CN108289630A - 用于神经调节和刺激的方法和*** - Google Patents

用于神经调节和刺激的方法和*** Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108289630A
CN108289630A CN201680071148.1A CN201680071148A CN108289630A CN 108289630 A CN108289630 A CN 108289630A CN 201680071148 A CN201680071148 A CN 201680071148A CN 108289630 A CN108289630 A CN 108289630A
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China
Prior art keywords
data
sensing device
people
device further
sensing
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CN201680071148.1A
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Inventor
罗泽博·家法尔
什亚梅尔·帕特尔
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Mc10 Ltd By Share Ltd
MC10 Inc
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Mc10 Ltd By Share Ltd
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Publication of CN108289630A publication Critical patent/CN108289630A/zh
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Abstract

用于控制治疗装置和/或环境参数的***可以包括一个或多个身体佩戴的传感器装置,其检测和报告环境中的人的一种或多种身体、生理或生物参数。所述传感器装置可以将指示人的一种或多种身体、生理或生物参数的传感器数据传送到处理数据并与治疗装置通信的外部枢纽,以作为传感器数据的函数提供疗法(例如,神经调节、神经刺激或药物递送)。在一些实施方案中,所述治疗装置可以植入人体。在一些实施方案中,所述治疗装置可以与人的皮肤接触。所述传感器装置还可以与同一个或多个装置通信的枢纽通信,以作为传感器数据的函数来改变环境。

Description

用于神经调节和刺激的方法和***
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2015年10月5日提交的美国临时申请No.62/237,214的法律规定的任何和所有权益,包括35U.S.C.§119(e)的权益,其内容通过引用整体并入本文。
关于联邦资助研究的声明
不适用。
微缩胶片附录的参考
不适用。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于监测关于一个或多个人或受试者的身体、生理和/或生物信息并且使用身体、生理或生物信息或者从身体、生理和/或生物信息得到的信息以与治疗装置和/或环境***和装置相互作用的方法和***。更具体地,所述***可以包括一个或多个传感器,其检测一个或多个人或受试者的状况并且使用该信息来改变***或与***通信的装置的操作。
背景技术
许多现有的健康和健康助手利用传感器来检测和记录关于人或受试者的各种身体和生理信息。这些装置使用诸如加速计等传感器来测量移动并且存储该信息以用于随后以各种形式呈现给佩戴该装置的人或其他人(例如他们的教练)。这些装置通过使使用者能够查看历史信息并且使用该信息做出后续决定来帮助进行训练。
其他***利用身体佩戴或携带的装置来提供某种形式的方便的环境控制。通常被称为家庭自动化的***利用从智能电话或类似装置获得的信息来自动化家庭环境的一些控制。例如,一些恒温器包括检测房间或区域中是否存在人的传感器,并通过自动减少区域的加热或冷却直到检测到活动来尝试降低能源成本。其他恒温器***可以利用从智能手机获得的位置信息来确定何时以及如何控制家庭的加热和冷却。当***检测到人离开家时,恒温器自动关闭或关闭加热或冷却***,直到人移动到距离家的预定距离内,此时恒温器打开加热或冷却***以使家对于到来的人舒适。
发明内容
本发明涉及适于作为一个或多个人或受试者(包括动物和无生命对象)的一种或多种感测到的状况的函数来改变一种或多种环境(或控制或影响一种或多种环境条件的状态的***)或控制装置的操作的***的操作或条件的***。本发明涉及用于监测人或受试者的身体、生理和/或生物状况并且单独或与其他信息组合地使用该信息来直接或间接地影响或控制一种或多种环境因素(例如,加热、冷却、湿度、光)或者***或装置(例如,提供电刺激、光刺激、热刺激、神经刺激、超声刺激和/或药物递送)的操作的方法。
根据本发明,一个或多个人和/或受试者可以由指示一些或所有人和/或受试者的一种或多种状况的一个或多个感测装置来监测。所述状况可以包括身体状况,如人或受试者或者人或受试者的一部分(例如,手臂、腿、手、脚或头)的位置和运动。所述状况可以包括生理或生物状况,如人或受试者的功能和/或过程的机械、物理、热、生物和/或生化方面。所述状况可以包括心理、情绪和精神状况,如作为机械、物理、热、生物和/或生化感测到的状况的函数而确定的情绪、集中、注意力、抑郁和警戒。
关于一个或多个人或受试者的感测到的状况信息可以被收集和处理或分析并将其用作输入或用于选择或改变控制人或受试者的环境的控制***的输入,或者与人或受试者相关的机器或装置(例如,提供治疗或疗法)。
所述***可以利用一种或多种算法(例如,计算机程序、功能或过程)来确定是否改变环境或者***或装置的操作。例如,所述算法可以利用表征状况的数据(例如,诸如速率、速度或加速度等运动信息、温度、ExG信号)作为控制***或装置的至少一部分操作的功能或控制***的输入。在另一个示例中,所述算法可以将表示一种或多种感测到的状况的一个或多个参数与预定的阈值(或范围)进行比较,并且基于比较的结果,不采取进一步的行动或继续与控制***交互作用以引起环境或装置的操作的变化。根据本发明的一些实施方案,所述***可以利用一种或多种算法来确定或选择用于控制环境的变化的算法(例如,夏季或冬季控制算法)或确定用于控制装置的操作(例如,温和条件神经刺激算法、严重条件神经刺激算法、日间神经刺激算法或夜间神经刺激算法)。这些算法也被称为操作配置文件。
根据一些实施方案,根据一种或多种算法,所述***可以包括附加数据作为输入以确定是否与控制***交互作用以引起环境或者***或装置的操作的变化。附加数据可以包括从本地和/或远程源获得的数据,如环境数据(例如,温度、气压、湿度、风速和风向)、一天中的时间、环境噪声水平(例如,音乐播放或背景噪声的水平)以及环境光线水平(例如,一天中的时间、灯是否亮起、外面是晴天还是阴天)。所述***可以使用逻辑树或一组规则来处理这些数据值,以确定是否与控制***交互作用以引起环境或装置的操作的变化。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,根据一种或多种算法,所述***可以确定一个或多个参数的趋势或变化率,并且使用变化率来预测当特定参数可能超过阈值并需要干预时的未来事件时间。所述***还可以在事件时间之前一次或多次地检查参数,以确认特定参数的变化率没有发生变化并且事件时间也不需要改变。在参数的变化率已经改变的情况下,事件时间可以使用新的变化率或作为两个或更多个先前确定的变化率的函数来重新计算。根据本发明的一些实施方案,所述***可以在事件时间之前与控制***交互作用,以便在特定参数接近阈值水平之前引起环境或装置的操作的变化。
根据一些实施方案,所述***可以确定控制***可以改变环境或装置的操作的程度的度量。例如,所述***可以确定度数以增加或减少恒温器的设定点温度,以经过预定时间使环境温度增加或降低,而不是简单地将温度增加预定值(例如,将温度升高5度)、然后监测一组条件以确定稍后是增加还是降低温度。根据本发明的一些实施方案,所述***可以考虑***或被控制的装置的操作特性。根据本发明的一些实施方案,所述***可以向植入装置(例如,起搏器、深部脑刺激器、迷走神经刺激器、胫骨神经刺激器、脊髓刺激器、外周神经刺激器、经颅磁刺激器、药物输注泵)无线地提供关于生物测量学、身体运动和生理学的信息,这样可以基于这些信息调整其操作模式。例如,对于深部脑刺激装置,电流和刺激频率的量可以作为由可佩带***记录的震颤量来确定和调整。引起震颤发生率最低的设置可以优先编程作为反馈回路的一部分。在另一个示例中,对于恒温器,可以确定在给定现有环境条件的情况下将房间加热或冷却到特定温度所需的时间量,以便可以在事件最后期限之前启动加热或冷却动作,所以期望的温度在事件最后期限或之前发生。类似地,对于机动车辆,所述***可以确定开始转弯的时间(例如,以避免撞到障碍物)或者启动停止的时间(例如,以考虑由于路况导致的停止距离)。
在阅读下面的附图、详细说明和权利要求书之后,将更全面地理解本发明的这些和其他能力以及本发明本身。
附图说明
并入本说明书中的附图示出了本发明的一个或多个示例性实施方案,并且与详细说明一起用于解释这些发明的原理和应用。附图和详细说明是说明性的,并且旨在便于理解本发明及其应用,而不限制本发明的范围。说明性实施方案可以在不脱离本发明精神和范围的情况下进行改变和调整。
图1是根据本发明一些实施方案的***的框图。
图2是根据本发明一些实施方案的***的框图。
图3是根据本发明一些实施方案的感测装置的框图。
图4是根据本发明一些实施方案的治疗装置的框图。
图5示出了显示根据本发明一些实施方案的感测装置位置和治疗装置位置的示例的图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及适于作为一个或多个人或受试者的一种或多种感测到的状况的函数来改变一种或多种环境或***的操作或条件的***和方法。根据本发明,一个或多个人和/或受试者可以由指示一些或所有人和/或受试者的一种或多种状况的一个或多个感测装置来监测。所述状况可以包括身体状况,如人或受试者或者人或受试者的一部分的位置和运动。所述状况可以包括生理或生物状况,如人或受试者的生物和生理功能和/或过程的机械、物理、热和/或生化方面。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,感测到的状况信息可以用于改变***(例如,一个装置或一组装置)的操作,例如,以使计算机程序、功能或过程被执行或者改变正在执行的程序、功能或过程的流程。在一个示例中,运动传感器(例如,加速计)可以检测跑步或步行的运动特征,结果,所述***可以导致脚步追踪计算机程序、功能或过程被执行,以对所采取的脚步的数量和/或行进的距离进行计数。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,感测到的状况信息可以用于改变***(例如,一个装置或一组装置)的操作,例如,以使其他传感器被激活,从而它们的数据可以用作用于监测人或受试者的新开始或正在进行的计算机程序、功能或过程的一部分。在一个示例中,温度传感器可以检测人或受试者温度的升高(例如,高于阈值或稳态身体温度),结果,***可以激活传感器以检测心率(例如,EKG)和/或呼吸,因此,作为新开始或正在进行的健康监测程序、功能或过程的一部分,开始监测心率和/或呼吸。类似地,高于指定阈值的温度升高可以触发装置(例如,与人或受试者的组织接触的治疗装置),以基于从温度传感器到治疗装置的无线信号传输,将其自身从空闲模式重新配置到刺激模式。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,感测到的状况信息可以用于使***(例如,一个装置或一组装置)与一个或多个其他***通信,从而导致这些其他***的操作的变化。例如,***可以向远程***发送信号(例如,有线或无线的),并且信号可以使远程***改变其操作或在其控制下的***的操作(例如,诸如起搏器或深部脑或脊髓刺激器等可植入式装置,或诸如安装在皮肤上的刺激或药物递送装置等可佩戴装置)。在另一个示例中,***可以检测或预测人或受试者中有问题的温度变化(例如,上升或下降到不安全的水平或范围),***可以将信号发送到恒温器,并且恒温器可以引起加热或冷却***打开或关闭或改变环境中的温度,以抵消检测到的或预测的温度。
图1示出了根据本发明一些实施方案的***100的示例。在该实施方案中,***100可以包括一个或多个感测装置110、外部枢纽130和一个或多个治疗装置170。一个或多个感测装置110可以将传感器数据或一种或多种感测到的状况传输到外部枢纽130。根据一些实施方案,外部枢纽130可以与治疗装置170通信并且使治疗装置170根据传感器数据或一种或多种感测到的状况来改变其操作。根据一些实施方案,一个或多个感测装置110可以与治疗装置170直接通信并且使治疗装置170根据传感器数据或一种或多种感测到的状况来改变其操作。例如,传感器数据可以指示人的皮肤温度,并根据皮肤温度来确定核心体温的测量。皮电反应和其他排汗量度可以用于确定热量损失,并进一步估计核心体温或估计核心体温的变化。通过监测随着时间推移的皮肤温度,感测装置110可以确定趋势,并预测或预期何时人体温度将高于或降低至低于预定阈值(例如,危险状况)。这种趋势信息可以用于控制环境控制***,以选择更适合于满足***的期望目标(例如,适于通过冷却或加热环境来降低或升高人体温度)的变化率(例如,加热或冷却的变化率)。此外,感测装置110可以连续地监测皮肤温度并且根据人的皮肤温度或核心体温来连续调节环境温度。
任选的分析***140也可以与***100连接。根据一些实施方案,分析***140可以与外部枢纽130一起一体化为集成***120,其中外部枢纽130和分析***140的功能由集成***120提供或在***中操作,就好像它们是集成***120的一部分一样。根据本发明的一些实施方案,外部枢纽130和分析***140可以是通过诸如因特网等网络连接的单独的***。分析***140可以与外部枢纽130通信。例如,分析***140可以例如经由诸如因特网等网络从外部枢纽130接收数据(例如,传感器数据或状况信息)。分析***140还可以向外部枢纽130提供命令。外部枢纽130可以将命令发送到感测装置110,并且感测装置110可以将命令发送到治疗装置170。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,***100可以任选地包括靶向装置150和/或控制器160。控制器160可以直接或间接与靶向装置150连接并用于控制靶向装置150。
感测装置110可以是能够检测或测量物理、生理或生物功能的任何装置,并且***100中可以包括一个以上的感测装置。各感测装置110可以构造有一个或多个控制器或微控制器,如在芯片微控制器上的低功率***、相关联的存储器和诸如电池等电源。控制器可以构造成运行一个或多个数字信号处理算法和/或原始数据信号处理算法。各感测装置110可以包括一个或多个传感器,如加速计、陀螺仪、温度传感器、皮电反应传感器、化学传感器、光(例如,可见光或不可见光)传感器、声音传感器、生物电位电极(例如,ExG,如ECG、EMG、EEG)以及其他传感器。各感测装置110可以构造成将传感器数据发送到外部枢纽130。传感器数据可以包括原始传感器信号数据、经处理的传感器信号数据(例如,过滤、缩放、分段)、信号特征(例如,主频、范围、均方根值)和算法输出(例如,跌倒检测警报、震颤评分、睡眠质量、姿势质量)。传感器数据可以包括其他信息,如元数据(例如,关于传感器装置的信息,传感器数据的日期、时间、类型以及数值范围或单位)。感测装置可以放置在人或受试者的头部、胸部、臂部、手、腿、脚和躯干上。
传感器和传感器数据类型的一些示例包括但不限于用于测量心电图(ECG)波形、心率、心率变异性、肌电图(EMG)、来自不同肌肉群(例如,胫骨前肌)的脑电图(EEG)、眼电图、皮肤电导率和皮电反应的干燥和凝胶增强电极和电极阵列;用于测量来自浅层动脉的脉冲波形和呼吸模式的应变仪;用于机械能量采集和脉冲波形测量的压电传感器和致动器;诸如热电偶和热敏电阻(用于测量核心温度和皮肤表面温度)等温度传感器、光学传感器和/或光电探测器(用于紫外线、可见光分析和/或比色法分析)、pH传感器、生物分析传感器(例如,钾、钠、钙、葡萄糖、激素、蛋白质)、化学/气体传感器(污染物、致命气体、汞)、用于捕获和分析(例如,组成和体积)包括汗液和油的皮肤分泌物的微流体传感器。其他传感器数据可以包括随着时间或频率从原始传感器数据导出的派生传感器数据(例如,派生数据)。
经处理的传感器数据可以通过各种公知的过程从原始传感器数据中导出,以去除噪声或者表征原始传感器数据的集合或单元(例如,表征为特征、记号和/或消息)。感测装置110可以包括处理器和相关联的存储器,并且执行周期性地收集传感器数据的一个或多个计算机程序。感测装置110可以包括通信***,该通信***使原始传感器数据或经处理的传感器数据能够被传输到诸如外部枢纽130等远程装置或***。通信***可以适用于提供与诸如外部枢纽130等远程装置的有线或无线通信。
各感测装置110可以采取多种形式,例如包括可以粘附到皮肤上的柔性或可拉伸的适形感测装置、可以佩戴在身体上的手镯或绑带,可以放在身体上或靠近身体的衣服或护具或板。感测装置110可以检测和测量人或受试者的身体运动。感测装置110可以检测和测量温度,如周围环境温度以及人或受试者的(例如,核心和/或皮肤表面)温度。感测装置110可以检测和测量人或受试者的脉搏、血压、皮电反应和/或血氧。感测装置110可以检测和测量生物电位(例如,EKG、EMG和EEG信号)、应变、体表温度、核心体温、汗液中的盐浓度、汗液损失率、血液微量营养素水平、汗液中的葡萄糖浓度、可见/红外/紫外辐射、接触压力、气压、皮肤应变、皮肤模量、使用超声换能器的来自人或受试者的皮下结构的图像。感测装置110可以包括致动器以传递电流(电场),以便经皮地指引纳米颗粒通过皮肤(例如,药理剂)、LED阵列(例如,UV、蓝光、近红外光或红外线),从而将光激活疗法递送到皮肤上。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,感测装置110可以是如在共同拥有的美国申请No.14/524,817中描述的皮肤安装的贴片,其通过引用并入本文。
感测装置110可以周期性地(例如,以1Hz、5Hz、10Hz、60Hz或更多)对一个或多个传感器的输出进行采样,并且如果需要,将信号转换为数字数据。数字数据可以被缓冲、存储并流式传输到一个或多个远程装置。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,治疗装置170可以与人或受试者的组织接触。组织可以是***、肌肉组织、神经组织、上皮组织或矿化组织。组织的示例包括但不限于皮肤、内部器官(例如,大脑、心脏、肝脏、***、肺、肾、胆囊、脾脏)、肌肉、骨骼、脊髓或软骨。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,治疗装置170可以是如图4所示的可植入式装置。治疗装置170可以包括控制装置的操作的控制器172、可以由控制器172控制以施加疗法的刺激部件174(例如,换能器、加热元件、光源、电极、能量源、超声换能器或药物递送装置)以及由控制器172控制的用于与诸如感测装置110和外部枢纽130等外部装置通信的通信模块176。供应商和治疗装置的示例包括:提供用于治疗癫痫的迷走神经刺激装置的CerbomedCerebralRx(FitNeS)、Cyberonics Inc.Sorin(CentroTM,ProGuardianTM和VitariaTM)和Neuropace(RNS)。其他迷走神经刺激装置包括用于治疗偏头痛的electroCore(gammaCoreTM)、用于治疗肥胖的EnteroMedics Inc.用于治疗上肢缺陷的Microtransponder用于治疗炎性疾病的SetPoint Medical(Setpoint platform)和用于治疗心力衰竭的Cyberonics Inc./Sorin SPA(VNS,EquiliaTM)。其他神经调节治疗装置包括用于调节胫神经以治疗膀胱过度活动症的Uro-Solutions(NuroTM system)、用于调节膈神经以治疗呼吸肌***Atrotech(AtrostimPNSTM)、用于调节蝶腭神经节以治疗丛集性头痛的Autonomic Technologies(PulsanteTM)、刺激颈动脉压力感受器以治疗难治性高血压的CVRx(Barostim neo)、刺激舌下神经以治疗睡眠呼吸暂停的ImThera Medical(aura6000TM)、刺激外周神经以治疗慢性疼痛的NeuImpulse(Lightpulse 100)、刺激胫神经以治疗膀胱过度活动症的nUro Inc./NuviantMedical(Synapse TM)、用于刺激骶神经以治疗膀胱过度活动症的Medtronic(InterStimII)、刺激泪腺以治疗干眼症的Oculeve/Allergan plc(OD-01)、刺激外周神经以治疗慢性疼痛的SPR Therapeutics以及刺激胫神经和骶神经以治疗膀胱过度活动症的Uroplasty Inc.(PC);用于调节脊髓以治疗慢性疼痛的神经调节治疗装置包括Boston Scientific(Precision Spectra TM,Illumina 3DTM software)、Bioness Inc.(StimRouter TM)、Medtronic(RestoreSensor,Intellis RCTM)、Nevro Corp(Senza)和St.Jude Medical(Protégé,ProclaimTM);用于调节背侧支神经或背根神经节以治疗慢性疼痛(包括腰背痛)的神经调节治疗装置包括Mainstay Medical(ReActiv8TM)、Spinal Modulation和StimWave(Freedom-4TM);用于治疗帕金森病的深部脑调节治疗装置包括Aleva Neurotherapeutics(spiderSTIMTM)、Boston Scientific(VerciseTM)、Deep Brain Innovations(TOPSTM)、Medtronic(PC)、Sapiens SBSMedtronicSt.Jude Medical(InfinityTM);用于治疗诸如阿尔茨海默氏症(Alzheimer’s)、癫痫和抑郁症等其他疾病的深部脑调节治疗装置包括FunctionalNeuromodulation(DBS-f)、Medtronic(PC)、NeuroSigma(eTNSTM)、NeuroVistaCorp(implant device)。治疗装置还可以包括以下临床试验中使用的任何装置:Cyberonics Inc.Sorin(Vagus Nerve Stimulation Clinical Outcomes MeasuredProspectively in Patients Stimulated-NCT01281293V-COMPAS)、CyberonicsInc.Sorin.(Autonomic Neural Regulation Therapy to Enhance Myocardial Functionin Heart Failure Study-NCT01823887ANTHEM-HF)、Cyberonics Inc.Sorin(VNS TherapyAutomatic Magnet Mode Outcomes Study in Epilepsy Patients Exhibiting IctalTachycardia-NCT01846741E37)、ElectroCore LLC(Vagus Nerve for the Treatment ofCluster Headache-NCT01792817)、ImThera Medical Inc.(Targeted HypoglossalNeurostimulation Study No.2-NCT01796925THN2)、Mainstay Medical(ReActiv8forChronic Low Back Pain(ReActiv8-A)-NCT01985230)、Medtronic(Stimulation of theAnterior Nucleus of the Thalamus for Epilepsy-NCT00101933SANTE)、Medtronic(APilot Study of Deep Brain Stimulation to the Lateral Habenulae in Treatment-Resistant Depression-NCT01798407)、Medtronic(DBS for TRD Medtronic Activa PC+S-NCT01984710)、Medtronic(DBS Therapy for Treatment Resistant Depression-NCT02046330)、Metavention(Complement Study-A First-in-Human Study of MetabolicNeuromodulation Therapy-NCT02278068)、MicroTransponder Inc.(Vagus NerveStimulation(VNS)with Rehabilitation for Upper Limb Function Improvement AfterStroke-NCT01669161VIVISTIM)、Scion NeuroStim(A Non-Invasive NeuromodulationDevice for Treatment of Migraine Headache-NCT01899040)、Scion NeuroStim(TheEffects of Neuromodulation on Glucose Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes-NCT02130401)、Scion NeuroStim(Caloric Vestibular Stimulation-NCT02134795)、Spinal Modulation(A Multi-Centre RCT of the Neurostimulator for theTreatment of Chronic Inguinal Pain Following Surgery(Smashing)-NCT02349659SMASHING)、St.Jude Medical(SUNBURST(Success Using Neuromodulationwith Burst)Study-NCT02011893SUNBURST)、St.Jude Medical(Chronic Pain of theTrunk and/or Limbs-NCT02143791PRODIGY-1)、Uroplasty Inc.(Prospective,Multicenter Trial to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of PercutaneousTibial Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Fecal Incontinence-NCT01666405URGENT-PC)。
治疗装置170可以是任何已知的可以与感测装置110(和/或任选地,外部枢纽130)通信并且从身体内部感测人或受试者的状况和/或将治疗或疗法应用到身体上的可植入式装置。治疗装置170可以包括起搏器、深部脑刺激装置、迷走神经刺激器、胫骨神经刺激器、脊髓刺激器、外周神经刺激器、经颅磁刺激器和/或药物输注泵。治疗装置170可以从感测装置110接收信息并且改变其操作(例如,调整起搏器心跳、调整大脑或神经刺激的水平和/或调整药物输注水平)。治疗装置170可以将信息发送到感测装置110,感测装置110和/或枢纽130可以分析或处理所接收的信息,然后向治疗装置170发送改变治疗装置的操作(例如,调整起搏器心跳、调整大脑或神经刺激的水平和/或调整药物输注水平)的命令和/或数据。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,治疗装置170也可以由人或受试者消化,使得治疗装置与人或受试者的消化道接触。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,治疗装置170也可以与人或受试者的皮肤接触。例如,治疗装置170可以是可以与感测装置110(和/或任选地,外部枢纽130)通信并感测人或受试者的状况和/或将治疗或疗法应用于身体的任何已知的可佩戴装置。可佩戴装置的示例可以是手表、腕带、贴片或眼镜的形式。可佩戴装置也可以嵌入由人或受试者穿着的服装中。该装置可以向人或受试者的身体的一部分(例如,大脑、胸部)提供刺激或经皮递送药物(例如,IontoPatch 80Transdermal Drug Delivery System,W.St.Paul,MN)。
治疗装置170可以是适用于对人或受试者施加治疗或疗法的治疗装置。治疗装置170可以包括电和/或化学致动器或刺激器。在一些实施方案中,治疗装置170可以施加电脉冲,例如,用于神经刺激或疼痛管理。在一些实施方案中,治疗装置170可以施加超声波,例如,用于神经刺激。在一些实施方案中,治疗装置170可以递送一种或多种药物,例如,其中所述的一种或多种药物被封装在治疗装置170中。在一些实施方案中,治疗装置170可以提供热刺激。在一些实施方案中,治疗装置170可以提供光刺激(例如,光基疗法)。治疗装置170可以根据来自感测装置110的传感器数据或感测到的状况来调整治疗或疗法的施加。例如,治疗装置170可以增加或减少施加于人或受试者的电脉冲的强度;治疗装置170还可以延长或缩短施加于人或受试者的电脉冲的持续时间以及治疗时间的总时长。
根据一些实施方案,感测装置110可以通过诸如外部枢纽130或外部控制器等中间装置与一个或多个治疗装置170通信。
外部枢纽130可以是智能电话或者是可以使用任何有线或无线通信频带(例如,蓝牙、WiFi、红外、ZigBee、WMTS、蜂窝数据以及工业、科学和医疗(ISM)频段通信)与感测装置110通信的其他计算机化装置。不受限制地,外部枢纽130的额外示例包括智能手表、平板电脑、个人数字助理或计算机。感测装置110和外部枢纽130可以使用工业标准通信协议或专有通信协议。外部枢纽130可以包括可以接收来自感测装置110的原始传感器数据或经处理的传感器数据的处理器和相关联的存储器,并将其存储在用于进一步处理或用于与远程***通信以进行进一步处理的诸如分析***140等存储器中。外部枢纽130可以包括一个或多个传感器(例如,加速计、GPS、温度、光)。外部枢纽130可以包括使得外部枢纽130能够与其他智能电话、计算机和诸如分析***140等***以及其他数据和信息源通信的网络接口(例如,诸如以太网等有线或者诸如WiFi或3G、4G、4G LTE移动数据等无线)。根据本发明的一些实施方案,外部枢纽130和/或分析***140可以使用分析算法来进一步分析传感器数据,该分析算法自己处理传感器数据或者与其他可用数据组合。根据本发明的一些实施方案,外部枢纽130可以分析传感器数据并且至少根据传感器数据而与另一个装置直接通信以控制该装置。例如,外部枢纽130可以接收指示诸如房间等环境中的照明水平的传感器数据(来自感测装置110或其自身的内部传感器,或这两者)并且根据感测到的照明数据,直接打开或关闭或调暗房间中的一个或多个灯。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,外部枢纽130可以分析传感器数据并且至少根据传感器数据,通过诸如单独的控制***160等接口与另一个装置间接通信,以便控制该装置。例如,外部枢纽130可以接收指示诸如房间等环境或者人或受试者中的环境温度水平的传感器数据,并且根据感测到的温度数据,直接控制房间的加热和/或冷却(例如,打开或关闭HVAC***150,或者调高或调低恒温器160的设定点温度)。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,外部枢纽130可以将原始传感器数据或经处理的传感器数据(或这两者)发送到可以处理和分析传感器数据的远程分析***140,并且分析***140可以与其他装置直接或间接通信,以控制它们和环境。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,外部枢纽130可以与远程分析***140一起处理和/或分析原始或经处理的传感器数据,任选地结合来自其他传感器的其他数据或所存储的数据、天气数据或日期和时间信息,以确定一个或多个动作。这些动作可以包括与靶向装置150通信以直接控制它或者与控制靶向装置150的远程控制器160通信。
如图1所示,根据一些实施方案,分析功能可以分布在网络或集群构成中的一个或多个外部枢纽130上以形成分布式处理***120,从而提供传感器(任选地,其他数据)的分布式处理。根据一些实施方案,分析功能可以分布在分布式网络或集群***构成120中的外部枢纽130和一个或多个计算机***或集群(例如,其他外部枢纽130和/或分析***140)上,从而提供传感器(任选地,其他数据)的分布式处理。组成集群的每个计算机***可以使用有线集群互连技术和/或无线通信技术(例如,以太网、WiFi、诸如GSM、3G、4G和4G LTE等移动数据)或其他网络通信技术进行通信。网络可以包括诸如一个或多个线路、交换机、枢纽、无线接入点和路由器等网络装置,以实现装置和***之间的通信。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,外部枢纽130可以被构造成使用有线或无线通信(例如,红外、以太网、蓝牙、WiFi、ZigBee、WMTS、蜂窝数据以及工业、科学和医疗(ISM)频段通信)与一个或多个靶向装置150直接通信。根据本发明的一些实施方案,外部枢纽130可以被构造成使用有线或无线通信(例如,红外、以太网、蓝牙、WiFi、ZigBee、WMTS、蜂窝数据以及工业、科学和医疗(ISM)频段通信)与一个或多个控制器160直接通信。可以使用开放或专有的接口或者应用编程接口(API)来对控制器160进行控制,以控制靶向装置150。
分析***140可以包括被构造成接收感测数据的一个或多个计算机。感测数据可以由外部枢纽130通过公共或专用网络传输到分析***140。根据一些实施方案,外部枢纽130充当根据预定的指令或构成而将传感器数据转发到分析***140的网关。分析***140例如可以是可以根据预定的分析方法或过程接收、存储和分析传感器数据的大数据服务器(例如,基于Hadoop或其他分析引擎)。根据一些实施方案,作为预定的分析方法或过程的结果,分析***140可以生成一个或多个命令和/或数据,并将这些命令和/或数据中的一个或多个发送到外部枢纽130、靶向装置150或控制器160。该命令可以用于控制或改变外部枢纽130、靶向装置150或控制器160的操作。
根据一些实施方案,外部枢纽130可以将一个或多个命令(例如,执行某些功能或操作的指令,或者已经开始或完成功能或操作的确认)和/或数据(例如,传感器数据、使用者数据和环境数据)发送到分析***140。分析***140可以解释并响应命令,例如,检索数据或处理数据或改变分析***140处理数据的方式。该响应可以包括命令(例如,确认或指令)和/或数据(例如,请求的数据或信息、分析结果或其他传感器数据)。外部枢纽130可以使用该数据通过外部枢纽130上的算法进行进一步分析,或者确定是否应该将一个或多个命令和/或数据发送到靶向装置150或控制器160。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,靶向装置150可以包括可以与外部枢纽130直接通信的装置。因此,靶向装置150例如可以是灯开关、电器(例如,电视、冰箱、洗碗机或洗衣机)、车库开门器、门锁、有人或无人机动车辆(例如,汽车、卡车、火车、轮船或飞机)、计算机、可编程控制器、音响***、环境控制***(例如,HVAC***、加热***、冷却***、加湿***、除湿***)、家庭自动化***和通信***(例如,语音/电话、文本消息、电子邮件、传真和聊天)。根据本发明的一些实施方案,控制器160例如可以是家庭自动化控制器(例如,用于控制靶向装置150,如灯、HVAC、车库门、门锁、电器和音响***)、HVAC控制器(例如,恒温器)、家庭娱乐***、调度***(例如,调度机动车辆、人员和/或服务)和机动车辆控制***(例如,控制车辆操作,包括方向和导航、安全和车辆环境控制)。
图2示出了根据本发明一些实施方案的***200。在该实施方案中,***200可以包括一个或多个感测装置110、外部枢纽130、一个或多个治疗装置170以及任选的靶向装置150和/或控制器160。治疗装置170可以通过网络120与***中的其他装置直接通信。任选的分析***140也可以与***200连接。外部枢纽130可以被构造成通过公共网络120(例如,LAN或WAN,如因特网)与靶向装置150、控制器160和任选的分析***140通信。控制器160可以直接或间接连接到靶向装置150并用于控制该靶向装置。***200可以包括与***100相同的许多部件并且与***100类似地操作。
虽然一个感测装置110示出为与外部枢纽130直接连接,但是在本发明的替代实施方案中,一个或多个感测装置110(例如,由人或受试者佩戴的一个或多个感测装置以及任选地未由人或受试者佩戴的一个或多个感测装置)可以通过公共网络120与外部枢纽130连接。外部枢纽130可以通过公共网络120与一个或多个感测装置110、一个或多个分析***140、靶向装置150和控制器通信。这使得诸如分析***140和外部枢纽130等外部装置能够与治疗装置170直接通信以发送命令并直接接收来自治疗装置170的数据。
在根据本发明的一些实施方案的操作中,来自感测装置110的传感器数据由外部枢纽130接收。传感器数据可以任选地存储在存储器中。传感器数据可以经由网络120发送到分析***140用于进行后续处理。根据一些实施方案,可以根据确定与传感器数据相关的一个或多个状况是否符合一个或多个指定标准的一种或多种算法或过程来处理传感器数据。这可以通过将一个或多个状况与预定阈值进行比较并根据比较采取行动(或不采取行动)来实现。例如,如果受试者的体温(例如,根据来自感测装置110的传感器数据)低于第一预定阈值并且环境温度(例如,根据外部枢纽130或控制器160中的数据)低于第二预定阈值,则***100或200可以通过向恒温器或家庭自动化控制器(例如,控制器160)发送命令以使加热***开启并使环境温度升高预定的量或使空调***关闭以使环境变暖而使环境温度增加第一增量。如果在环境温度增加第一预定的量之后受试者的体温没有增加,则***将向恒温器或家庭自动化控制器发送第二命令以使加热***开启(如果需要的话)且使环境温度升高第二预定的量(其可以与第一预定的量相同)或使空调***关闭或停止以使环境变暖。经过一段时间或多次加热循环后,如果受试者的体温未升高,则***将向家庭消息或护理提供者发送警报消息。
根据一些实施方案,可以根据确定与传感器数据相关的一个或多个状况是否满足一个或多个指定标准(例如,阈值)或者未来可能符合一个或多个指定标准的一种或多种算法或过程来对传感器数据进行处理。这可以通过推断现有数据或分析数据中的趋势来完成,以确定未来的一个或多个状况的预测值并将预测值与预定阈值进行比较。例如,如果如所记录的温度随着时间降低所证明的,受试者的体温正在下降,则基于所确定的变化率,算法可以确定警告时间,例如,在当前环境状况(例如,当前环境温度)下受试者的体温下降到预定阈值以下将花费的时间量。使用诸如加热***的加热效率或加温速率(例如,当关闭空调时)等其他信息,算法可以确定升温时间,例如,加热***需要多长时间才能使环境升温(例如,使环境温度升高)第一量。如果警告时间大于升温时间,则***100,200可以等待小于警告时间和升温时间之差的一定时间并检查受试者的体温。可选择地,***100,200可以开始升高热量(或保持空调关闭),并且监测受试者体温的任何变化并且根据受试者的体温是否持续下降或者是否开始上升来增加或降低环境温度。
图3示出了根据本发明的感测装置110的一个实施方案。根据本发明的一些实施方案,感测装置110可以包括安装在装置岛310上的多个部件,其中各装置岛310可以通过柔性互连件320与相邻装置岛310连接,使得感测装置110能够弯曲和拉伸并符合不规则的表面,如人或受试者身体的表面。感测装置110可以封装在诸如硅树脂或PDMS等柔性或可拉伸材料中。感测装置110可以包括使得感测装置能够粘附到人或受试者的皮肤或物体的表面的粘合材料。感测装置110可以任选地包括一个或多个使用者界面部件,如使得使用者或人能够使用视觉、听觉和感觉提示与装置交互的按钮、灯(例如,LED)、显示器、扬声器或振动器。这些使用者界面部件可以例如通过经由LED和振动电机的视觉和触觉输出功能而用于直接向使用者提供操作、构成和生物测量性能反馈。
感测装置110可以包括处理器111和相关联的存储器112以及充当电源的电池113。感应线圈113A可以用于向电池113充电。感测装置110可以包括一个或多个传感器,包括加速计114、ExG(例如,EKG、ECG、EMG或EEG)传感器115、陀螺仪116和一个或多个电极117(在图3所示的装置的背面上)。感测装置110还可以包括无线收发器118(例如,诸如蓝牙TM、WiFi、移动数据等)和天线118A,以使感测装置110能够与外部枢纽130和治疗装置170通信。
根据一些实施方案,存储器112可以存储一个或多个计算机程序,包括操作***(例如,Linux)以及可以用于控制感测装置110的操作的一个或多个应用程序、功能和处理。一个或多个程序、功能或过程可以用于收集加速计和/或陀螺仪数据,其包括1,2或3维的运动和加速度信息以及温度数据。一个或多个程序、功能或过程可以用于从ExG传感器收集ExG数据形式的生物电位。ExG数据可以包括表示以下生物电位信号中的至少一个的数据:心电图(例如,EKG或ECG)信号、肌电图(例如,EMG)信号或脑电图信号(例如,EEG),取决于一个或多个程序、功能或过程如何构成ExG传感器115。感测装置110可以包括一个或多个电极117,其可以放置成与皮肤接触以接收这些信号。根据本发明的一些实施方案,可以使用EKG数据来确定心率和心率变异性以及恢复率,并且可以使用EMG数据来确定肌肉活化。
在操作中,可以使用一个或多个程序、功能或过程来构造感测装置110,以收集原始传感器数据并将数据存储在存储器112中。根据一些实施方案,在处理器111上运行的一个或多个程序、功能或过程可以处理和/或分析原始传感器数据并且例如通过过滤原始数据以去除噪声和/或伪像和/或使原始传感器数据归一化来生成经处理的传感器数据。根据一些实施方案,可以通过对一个或多个数据样本集合进行计算描述性分析(例如,最小值、最大值、平均值、中值、模式值、标准偏差和方差值,以及更高的时刻如峰度)来进一步处理原始传感器数据和/或经处理的传感器数据,并将这些值与较大群体的相关个体的可比较值或在同一个体上收集的先前测量值进行比较。根据一些实施方案,可以对原始传感器数据或经处理的传感器数据进行进一步处理以提取信号的特定特征或特性,如主频率、范围、均方根值、相关系数、心率、呼吸率、节奏等。可以使用一种或多种算法(例如,决策树、状态机和/或线性/逻辑回归)对特征进行进一步处理,以检测或预测事件(例如,活动类型、跌倒、摔倒、痉挛、震颤)或者检测或预测状态(例如,精神状态、精神状况和/或态度)。根据一些实施方案,原始传感器数据可以被转换成代表两个或更多个原始传感器数据值(例如,感测到的状况)的记号或符号。可以当从传感器元件接收到原始传感器数据时对原始传感器数据进行实时处理,或者可以在接收到预定数量的原始传感器数据值之后以块的形式对其进行处理。原始数据和经处理的数据可以存储在存储器112中,直到其被传输到远程装置。
感测装置110可以通过处理原始数据以确定例如活动类型检测、活动特定或身体部位特定的性能指标、手势识别、姿势质量以及睡眠质量来处理数据,以生成一个或多个更高阶的生物特征。感测装置110可以接收和处理引起装置改变其用于收集、处理和报告传感器数据的构成和/或操作的外部命令,包括打开或关闭各种传感器组合、改变采样率和测量范围、改变缓冲和过滤方案以及将不同的数字信号处理和算法应用于原始传感器输出,从而产生不同的数据流和/或围绕活动追踪、活动性能和活动质量数据的不同的高阶生物特征组。基于所确定的生物特征和/或其他数据,感测装置110可以基于算法或一组规则来选择对于已经检测到的特定活动或体外位置而言最佳的感测模态,并且自动改变其用于收集、处理和报告传感器数据的构成和/或操作,包括打开或关闭各种传感器组合、改变采样率和测量范围、改变缓冲和过滤方案以及将不同的数字信号处理和算法应用于原始传感器输出,从而产生不同的数据流和/或围绕活动追踪、活动性能和活动质量数据的不同的高阶生物特征组。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,当感测装置110使用例如无线收发器118(例如,蓝牙TM、WiFi或Zigbee)与外部枢纽130或治疗装置170连接时,可以使用无线收发器118将原始传感器数据和/或经处理的传感器数据传输到外部枢纽130或治疗装置170并存储在外部枢纽130或治疗装置170的存储器中。根据本发明的一些实施方案,传感器数据可以由外部枢纽130或治疗装置170传输到分析***140,用于长期存储和进一步分析。
***100,200可以被构造成启用许多不同的数据流。根据本发明的一些实施方案,原始数据或经处理的传感器数据和度量可以通过外部枢纽130或治疗装置170从感测装置110流到分析***140或与分析***140相关联的数据存储***。传感器数据(例如,原始的或经处理的)可以被预先过滤、调节、操纵或与外部枢纽130内的其他数据组合。传感器数据(例如,原始的或经处理的)也可以被过滤、调节或与数据存储和分析***140内的其他数据组合,并且可以用于调节由治疗装置170(例如,神经刺激装置或药物递送***)递送的电/声/光/神经调节和/药物疗法。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,经处理的传感器数据或其他数据可以通过外部枢纽130或治疗装置170从数据存储和分析***140流动并流回到感测装置110。经处理的数据(例如,命令、控制指令或诸如用于***升级和更新的软件和算法等更高阶的信息)可以从数据存储和分析***140流到外部枢纽130或治疗装置170,并且通过外部枢纽130或治疗装置170流到感测装置110。数据可以被过滤、解释、验证和/或与智能装置内的其他数据组合。数据也可以被过滤、解释、验证和/或与感测装置110内的其他数据组合。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,原始数据或经处理的传感器数据(度量)可以通过数据存储和分析***140(任选地通过外部枢纽130)从感测装置110流到一个或多个外部***,如机器、装置、可植入式装置和环境控制***。经处理的数据(例如,命令、控制指令或诸如用于***升级和更新的软件和算法等更高阶的信息)可以从数据存储和分析***140流到外部机器或装置(例如,锻炼装置、动力工具、机动化车辆)和/或环境控制***(例如,环境温度控制***、照明或警告和警报***)。数据可以被过滤、翻译、验证和/或与外部机器、装置或环境控制***内的其他数据组合。数据也可以被过滤、翻译、验证和/或与感测装置110内的其他数据组合。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,诸如感测装置110等身体佩戴适形传感器可以用于定量或定性地测量来自人体的各种不同的健康参数。感测装置110可以固定到人或受试者的身体的任何位置,包括但不限于前额、太阳穴、颈部、肩膀、胸部、上臂、前臂、腕部、手部、腹部、腰部、小腿、脚踝、臀部、大腿和足部。根据身***置和感测装置110中包括的传感器的位置,由感测装置110测量的特定生理学和生物学参数可以是不同的(参见表1)。应该注意的是,在单一位置处的感测装置110可以测量一个或多个生理学和生物学参数。
图5示出了根据本发明一些实施方案的感测装置110放置位置和治疗装置170放置位置的示例的图。例如,治疗装置170可以放置或植入身体的任何位置中以提供疗法的最佳应用,该位置例如是迷走神经、膈神经、舌下神经、任何外周神经、大脑(例如,深部脑刺激)、脊髓、背侧支神经、背根神经节、巴罗受体(例如,颈动脉、动脉、心肺)以及任何身体器官(例如,膀胱、脾脏、肝脏、肾脏、***、胆囊、结肠和泪腺)。表1示出了根据感测装置110的位置测量的示例性生理学和生物学参数。
表1
可以由感测装置110测量的生理学和生物学参数可以包括生物电位,如ECG、EMG、EEG和呼吸以及与运动相关的加速度和角速度。ECG信号可以用于确定心率、心率变异性和恢复率。另外,ECG信号可以用于确定与心脏功能相关的异常(例如,癫痫和/或心律失常,包括心动过速、心动过缓、心房颤动、心房扑动和/或室上性心动过速)。EMG信号可以用于确定肌肉活化(例如,收缩、痉挛、震颤、僵硬、肌病和/或肌肉萎缩症)。EEG信号可以用于测量大脑活动并确定情绪和姿态。原始加速计信号可以转换为信号参数或诸如在特定频带内的频率内容、加速度矢量振幅、加速度矢量方向随着时间而变化等特征,并且这些特征可以与诸如心率、呼吸率以及与步行、跑步、身体活动、姿势、震颤、咳嗽、打鼾、虚弱和跌倒相关的运动等相关度量相关联。加速计信号例如也可以用于检测和/或测量癫痫、步态和平衡问题、步数和/或节奏、能量消耗(与心率和/或呼吸率一起)、运动范围以及其他活动类型(例如,游泳、骑自行车、划船、投掷、摆动、踢腿、拳打等)。
这些参数可以用于检测或预测医疗状况和/或用作个体一般健康和安康的指标。根据本发明的一些实施方案,包括可佩戴身体传感器的***可以与信息网关(例如,外部枢纽130)连接以控制使用者附近的一组外部装置。该***可以协调一致地提供影响个体安康的响应行动。例如,可植入神经调节装置170可以被构造和控制成根据由可佩戴身体传感器110捕获的信号来递送疗法。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,通过检测由胸腔的运动和在胸壁上感测到的心脏的节律运动(心率)产生的机械振动,由固定到胸部的适形感测装置110捕获的加速计数据可以用于检测和记录多个生理信号,包括心率、呼吸、休息时的咳嗽。图5示出了原始加速计数据(顶部)和直接映射到呼吸频率和振幅的过滤加速计数据(中间和底部)的比较。图6示出了显示取决于低频呼吸模式包络的高频心跳突发的原始加速计数据(顶部)以及显示映射到呼吸模式的低频振荡模式的过滤加速计数据(中间和底部)的分解图。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,心跳信息可以从加速计信号的高频部分导出,并且呼吸信息可以从加速计信号的低频部分导出。例如,为了导出心率信息,原始加速计数据可以通过具有2Hz的高通截止频率和45Hz的低通截止频率的带通滤波器进行过滤。接着,通过取每个轴的平方和的平方根来确定X、Y和Z轴的合成。为了放大高频分量,接着对信号进行区分。然后,差分信号由具有自适应阈值的状态机处理以检测心跳并使用Pan-Tompkins或类似算法计算心率。参见,Pan,Jiapu;Tompkins,Willis J.,“A Real-Time QRS DetectionAlgorithm”,Biomedical Engineering,IEEE Transactions on,vol.BME-32,no.3,pp.230,236,March 1985,其通过引用并入本文。
例如,为了导出呼吸率信息,可以使用具有2Hz截止频率的低通滤波器对原始加速计信号进行滤波。呼吸率可以基于下列出版物中描述的方法来估算:A.Bates,M.J.Ling,J.Mann and D.K.Arvind“Respiratory Rate and Flow Waveform Estimation from Tri-axial Accelerometer Data”,Proc.Int.Conf.on Wearable and Implantable BodySensor Networks,pages 144-150,Singapore,June 2010。
根据本发明的柔性或可拉伸的感测装置110可以用于睡眠质量分析和治疗。睡眠质量分析(例如,睡眠研究)通常需要多个生物测量数据流来确定睡眠状态,包括清醒状态、轻度睡眠、深度睡眠和快速眼动睡眠。在现有技术中,这些睡眠研究倾向于使用有线传感器来收集来自患者的包括呼吸速率/模式、心率/心脏变异性、滚动频率、运动、EEG和其他参数的多个数据流,以评估睡眠质量。根据本发明的一些实施方案,根据本发明的一个或多个柔性或可拉伸的适形感测装置110可以用于监测多个睡眠参数(呼吸、心率、滚动频率和温度),其中加速度传感器容纳在对感测由呼吸和心跳引起的非常小的机械扰动足够敏感的非常柔软和可拉伸的包装中。根据本发明的一些实施方案,单一适形感测装置110可以粘附到胸部以仅使用加速计传感器来检测呼吸、心率、滚动频率和温度。传感器数据可以无线传输到存储加速计传感器数据的智能电话或通信枢纽103,并且可以将传感器数据转发到远程计算机***以用于后续分析。根据本发明的一些实施方案,可以使用两个或更多个适形感测装置110。第一适形感测装置110可以粘附到胸部以仅使用加速计传感器来检测呼吸、心率、滚动频率和温度,并且第二适形感测装置110可以粘附到头部并且使用ExG传感器来检测除了由第一适形感测装置110收集的加速计数据之外的EEG数据。
加速计数据和任选的EEG数据可以由外部枢纽130和/或分析***140处理和分析,以确定人或受试者的睡眠状态。在一个实施方案中,治疗装置170可以是植入式电刺激器装置以治疗过度活跃膀胱综合征。可穿戴传感器数据可以测量睡眠质量并且向治疗装置170递送反馈以矫正过度活跃膀胱综合征。该信息可以用于控制治疗装置170或者人或受试者正在睡觉的房间中的外部环境因素以改善睡眠质量。这些环境因素包括房间中的环境温度、湿度、噪声(例如,音乐和环境噪声)以及光(例如,光频率和振幅)。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,***可以监测一个或多个治疗装置170或外部环境因素,包括房间中的环境温度、湿度、噪声(例如,音乐和环境噪声)、光(例如,光频率和振幅)和床的牢固性,同时记录加速计数据和任选的EEG数据。加速计数据和任选的EEG数据可以用于检测和识别夜间人或受试者所经历的睡眠状态。该***可以改变一种或多种环境因素并观察它如何影响各种睡眠状态的持续时间。例如,在深度睡眠或快速眼动睡眠期间,外部枢纽130可以增加或降低环境温度和/或床的牢固性,并观察这些环境参数的变化是否引起深度睡眠或快速眼动睡眠的持续时间增加。在另一个示例中,外部枢纽130可以使用加速计数据和任选的EEG数据来策略性地选择在高质量睡眠状态期间要播放的背景声音和/或音乐,以诱导深度睡眠和/或快速眼动睡眠以及诱导这些睡眠状态的持续时间更长。根据一些实施方案,可以选择音乐转换(例如,风格/节拍/幅度的改变)以在预先安排的唤醒时间内及时地将受试者从深度睡眠中转变出来。
根据一些实施方案,***100可以(a)在样本或更大量的使用者中建立描述音乐和/或声音的参数(例如,风格、节奏流派和/或频率含量等)与指示深度睡眠的参数(例如,低心率和呼吸频率、较低的核心体温、较少的运动等)之间的相关性,(b)在样本或更大量的使用者中建立描述音乐和/或声音的参数(例如,风格、节奏流派和/或频率含量等)与指示轻度睡眠(例如,更快的心率和呼吸率、更高的核心体温、更多的运动等)的参数之间的相关性,以及(c)控制声音环境(例如,所选择的声音的风格、节奏流派和/或频率含量)以相应地促进或诱导睡眠状态(例如,进入睡眠、进入深度睡眠、进入较轻的睡眠和/或唤醒),如基于特定受试者的目标所期望的。
音乐和声音可以用于影响人或受试者的精神状态(例如,增加或减少唤醒),从而影响生理学(例如,增加或减少的HR、皮电反应或呼吸率)。例如,如果个体试图冥想,那么可穿戴传感器可以监测心率、呼吸和皮电反应以确定精神状态(例如,放松或激动以及趋势或状态变化)并选择有镇定作用的歌曲/音乐。根据一些实施方案,如果所确定的生理响应(例如,如由心率、呼吸率和皮电反应所测量的)指示所选歌曲正在(或在过去已经)发挥期望效果,则歌曲/音乐/声音将继续播放,并且任何后续的歌曲/音乐/声音将被选择为具有相似的特征。另一方面,如果没有达到期望的响应,则***将选择不同的流派/类型的歌曲/音乐/声音。随着时间的推移,算法可以学习选择歌曲/音乐/声音或歌曲/音乐/声音的类型,这更有可能帮助个人冥想,从而变得更加个性化。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,在用于检测可以伴随哮喘或COPD或睡眠呼吸暂停事件和肺炎的呼气肌肉的呼吸******中,***可以使用柔性或可拉伸的适形感测装置110。感测装置110可以使用加速计来监测呼吸功能以检测呼吸率、呼吸率变异性、呼吸深度、作为身体部位的函数的呼吸和/或指示可能对生活质量、睡眠质量等产生不利影响的诸如哮喘、打鼾、睡眠暂停等问题的各种呼吸模式,并从中导出统计数据(例如,短期和长期波动、方差)。如果检测到呼吸麻痹或即将发生呼吸***迹象,则外部枢纽130可以引起环境变化,如增加房间中的氧气和/或氮气水平,使得外部枢纽130将事件记录在摄像机或者将程序或应用呈现给训练人有节奏地呼吸或使人有节奏地呼吸(例如,使用音乐或其他有组织的声音,如简单的音调或节拍)的人。根据一些实施方案,通过将睡眠相关度量(例如,基于心率、呼吸、运动和温度的度量)的实时测量与特定的受试者或者样本或更大量的类似的受试者的正常基线(并测试其偏差)进行比较,以及通过将这种实时测量与设定为已含有指示某些异常的模式和度量的数据库进行比较,可以检测到异常的呼吸模式。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,***可以用于评估脊柱的电刺激,作为改善心力衰竭的临床体征和症状的方法。治疗装置170可以是类似于心脏起搏器的可植入式脉冲发生器(IPG)或神经刺激器。利用导线或电线,治疗装置170可以连接到脊髓以传递低强度电脉冲。一个或多个感测装置110可以用于监测心脏相关度量(例如,心率、心率变异性、呼吸率、呼吸率变异性、肌电位、运动、步幅长度、肢体和胸部中的体液潴留)。然后,可以通过将从一个或多个感测装置110获得的数据与正常基线进行比较来确定电刺激方法的功效。来自一个或多个感测装置110的传感器数据还可以促使治疗装置170改变电脉冲的强度和/或持续时间。可以通过使用由一个或多个感测装置110获得的数据来评估电脉冲的强度和/或持续时间的这种变化的影响。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,当多发性硬化(MS)患者由于例如核心体温的升高而经历暂时的症状恶化时,***可以用于自动改变多发性硬化(MS)患者的环境。根据本发明的***可以包括感测装置110,其可以检测核心体温以及MS相关症状(如步态和平衡)的恶化。加速计数据可以用于检测核心体温的上升以及相关的步态和/或平衡的不利变化。根据本发明的一些实施方案,通过测量在步行期间相关的暂时参数(例如,步幅时间、步幅时间变异性、摆动期间的峰值角速度、双倍支持时间)和空间参数(例如,步幅长度、飞跃路径的平滑度、不对称性、离地净高),可以检测和测量步态的不利变化。通过测量过渡时间(例如,坐-站、躺-坐)、站立时质心的摆动区域、摔倒/跌倒的频率和姿势,可以检测平衡的不利变化。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,***可以用于监测核心体温、步态和平衡,以识别体温变化与MS相关症状(如步态和平衡)的恶化之间的一种或多种关系。感测到的体温、步态和平衡可以用于确定何时向恒温器发送信号以自动调节房间内的环境温度或照明,从而自动改善患者的安康状况。例如,在诸如多发性硬化等疾病中,在核心体温与疾病症状的暂时恶化之间存在强烈的因果关系。根据本发明的一些实施方案,传感器装置可以使用加速计数据来检测与步态和/或平衡相关的测量中的变化(例如,劣化或变化),并使用温度传感器来检测和测量体温的增加,并且温度传感器被编程为通过向恒温器发送信号来降低环境温度而对这些状况的变化作出响应。随着时间的推移,***将学习这种个体使用者的关系,以将此响应优化为防止/最小化未来的不良事件。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,***可以用于监测癫痫和中风患者,以检测在夜间发生的癫痫事件。这些夜间癫痫通常难以诊断和表征,因为它们并未直接被护理人员或临床医生看到。***可以监测包括HR、呼吸率和运动的参数,以建立指示此类癫痫的数学模型或概况。根据本发明的一些实施方案,***可以检测来自加速计数据的夜间癫痫并产生预定的动作,如向家庭成员或护理者发送警报(例如,可听警报、文本消息或电话消息)、启动视频记录装置以捕获事件用于作出回顾性医疗决策或控制照明***以减轻癫痫的影响。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,***可以用于帮助具有帕金森病(PD)、多发性硬化(MS)、亨廷顿舞蹈病(Huntington’s disease)、特发性震颤、抑郁症、ADHD和OCD的患者,其可能由于如震颤、动作迟缓(迟钝)和运动障碍(不自主跳动)等运动症状而难以进行每日常见的活动。这些活动包括吃饭、使用电脑(鼠标/键盘)和驾驶。根据本发明的一些实施方案,***可以用于监测和测量由于PD或MS症状引起的运动的一个或多个特征(例如,频率、振幅等),并与外部***和装置通信以将变化引入到他们的环境中。例如,在***确定人在驾驶机动车辆的同时正在经受震颤或他们的手摇动的情况下,***可以直接与车辆中的控制器或转向***通信以引起方向盘的阻尼。严重震颤可能会干扰患有帕金森病的人的驾驶能力,原因是过度晃动会导致难以使用方向盘来控制汽车。与帕金森病患者的震颤有关的频率通常为3~8Hz。根据本发明的一些实施方案,放置在人或受试者的受影响的手臂或手上的感测装置110可以用于检测任何时候震颤的存在或不存在以及其严重程度。基于震颤分布图,汽车中的方向盘控制器可以由感测装置110或外部枢纽130来控制,以调整其本身,从而在处于震颤频带中时抑制方向盘运动。
另一个这样的例子是使用电脑鼠标的患有震颤的患者的例子。与震颤相关的震动可能使个体难以使用鼠标来操作计算机。根据本发明,计算机中的软件滤波器可以被调谐到震颤运动的频率并且由感测装置110(或外部枢纽130)控制以抑制高频移动;从而使鼠标更易于使用。
在某些患者群体(例如,帕金森病)中,有节奏的提示和音乐或声音可以对人或受试者的身体状况产生直接影响。例如,患有帕金森病的患者经常会遇到步态紊乱(例如,步态僵硬),在这种情况下,个体难以启动具有规则的步态分布的步态或步行。有节奏的跳动和某些音乐或声音模式已经显示会影响患有PD的患者的步态。可穿戴感测装置110可以用于检测患者的步态异常并将消息自动发送到外部枢纽130,以播放可减轻问题并帮助个体改善其步态的节奏模式。例如,参见McIntosh GC,Brown SH,Rice RR,Thaut MH.Rhythmicauditory-motor facilitation of gait patterns in patients with Parkinson’sdisease.Journal of Neurology,Neurosurgery,and Psychiatry 1997;62(1):22-26,其通过引用并入本文。
有节奏的音乐或声音和温度已被证明为有助于促进患者的放松和睡眠,否则这些患者会被不自主运动所唤醒。音乐治疗师已经报道了可以帮助PD和MS患者的步行、平衡和运动的各种节奏或音乐风格。因此,通过直接无线连接到监测症状的可佩戴装置来控制环境中的音乐可以用作控制帕金森病症状的自动化方式。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,***可以用于控制致动的假体装置。例如,感测装置110可以检测与截肢肢体相邻的EMG信号,并使用该信号来控制假体中的致动器。可以从邻近截肢肢体的肌肉中检测EMG活化模式,并且用于测量和/或确定意图或表征疲劳/痉挛以改善假体装置的控制。另外,其他感测装置110可以用于从身体上的一个或多个位置感测身体参数以检测例如来自腰部/胸部的质量运动的中心或从腕部摆动的臂部或心率),并且控制或调整假体装置中的致动器(例如,更软或更硬的力、或更多的支撑或更少的支撑)以适应性地响应,从而改善假体装置的操作和性能。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,感测装置100可以应用在身体的远离截肢部位的位置处,以检测运动模式和可以用于控制假体装置的功能的生理信号。例如,加速计数据可以用于追踪人或受试者的质量运动的中心,以检测或测量人或受试者的平衡(例如,平衡、不平衡或跌倒)并将信号发送到假体以对假体装置进行控制,从而改善平衡。根据本发明的一些实施方案,感测装置110还可以监测个体的心率、呼吸率和运动,以确定和测量人或受试者的能量消耗和疲劳水平而对假体装置进行控制,从而增加或减少功率输出。例如,如果心率和呼吸率升高(可能由于陡峭的地形,其可以使用外部枢纽130上的GPS来检测),感测装置110或外部枢纽130可以控制假体装置来增加功率输出,从而使得个体更容易地步行。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,感测装置110可以佩戴在身体上并用于在人或受试者正在锻炼机器(例如,跑步机、椭圆机、爬梯机或划船机等)上锻炼的同时监测心脏功能和呼吸功能(传感器数据)。在锻炼期间,可以使用传感器数据来确定作为这些参数中的一个或多个参数(例如,心率、心率变异性、恢复率和呼吸率)的函数的压力水平,并且压力水平可以用于改变锻炼机器的操作(例如,速度、斜度和/或阻力)以提供最佳训练。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,可以将传感器数据传输到锻炼机器,其中连接到锻炼机器的类似于外部枢纽130的数据处理***对传感器数据进行处理,以确定应力水平和期望速度、斜度和/或阻力的水平,以使锻炼机器上的人获得最佳训练。锻炼机器中的数据处理***可以根据所确定的应力水平来动态地改变速度、斜度和/或阻力,以提供最佳训练。根据一些实施方案,可以将传感器数据发送到处理传感器数据并确定人的最佳训练速度、斜度和阻力的外部枢纽130。外部枢纽130可以与锻炼机器通信,以改变机器的速度、斜度和/或阻力。为了健康和安全目的,在传感器数据指示存在危险健康状况的情况下,接收传感器数据的***(例如,锻炼机器中的数据处理***或外部枢纽130)可以使锻炼机器停止以防止使用它的人受伤。
随着时间的推移,数据处理***或外部枢纽130可以根据过去的锻炼来改变所选择的训练速度、斜度或阻力。例如,在过去特定持续时间人能够维持预定水平(例如,速度、斜度和/或阻力)的情况下,***可以增加速度、斜度、阻力和/或持续时间以加强训练。此外,在锻炼强度水平的背景下,使用过去的锻炼资料和生理反应如心率、心率变异性和心率恢复的组合,***可以确定或测量人或受试者是否过度训练(例如,并建议减少或改变锻炼水平或强度)或训练不足(例如,并建议增加或改变锻炼水平或强度)的指示。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,***可以用于监测包括汽车、火车、轮船和飞机的机动车辆的操作者。例如,在传感器数据指示人正在进入或处于伤残状况(例如,中风或心脏病发作)的情况下,外部枢纽130或车辆控制***可以使车辆停止移动和/或将该状况警告给另一个操作者或中央站。在该实施方案中,外部枢纽130可以与车辆控制***通信以禁用或减慢发动机,应用制动器或其他补救措施以避免当操作者伤残时受伤。可选择地,车辆可以包括控制器或***,其直接接收传感器数据并且自动启动禁用或减慢发动机的控制过程,应用制动器或启动其他补救措施以避免当操作者伤残时受伤。类似地,在传感器数据指示人(例如,操作者)例如基于不确定或不稳定的运动而中毒或受伤的情况下,可以防止车辆启动或以其他方式投入使用。可选择地,在传感器数据指示人(例如,操作者)困倦或反应缓慢的情况下,***可以启动控制***来打开或改变环境控制,从而改变机动车辆舱室温度或环境声音(例如,音乐)以刺激操作者并改变他们的状态。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,***可以用于基于指示飞行员的不安全状况的传感器数据来控制高性能飞机和军用飞机。例如,在传感器数据指示飞行员(在当前飞行轨迹下)将暴露或暴露于可能导致飞行员失去知觉或受伤的高应力传导(例如,由于空中特技表演导致的过度G力)的情况下,飞机内的控制***可以改变飞机的飞行路径和/或速度以减轻压力并避免对飞行员和飞机造成伤害。
根据一些实施方案,根据本发明的***可以用于监测人或受试者团队(例如,狗拉雪橇队或马队)的表现。在该实施方案中,团队中的每个成员可以佩戴一个或多个感测装置110,其为团队中的每个成员生成传感器数据。传感器数据可以传输到由团队的一个或多个成员佩戴的或者位于充分靠近动作区域的位置以接收传感器数据的外部枢纽130。外部枢纽130可以聚合团队中的每个成员的传感器数据,并确定团队中的每个成员的一个或多个状况度量。教练人员可以在体育竞赛期间使用这些信息进行选手选择和替换。例如,通过监测心率恢复,***可以对团队中的每个成员进行排名,以识别在体育竞赛期间任何时候展现出最小程度疲劳的那些团队成员,由此使得教练人员能够确定在比赛期间选用哪些选手。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,***可以与头部撞击检测***(如,Checklightproduct(Reebok,Canton,MA))一起使用,其确定头部撞击的水平并提供可能的震荡的指示。***可以使用佩戴在胸部上的适形感测装置110并产生可以用于确定心率、心率恢复和呼吸的传感器数据。***可以在头部撞击之前收集和存储传感器数据,并将其与头部撞击后的传感器数据进行比较,以确定撞击和潜在伤害的严重程度的指示。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,***可以用于疼痛管理。存在可用于慢性疼痛的管理的许多治疗选择,其中之一是脊髓刺激(SCS)。脊髓刺激器是用于向脊髓施加脉冲电信号以控制慢性疼痛的可植入式装置。感测装置110可以监测指示人或受试者正在遭受的疼痛的生理学和生物学参数,包括但不限于日常活动、由EEG或ECG信号捕获的睡眠障碍、呼吸率变异性、心率变异性和姿势。例如,参见,A.Paraschiv-Ionescu,et al.,ScientificReports(2013),3,Article number:2019,其通过引用并入本文。当感测装置110检测到指示人或受试者正在遭受的疼痛的一种或多种生理学和生物学参数时,感测装置110或外部枢纽130可以控制脊髓刺激器,以向脊髓施加脉冲电信号。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,***可以用在患有难治性高血压(即,顽固性高血压)的人或受试者上。该***可以包括称为Rheos Baroreflex高血压疗法的可植入式装置,用于治疗难治性高血压。感测装置110可以例如通过生物阻抗测量(兴奋性输入刺激和穿过肌肉/皮肤的阻抗测量)来测量活动水平、睡眠障碍、肢体中的体液潴留以及由肾调节并发症引起的肺水肿。生物阻抗测量可以在50kHz的高频状况下进行。例如,参见,M.Y.Jaffrin,et al.,Medical Engineering&Physics(2008),30,1257-1269,其通过引用并入本文。由感测装置110获得的数据可以映射到治疗方案上,以确定人或受试者相对于其用药周期何时正在经历不良的高血压、高心率以及差运动性vs.好运动性。这些信息可以每小时、每天和每晚进行追踪,并且由医生回顾性地用作随着时间的推移通过可植入式装置改变治疗方案的见解。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,***可以用在患有糖尿病神经病变的人或受试者上。该***可以包括称为代谢性神经调节***的可植入式装置170,其可以通过将低水平射频能量通过血管壁递送至肾脏以破坏通向肾脏的神经来帮助调节血糖水平。感测装置110可以例如通过生物阻抗测量来测量活动水平、睡眠障碍、肢体中的体液潴留以及由心脏并发症引起的肺水肿。以设定频率(例如,50kHz)施加的AC信号可以注入到相关区域上的两个刺激电极之间。然后,位于这些刺激电极之间的两个独立的记录电极可以测量该区域中的复数阻抗,作为评估整个流体vs.组织阻抗分布的方式。复数阻抗测量会反映更多流体的存在。由感测装置110获得的数据可以映射到他们的治疗方案上,以确定人或受试者相对于用药周期和血糖水平何时正在经历差运动性vs.好运动性。这些信息可以每小时、每天和每晚进行追踪,并且由医生回顾性地用作随着时间的推移通过代谢神经调节***改变治疗方案的见解。心脏并发症可能是由糖尿病神经病变导致的神经通路的破坏造成的。支配心脏的神经可能被破坏,导致心率异常和血压改变。因此,神经调节疗法与心脏和运动监测相结合,为追踪这些患者提供了闭环解决方案。
根据本发明的一些实施方案,***可以用在患有创伤性脑损伤的人或受试者上。该***可以包括可以向舌头提供电刺激的可植入式装置,直接刺激两个脑神经核(三叉神经和面神经核)的对舌头的电刺激会激励脑干和小脑的神经冲动。这被称为颅神经非侵入性神经调节(CN-NINM)。当与特定的身体、认知和/或心理锻炼相结合时,这些结构的激活诱导神经可塑性,从而促进大脑中选择的功能性损伤的恢复,如平衡或步行方面的问题。感测装置110可以测量活动水平、平衡、步行、步幅长度、步态、姿势、由EEG、ECG捕获的睡眠障碍或者呼吸或心率变异性。由感测装置110获得的数据可以映射到他们的治疗方案上,以确定人或受试者相对于用药周期何时正在经历头痛、差运动性/平衡vs.好运动性。这些信息可以每小时、每天和每晚进行追踪,并且由医生回顾性地用作随着时间的推移通过可植入式装置改变治疗方案的见解。
其他实施方案在本发明的范围和精神内。例如,由于软件的性质,所以上述功能可以使用软件、硬件、固件、硬接线或任何这些的组合来实现。实现功能的特征还可以物理地位于各种位置,包括被分布成使得功能的部分在不同的物理位置处实现。
此外,尽管以上说明涉及本发明,但是该说明可以包括多于一个的发明。
实施例
以下实施例说明本发明的一些实施方案和方面。对于相关领域的技术人员显而易见的是,可以在不改变本发明的精神或范围的情况下进行各种改变、添加、替换等,并且这样的改变和变化包含在所附权利要求书中限定的本发明的范围内。通过以下实施例进一步说明本文所述的技术,所述实施例决不应被解释为进一步限制。
实施例1:
本发明的***可以用于辅助患有特发性震颤的人或受试者。丘脑的腹侧中间(VIM)核中的全部可植入式深部脑刺激***可以植入以治疗由于特发性震颤引起的震颤(例如,St.Jude Medical Deep Brain Stimulation System中的Libra System)。
一个或多个感测装置可以用于监测动作震颤、静止震颤和日常动作。一个或多个感测装置中的每一个可以包括加速计。
一个或多个感测装置皮肤连接到腕部的顶部、前臂和手的顶部表面。该装置处于低功率模式,其中加速计传感器设定为基于在受试者进行日常活动时的设定特征(频率和振幅)检测震颤(手的3-10Hz振荡)。动作震颤、日常动作和静止震颤均由传感器进行24-72小时的连续监测。一旦至少一个感测装置经由蓝牙低能量与外部智能装置同步,则患者经历震颤的这种震颤信息和持续时间全部上传到云端,在那里与从其他感测装置收集的其他传感器信息或者关于GPS、天气状况、日历活动、药物时间表等收集的电话数据相关,以进行更深入的分析。
实施例2:
本发明的***可以用于帮助患有帕金森病的人或受试者。医学疗法是帕金森病(PD)患者的主要治疗方法。然而,在药物疗法数年之后,大部分患者经历了帕金森综合征恶化并且出现运动功能紊乱和运动障碍。为了解决这个问题,人们将注意力集中在外科手术上,如深部脑刺激(DBS)。近年来,刺激控制运动的大脑区域、苍白球(Gpi)和底丘脑核(STN)已被提议作为治疗许多与PD有关的致残症状和药物诱导的副作用的疗法。
一个或多个感测装置可以用于监测日常活动、睡眠、生命体征(HR、HRV、呼吸)、肌电位、运动范围或步幅长度。一个或多个感测装置中的每一个可以包括以下中的至少一个:加速计、电极和陀螺仪。
一个或多个感测装置皮肤连接到几个身体部位,包括胸部、前臂、小腿、前额和胫骨前部。患者的生物特征被连续追踪,并且在夜间和早上唤醒后上传到云端。数据映射到他们的疗法方案上,以确定他们相对于用药周期何时正在经历差运动性vs.好运动性。这些信息每天和每晚进行追踪,并且由医生回顾性地用于随着时间的推移改变治疗方案。因此,重要的是在每天和每晚上传的生物特征数据的背景下查看每个人数天、数周和数月的所有数据,并随着时间的推移可视化震颤、步态、平衡和睡眠障碍特征中的增量变化。
实施例3:
本发明的***可以用于辅助患有膀胱过度活动的人或受试者。由***递送的骶神经调节指示用于对以下病症中的一种或多种失败或不能耐受更保守治疗的患者:膀胱过度活动、尿急频率、非梗阻性尿潴留和慢性大便失禁。
一个或多个感测装置可以用于监测日常活动、睡眠和排尿。一个或多个感测装置可以安装在胸部、前额和腹部。一个或多个感测装置中的每一个可以包括以下中的至少一个:加速计、电极和麦克风。
一个或多个感测装置在睡觉前在夜间佩戴。患者的运动数据对于追踪排尿事件的数量(即,患者起床去洗手间的频率)最重要。在洗手间放置一盏灯可以让医生确切地知道患者起床使用洗手间而不是去厨房。有趣测量的额外信息包括基于麦克风或从位于中间部分的感测装置收集的EMG信号的排尿持续时间。睡眠质量对于追踪夜间行程也很重要,并且能够追踪几个星期、几周和几个月以追踪进展情况。所有的多日追踪都需要在云端进行分析,因为数据上传将在患者醒来后的早晨发生。胸部传感器用于追踪睡眠质量以及患者处于睡眠、深度睡眠或轻度睡眠的持续时间。
实施例4:
本发明的***可以用于帮助患有慢性疼痛的人或受试者。对于一些更保守的药物疗法失败的患者,剩余的选择限于脊髓刺激(SCS),被证明是对保守治疗失败的一半以上患者更有效的疗法。超过50%的更保守的疼痛管理方法失败的患者,现在可以在利用SCS的临床医生的指导下,成功地管理疼痛水平。SCS是一种侵袭性较小的疗法,是一种具有更长期益处的可逆治疗,而不是更永久性的激进方法,并且在慢性顽固性疼痛的管理方面值得更多考虑。SCS装置的一个例子是高级仿生学完全可植入式脊髓刺激(SCS)***,即,刺激***(Stimulus System)。该***指示有助于管理躯干和/或肢体的慢性顽固性疼痛,包括与下列相关的单侧或双侧疼痛:背部手术失败综合征、顽固性腰痛和腿痛。
一个或多个感测装置可以安装在胸部。一个或多个感测装置中的每一个可以包括加速计和/或电极。与实施例3类似,基于呼吸、HR、HRV、翻转频率来每晚追踪患者的睡眠质量。除了睡眠之外,活动水平和姿势还会在夜间被追踪并上传到云端。然后,将上传到云端的数据与关于GPS的智能手机数据、天气、事件日历和药物治疗时间表进行比较,以追踪随着时间的推移(例如,一天或更多、几周、几个月)患者的健康变化。
实施例5:
本发明的***可以用于帮助患有高血压的人或受试者。血管压力反射性高血压疗法***是目前用于治疗难治性高血压患者的临床试验中的可植入式装置。
一个或多个感测装置用于监测活动水平、睡眠障碍。此外,通过生物阻抗测量(兴奋性输入刺激和穿过肌肉/皮肤的阻抗测量),感测装置可以测量肢体中的体液潴留和由肾调节并发症引起的肺水肿。生物阻抗测量可以在50kHz的高频下进行。一个或多个感测装置中的每一个可以包括以下中的至少一个:加速计、电极和PZT/应变仪。
一个或多个感测装置皮肤连接到几个身体部位,包括胸部、前臂、踝部和胫骨前部。患者的生物特征被连续追踪,并且在夜间和早上唤醒后上传到云端。数据映射到他们的治疗方案上,以确定他们相对于用药周期何时正在经历不良的高血压、高心率以及差运动性vs.好运动性。这些信息每天和每晚进行追踪,并且由医生回顾性地用作随着时间的推移改变治疗方案的见解。
实施例6:
本发明的***可以用于帮助患有糖尿病性神经病的人或受试者。称为代谢神经调节***的可植入医疗装置可以用于治疗II型糖尿病(T2DM)。该医疗装置通过将低水平的射频能量通过血管壁递送至肝脏以破坏通向肝脏的神经。
一个或多个感测装置用于监测活动水平、睡眠障碍。此外,通过具有兴奋性输入刺激的生物阻抗测量和穿过肌肉/皮肤的阻抗测量,感测装置可以测量肢体中的体液潴留和由心脏并发症引起的肺水肿。生物阻抗测量可以在50kHz的高频下进行。一个或多个感测装置中的每一个可以包括以下中的至少一个:加速计、电极和PZT/应变仪。
一个或多个感测装置皮肤连接到几个身体部位,包括胸部、前臂、踝部和胫骨前部。患者的生物特征被连续追踪,并且在夜间和早上唤醒后上传到云端。数据映射到他们的治疗方案上,以确定他们相对于用药周期和血糖水平何时正在经历差运动性vs.好运动性。这些信息每小时、每天和每晚进行追踪,并且由医生回顾性地用作随着时间的推移改变治疗方案的见解。
实施例7:
本发明的***可以用于帮助患有创伤性脑损伤的人或受试者。直接刺激两个颅神经核(三叉神经和面神经核)的对舌头的电刺激会激励脑干和小脑的神经冲动。这被称为颅神经非侵入性神经调节(CN-NINM)。当与特定的身体、认知和/或心理锻炼相结合时,这些结构的激活诱导神经可塑性,从而促进选择的功能性损伤的恢复,如平衡或步行方面的问题。
一个或多个感测装置可以用于监测活动水平、平衡、步行、步幅、步态、由EEG、ECG、呼吸/HRV捕获的睡眠障碍以及姿势。一个或多个感测装置中的每一个可以包括以下中的至少一个:加速计、电极和陀螺仪。
一个或多个感测装置皮肤连接到几个身体部位,包括胸部、前臂、踝部和胫骨前部。患者的生物特征被连续追踪,并且在夜间和早上唤醒后上传到云端。数据映射到他们的治疗方案上,以确定他们相对于用药周期何时正在经历头痛、差运动性/平衡vs.好运动性。这些信息每天和每晚进行追踪,并且由医生回顾性地用作随着时间的推移改变治疗方案的见解。
实施例8:
本发明的***可以用于帮助患有多发性硬化症(MS)的人或受试者。据推测,直接刺激两个颅神经核(三叉神经和面神经核)的对舌头的电刺激会激励脑干和小脑的神经冲动。当与特定的身体锻炼相结合时,这些结构的激活诱导神经可塑性,可以减少晚期MS的症状,从而主要靶向于姿势稳定性(坐立和站立)、上肢运动和进行自我转移的能力。
一个或多个感测装置可以用于监测活动水平、平衡、步行、步幅、步态、由EEG、ECG、呼吸/HRV捕获的睡眠障碍以及姿势。一个或多个感测装置中的每一个可以包括以下中的至少一个:加速计、电极和陀螺仪。
一个或多个感测装置皮肤连接到几个身体部位,包括胸部、前臂、前额、踝部和胫骨前部。患者的生物特征被连续追踪,并且在夜间和早上唤醒后上传到云端。数据映射到他们的治疗方案上,以确定他们相对于MS的用药周期何时正在经历复发、差运动性/平衡vs.好运动性。这些信息每天或可以甚至每周一次由医生进行追踪,并且由医生回顾性地用作随着时间的推移改变治疗方案的见解。
实施例9:
本发明的***可以用于帮助患有心脏疾病的人或受试者。正在评估脊柱的电刺激,以作为改善心力衰竭的临床表现和症状的方式。神经刺激使用可植入式脉冲发生器(IPG)或神经刺激器,类似于心脏起搏器,使用导线或细线连接装置到脊髓以传递低强度电脉冲。该过程包括将导线经皮放置在脊柱中,并且秒表尺寸的神经刺激器通常植入在腹部。
一个或多个感测装置用于监测活动水平、睡眠障碍、心率、HRV。此外,通过具有兴奋性输入刺激的生物阻抗测量和穿过肌肉/皮肤的阻抗测量,感测装置可以测量肢体中的体液潴留和由心脏并发症引起的肺水肿。生物阻抗测量可以在50kHz的高频下进行。一个或多个感测装置中的每一个可以包括以下中的至少一个:加速计、电极和PZT/应变仪。
一个或多个感测装置皮肤连接到几个身体部位,包括胸部、前臂、前额、踝部和胫骨前部。患者的生物特征被连续追踪,并且在夜间和早上唤醒后上传到云端。如果心率数据超出疗法有效预期的“正常范围”,则在数据仪表板上向医生发出通知,提供在几天、几周和几个月内的患者表现信息。
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Claims (14)

1.一种***,包括:
感测装置,其具有被构造成感测环境中的人的至少一种状况的至少一个传感器;
与所述感测装置通信并被构造成从所述感测装置接收传感器数据的外部枢纽;和
治疗装置,其被构造成经由从所述感测装置接收传感器数据而向人传递治疗。
2.根据权利要求1所述的***,其中所述治疗装置包括电气或化学致动器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的***,其中所述治疗装置与所述人的组织接触。
4.根据权利要求3所述的***,其中所述治疗装置与所述人的内部器官接触。
5.根据权利要求4所述的***,其中所述治疗装置是可植入式装置。
6.根据权利要求3所述的***,其中所述治疗装置与所述人的皮肤接触。
7.根据权利要求1所述的***,其中所述治疗装置控制电刺激、药物递送、超声刺激、光刺激和热刺激中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的***,其中所述感测装置与所述人的皮肤接触。
9.根据权利要求1所述的***,其中所述感测装置包括以下中的至少一个:加速计、温度传感器、陀螺仪、光传感器、ExG传感器、声音传感器以及一个或多个电极。
10.根据权利要求1所述的***,其中所述感测装置包括处理器、存储器和/或电池。
11.根据权利要求1所述的***,其中所述人的至少一种状况选自活动水平、心率、心率变异性、呼吸率、呼吸率变异性、皮肤温度、核心温度、血压、步态、姿势、肌电位、运动范围、步幅长度和睡眠质量。
12.根据权利要求1所述的***,其中所述外部枢纽是智能手机。
13.根据权利要求1所述的***,还包括靶向装置,其与所述外部枢纽通信并且被构造成从所述枢纽接收导致所述靶向装置的操作变化的信号。
14.根据权利要求13所述的***,其中所述靶向装置控制所述环境中的温度、湿度、照明或声音中的至少一种。
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