vertical with described the 1st direction of principal axis is Ny, when the 3rd axial refractive index vertical with the interarea of described substrate is Nz, Nx, the value of Ny and Nz has Nx〉Ny the relation of Nz, and with the plane of the main surface parallel of described substrate in face in phase differential have 1/4 the value of visible wavelength λ.
In addition, preferred described each optical compensating layer is made of the 1st optical compensation plate respectively, this optical compensation plate is Nx in the 1st axial refractive index with the main surface parallel of a pair of substrate, with the main surface parallel of described substrate and the 2nd axial refractive index vertical with described the 1st direction of principal axis is Ny, the 3rd axial refractive index vertical with the interarea of described substrate is Nz, when the thickness of described optical compensating layer is d, Nx, the value of Ny and Nz has Nx〉Ny〉relation of Nz, the value of phase differential R is set in the scope of 120nm to 160nm in the face of representing with (Nx-Ny) d, and with (Nx+Ny)/value of the phase differential Rz of the Z direction that 2-Nz} represents is set in the scope of 50nm to 300nm.
In this case, preferably: two the 1st optical compensation plates be configured to make with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the face of direction of refractive index maximum in the face of the direction of phase delay axle or refractive index minimum the leading axle of phase place mutually orthogonal,
A pair of Polarizer is configured to make its optic axis mutually orthogonal, and the leading axle of phase place becomes 35 ° to 55 ° angular cross in described interior phase delay axle of the polarizing axis of any Polarizer and adjacent described optical compensation plate or the face.
And, preferably: between the Polarizer that disposes in two the 1st optical compensation plates and the outside separately of the configuration of the two sides in a pair of substrate outside, also disposed polarizer respectively, the value of the Nx of this polarizer, Ny and Nz has Nx〉relation of Ny ≈ Nz, and with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in phase differential R have the value of 240nm to 300nm scope.
In this case, preferably: the optic axis of a pair of Polarizer is mutually orthogonal,
Two the 1st optical compensation plates that dispose on the two sides in a pair of substrate outside, be configured to respectively to make with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the face separately of direction of refractive index maximum in the face separately of the direction of phase delay axle or refractive index minimum the leading axle of phase place mutually orthogonal, and the direction configuration that described the 1st optical compensation plate intersects towards the scope that becomes 5 ° to 25 ° or 65 ° to 85 ° with adjacent Polarizer
Two polarizers in the arranged outside of described two the 1st optical compensation plates, be configured to make with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the leading axle of phase place separately of direction of the phase delay axle separately of direction of refractive index maximum or refractive index minimum mutually orthogonal, and described polarizer towards with the face of adjacent the 1st optical compensation plate in the leading axle of phase place becomes 50 ° to 70 ° scope to intersect in phase delay axle or the face direction dispose.
And, preferably: except described polarizer, between a pair of Polarizer, also disposed another the 2nd optical compensation plate, the value of the Nx of this optical compensation plate, Ny and Nz has Nx〉Ny〉relation of Nz, in case (Nx+Ny)/and the value of the phase differential Rz of the Z direction that 2-Nz} represents is set in the scope of 50nm to 300nm.
In this case, preferably: the optic axis of a pair of Polarizer is mutually orthogonal,
Described the 2nd optical compensation plate is configured in two polarizers respectively and separately between the Polarizer of arranged outside, and be configured to make the interior phase delay axle of face of these the 2nd optical compensation plates or the leading axle of the interior phase place of face to be parallel to each other or quadrature, and the parallel or quadrature of optic axis with adjacent Polarizer
Two the 1st optical compensation plates that dispose on the two sides in a pair of substrate outside, be configured to make with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the face separately of direction of refractive index maximum in the face separately of the direction of phase delay axle or refractive index minimum the leading axle of phase place mutually orthogonal, and the direction configuration that described the 1st optical compensation plate intersects towards the scope that becomes 5 ° to 25 ° or 65 ° to 85 ° with the optic axis of adjacent Polarizer
Two polarizers in the arranged outside of described two the 1st optical compensation plates, be configured to make with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the leading axle of phase place separately of direction of the phase delay axle separately of direction of refractive index maximum or refractive index minimum mutually orthogonal, and described polarizer towards with the face of adjacent the 1st optical compensation plate in the leading axle of phase place becomes 50 ° to 70 ° scope to intersect in phase delay axle or the face direction dispose.
And, under the situation that possesses two optical compensation plates and polarizer, the preferred liquid crystal board that uses Transflective, this liquid crystal board has also formed a part of corresponding reflectance coating with any electrode of described the 1st electrode and the 2nd electrode, in a pixel region that forms by zone, transmission viewing area and reflective display region territory that the light that sees through opposed a pair of substrate is controlled have been formed to controlling by the light of described reflectance coating reflection with these electrode contrapositions.
Two sides in the outside of described a pair of substrate has disposed in the liquid crystal display cells of described optical compensation plate, be more preferably: between a pair of Polarizer, two slice 2nd optical compensation plates different have also been disposed with described the 1st optical compensation plate, the value of the Nx of this optical compensation plate, Ny and Nz has Nx〉Ny〉relation of Nz, in case (Nx+Ny)/and the value of the phase differential Rz of the Z direction that 2-Nz} represents is set in the scope of 50nm to 300nm.
In this case, preferably: the optic axis of a pair of Polarizer is mutually orthogonal,
Two the 1st optical compensation plates that dispose on the two sides in a pair of substrate outside, be configured to make with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the face separately of direction of refractive index maximum in the face separately of the direction of phase delay axle or refractive index minimum the leading axle of phase place mutually orthogonal, and described the 1st optical compensation plate is towards the direction configuration that becomes 35 ° to 55 ° scope to intersect with the optic axis of adjacent Polarizer
Respectively at two the 2nd optical compensation plates of the arranged outside of described two the 1st optical compensation plates, be configured to make with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the face separately of direction of refractive index maximum in the face separately of the direction of phase delay axle or refractive index minimum the leading axle of phase place be parallel to each other or quadrature, and with the parallel or quadrature of optic axis of adjacent Polarizer.
In liquid crystal display cells of the present invention, preferably: between a Polarizer of the face in one the outside of a pair of substrate and described a pair of Polarizer, disposed the 1st optical compensation plate, the Nx of the 1st optical compensation plate, the value of Ny and Nz has Nx〉Ny〉relation of Nz, and has 1/4 the value of visible wavelength λ with phase differential in the plane of the main surface parallel of described substrate, between another the face in the outside and another Polarizer of described a pair of Polarizer of described a pair of substrate, disposed polarizer, the Nx of this polarizer, the value of Ny and Nz has Nx〉relation of Ny ≈ Nz, and with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in face in phase differential R have the value of the scope of 120nm to 160nm.
In this case, preferably: described the 1st optical compensation plate and polarizer, be configured to make with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the face separately of direction of refractive index maximum in the face separately of the direction of phase delay axle or refractive index minimum the leading axle of phase place mutually orthogonal
A pair of Polarizer is configured to make its optic axis mutually orthogonal, and in the face of the optic axis that makes Polarizer separately and adjacent described the 1st optical compensation plate and polarizer in phase delay axle or the face the leading axle of phase place becomes 35 ° to 55 ° directions of intersecting to dispose.
And, preferably: between a pair of Polarizer, also disposed another 2nd optical compensation plate different with described the 1st optical compensation plate, Nx, the Ny of this another the 2nd optical compensation plate and the value of Nz have Nx〉Ny〉relation of Nz, in case (Nx+Ny)/and the value of the phase differential Rz of the Z direction that 2-Nz} represents is set in the scope of 50nm to 300nm.
In this case, preferably: described the 2nd optical compensation plate, be configured in respectively between described the 1st optical compensation plate and the Polarizer and between polarizer and another Polarizer, and with the parallel or quadrature of optic axis of adjacent Polarizer,
Described the 1st optical compensation plate and polarizer, be configured to make with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the face separately of direction of refractive index maximum in the face separately of the direction of phase delay axle or refractive index minimum the leading axle of phase place mutually orthogonal,
A pair of Polarizer is configured to make its optic axis mutually orthogonal, and in the face of the polarizing axis that makes Polarizer separately and adjacent described the 1st optical compensation plate and polarizer in phase delay axle or the face the leading axle of phase place becomes 35 ° to 55 ° directions of intersecting to dispose.
And, in these liquid crystal display cells, can also be provided with by applying described electric field, make the parts of the liquid crystal aligning that constitutes described liquid crystal layer according to the mode that makes sensing towards a plurality of directions.
In addition, the liquid crystal display cells of the 2nd scheme of the present invention is characterised in that, comprising:
A substrate is provided with the 1st transparent electrode;
Another substrate with a described substrate arranged opposite, is provided with the 2nd transparent electrode that is formed for carrying out the pixel region that transmission-type shows by the zone with described the 1st electrode contraposition with a described opposed face of substrate;
Vertical alignment layer is formed on described the 1st electrode and described the 2nd electrode mutual opposed;
Liquid crystal layer is enclosed between the described substrate, has negative dielectric anisotropy;
A pair of Polarizer is configured in respectively on the outside of mutual opposed opposition side of described and another substrate;
Two the 1st optical compensation plates, be configured in respectively between described a pair of substrate and the described a pair of Polarizer, in the 1st axial refractive index with the main surface parallel of described a pair of substrate is Nx, with the main surface parallel of described substrate and the 2nd axial refractive index vertical with described the 1st direction of principal axis is Ny, and the 3rd axial refractive index vertical with the interarea of described substrate is when being Nz, the value of Nx, Ny and Nz has Nx〉Ny〉relation of Nz, and transmitted light is given the phase differential of 1/4 value of wavelength X; And
Two the 2nd optical compensation plates are configured in respectively between the Polarizer of described two the 1st optical compensation plates and the configuration of the outside separately, the value of Nx, Ny and Nz has Nx respectively〉Ny〉relation of Nz, and the axis of homology quadrature of the direction that makes phase delay axle in the face of refractive index maximum in the plane with the main surface parallel of described substrate and adjacent Polarizer or parallel.
In this liquid crystal display cells, preferably: the optic axis of described a pair of Polarizer is mutually orthogonal,
Two described the 1st optical compensation plates, be configured to make plane phase differential in the plane with the main surface parallel of substrate to have 1/4 the value of visible wavelength λ, and make with the plane of the main surface parallel of described substrate in the direction of phase delay axle and the axis of homology angle at 45 in fact of adjacent Polarizer in the face of refractive index maximum.
In addition, the liquid crystal display cells of the 3rd scheme of the present invention is characterised in that, comprising:
A substrate is provided with the 1st transparent electrode;
Another substrate, with opposed of a described substrate on be provided with the opposed reflectance coating of the part of described the 1st electrode and be configured in the zone that comprises this reflectance coating, by forming the 2nd electrode respectively by the pixel region that constitutes with the corresponding reflective display region territory of described reflectance coating and this reflection regional transmission in addition with the zone of described the 1st electrode contraposition;
Vertical alignment layer is formed on described the 1st electrode and described the 2nd electrode mutual opposed;
Liquid crystal layer, be enclosed between the described substrate, has negative dielectric anisotropy, give 1/2 phase differential in fact with this light wavelength to the light of the transmission viewing area that sees through described pixel region, and the layer thickness corresponding with the reflector space of described pixel region has 1/2 the layer thickness in fact with the corresponding layer thickness in transmission viewing area;
A pair of Polarizer is configured in respectively on the outside of mutual opposed opposition side of described and another substrate;
Two the 1st optical compensation plates, be configured in respectively between described a pair of substrate and the described a pair of Polarizer, in the 1st axial refractive index with the main surface parallel of described a pair of substrate is Nx, be Ny with the main surface parallel of described substrate and the 2nd axial refractive index vertical with described the 1st direction of principal axis, and the 3rd axial refractive index vertical with the interarea of described substrate be when being Nz, and the value of Nx, Ny and Nz has Nx〉Ny〉relation of Nz; And
Two polarizers, be configured in respectively between the Polarizer of described two the 1st optical compensation plates and the outside separately configuration, make the 1st mutually adjacent optical compensation plate and polarizer separately with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in refractive index present peaked interior phase delay axle mutually in fact towards 45 °, the value of Nx, Ny and Nz has Nx〉relation of Ny ≈ Nz, and the synthetic value of phase differential has the value of phase differential in 1/4 the face that is essentially the transmitted light wavelength in optical compensation plate that will be adjacent mutually and the polarizer face separately.
In this liquid crystal display cells, preferably: the optic axis of a pair of Polarizer is mutually orthogonal,
Two the 1st optical compensation plates of the two sides in the outside of a pair of substrate configuration be configured to respectively to make with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the face separately of direction of refractive index maximum the phase delay axle mutually orthogonal, and the direction configuration that described the 1st optical compensation plate intersects towards the scope that becomes 5 ° to 25 ° or 65 ° to 85 ° with the axis of homology of adjacent Polarizer
At two polarizers of the arranged outside of described two the 1st optical compensation plates, be configured to make with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the face separately of direction of refractive index maximum the phase delay axle mutually orthogonal.
According to the liquid crystal display cells of the 1st scheme of the present invention,, two optical compensating layers of phase differential that the visible light that sees through given 1/4 the value in fact of its wavelength X have been disposed, so transmissivity improves in the both sides of the liquid crystal cells of vertical orientating type.
And, as optical compensating layer, used refractive index Nx, the value of Ny and Nz has Nx〉Ny〉relation of Nz, and the optical compensation plate that has 1/4 the value of visible wavelength λ with phase differential in the plane of the main surface parallel of described substrate, or used Nx, the value of Ny and Nz has Nx〉Ny〉relation of Nz, and the value of phase differential R is set in 120nm to the 160nm scope in the face of representing with (Nx-Ny) d, with (Nx+Ny)/value of the phase differential Rz of the Z direction that 2-Nz} represents is set in the optical compensation plate in the scope of 50nm to 300nm, so incide liquid crystal cells after the light that incides liquid crystal display cells can being transformed to substantial rotatory polarization, improve transmissivity.
In addition, owing to described optical compensating layer is configured in the both sides of liquid crystal cells, so can be with polarisation is in line and incides liquid crystal cells after the light of polarisation is transformed to rotatory polarization by Polarizer, and the polarisation that will see through liquid crystal cells is transformed to substantial linear polarization once more and incides the Polarizer of emitting side, can realize the also wide liquid crystal display cells of scope of transmissivity height and angle of visibility.
In the liquid crystal display cells of the both sides that described optical compensation plate are configured in liquid crystal cells, by between the Polarizer of described optical compensation plate and the configuration of the outside separately, also disposing Nx respectively, the value of Ny and Nz has Nx〉relation of Ny ≈ Nz, and with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the substantial single shaft polarizer of phase differential R with value of 240nm to 300nm scope, can realize the transmissivity height, and the scope of angle of visibility is also wide, and the reflection demonstration of color shift and the liquid crystal display cells that transmission shows the Transflective of these two kinds of demonstrations can have been reduced.
In addition, at the liquid crystal display cells of the both sides that described optical compensation plate are configured in liquid crystal cells or described optical compensation plate and polarizer are configured in respectively in the liquid crystal display cells of both sides of liquid crystal cells, have Nx by also having disposed〉Ny〉relation of Nz, and with (Nx+Ny)/value of the phase differential Rz of the Z direction that 2-Nz} represents is set in another optical compensation plate in the scope of 50nm to 300nm, can make the value of phase differential Rz of Z direction very big, can make the non-constant width of scope of angle of visibility.
In the present invention, by the described optical compensation plate of configuration on the face of a side of liquid crystal board, configuration has a Nx on the face of opposite side〉relation of Ny ≈ Nz, and the single shaft polarizer that phase differential R has the value of 120nm to 160nm scope in the face also can obtain to have in contrast height and the practicality liquid crystal display cells of enough wide angle of visibility.
In this case, also the value of the phase differential Rz of Z direction is set in another optical compensation plate in 50nm to the 300nm scope, can makes the value of phase differential Rz of Z direction very big by configuration, thus the scope at the angle of can further broadening one's vision.
In addition, liquid crystal display cells according to the 2nd scheme of the present invention, both sides at the liquid crystal board that carries out the vertical orientating type that transmission shows, disposed and given two the 1st optical compensation plates that the twin shaft polarizer of phase differential of 1/4 value of wavelength X constitutes transmitted light, and the axis of homology quadrature of the direction that makes phase delay axle in the face and adjacent Polarizer or two the 2nd optical compensation plates of parallel twin shaft polarizer formation have been disposed in its outside, so these are the adjacent the 1st years old, the phase differential of the Z-direction of the 2nd optical compensation plate is added, can have big phase differential on Z-direction, the angle of visibility characteristic is greatly improved.
And, liquid crystal display cells according to the 3rd scheme of the present invention, transmission shows and the both sides of the liquid crystal board of the vertical orientating type that reflection shows carrying out, configuration is by the single shaft polarizer of phase delay axle cross-over configuration at 45 in twin shaft polarizer optical compensation plate that constitutes and the face that makes phase delay axle and described twin shaft polarizer, and make the value that phase differential in adjacent mutually optical compensation plate and the polarizer face is separately synthesized be essentially 1/4 of transmitted light wavelength, so these optical compensation plates and polarizer work as wide band λ/4 plates, the contrast height, and have enough wide angle of visibility in the practicality, and the angle of visibility dependence of tone improves.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the figure of structure of the liquid crystal display cells of expression embodiments of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 A～Fig. 2 C is the figure that is used to illustrate the influence that the jut that is formed on the alignment films produces the orientation of liquid crystal molecule, Fig. 2 A is the figure during from the orientation that substrate side surfaces is observed the liquid crystal when not applying electric field, Fig. 2 B is the figure during from the orientation that substrate side surfaces is observed the liquid crystal when applying electric field, and Fig. 2 C is the figure during from the orientation that the substrate front side direction is observed the liquid crystal when applying electric field.
Fig. 3 is the figure of configuration of optic axis that is used to illustrate each optical element of embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 A, Fig. 4 B represent the contrast distribution for the angle of visibility of liquid crystal display cells, and Fig. 4 A is the angle of visibility performance plot of embodiment 1, and Fig. 4 B is the angle of visibility performance plot of comparative example.
Fig. 5 is the figure of structure of the liquid crystal display cells of expression embodiments of the present invention 2.
Fig. 6 is the figure of configuration of optic axis that is used to illustrate each optical element of embodiments of the present invention 2.
Fig. 7 is the figure of configuration of optic axis that is used to illustrate each optical element of embodiments of the present invention 3.
Fig. 8 is the figure of configuration of optic axis that is used to illustrate each optical element of embodiments of the present invention 4.
Fig. 9 is the figure of structure of the liquid crystal display cells of expression embodiments of the present invention 5.
Figure 10 is the figure of configuration of optic axis that is used to illustrate each optical element of embodiments of the present invention 5.
Figure 11 is the angle of visibility performance plot for the contrast distribution of angle of visibility of the liquid crystal display cells of expression embodiment 5.
Figure 12 is the figure of structure of the liquid crystal display cells of expression embodiments of the present invention 6.
Figure 13 is the figure of configuration of optic axis that is used to illustrate each optical element of embodiments of the present invention 6.
Figure 14 is the figure of structure of the variation of expression optical compensation plate.
Embodiment
(embodiment 1)
The liquid crystal display cells of present embodiment as shown in Figure 1, comprising: a pair of substrate 1,2; The pixel electrode 3 and the opposite electrode 4 that form at the mutual opposed inner face of each substrate; Be formed on the lip- deep alignment films 5,6 of these electrodes; The liquid crystal board 70 that constitutes by the liquid crystal layer 7 that is enclosed between described a pair of substrate; The a pair of Polarizer 8,9 that disposes in the mode that inserts and puts these substrates in described a pair of substrate 1,2 outside separately of this liquid crystal board 70; Be configured in two optical compensating layers 12,13 between the described a pair of Polarizer 8,9 of both sides of described liquid crystal board 70 respectively; And be used for encapsulant 21 that described a pair of substrate 1,2 is engaged.
Substrate 1,2 for example is the transparency carrier that is made of glass etc., inserts and puts liquid crystal layer 7 and arranged opposite.
Pixel electrode 3 and opposite electrode 4 are by the transparency electrode of formations such as the ITO that is principal ingredient (Indium Tin Oxide) film with the tin indium oxide, are respectively formed on the opposed inner face of substrate 1,2.This liquid crystal display cells is made of active matrix liquid crystal display element, on pixel electrode 3, connect active component 3a respectively, opposite electrode 4 is formed by the nesa coating that covers viewing area integral body, and described pixel electrode 3 is by forming a pixel with described opposite electrode 4 opposed zones.
Have again, this liquid crystal display cells is not limited to active array type, for example, under the situation of passive matrix, a plurality of pixel electrodes 3 are extended on the 1st direction in parallel to each other as signal electrode, a plurality of opposite electrodes 4 as scan electrode with the 2nd direction of described signal electrode 3 quadratures on extend and form.
Alignment films 5,6 is made of the polymeric membrane of HMDO etc., forms in the mode that covers pixel electrode 3 and opposite electrode 4.Alignment films the 5, the 6th, the vertical alignment layer with near the vertical orientated orientation limitations power of liquid crystal molecule 7a the alignment films that makes liquid crystal layer 7.
In addition, as representing the part corresponding with the sectional view that amplifies among Fig. 2 A with a pixel of liquid crystal display cells, central portion at each pixel region of alignment films 5, formed small projection 6a, change state of orientation when apply voltage between described pixel electrode 3 and opposite electrode 4 and so that during the liquid crystal molecule overturning, this small projection 6a is used to obtain the orientation stability of each regional liquid crystal molecule of each pixel region.
Liquid crystal layer 7 is made of the liquid crystal material that presents negative dielectric anisotropy, is enclosed in the zone that is made of substrate 1 and substrate 2 and encapsulant 21.
When this liquid crystal layer 7 does not apply voltage between opposed electrode (when nothing applies voltage), by the orientation limitations power of alignment films 5,6, liquid crystal molecule 7a vertically is orientated with the interarea of two substrates as shown in Figure 1.When applying electric field, because negative dielectric anisotropy, liquid crystal molecule is to carry out the such action of overturning with the mode of the main surface parallel of described two substrates, and when having applied enough big voltage, the interarea of liquid crystal molecule and described two substrates is orientated in fact abreast.
In this case, as Fig. 2 A of part of projection 6a that expression has schematically formed a pixel, near the projection 6a that the central portion of each pixel region of alignment films 6 forms liquid crystal molecule 7a, for the Surface Vertical ground with projection 6a is orientated, the liquid crystal molecule around this projection can and be orientated towards the inclination of pixel central authorities.Near the tilted alignment of the liquid crystal molecule the central authorities of this pixel is to the orientation tendency of the generation of the liquid crystal molecule 7a in the pixel towards the overturning of pixel central authorities.Therefore, when applying voltage between pixel electrode 3 and opposite electrode 4, as Fig. 2 B with Fig. 2 C of this Fig. 2 B of plan representation, the liquid crystal molecule in the pixel region is that the center makes molecular long axis turn to into radial and overturning is orientated with projection 6a.Thus, in a pixel, can obtain the sensing (director) of liquid crystal molecule towards omnidirectional state of orientation.
As described above, be arranged on as described projection 6a under the situation of each pixel region, can obtain in each pixel region with described projection 6a is a state of orientation at center.In addition, also can in an electrode that forms pixel region, be provided with described pixel region is divided into a plurality of slit (slit), substantial middle in the zone of being cut apart by this slit forms described projection 6a, in this case, to obtain with described projection 6a be the radial state of orientation at center a pixel region being divided in each a plurality of cut zone, forms a plurality of farmlands (domain) in a pixel region.
In addition, liquid crystal layer 7 is according to birefraction Δ n (the unusual optical index n of liquid crystal e-normal optical refractive index n 0) and the long-pending of gap (thickness of liquid crystal layer 7) d for example constitute for the mode of Δ nd ≈ 350nm ± 100nm (value of Δ nd is in the scope of 250nm～450nm), liquid crystal layer 7 is when nothing applies voltage, and liquid crystal molecule is basic vertical orientated the samely with the interarea of substrate 1,2.
Insert and put described liquid crystal board 70 and be configured in the Polarizer 8 and 9 of its both sides, be configured in respectively as shown in Figure 1 on the outside of substrate 1,2, and, as shown in Figure 3, be configured to make optic axis 8a, 9a mutually orthogonal (crossed nicols (crossed nichol)) such as the mutual axis of homology or absorption axes.
Be configured in described two optical compensating layers 12 of the both sides of described liquid crystal board 70,13 are made of optical compensation plate, this optical compensation plate is formed by the resin of the little norborene class of the wavelength dependency of refractive index, in the 1st axial refractive index with the main surface parallel of described a pair of substrate is Nx, with the main surface parallel of described substrate and the 2nd axial refractive index vertical with described the 1st direction of principal axis is Ny, the refractive index of 3rd direction of principal axis (film thickness direction) vertical with the interarea of described substrate is Nz, when the thickness of described optical compensating layer is d, the refractive index Nx of three mutually orthogonal directions, the value of Ny and Nz has Nx〉Ny〉relation of Nz, the value of phase differential R is set in the scope of 120nm to 160nm in the face of representing with (Nx-Ny) d, be more preferably 140nm, and with (Nx+Ny)/value of the phase differential Rz of the Z direction that 2-Nz} represents is set in the scope of 50nm to 300nm.
Promptly, between the described a pair of Polarizer 8 and Polarizer 9 of the both sides of described liquid crystal board 70, disposed the 3rd axial refractive index Nz twin shaft polarizer littler of the thickness direction vertical with the interarea of substrate than the value of other two axial refractive indexes, the value of phase differential R is set to roughly 1/4 the phase differential of the middle wavelength of visible frequency band in fact in the face of this twin shaft polarizer, and the value of the phase differential Rz of Z direction is set to the value that the phase differential to the described liquid crystal layer 7 that changes to the light of described liquid crystal board along with oblique incidence compensates.
And, as shown in Figure 3, described two optical compensation plates 12,13 are configured to make phase delay axle 12a in the face of the direction of refractive index maximum on the face parallel with its plate face, 13a, or with face in phase delay axle 12a, the leading axle of phase place is mutually orthogonal in the face of the direction of the refractive index minimum of 13a quadrature, and makes the interior phase delay axle 12a of face separately, in 13a or the face the leading axle of phase place with by adjacent Polarizer 8,9 axis of homology 8a, 9a, or the polarizing axis that absorption axes constitutes becomes 35 ° to 55 ° scope, in fact 45 ° promptly with 45 ° be the center ± angular cross of 10 ° permissible range (45 ° ± 10 °).
Below, relevant action with liquid crystal indicator of said structure is described.
Liquid crystal display cells shown in Figure 1, under the state that does not apply voltage between pixel electrode 3 and the opposite electrode 4 (nothing applies voltage status), between pixel electrode 3 and opposite electrode 4, do not produce electric field, liquid crystal molecule 7a in the liquid crystal layer 7 as Fig. 1 schematically shown in like that, vertically be orientated with the interarea of substrate 1,2.Therefore, seen through linear polarization with the Polarizer 9 of the inboard of observing the side opposition side, be transformed to rotatory polarization and incide the liquid crystal layer 7 of liquid crystal board 70 by the optical compensation plate 13 of inboard, rotatory polarization is not subjected to the optical effect of the vertical orientated liquid crystal layer of liquid crystal molecule 7a 7 and former state sees through, turn back to original linear polarization once more by the optical compensation plate 12 of observing side, incide the Polarizer 8 of the observation side that disposes on the crossed nicols, as linear polarization, and absorb and become black (secretly) demonstration by the Polarizer 8 of observing side with plane of polarisation parallel with its absorption axes.
On the other hand, when between pixel electrode 3 and opposite electrode 4, applying the corresponding voltage of video data with pixel (applying voltage status), between these electrodes, produce electric field.Liquid crystal molecule 7a tilts according to electric field intensity, the liquid crystal molecule 7a in the liquid crystal layer 7 from and substrate interarea ( substrate 1 and 2 interarea) vertically orientation vertical orientated state to and the state of the horizontal alignment of substrate main surface parallel ground orientation between its state of orientation of change.
When liquid crystal layer 7 was applied sufficiently high electric field, liquid crystal molecule 7a was parallel in fact with the substrate interarea, and was center and orientation radially with the projection 6a of pixel central authorities.Seen through the linear polarization of the Polarizer 9 of the inboard that is positioned at downside on the drawing, because phase differential has the phase differential of 1/4 the value of visible wavelength λ in fact in the face of inboard optical compensation plate 13, and the leading axle of phase delay axle 13a or the phase place angular cross at 45 in fact with the axis of homology 9a of described Polarizer 9 in this face is so be transformed to the rotatory polarization that rotates to a sense of rotation and incide liquid crystal layer 7.
Incide the linear polarization of liquid crystal layer 7,, and incide the optical compensation plate 12 of observing side because of the phase differential of substantial λ/2 of liquid crystal layer 7 is transformed to and a described mutually despun rotatory polarization of direction.The optical compensation plate 12 of observing side is also set the phase differential that phase differential in its face has 1/4 the value of visible wavelength λ in fact for, and the phase delay axle 12a of the leading axle of its phase delay axle 12a or phase place and the optical compensation plate 13 of inboard, or the leading axle of phase place quadrature, so incide the direction rotatory polarization on every side of the optical compensation plate 12 of observing side, be transformed to and have with the linear polarization of the plane of polarisation of the plane of polarisation quadrature of the linear polarization that has seen through inboard Polarizer 9 and incide the Polarizer 8 of observing side, the axis of homology 8a of the Polarizer 8 of this observation side is configured to the axis of homology 9a quadrature with inboard Polarizer 9, see through the Polarizer 8 of observing side so seen through the linear polarization of described optical compensation plate 12, become white and show (bright).Transmitted intensity I in this case is that λ, mean intensity are I in light wavelength 0In time, represented with following formula.
(formula 1)
I＝I 0sin 2(πΔnd/λ)
As with shown in this formula 1 like that, transmitted intensity I not with the azimuth angle theta of the sensing of liquid crystal molecule as parameter, so, obtain high-transmission rate for the region-wide transmitted light equably of each pixel.
On the contrary, in optical compensation plate 12,13, do not have under the situation of phase differential in the face, when transmitted intensity I is made as θ in the angle that liquid crystal points to and polarizing axis 8a, 9a form of observing from the normal direction of substrate interarea, represent with following formula.
(formula 2)
I＝I 0sin 2(πΔnd/λ)sin 2(2θ)
In formula 2, transmitted intensity I obtains maximum transmission rate during in θ=± 45 °, I=0 during in θ=0 °.When liquid crystal layer 7 is applied electric field, under the situation of the liquid crystal display cells that liquid crystal molecule 7a is orientated in each pixel radially, become transmissivity I=0 to the zone of the liquid crystal molecule 7a of same direction (θ=0 °) overturning in fact with optic axis 8a, the 9a of Polarizer 8 and 9, observe from the normal direction of substrate interarea, produce dark portion in each pixel radially, transmissivity is low.
In addition, the phase differential in the liquid crystal layer 7 of the direction that the tilted direction when nothing applies voltage tilts is n at the unusual optical index of liquid crystal layer 7 e, the normal optical refractive index of liquid crystal is n 0, when the angle of substrate surface level inclination is φ, represent with following formula simply from the substrate normal direction.
(formula 3)
Δnd (φ)＝{n en 0/(n e 2cos 2φ+n 0 2sin 2φ) -1/2-n 0}×(d/cosφ)
As this formula 3, big more from the substrate normal direction to the angle φ that the substrate surface level tilts, described Δ nd (φ)Value also big more.
On the other hand, the thickness direction of optical compensating layer 12,13 delay Rz when the thickness of optical compensating layer 12,13 is d, represent with following formula.
(formula 4)
Rz＝{(Nx+Ny)/2-Nz}×d
Therefore, the value of the phase differential Rz of the Z direction of setting optical compensating layer 12,13 is set the increase part of counteracting from the phase differential of the substrate normal direction of the predetermined angular φ of substrate normal inclination for.In the present embodiment, the value of the phase differential Rz of the Z direction of optical compensating layer 12,13 is set in the scope of 50～300nm, by these optical compensating layers 12,13, then the contrast when the direction that tilts with respect to the substrate normal direction is observed and the variation of brightness tail off, the expanded range of angle of visibility, and the counter-rotating of the tone that causes of angle of visibility φ is compensated.
As described above, the liquid crystal display cells of present embodiment, to have Nx〉Ny〉optical compensating layer 12 of relation of Nz, the value of phase differential R is set at λ/4 in fact in 13 the face, so do not have between pixel electrode 3 and opposite electrode 4, to apply in the display pixel that becomes problem when voltage carries out the white demonstration and produce dark portion, thereby acquisition high-transmission rate, in addition, the liquid crystal display cells of present embodiment is with optical compensating layer 12, the value of the phase differential Rz of 13 Z direction is set in the scope of 50nm to 300nm, so can widen the scope of angle of visibility, and can suppress the counter-rotating of tone.
Expression has the angle of visibility and the contrast distribution of liquid crystal display cells of the present embodiment of optical compensating layer among Fig. 4 A, and expression is as the contrast distribution for the angle (angle of visibility) of the direction of observation of relative substrate normal direction in the liquid crystal display cells of the comparative example that does not have optical compensating layer among Fig. 4 B.Such as shown, in the comparative example that does not have optical compensating layer 12,13, contrast be zone more than 10 as with shown in the solid line, about 30 °～40 ° scope, the scope of angle of visibility is very narrow.On the contrary, under the situation of the liquid crystal display cells of the present embodiment that is provided with optical compensating layer 12,13, contrast is the zone more than 10, as be extended to 160 ° of scopes shown in the solid line like that up and down.
As described above, liquid crystal display cells according to present embodiment, adopt VA (Vertical Alignment)) pattern, and be provided with the liquid crystal board that projection 6a makes liquid crystal molecule 7a be orientated radially from these pixel central authorities by being arranged on pixel central authorities, and Nx is set in its both sides, the value of Ny and Nz has Nx〉Ny〉relation of Nz, and with described substrate 1, phase differential in the plane of 2 main surface parallel has the optical compensation plate 12 of 1/4 the value of visible wavelength λ, 13, thereby can carry out the demonstration of high-transmission rate and high-contrast, in addition, the value of phase differential Rz by adopting the Z direction is the optical compensation plate 12 of 50nm to 300nm scope, 13, can carry out the demonstration of wide angle of visibility.
(embodiment 2)
In above-mentioned embodiment 1, show the liquid crystal display cells that disposes a slice optical compensation plate 12,13 respectively in the both sides of liquid crystal board 70, but as shown in Figure 5, append another different optical compensation plate 14,15 of configuration a slice and described optical compensation plate 12,13 respectively in the both sides of liquid crystal board 70 more separately, also can realize purpose of the present invention.Like this, by at two another optical compensation plates 14,15 of the both sides of liquid crystal board 70 configuration, can make the value of phase differential Rz of Z direction enough big, can compensate the view angle dependency of contrast fully.The structure of the liquid crystal display cells of the 2nd embodiment, in the liquid crystal display cells of Fig. 1, disposed another optical compensating layer 14,15 except also appending respectively in the both sides of liquid crystal board 70, identical with above-mentioned the 1st embodiment, so additional phase label together on identical member, and omit explanation.
The liquid crystal display cells of this embodiment as shown in Figure 5, comprising: liquid crystal board 70; Be configured in the 1st optical compensating layer 12 of the observation side of this liquid crystal board 70; And, in addition, comprising again at the 2nd optical compensation plate 14 of observing the side configuration: with the 1st optical compensation plate 13 of the observation side opposition side configuration of described liquid crystal board 70; And the 2nd optical compensation plate 15 that disposes in the inboard again.
The 2nd optical compensating layer the 14, the 15th, the value of refractive index Nx, Ny and Nz has Nx〉Ny〉relation of Nz, the value of the phase differential Rz of Z direction is set in the optical compensation plate 14,15 in the scope of 50nm to 300nm, phase differential R can not have yet in the face, and its value is arbitrarily.
Promptly, observation side at liquid crystal board 70, the direction (horizontal direction) of the level that is configured to make phase delay axle 12a in its face when observing liquid crystal display cells with the 1st optical compensation plate 12 of the same observation side of embodiment 1 is towards 45 ° direction, the Polarizer 8 of the most close observation side is configured to make its axis of homology 8a and described horizontal direction parallel, and at the 1st optical compensation plate 12 of described observation side with observe between the Polarizer 8 of side, the 2nd optical compensation plate 14 of observing side is configured to make in its face phase delay axle 14a parallel with the axis of homology 8a of the Polarizer 8 of described observation side.
In addition, as shown in Figure 6, with the opposition side of the observation side of liquid crystal board 70, the direction (horizontal direction) of the level that is configured to make phase delay axle 13a in its face when observing liquid crystal display cells with the 1st optical compensation plate 13 of the same inboard of embodiment 1 is towards 135 ° direction, the most inboard Polarizer 9 is configured to make its axis of homology 9a and described horizontal direction quadrature, and between the 1st optical compensation plate 13 of described inboard and inboard Polarizer 9, the 2nd inboard optical compensation plate 15 is configured to make the axis of homology 9a quadrature of the Polarizer 9 of phase delay axle 15a and described inboard in its face.
Like this, the 2nd optical compensation plate 14,15 are configured to make phase delay axle 14a in its face, 15a respectively with adjacent Polarizer 8,9 axis of homology 8a, parallel or the quadrature of 9a, configuration by these optic axises, thereby for having and each Polarizer 8,9 axis of homology 8a, the linear polarization of the plane of polarisation that 9a or absorption axes are parallel, optical effect can not take place, so be configured in the 1st optical compensation plate 12 of the both sides of liquid crystal board 70, the 13 and the 2nd optical compensation plate 14,15, between the adjacent separately optical compensation plate as with a slice optical compensation plate of the value addition of the phase differential Rz of Z direction and work.
And, the liquid crystal display cells of this embodiment 2 and embodiment 1 are same, apply under the voltage status in the nothing that pixel electrode 3 and opposite electrode 4 is not applied voltage, seen through the linear polarization of inboard Polarizer 9, be transformed to rotatory polarization and incide the liquid crystal layer 7 of liquid crystal board 70 by the 2nd optical compensation plate 15 of inboard and the 1st optical compensation plate 13, the rotatory polarization former state sees through liquid crystal layer 7 backs and turns back to original linear polarization once more by the 1st optical compensation plate 12 and the 2nd optical compensation plate 14 of observing side, and the Polarizer 8 that is configured in the observation side of crossed nicols absorbs and becomes black (secretly) and shows.
Applying between pixel electrode 3 and the opposite electrode 4 under the sufficiently high voltage application voltage status, see through the linear polarization of inboard Polarizer 9, by the 2nd of inboard, the 1st optical compensation plate 15,13 are transformed to rotatory polarization and incide the liquid crystal layer 7 of liquid crystal board 70, the liquid crystal layer 7 that is orientated like that by the phase differential with λ/2 is transformed to mutually despun rotatory polarization, by observing the 1st of side, the 2nd optical compensation plate 12,14 are transformed to plane of polarisation has rotated 90 ° linear polarization with respect to the plane of polarisation of the linear polarization that sees through inboard Polarizer 9, sees through the Polarizer 8 of the observation side that disposes on the crossed nicols and becomes white (bright) and show.
In addition, for the normal of relative liquid crystal display cells light from the direction incident of oblique inclination, angle of inclination according to this light changes, so that the phase differential of the 1st, the 2nd optical compensation plate increases, so can the scope of angle of visibility be broadened with because of the variation of the oblique variation that is mapped to the phase differential that liquid crystal layer 7 produces by the phase differential of described the 1st, the 2nd optical compensation plate compensates.
As described above, embodiment 2 disposes the 1st optical compensation plate and the 2nd optical compensation plate by the both sides at liquid crystal board 70, can make the value of phase differential Rz of Z direction enough big, can fully compensate the view angle dependency of contrast.
(embodiment 3)
In above-mentioned embodiment 1, represented to have disposed the liquid crystal display cells of optical compensation plate 12,13 in the both sides of liquid crystal board, but be not limited thereto, in Fig. 1, also can will be replaced into different another optical compensation flaggy (optical compensation plate 16) of optical characteristics with the optical compensatory element 13 of the observation side opposition side of liquid crystal board 70.The structure of the liquid crystal display cells of this embodiment 3, except a slice optical compensating layer of the side that will be configured in liquid crystal board 70 is replaced into another different sheet optical compensating layer of optical characteristic, identical with above-mentioned the 1st embodiment, so additional phase label together on identical member, and omit explanation.
The liquid crystal display cells of this embodiment as shown in Figure 7, comprising: liquid crystal board 70; Be configured in the 1st optical compensating layer 12 of the observation side of this liquid crystal board 70; Be configured in another optical compensation plate 16 with the inboard of the observation side opposition side of described liquid crystal board 70; And insert and put these liquid crystal boards 70 and the 1st optical compensating layer 12 and another optical compensation plate 16 and a pair of Polarizer 8,9 of configuration.
Described another optical compensation plate has Nx by the value of Nx, Ny and Nz〉(Ny and Nz are equal in fact for the relation of Ny ≈ Nz, Nx is bigger than Ny), and with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in face in the polarizer 16 of phase differential R with value of 120nm to 160nm scope constitute.
The 1st optical compensation plate 12 and polarizer 16, be configured to make with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the face separately of direction of refractive index maximum in the face separately of the direction of phase delay axle 12a, 16a or refractive index minimum the leading axle of phase place mutually orthogonal, a pair of Polarizer 8,9 is configured to make its optic axis 8a, 9a mutually orthogonal, and phase delay axle 12a, the 16a of the polarizing axis 8a, the 9a that make Polarizer 8,9 separately and adjacent described the 1st optical compensation plate 12 and polarizer 16 or the leading axle of phase place become 35 ° to 55 ° scope, at 45 intersection in fact.
In this liquid crystal display cells, same with embodiment 1, when liquid crystal layer 7 has been applied sufficiently high electric field, phase differential is substantial λ/4 of transmitted light in the face of the 1st optical compensation plate 12 of a side of liquid crystal board 70 owing to be configured in, and the interior phase differential of face that is configured in the polarizer 16 of liquid crystal board inboard in fact also is λ/4, and be configured to make in the face of the 1st optical compensation plate 12 the phase delay axle 16a of phase delay axle 12a and described polarizer 16 mutually orthogonal, and with adjacent Polarizer 8,9 axis of homology 8a, 9a is at 45 in fact, so seen through the linear polarization of inboard Polarizer 9, be transformed to the rotatory polarization that on a sense of rotation, rotates and incide liquid crystal layer 7 by polarizer 16, be transformed to rotatory polarization with an above-mentioned direction reverse rotation by liquid crystal layer 7, incide the 1st optical compensation plate 12 of observing side, the plane of polarisation of the linear polarization that is transformed to plane of polarisation when inciding described polarizer 16 by the optical compensation plate 12 of this observation side has rotated 90 ° linear polarization, incide the Polarizer 8 of observing side, and become bright demonstration through this plane of polarisation 8.
Therefore, the acquisition high-transmission rate also brightens, and contrast uprises.
In addition, because the observation side at liquid crystal board 70 disposes the 1st optical compensating layer 12, so pass through the phase differential Rz of the Z direction of the 1st optical compensating layer 12, the phase differential of the substrate normal direction of the angle φ that will tilt from substrate normal increases partial offset, contrast is that the zone more than 10 spreads to 140 ° of scopes, and the angle of visibility characteristic improves.
(embodiment 4)
In above-mentioned embodiment 3, represented to have disposed a slice the 1st optical compensating layer 12 in a side of liquid crystal board 70, disposed the liquid crystal display cells of the polarizer 16 of another different optical compensating layer formation of optical characteristic at opposite side, but as shown in Figure 8, in the 1st optical compensating layer 12 of the both sides of liquid crystal board 70 configuration and the outside separately of another optical compensating layer (polarizer 16), append another optical compensation plate of configuration a slice more separately, also can realize purpose of the present invention.Like this, dispose two another optical compensation plates 17,18 again, can make the value of phase differential Rz of Z direction enough big, can compensate the view angle dependency of contrast fully by both sides at liquid crystal board 70.The structure of the liquid crystal display cells of this embodiment 4, in the liquid crystal display cells of Fig. 7, disposed another optical compensating layer 17,18 except appending respectively in the both sides of liquid crystal board 70, identical with above-mentioned the 3rd embodiment, so additional phase label together on identical member, and omit explanation.
The liquid crystal display cells of this embodiment as shown in Figure 8, comprising: liquid crystal board 70; Be configured in the 1st optical compensating layer 12 of the observation side of this liquid crystal board 70; And, in addition, comprising: at the polarizer 16 of the inboard configuration opposite with the observation side of described liquid crystal board 70 again at the 2nd optical compensation plate 17 of observing the side configuration; And the 2nd optical compensation plate 18 that disposes in the inboard again.
The 2nd optical compensating layer the 17, the 18th, the value of refractive index Nx, Ny and Nz has Nx〉Ny〉relation of Nz, and the value of the phase differential Rz of Z direction is set in the optical compensation plate in the scope of 50nm to 300nm, phase differential R can not have yet in the face, and its value is arbitrarily.
Promptly, observation side at liquid crystal board 70, the direction (horizontal direction) of the level that is configured to make phase delay axle 12a in its face when observing liquid crystal display cells with the optical compensation plate 12 of the same observation side of embodiment 3 is towards 45 ° direction, the Polarizer 8 of the most close observation side is configured to make its axis of homology 8a and described horizontal direction parallel, and at the 1st optical compensation plate 12 of described observation side with observe between the Polarizer 8 of side, the 2nd optical compensation plate 17 of observing side is configured to make in its face phase delay axle 17a parallel with the axis of homology 8a of the Polarizer 8 of observation side.
With the inboard of the observation side opposition side of liquid crystal board 70, the direction (horizontal direction) of the level that is configured to make phase delay axle 16a in its face when observing liquid crystal display cells with the same polarizer 16 of embodiment 3 is towards 135 ° direction, the most inboard Polarizer 9 is configured to make its axis of homology 9a and described horizontal direction quadrature, and between the polarizer 16 of inboard and inboard Polarizer 9, the 2nd inboard optical compensation plate 18 is configured to make the axis of homology 9a quadrature of phase delay axle 18a in its face and inboard described Polarizer 9.
Like this, since the 2nd optical compensation plate 17,18 be configured to make phase delay axle 17a, 18a in its face respectively with the parallel or quadrature of axis of homology 8a, 9a of adjacent Polarizer 8,9, thereby configuration by these optic axises, can not produce optical effect for linear polarization, so be configured in the 1st optical compensation plate 12 of observation side of liquid crystal board 70 and the 2nd optical compensation plate 17 respectively as with a slice optical compensation plate of the value addition of the phase differential Rz of Z direction and work with plane of polarisation parallel with axis of homology 8a, the 9a of separately Polarizer 8,9 or absorption axes.
And, the liquid crystal display cells of this embodiment 4, for from the incident light of the inboard of the normal direction almost parallel of this liquid crystal display cells, same with embodiment 3, apply under the voltage status in the nothing that pixel electrode 3 and opposite electrode 4 is not applied voltage, the linear polarization that has seen through inboard Polarizer 9 can not be subjected to optical effect and incide polarizer 16 after seeing through in the 2nd optical compensation plate 18 of inboard, be transformed to rotatory polarization and incide the liquid crystal layer 7 of liquid crystal board 70 by this polarizer 16, the rotatory polarization former state sees through liquid crystal layer 7 backs and is turned back to original linear polarization once more and incided the 2nd optical compensation plate 17 by the 1st optical compensation plate 12 of observing side, in the 2nd optical compensation plate 17, can not be subjected to optical effect and see through, absorb and become black (secretly) demonstration by the Polarizer 8 of the observation side that on crossed nicols, disposes.
Applying between pixel electrode 3 and the opposite electrode 4 under the sufficiently high voltage application voltage status, seen through the linear polarization of inboard Polarizer 9, in the 2nd optical compensation plate 18 of inboard, can not be subjected to optical effect and incide polarizer after seeing through, be transformed to rotatory polarization and incide the liquid crystal layer 7 of liquid crystal board 70 by this polarizer 16, liquid crystal layer 7 by the phase differential orientation with λ/2 is transformed to mutually despun rotatory polarization, being transformed to plane of polarisation by the 1st optical compensation plate 12 of observing side has rotated 90 ° linear polarization and has incided the 2nd optical compensation plate 17 with respect to the plane of polarisation of the linear polarization that has seen through inboard Polarizer 9, in the 2nd optical compensation plate 17, can not be subjected to optical effect and see through, thereby see through the Polarizer 8 of the observation side that on crossed nicols, disposes and become white (bright) and show.
In addition, for with respect to the normal of liquid crystal display cells light from oblique incidence, angle of inclination according to this light changes, so that the phase differential of the 1st, the 2nd optical compensation plate increases, so the variation of phase differential that can be by described the 1st, the 2nd optical compensation plate compensates the variation that is mapped to the phase differential that liquid crystal layer 7 produces because of oblique, the expanded range of angle of visibility.
As described above, embodiment 4 disposes the 1st optical compensation plate 12 and the 2nd optical compensation plate 17 by the side at liquid crystal board 70, at opposite side configuration phase difference plate 16 and the 2nd optical compensation plate 18, can make the value of phase differential Rz of Z direction enough big, can compensate the view angle dependency of contrast fully.
(embodiment 5)
Liquid crystal display cells of the present invention passes through also configuration phase difference plate between a pair of Polarizer 8,9 in the 1st embodiment, thereby can be applied to the liquid crystal display cells of Transflective.Embodiment 5 for the liquid crystal display cells that is applicable to this Transflective describes with reference to Fig. 9 and Figure 10.
The liquid crystal display cells of the Transflective of this embodiment as Fig. 9 and shown in Figure 10, comprising: the liquid crystal board 71 that possesses the Transflective of reflector space and regional transmission in each pixel; The a pair of Polarizer 8,9 that disposes in the mode that inserts and puts these substrates in described a pair of substrate 1,2 outside separately of this liquid crystal board 71; Two the 1st optical compensating layers 12,13 of configuration respectively between the described a pair of Polarizer 8,9 of the both sides of described liquid crystal board 71; And another optical compensating layer (polarizer 19,20) that between these the 1st optical compensating layers 12,13 and described Polarizer 8,9, disposes respectively again.The structure of the liquid crystal display cells of this embodiment 5, except liquid crystal board is the liquid crystal board 71 of Transflective, and disposing respectively between the 1st optical compensating layer 12,13 and the described Polarizer 8,9 beyond the polarizer 18,19, identical with described embodiment 1, so additional phase label together on identical member, and omit explanation.
The liquid crystal board 71 of reflection and transmission type comprises: a pair of substrate 1,2; Pixel electrode 3 that on the mutual opposed inner face of each substrate, forms and opposite electrode 4; The alignment films 5,6 that on the surface of these electrodes, forms; And the liquid crystal layer 7 that is enclosed in 1,2 of described a pair of substrates.Connected the active component 3a that is used to supply with driving voltage on the described pixel electrode 3, and, be formed with gap adjustment film 31 and the reflectance coating 32 on it that transparent insulating film constitutes on the part of each pixel by forming a pixel with opposite electrode 4 opposed zones respectively.
Described pixel electrode 3 covers the real estate and the reflectance coating 32 on the described gap adjustment film 31 of described substrate 2 and forms, with described opposite electrode 4 opposed pixel regions in, the part of the transparency electrode of covered substrate face forms the transmission viewing area, and the part that covers the transparency electrode on the described reflectance coating 32 forms the reflective display region territory.That is, a pixel region is made of the reflective display region territory of reflectance coating and described the 1st electrode contraposition and the regional transmission beyond this reflection.In the described reflective display region territory, the substrate that the gap between opposed substrate is adjusted film 31 by described gap and straitly formed, and be set to described transmission viewing area at interval roughly 1/2.In the liquid crystal layer 7, long-pending λ/2 that are roughly of the birefraction Δ n of transmission viewing area and gap d, the value that is Δ nd is in the scope of 250nm～450nm, for example be set at 350nm, and the value of the Δ nd in reflective display region territory is roughly λ/4, the value that is Δ nd for example is set at 175nm in the scope of 75nm～275nm.
The outside at a pair of substrate 1,2 of liquid crystal board 71, disposed respectively with same refractive index Nx, Ny of embodiment 1 and the value of Nz and had Nx Ny the relation of Nz, and the value of phase differential R is set in the scope of 120nm to 160nm in the face of representing with (Nx-Ny) d, and with (Nx+Ny)/value of the phase differential Rz of the Z direction that 2-Nz} represents is set in the optical compensation plate 12,13 in the scope of 50nm to 300nm, disposed a pair of Polarizer 8,9 in its outside again.
In this embodiment 5, the value that also disposes refractive index Nx, Ny and Nz respectively between two optical compensation plates 12,13 and a pair of Polarizer 8,9 has Nx〉relation of Ny ≈ Nz, and the value of phase differential R is set in another optical compensation plate that the polarizer in the scope of 240nm to 300nm constitutes (below, be called polarizer 19,20) in the face of representing with (Nx-Ny) * d.
And, be configured in the 1st optical compensation plate 12,13 of liquid crystal board 71 both sides, a pair of Polarizer 8,9 optic axis separately that is configured in the polarizer 19,20 in its outside and inserts and puts their configurations, as shown in figure 10, the horizontal direction when observing liquid crystal display cells is as benchmark and following configuration.With the drawing of observing the side opposition side on be positioned at the axis of homology 9a of Polarizer 9 of inboard of downside towards 90 °, promptly dispose towards above-below direction, than it near the phase delay axle 20a of the polarizer 20 of the inboard of observing side direction configuration towards 105 °, the interior phase delay axle 13a of the face of the 1st optical compensation plate 13 of the inside of observation side disposes towards 165 ° direction, the face phase delay axle 12a that inserts and puts liquid crystal board 71 and be positioned at the 1st optical compensation plate 12 of the observation side of observing side disposes towards 75 ° direction, the phase delay axle 19a of the polarizer 19 of more close observation side disposes towards 15 ° of directions, and the axis of homology 8a of the Polarizer 8 of the most close observation side is towards 0 °, promptly dispose towards horizontal direction.
Promptly, the mutually orthogonal configuration of axis of homology 8a, 9a of a pair of Polarizer 8,9, phase delay axle 19a, the 20a of described two polarizers 19,20 are mutually orthogonal, and become 15 ° of cross-over configuration respectively with axis of homology 8a, the 9a of adjacent Polarizer 8,9, phase delay axle 12a, 13a are mutually orthogonal in the face of described two the 1st optical compensation plates 12,13, and become 60 ° of directions configurations that intersect respectively with phase delay axle 19a, the 20a of adjacent polarizer 19,20.And, by the 1st optical compensation plate 13 and the polarizer 20 that disposes at observation side opposition side with liquid crystal board 71, thereby for the light that on the normal direction of liquid crystal board 71, sees through, as in fact the phase delay axle being worked towards broadband λ/4 plates of 135 ° direction configuration, and by the 1st optical compensation plate 12 and polarizer 19 in the configuration of the observation side of liquid crystal board 71, thereby for the light that on the normal direction of liquid crystal board 71, sees through, as the phase delay axle is worked towards broadband λ/4 plates of 45 ° direction configuration.
In the liquid crystal display cells of this embodiment 5, for the light of incident on the normal direction of this liquid crystal display cells, transmission shows below to be carried out.
The nothing that does not apply voltage on opposed pixel electrode 3 and opposite electrode 4 applies under the voltage status, seen through the linear polarization of inboard Polarizer 9, become the rotatory polarization of rotation in one direction and incide liquid crystal board by the polarizer 20 of inboard and the 1st optical compensation plate 13.Light from the inboard incident of liquid crystal board 70, see through the transmission viewing area of each pixel of liquid crystal board 71, at this moment, because the liquid crystal molecule 7a of liquid crystal layer 7 is the state of orientation of vertically erectting, there is not phase differential, so the rotatory polarization with former state sees through described liquid crystal board 71, and incide the 1st optical compensation plate 12 and the polarizer 19 of observing side.These observe the 1st optical compensation plate 12 of side and the optic axis 12a of polarizer 19,19a, respectively with the 1st optical compensation plate 13 of inboard and the optic axis 13a of polarizer 20, the 20a orthogonal configuration, so incide these the 1st optical compensation plates 12 of observing side and the rotatory polarization of polarizer 19, become linear polarization and incide the Polarizer 8 of observing side with plane of polarisation parallel with the plane of polarisation of the linear polarization that incides inboard polarizer 20, because inciding the linear polarization plate of the Polarizer 8 of observing side is the linear polarization plates with plane of polarisation parallel with its absorption axes, so this linear polarization is absorbed, becomes black (secretly) and show.
On opposed pixel electrode 3 and opposite electrode 4, apply sufficiently high voltage, what liquid crystal molecule 7a and real estate were arranged in parallel in fact applies under the voltage status, and the linear polarization that has seen through inboard Polarizer 9 is become the rotatory polarization of rotation in one direction and incided liquid crystal board 71 by the polarizer 20 and the 1st optical compensation plate 13 of inboard.Light from the inboard incident of liquid crystal board 71, see through the transmission viewing area of each pixel of liquid crystal board 71, at this moment, in the liquid crystal layer 7 of transmission viewing area, liquid crystal molecule 7a and real estate are arranged in parallel and have the phase differential (retardation) of λ/2, so become with the mutually despun rotatory polarization of the rotatory polarization of incident and penetrate liquid crystal board 71, incide the 1st optical compensation plate 12 and the polarizer 19 of observing side.These observe the 1st optical compensation plate 12 of side and the optic axis 12a of polarizer 19,19a respectively with the 1st optical compensation plate 13 of inboard and the optic axis 13a of polarizer 20, the 20a orthogonal configuration, so incide these the 1st optical compensation plates 12 of observing side and the rotatory polarization of polarizer 20, become with the linear polarization of the plane of polarisation of the plane of polarisation quadrature of the linear polarization that incides inboard polarizer 20 and incide the Polarizer 8 of observing side, the linear polarization that incides the Polarizer 8 of observing side is the linear polarization with plane of polarisation parallel with its axis of homology, shows so become white (bright).
In the liquid crystal display cells of this embodiment 5,, from observing the light of side incident, observe this catoptrical reflection demonstration and carry out as described below by liquid crystal board 71 reflections for the light on the normal direction that incides this liquid crystal display cells.
The nothing that does not apply voltage on opposed pixel electrode 3 and opposite electrode 4 applies under the voltage status, seen through the linear polarization of observing the Polarizer 8 of side, become the rotatory polarization of rotation in one direction and incide liquid crystal board 71 by the polarizer 19 of observing side and the 1st optical compensation plate 12.Incide the rotatory polarization in reflective display region territory of each pixel of this liquid crystal board from the observation side of liquid crystal board 71, at this moment, because the liquid crystal molecule 7a of liquid crystal layer 7 is the state of orientation of vertically erectting, there is not phase differential, so see through liquid crystal layer 7, and by reflectance coating 3 reflections of each pixel, the rotatory polarization of changeabout rotation with the rotatory polarization of former state, rework solution crystal layer 7, and incide the 1st optical compensation plate 12 and the polarizer 19 of observing side.These observe the 1st optical compensation plate 12 of side and optic axis 12a, the 19a of polarizer 19, respectively with optic axis 13a, the 20a orthogonal configuration of the 1st optical compensation plate 13 and the polarizer 20 of inboard, so incide these the 1st optical compensation plates 12 of observing side and the rotatory polarization of polarizer 19, become linear polarization and incide the Polarizer 8 of observing side with plane of polarisation parallel with the absorption axes of the Polarizer 8 of observing side, this linear polarization is absorbed, and becomes black (secretly) and shows.
On opposed pixel electrode 3 and opposite electrode 4, apply sufficiently high voltage, what liquid crystal molecule 7a and real estate were arranged in parallel in fact applies under the voltage status, seen through the linear polarization of observing the Polarizer 8 of side, become the rotatory polarization of rotation in one direction and incide liquid crystal board 71 by the polarizer 19 of observing side and the 1st optical compensation plate 12.At this moment, because the liquid crystal molecule 7a of liquid crystal layer 7 is the state of approximate horizontal ground orientation with respect to real estate, the phase differential that λ/4 are arranged, when arriving the reflectance coating 32 of each pixel so the rotatory polarization in reflective display region territory that incides each pixel of described liquid crystal board 71 from the observation side of liquid crystal board 71 sees through liquid crystal layer 7, become linear polarization with plane of polarisation parallel with the plane of polarisation of the linear polarization that has seen through the Polarizer 8 of observing side, by described reflectance coating 32 reflections, rework solution crystal layer 7, in this process of returning, give the phase differential of λ/4 once more, become with a described direction on the rotatory polarization that rotates on the rotatory polarization equidirectional that rotates, penetrate liquid crystal layer 7, and incide optical compensation plate 12 and the polarizer 19 of observing side.Incide these the 1st optical compensation plates 12 of observing side and the rotatory polarization of polarizer 19, become linear polarization, see through the Polarizer 8 of observing side, become white (bright) and show with plane of polarisation parallel with the axis of homology 8a of the Polarizer 8 of observing side.
In addition, for with respect to the normal of liquid crystal display cells light from the direction incident of oblique inclination, angle of inclination according to this light changes, so that the phase differential of the 1st optical compensation plate 12,13 increases, so the variation of phase differential that can be by described the 1st optical compensation plate 12,13 compensates the variation that is mapped to the phase differential that liquid crystal layer 7 produces because of oblique, the expanded range of angle of visibility.
Figure 11 is illustrated in the liquid crystal display cells of Transflective of this embodiment 5, for the contrast distribution of the angle (angle of visibility) of the direction of observation of relative substrate normal direction.Such as shown, under the situation of the liquid crystal display cells of the present embodiment that is provided with the 1st optical compensating layer 12,13 and polarizer 19,20, contrast is the zone more than 10, as with roughly expand 135 ° of scopes shown in the solid line like that to up and down.
Like this, in embodiment 5, by both sides at the liquid crystal board 71 of Transflective, phase differential is essentially the 1st optical compensation plate 12,13 of λ/4 and the polarizer 19,20 that phase differential is λ/2 in the configuration plane, and has the function of broadband λ/4 polarizers by these the 1st optical compensation plates 12,13 and polarizer 19,20, thereby can improve transmissivity, and prevent catoptrical painted.Thereby, the phase differential Rz of the Z direction by optical compensation plate, the angle of visibility characteristic improves.
(embodiment 6)
In above-mentioned embodiment 5, represented that two sides at the observation side of liquid crystal board and opposition side have disposed the liquid crystal display cells of a slice the 1st optical compensating layer 12,13 and a slice polarizer 19,20 respectively, but as Figure 12 and shown in Figure 13, the outside separately at the 1st optical compensating layer 12,13 of the both sides that are configured in liquid crystal board 71 and polarizer 19,20, append another the 2nd optical compensation plate 22,23 of configuration a slice more separately, also can realize purpose of the present invention.Like this, dispose two another the 2nd optical compensation plates 22,23 again, can make the value of phase differential Rz of Z direction enough big, can compensate the view angle dependency of contrast fully by both sides at liquid crystal board 71.The structure of the liquid crystal display cells of this embodiment 6, in the liquid crystal display cells of Fig. 9 and Figure 10, disposed another the 2nd optical compensating layer 22,23 except appending respectively again in the both sides of liquid crystal board 71, identical with above-mentioned embodiment 5, so additional phase label together on identical member, and omit explanation.
The liquid crystal display cells of this embodiment as Figure 12 and shown in Figure 13, comprising: liquid crystal board 71; Be configured in the 1st optical compensating layer 12 of the observation side of this liquid crystal board 71; Be configured in the polarizer 19 of this observation side; And and the Polarizer 8 in its outside between the 2nd optical compensation plate 22 of configuration again, also comprise: at the 1st optical compensation plate 13 of the inboard configuration opposite with the observation side of described liquid crystal board 71; The polarizer 20 of side configuration within it; And and its inboard Polarizer 9 between again the configuration the 2nd optical compensating layer 23.
The 2nd optical compensating layer 22,23 is respectively that the value of refractive index Nx, Ny and Nz has Nx〉Ny〉relation of Nz, the value of phase differential R is set in the scope of 120nm to 160nm in the face of representing with (Nx-Ny) d, and the value of the phase differential Rz of Z direction be set in optical compensation plate in the scope of 50nm to 300nm (below, be called the 2nd optical compensation plate 22,23), phase differential R can not have yet in the face, and its value is arbitrarily.
Promptly, as shown in figure 13, observation side at liquid crystal board 71, the direction (horizontal direction) of the level that is configured to make phase delay axle 12a in its face when observing liquid crystal display cells with the 1st optical compensation plate 12 of the same observation side of embodiment 5 is towards 75 ° direction, observe side at this, polarizer 19 is configured to make its phase delay axle 19a with respect to the direction of horizontal direction towards 15 °, the Polarizer 8 of the most close observation side is configured to make its axis of homology 8a and described horizontal direction parallel, at the polarizer 19 of more close described observation side with observe between the Polarizer 8 of side, the 2nd optical compensation plate 22 is configured to make in its face phase delay axle 22a parallel with the axis of homology 8a of the Polarizer 8 of described observation side.That is, two the 1st optical compensation plates are configured to make in separately the face phase delay axle mutually orthogonal, and the direction of intersecting towards the scope that becomes 5 ° to 25 ° or 65 ° to 85 ° with the axis of homology of adjacent Polarizer disposes.
With the observation side opposition side of liquid crystal board 71 on, be configured to make in its plane optic axis 13a with respect to the direction of horizontal direction with the 1st optical compensation plate 13 of the same inboard of embodiment 5 towards 165 °, side within it, polarizer 20 is configured to make phase delay axle 20a in its face with respect to the horizontal direction of the liquid crystal display cells direction towards 105 °, the Polarizer 9 of innermost side, make its axis of homology 9a and described horizontal direction quadrature, again between the polarizer 20 of described inboard and inboard Polarizer 9, the 2nd inboard optical compensation plate 23 is configured to make the axis of homology 9a quadrature of the Polarizer 9 of phase delay axle 23a and described inboard in its face.
Like this, the 2nd optical compensation plate 22,23 be configured to make phase delay axle 22a, 23a in its face respectively with the parallel or quadrature of axis of homology 8a, 9a of adjacent Polarizer 8,9, configuration by these optic axises, thereby can not produce optical effect for the linear polarization with plane of polarisation parallel with axis of homology 8a, the 9a of each Polarizer 8,9 or absorption axes, so the 1st optical compensation plate 12,13 of the both sides of liquid crystal board 71 configuration and the 2nd optical compensation plate 22,23 are respectively as a slice optical compensation plate of the value addition of the phase differential Rz of Z direction is worked.
Thereby, the liquid crystal display cells of this embodiment 6, same with embodiment 5, in transmission shows, apply under the voltage status in the nothing that pixel electrode 3 and opposite electrode 4 is not applied voltage, seen through the linear polarization of inboard Polarizer 9, in the 2nd optical compensation plate 23 of inboard, optical effect be can not be subjected to and polarizer 20 and the 1st optical compensation plate 13 seen through and incide, be transformed to rotatory polarization and incide the liquid crystal layer 7 of liquid crystal board 71 by this polarizer 20 and the 1st optical compensation plate 13, the rotatory polarization former state sees through liquid crystal layer 7 backs and turns back to original linear polarization once more by the 1st optical compensation plate 12 and the polarizer 19 of observing side, the Polarizer 8 of the observation side that can not be subjected to optical effect and dispose on seeing through afterwards by crossed nicols in the 2nd optical compensation plate 22 absorbs, and becomes black (secretly) and shows.
Applying between pixel electrode 3 and the opposite electrode 4 under the sufficiently high voltage application voltage status, seen through the linear polarization of inboard Polarizer 9, in the 2nd optical compensation plate 23 of inboard, can not be subjected to optical effect and incide polarizer 20 and the 1st optical compensation plate 13 after seeing through, be transformed to rotatory polarization and incide the liquid crystal layer 7 of liquid crystal board 71 by these inboard polarizers 20 and the 1st optical compensation plate 13, be transformed to the rotatory polarization of reverse rotation by the liquid crystal layer 7 of phase differential orientation with λ/2, being transformed to plane of polarisation by the 1st optical compensation plate 12 of observing side and polarizer 20 has rotated 90 ° linear polarization and has incided the 2nd optical compensation plate 22 with respect to the plane of polarisation of the linear polarization that has seen through inboard Polarizer 9, in the 2nd optical compensation plate 22, can not be subjected to optical effect and after seeing through, become white (bright) demonstration through the Polarizer 8 of the observation side that disposes on the crossed nicols.
In reflection shows, the nothing that does not apply voltage on opposed pixel electrode 3 and opposite electrode 4 applies under the voltage status, seen through the linear polarization of observing the Polarizer 8 of side, incide the polarizer 19 of observing side and be not subjected to observing the optical effect of the 2nd optical compensation plate 22 of side, become to the rotatory polarization of a direction rotation and incide liquid crystal board 7 by this polarizer 19 and the 1st optical compensation plate 12.Incide the rotatory polarization in reflective display region territory of each pixel of described liquid crystal board 7 from the observation side of liquid crystal board 7, rotatory polarization with former state sees through liquid crystal layer 7, reflectance coating 32 reflections by each pixel, become the rotatory polarization of reverse rotation, rework solution crystal layer 7, and incide the 1st optical compensation plate 12 and the polarizer 19 of observing side, incide these the 1st optical compensation plates 12 of observing side and the rotatory polarization of polarizer 19, become linear polarization with plane of polarisation parallel with the absorption axes of observing side, incide the 2nd optical compensation plate 22 of observing side and observe the Polarizer 18 of side, and be absorbed and become black (secretly) demonstration.
Applying on opposed pixel electrode 3 and the opposite electrode 4 under the sufficiently high voltage application voltage status, seen through the linear polarization of observing the Polarizer 8 of side, incide the polarizer 19 of observing side and be not subjected to observing the optical effect of the 2nd optical compensation plate 122 of side, polarizer 19 and the 1st optical compensation plate 12 by this observation side become the rotatory polarization of rotation in one direction, incide liquid crystal board 7.Incide the rotatory polarization in reflective display region territory of each pixel of described liquid crystal board 7 from the observation side of liquid crystal board 7, become linear polarization with plane of polarisation parallel with the plane of polarisation of the linear polarization that has seen through the Polarizer 8 of observing side, by 2 reflections of described reflectance coating and turn back to liquid crystal layer 7, become with a described direction on the rotatory polarization that rotates on the rotatory polarization equidirectional that rotates, incide the 1st optical compensation plate 12 and the polarizer 19 of observing side after penetrating liquid crystal layer 7, incide these the 1st optical compensation plates 12 of observing side and the rotatory polarization of polarizer 19, become linear polarization with plane of polarisation parallel with the axis of homology of observing side, incide the 2nd optical compensation plate 22 of observing side, be not subjected to the optical effect of the 2nd optical compensation plate 22 of this observation side through the Polarizer 8 of observing side, become white (bright) and show.
In addition, for with respect to the normal of liquid crystal display cells light from oblique incidence, angle of inclination according to this light changes, so that the phase differential of the 1st optical compensation plate 12,13 and the 2nd optical compensation plate 22,23 increases, so the variation of phase differential that can be by these the 1st, the 2nd optical compensation plates 12,13,22,23 compensates the variation that is mapped to the phase differential that liquid crystal layer 7 produces because of oblique, the expanded range of angle of visibility.
As described above, embodiment 6 disposes the 1st optical compensation plate 12,13 and the 2nd optical compensation plate 22,23 by the both sides at liquid crystal board 7, can make the value of phase differential Rz of Z direction enough big, can compensate the view angle dependency of contrast fully.
Have, the present invention is not limited to the example shown in the above-mentioned embodiment again, and various distortion and application can be arranged.For example, as the 1st, the 2nd optical compensating layer, used and had Nx Ny the relation of Nz, the value of phase differential R is set in the scope of 120nm to 160nm in the face of representing with (Nx-Ny) d, and with (Nx+Ny)/value of the phase differential Rz of the Z direction that 2-Nz} represents is set in the optical compensation plate that the twin shaft polarizer in the scope of 50nm to 300nm constitutes, but be not limited thereto, the value that also can be the phase differential Rz of the single shaft polarizer of 120nm to 160nm scope and Z direction with the value of phase differential is that the polarizer combination of 50nm to 300nm scope constitutes a slice optical compensation plate.Promptly, as shown in figure 14, by with 1/4 wavelength plate 12a with carry out stackedly according to the polarizer 12b that the little mode of refractive index of the direction of the main surface parallel of the refractive index ratio of the normal direction of the interarea that makes substrate and substrate disposes, also can be used as a slice optical compensation plate with above-mentioned characteristic.
In addition, in the above-described embodiment, be orientated radially towards the central authorities of pixel, in the alignment films of opposite electrode side, formed projection, but the method itself that forms this radial orientation is arbitrarily in order to make liquid crystal.For example, form the method for recess, perhaps, also can in pixel electrode, form the slit, and a pixel segmentation is become a plurality of orientation area in the pixel electrode substrate side of downside.

Claims (20)

1. a liquid crystal display cells is characterized in that, comprising:
A substrate is provided with the 1st electrode;
Another substrate with a described substrate arranged opposite, is provided with by forming the 2nd electrode of pixel region with the zone of described the 1st electrode contraposition with a described opposed face of substrate;
Vertical alignment layer is formed on described the 1st electrode and described the 2nd electrode mutual opposed;
Liquid crystal layer is enclosed between the described substrate, has negative dielectric anisotropy;
A pair of Polarizer is configured in respectively on the outside of mutual opposed opposition side of described and another substrate; And
Two optical compensating layers are configured in respectively between described a pair of substrate and the described a pair of Polarizer, give the phase differential of 1/4 the value in fact of its wavelength X to the visible light that sees through,
In described two optical compensating layers one is made of the 1st optical compensation plate, the 1st optical compensation plate is Nx in the 1st axial refractive index with the main surface parallel of described a pair of substrate, with the main surface parallel of described substrate and the 2nd axial refractive index vertical with described the 1st direction of principal axis is Ny, when the 3rd axial refractive index vertical with the interarea of described substrate is Nz, the value of Nx, Ny and Nz has Nx〉Ny the relation of Nz, and with the plane of the main surface parallel of described substrate in face in phase differential have 1/4 the value of visible wavelength λ.
2. liquid crystal display cells as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
In two optical compensating layers another also is made of described the 1st optical compensation plate.
3. liquid crystal display cells as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that,
Optical compensating layer is made of following the 1st optical compensation plate, when the 1st optical compensation plate is d at the thickness of described optical compensating layer, the value of Nx, Ny and Nz has Nx〉Ny〉relation of Nz, the value of phase differential R is set in the scope of 120nm to 160nm in the face of representing with (Nx-Ny) d, and with (Nx+Ny)/value of the phase differential Rz of the Z direction that 2-Nz} represents is set in the scope of 50nm to 300nm.
4. liquid crystal display cells as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that,
Two the 1st optical compensation plates that are provided with on the two sides in a pair of substrate outside be configured to make with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the face of direction of refractive index maximum in the face of the direction of phase delay axle or refractive index minimum the leading axle of phase place mutually orthogonal,
A pair of Polarizer is configured to make its axis of homology mutually orthogonal, and the leading axle of phase place becomes 35 ° to 55 ° angular cross in described interior phase delay axle of the axis of homology of any Polarizer and adjacent described optical compensation plate or the face.
5. liquid crystal display cells as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that,
Also disposed polarizer respectively between the Polarizer that disposes in two the 1st optical compensation plates of the two sides in a pair of substrate outside configuration and the outside separately, the value of the Nx of this polarizer, Ny and Nz has Nx〉relation of Ny ≈ Nz, and with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in phase differential R have the value of 240nm to 300nm scope.
6. liquid crystal display cells as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that,
The axis of homology of a pair of Polarizer is mutually orthogonal,
Two the 1st optical compensation plates that dispose on the two sides in a pair of substrate outside, be configured to respectively to make with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the face separately of direction of refractive index maximum in the face separately of the direction of phase delay axle or refractive index minimum the leading axle of phase place mutually orthogonal, and the direction configuration that described the 1st optical compensation plate intersects towards the scope that becomes 5 ° to 25 ° or 65 ° to 85 ° with the axis of homology of adjacent Polarizer
Two polarizers of the arranged outside of described two the 1st optical compensation plates be configured to make with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the leading axle of phase place separately of direction of the phase delay axle separately of direction of refractive index maximum or refractive index minimum mutually orthogonal, and described polarizer is towards becoming 15 ° of directions configurations that intersect respectively with the axis of homology of adjacent Polarizer.
7. liquid crystal display cells as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that,
Also formed a part of corresponding reflectance coating with any electrode of the 1st electrode and the 2nd electrode, in a pixel region that forms by zone, transmission viewing area and reflective display region territory that the light that sees through opposed a pair of substrate is controlled have been formed to controlling by the light of described reflectance coating reflection with these electrode contrapositions.
8. liquid crystal display cells as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that,
Between a pair of Polarizer, also disposed another the 2nd optical compensation plate, the value of the Nx of the 2nd optical compensation plate, Ny and Nz has Nx〉Ny〉relation of Nz, in case (Nx+Ny)/and the value of the phase differential Rz of the Z direction that 2-Nz} represents is set in the scope of 50nm to 300nm.
9. liquid crystal display cells as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that,
The axis of homology of a pair of Polarizer is mutually orthogonal,
Described the 2nd optical compensation plate is configured in two polarizers respectively and separately between the Polarizer of arranged outside, and be configured to make the interior phase delay axle of face of these the 2nd optical compensation plates or the leading axle of the interior phase place of face to be parallel to each other or quadrature, and the parallel or quadrature of the axis of homology with adjacent Polarizer
Two the 1st optical compensation plates of the two sides in a pair of substrate outside configuration be configured to make with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the face separately of direction of refractive index maximum in the face separately of the direction of phase delay axle or refractive index minimum the leading axle of phase place mutually orthogonal, and the direction configuration that described the 1st optical compensation plate intersects towards the scope that becomes 5 ° to 25 ° or 65 ° to 85 ° with the axis of homology of adjacent Polarizer
Two polarizers of the arranged outside of described two the 1st optical compensation plates be configured to make with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the face separately of direction of refractive index maximum in the face separately of the direction of phase delay axle or refractive index minimum the leading axle of phase place mutually orthogonal, and described polarizer is towards becoming 15 ° of directions configurations that intersect respectively with the axis of homology of adjacent Polarizer.
10. liquid crystal display cells as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that,
Between a pair of Polarizer, two slice 2nd optical compensation plates different have also been disposed with described the 1st optical compensation plate, the value of the Nx of the 2nd optical compensation plate, Ny and Nz has Nx〉Ny〉relation of Nz, in case (Nx+Ny)/and the value of the phase differential Rz of the Z direction that 2-Nz} represents is set in the scope of 50nm to 300nm.
11. liquid crystal display cells as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that,
The axis of homology of a pair of Polarizer is mutually orthogonal,
Two the 1st optical compensation plates of the two sides in a pair of substrate outside configuration be configured to make with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the face separately of direction of refractive index maximum in the face separately of the direction of phase delay axle or refractive index minimum the leading axle of phase place mutually orthogonal, and described the 1st optical compensation plate is towards the direction configuration that becomes 35 ° to 55 ° scope to intersect with the axis of homology of adjacent Polarizer
Respectively two the 2nd optical compensation plates of the arranged outside of described two the 1st optical compensation plates be configured to make with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the face separately of direction of refractive index maximum in the face separately of the direction of phase delay axle or refractive index minimum the leading axle of phase place be parallel to each other or quadrature, and with the parallel or quadrature of the axis of homology of adjacent Polarizer.
12. liquid crystal display cells as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
In described two optical compensating layers, one is the 1st optical compensation plate, the value of the Nx of the 1st optical compensation plate, Ny and Nz has Nx〉Ny〉relation of Nz, and has 1/4 the value of visible wavelength λ with phase differential in the plane of the main surface parallel of described substrate, another is a polarizer, the value of the Nx of this polarizer, Ny and Nz has Nx〉relation of Ny ≈ Nz, and with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in face in phase differential R have the value of the scope of 120nm to 160nm.
13. liquid crystal display cells as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that,
Described the 1st optical compensation plate and polarizer be configured to make with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the face separately of direction of refractive index maximum in the face separately of the direction of phase delay axle or refractive index minimum the leading axle of phase place mutually orthogonal,
A pair of Polarizer is configured to make its axis of homology mutually orthogonal, and in the face of the axis of homology that makes Polarizer separately and adjacent described the 1st optical compensation plate and polarizer in phase delay axle or the face the leading axle of phase place becomes 35 ° to 55 ° directions of intersecting to dispose.
14. liquid crystal display cells as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that,
Between a pair of Polarizer, also disposed another 2nd optical compensation plate different with described the 1st optical compensation plate, Nx, the Ny of this another the 2nd optical compensation plate and the value of Nz have Nx〉Ny〉relation of Nz, in case (Nx+Ny)/and the value of the phase differential Rz of the Z direction that 2-Nz} represents is set in the scope of 50nm to 300nm.
15. liquid crystal display cells as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that,
Described the 2nd optical compensation plate is configured in respectively between described the 1st optical compensation plate and the Polarizer and between polarizer and another Polarizer, and with the parallel or quadrature of the axis of homology of adjacent Polarizer,
Described the 1st optical compensation plate and polarizer be configured to make with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the face separately of direction of refractive index maximum in the face separately of the direction of phase delay axle or refractive index minimum the leading axle of phase place mutually orthogonal,
A pair of Polarizer is configured to make its axis of homology mutually orthogonal, and in the face of the axis of homology that makes Polarizer separately and adjacent described the 1st optical compensation plate and polarizer in phase delay axle or the face the leading axle of phase place becomes 35 ° to 55 ° directions of intersecting to dispose.
16. each the described liquid crystal display cells as claim 1-15 is characterized in that,
Also comprise according to making sensing make the parts of the liquid crystal aligning that constitutes described liquid crystal layer towards the mode of a plurality of directions by applying described electric field.
17. a liquid crystal display cells is characterized in that, comprising:
A substrate is provided with the 1st transparent electrode;
Another substrate with a described substrate arranged opposite, is provided with the 2nd transparent electrode that is formed for carrying out the pixel region that transmission-type shows by the zone with described the 1st electrode contraposition with a described opposed face of substrate;
Vertical alignment layer is formed on described the 1st electrode and described the 2nd electrode mutual opposed;
Liquid crystal layer is enclosed between the described substrate, has negative dielectric anisotropy;
A pair of Polarizer is configured in respectively on the outside of mutual opposed opposition side of described and another substrate;
Two the 1st optical compensation plates, be configured in respectively between described a pair of substrate and the described a pair of Polarizer, in the 1st axial refractive index with the main surface parallel of described a pair of substrate is Nx, with the main surface parallel of described substrate and the 2nd axial refractive index vertical with described the 1st direction of principal axis is Ny, and the 3rd axial refractive index vertical with the interarea of described substrate is when being Nz, the value of Nx, Ny and Nz has Nx〉Ny〉relation of Nz, and transmitted light is given the phase differential of 1/4 value of wavelength X; And
Two the 2nd optical compensation plates, be configured in respectively between the Polarizer of described two the 1st optical compensation plates and the outside separately configuration, the value of Nx, Ny and Nz has Nx〉Ny the relation of Nz, and make with the plane of the main surface parallel of described substrate in the axis of homology quadrature of direction and the adjacent Polarizer of phase delay axle or parallel in the face of refractive index maximum.
18. liquid crystal display cells as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that,
The axis of homology of described a pair of Polarizer is mutually orthogonal,
Two described the 1st optical compensation plates are configured to make phase differential in the face in the plane with the main surface parallel of substrate to have 1/4 the value of visible wavelength λ, and make with the plane of the main surface parallel of described substrate in the direction of phase delay axle and the axis of homology angle at 45 in fact of adjacent Polarizer in the face of refractive index maximum.
19. a liquid crystal display cells is characterized in that, comprising:
A substrate is provided with the 1st transparent electrode;
Another substrate, with opposed of a described substrate on be provided with the opposed reflectance coating of the part of described the 1st electrode and be configured in the zone that comprises this reflectance coating and form the 2nd electrode by zone respectively by the pixel region that constitutes with corresponding reflective display region territory of described reflectance coating and the regional transmission beyond this reflective display region territory with described the 1st electrode contraposition;
Vertical alignment layer is formed on described the 1st electrode and described the 2nd electrode mutual opposed;
Liquid crystal layer, be enclosed between the described substrate, has negative dielectric anisotropy, give 1/2 the phase differential in fact of this light wavelength to the light of the transmission viewing area that sees through described pixel region, and the layer thickness corresponding with the reflector space of described pixel region has 1/2 the layer thickness in fact with the corresponding layer thickness in transmission viewing area;
A pair of Polarizer is configured in respectively on the outside of mutual opposed opposition side of described and another substrate;
Two the 1st optical compensation plates, be configured in respectively between described a pair of substrate and the described a pair of Polarizer, in the 1st axial refractive index with the main surface parallel of described a pair of substrate is Nx, with the main surface parallel of described substrate and the 2nd axial refractive index vertical with described the 1st direction of principal axis is Ny, and the 3rd axial refractive index vertical with the interarea of described substrate be when being Nz, and the value of Nx, Ny and Nz has Nx〉Ny〉relation of Nz; And
Two polarizers, be configured in respectively between the Polarizer of described two the 1st optical compensation plates and the outside separately configuration, make the 1st mutually adjacent optical compensation plate and polarizer separately with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in refractive index present peaked interior phase delay axle mutually in fact towards 45 °, the value of Nx, Ny and Nz has Nx〉relation of Ny ≈ Nz, and the synthetic value of phase differential has the value of phase differential in 1/4 the face that is essentially the transmitted light wavelength in optical compensation plate that will be adjacent mutually and the polarizer face separately.
20. liquid crystal display cells as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that,
The axis of homology of a pair of Polarizer is mutually orthogonal,
Two the 1st optical compensation plates of the two sides in the outside of a pair of substrate configuration be configured to respectively to make with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the face separately of direction of refractive index maximum the phase delay axle mutually orthogonal, and the direction configuration that described the 1st optical compensation plate intersects towards the scope that becomes 5 ° to 25 ° or 65 ° to 85 ° with the axis of homology of adjacent Polarizer
Two polarizers of the arranged outside of described two the 1st optical compensation plates be configured to make with the plane of the main surface parallel of substrate in the face separately of direction of refractive index maximum the phase delay axle mutually orthogonal.
CNB2006100716638A 2005-03-30 2006-03-30 Vertical orientation type liquid crystal display device Active CN100472287C (en)

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