CN108120317A - 热交换器，尤其是用于机动车辆的排气热交换器 - Google Patents

热交换器，尤其是用于机动车辆的排气热交换器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108120317A
CN108120317A CN201711163980.7A CN201711163980A CN108120317A CN 108120317 A CN108120317 A CN 108120317A CN 201711163980 A CN201711163980 A CN 201711163980A CN 108120317 A CN108120317 A CN 108120317A
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outer tube
heat exchanger
tube
longitudinal direction
coolant
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福赫米·本·艾哈迈德
克劳斯·卢斯
马蒂亚斯·甘茨
霍尔格·施罗特
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Mahle International GmbH
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Mahle International GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0475—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits having a single U-bend
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L9/00—Details or accessories of suction cleaners, e.g. mechanical means for controlling the suction or for effecting pulsating action; Storing devices specially adapted to suction cleaners or parts thereof; Carrying-vehicles specially adapted for suction cleaners
    • A47L9/28—Installation of the electric equipment, e.g. adaptation or attachment to the suction cleaner; Controlling suction cleaners by electric means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L5/00—Structural features of suction cleaners
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    • A47L9/00—Details or accessories of suction cleaners, e.g. mechanical means for controlling the suction or for effecting pulsating action; Storing devices specially adapted to suction cleaners or parts thereof; Carrying-vehicles specially adapted for suction cleaners
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    • A47L9/2836—Installation of the electric equipment, e.g. adaptation or attachment to the suction cleaner; Controlling suction cleaners by electric means characterised by the parts which are controlled
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/16—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using movable parts
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/0205—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • F01N5/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat the device being thermoelectric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0008—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
    • H02N11/002—Generators
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    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
    • H10N10/13—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction
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    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • H10N19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one thermoelectric or thermomagnetic element covered by groups H10N10/00 - H10N15/00
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    • A47L2201/00—Robotic cleaning machines, i.e. with automatic control of the travelling movement or the cleaning operation
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H2001/2268—Constructional features
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/40—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a hydrolysis catalyst
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种热交换器(1)，包括用于热气(H)流过的外管(2)，其沿着纵向方向(L)延伸并且限定外管内部(3)并且在垂直于所述纵向方向(L)的截面中包括两个外管管壁(31a，31b)，包括内管(4)，其布置在所述外管内部(3)中并且沿所述纵向方向(L)延伸并且实现为以便在(第一)纵向端(26a)上关闭并且限定内管内部(5)并在垂直于所述纵向方向(L)的截面中具有两个内管管壁(33a，33b)，其中多个孔(7)存在于所述内管管壁(33a，33b)中，通过所述孔，所述内管内部(5)与所述外管内部(3)流体地连通，包括多个热电模块(10)，其布置在所述外管管壁(31a，31b)的外侧(8)并且在每种情况下具有面对所述外管(2)的热侧(11)和背向所述外管(2)的冷侧(12)，包括用于冷却剂(K)流过的至少一个冷却剂管(13)，其布置在至少一个热电模块(10)的所述冷侧(12)。

Description

热交换器，尤其是用于机动车辆的排气热交换器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种热交换器，尤其是用于机动车辆的排气热交换器。本发明还涉及一种包括内燃机、包括排气***以及与排气***协作的这样的热交换器的机动车辆。
背景技术
热交换器与内燃机的排气***相连使用，从而利用排气中包含的热量。为了该目的，在热交换器中热电模块能够设置有热电元件。这样的热电元件由热电半导体材料组成，其将温度差转化为电位差，因此转化为电压，并且反之亦然。热交换器能够以这种方式将热能转化为电能。物理上，当热电模块将热转化为电能时，它们基于塞贝克效应(Seebeckeffect)。在热电模块内，掺杂有磷和掺杂有氮的热电元件相互连接。通常，多个这样的热电模块相互连接至热电发电机，其能够由与对应的热流相关的温度差分别产生电能或电压。在热交换器中产生用于产生电能所需的热电模块的热侧与冷侧之间的温度差，其中热气与热侧相互热作用，而冷却剂通过温度与热电模块的冷侧相互热作用，所述温度低于热气。关于热电模块的热侧和冷侧合适地布置在热气和冷却剂所流过的热交换中是有成效的。
发明内容
本发明解决提出改进的或者至少不同的实施例的问题，所述实施例的特征在于针对上述类型的热交换器的改进的效率。
该目的通过独立权利要求的主题解决。优选的实施例为从属权利要求的主题。
因此本发明的主要构思为：以被引导通过热交换器的热气以冲击射流的形式冲击热电模块的热侧的方式，在热交换器中布置包括热电元件的热电模块。结果，从热气提取特别大量的热，遵循热电发电机的运转原理，所述特别大量的热能够通过热电模块被转化为电能。热交换器的改进的效率与之相关，这证明了特别是当所述热交换器作为排气热交换器运转从而利用包含在内燃机的排气中的能量时是有益的。
优选地能够用作排气热交换器的根据本发明的热交换器包括用于热气流过的外管，其沿着纵向方向延伸并且限定外管内部，并且所述外管为此目的在垂直于纵向方向的截面中包括两个外管管壁。用于热气流过、沿着纵向方向延伸并且限定内管内部的内管优选地与外管同轴地布置在外管内部中。内管实现为以便在纵向端被关闭，并且在垂直于纵向方向的截面中包括两个内管管壁。出现在内管管壁中的多个孔被认为对本发明是重要的。内管内部与外管内部通过所述孔流体地连通。根据本发明的热交换器还包括多个热电模块，其布置在外管管壁的外侧。热电模块在每种情况下具有面对外管的热侧以及背向外管的冷侧。热交换器还包括至少一个用于冷却剂流过的冷却剂管，其布置在至少一个热电模块的冷侧。
分别通过上述实施例或根据本发明的装置，分别通过外管和内管以及外管管壁或内管管壁，利用垂直于纵向方向的截面，实现了流过内管的热气只能够沿与纵向方向成直角的方向经由孔(出现在内管管壁中)到达到外管中，并且在那里冲击外管管壁。由此在热气中在内部产生有益的高动态压力。结果，实现了热气的高冲击效果，当通过孔时、在通过孔后，热气冲击外管的外管管壁，在其上热电模块的热侧布置在外侧。以这种方式实现了热气与热电模块的期望的、改进的相互作用，使得从热气提取特别大量的热。结果，用作热电发电机的热电模块对应地产生更多的电能，这转而增加了热交换器的效率。
根据优选实施例，外管实现为平坦管。在垂直于纵向方向的截面中，两个外管管壁彼此相对地定位并且形成平坦管的两个宽侧。在该替代例中，至少第一热电模块布置在第一外管管壁上，并且至少第二热电元件布置在第二外管管壁上。
在进一步的优选实施例的情况下，内管实现为平坦管。在该实施例的情况下，两个内管管壁通过垂直于纵向方向的截面彼此相对地定位，并且形成平坦管的两个宽侧。孔由此布置在第一内管管壁和第二内管管壁中。特别是当外管也实现为平坦管时，该替代例还支持了平坦设计的热交换器的实现。
有益地，第一外管管壁在垂直于纵向方向的截面中能够面对第一内管管壁，并且第二外管管壁能够面对第二内管管壁。以这种方式能够将热交换器的安装空间保持得特别小。
在有益的进一步的发展的情况下，存在至少第一冷却剂管和至少第二冷却剂管。在该进一步的发展中，至少一个第一冷却剂管布置在至少一个第一热电模块的冷侧。至少一个第二冷却剂管布置在至少一个第二热电模块的冷侧。这通过热交换器的热电模块甚至允许了流过冷却剂管的冷却剂的热接触。
特别优选地，外管沿堆叠方向布置在第一和第二冷却剂管之间，所述堆叠方向以与外管的纵向方向成直角地延伸。以这种方式能够将热交换器沿堆叠方向所需的安装空间保持得小。
特别优选地，至少一个，特别是第一和/或第二冷却剂管实现为平坦管，其宽侧在垂直于纵向方向的截面中面对(第一或第二)热电模块。该实施例需要沿着外管的与纵向方向成直角的方向的特别小的安装空间。同时，冷却剂管与热电模块的冷侧的平坦接触能够通过这样的平坦管实现，凭此转而能够实现热交换器的高效率。
有益地，第一和/或第二冷却剂管在每种情况下能够具有U形几何结构，其包括基部和第一以及第二支腿。两个支腿由此沿着外管的纵向方向延伸。冷却剂入口和冷却剂出口能够以这种方式布置在外管的相同的纵向端上，这在某些安装空间条件的情况下能够是明显有益的。
在另一个有益的进一步的发展的情况下，冷却剂分配器出现在外管的第一纵向端上。该冷却剂分配器与出现在第一支腿上的第一和第二冷却剂管的冷却剂入口流体地连通。在替代例中或另外地，在该进一步的发展的情况下冷却剂收集器出现在外管的第一纵向端上。所述冷却剂收集器与出现在第二支腿上的第一和第二冷却剂管的冷却剂入口流体地连通。以这种方式，冷却剂入口与冷却剂出口能够布置在外管的不同纵向端上，这在某些安装空间条件的情况下能够是有益的。
在进一步的优选实施例的情况下，外管实现为以便在其两个纵向端被关闭，所述两个纵向端沿纵向方向彼此相对地定位。在替代例、优选实施例的情况下，外管实现为以便在两个纵向端中的一个上打开，并且外管实现为以便在两个纵向端中的另一个上关闭。两个替代例允许热气从热交换器的有益地排放。
在内管的与第一纵向端相对定位的第二纵向端上，用于将热气引入到内管中的气体入口能够有益地连接至所述第二纵向端。
在进一步的优选实施例的情况下，形成外管的平坦管在垂直于纵向方向的截面中具有两个窄侧。在该实施例的情况下，宽侧与窄侧的侧比例(side ratio)多于1，优选地至少为2，最大地优选地至少为4。
在进一步的优选实施例的情况下，形成内管的平坦管在垂直于纵向方向的截面中具有两个窄侧。在该实施例的情况下，宽侧与窄侧的侧比例多于1，优选地至少为2，最大地优选地至少为6。
本发明还涉及一种包括至少两个热交换器的热交换器装置，所述至少两个热交换器布置在彼此的顶部，能够优选地在彼此的顶部堆叠。热交换装置的热交换器经由共同的气体出口彼此流体地连通。上述热交换器的益处因此也能够转移至根据本发明的热交换器装置。
本发明还涉及一种包括内燃机的机动车辆，所述内燃机包括排气***和上述根据本发明的热交换器。热交换器的上述益处因此也能够转移至根据本发明的机动车辆。
本发明的进一步重要的特征和益处跟随从属权利要求、附图以及通过附图的相关附图描述。
不言而喻，在没有离开本发明的范围的情况下，上述特征以及将在下文中描述的特征不仅能够用在分别指出的结合中，而且还能够用在其他结合中或者单独使用。
附图说明
本发明优选的示例性实施例示出在附图中并且在下文的描述中将更加详细地描述，其中相同的附图标记指代相同的或者相似的或者功能上等同的部件。
在每种情况下示意性地：
图1以纵向截面示出了实现为排气热交换器的热交换器的示例，
图2以垂直于热交换器的纵向的横向截面示出了图1的热交换器，
图3示出了穿过热交换器的U形冷却剂管的截面，
图4示出了根据图1和图2的热交换器的替代例，在该情况下冷却剂管不像图1的示例的情况那样沿纵向延伸，而是以直角延伸。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出了热交换器1的示例，其实现为排气热交换器。根据图1，热交换器1具有用于热气H流过的外管2，其沿着纵向L延伸并且限定外管内部3。热气同样能够流过的、限定内管内部5的内管4布置在外管内部3中。
外管2实现为包括第一外管管壁31a和与所述第一外管管壁31a相对定位的第二外管管壁31b的平坦管30。根据图1和图2，热电模块10的部分(在下文中称作“第一热电元件10a”)布置在第一外管管壁31a的外侧8。其余的热电元件10(在下文中称作“第二热电元件10b”)布置在第二外管管壁31b的外侧8。内管4也实现为包括第一内管管壁33a和与所述第一内管管壁33a相对定位的第二内管管壁33b的平坦管32。
图2以垂直于沿着图1的剖面线II-II的纵向方向的横截面示出了来自图1的热交换器1。能够看出的是，在垂直于纵向方向L的横截面中，两个外管管壁31a、31b在每种情况下形成实现为平坦管30的外管2的宽侧34a、34b。形成外管2的平坦管30在垂直于纵向方向L的横截面中还具有两个窄侧34c、34d。两个宽侧34a、34b中的一个与两个窄侧34c、34d中的一个的侧比例多于1，优选至少为2，最大地优选至少为4。
在垂直于纵向方向L的横截面中，两个内管管壁33a、33b在每种情况下形成实现为平坦管32的内管4的宽侧35a、35b。在垂直于纵向方向L的横截面中，形成内管4的平坦管32还具有两个窄侧35c、35d。两个宽侧35a、35b中的一个与两个窄侧35c、35d中的一个的侧比例多于1，优选至少为2，最大地优选至少为6。
根据图2，在垂直于纵向方向L的横截面中第一外管管壁31a面对第一内管管壁33a。因此，第二外管管壁31b面对第二内管管壁33b。
在图1和图2的示例中，热交换器1还包括用于冷却剂K流过的第一冷却剂管13a和第二冷却剂管13b，所述冷却剂K具有比热气H更低的温度。冷却剂管13a、13b因此布置在热电模块10的冷侧12，使得流过冷却剂管13的冷却剂K能够热联接至热电模块10的冷侧12。
第一冷却剂管13a布置在第一热电模块10a的冷侧12上。第二冷却剂管13b布置在第二热电模块10b的冷侧12上。外管2由此沿着堆叠方向S布置在第一和第二冷却剂管13a、13b之间，所述堆叠方向S以与外管2的纵向方向L所成的直角延伸。在堆叠方向S上热交换器1所需的安装空间以这种方式能够保持得小。冷却剂管13a、13b在每种情况下还能够实现为平坦管36，在垂直于纵向方向L的横截面中所述平坦管36的宽侧分别面对第一和第二热电模块10a、10b。
在第一纵向端26a，内管4实现为以便闭合。为了该目的，内管具有前壁16。内管4的与第一纵向端26a相对定位的第二纵向端26b，然而，用于将热气H引入到内管4中的气体入口27连接至内管4。换言之，包括内管4以便在第二纵向端26b打开。在内管4的第一内管管壁33a和第二内管管壁33b中，在每种情况下包含多个孔7，通过所述多个孔7内管内部5与外管内部3流体地连通。流过外管2的热气H能够以这种方式热联接至热电模块10的热侧11。
图3示出了在观看方向B上的冷却剂管13a的俯视图，所述观看方向B通过图1中的箭头显示，垂直于纵向方向L而延伸，并且与堆叠方向S相反地延伸。在图3的示例中，第一冷却剂管13a具有U形的几何结构，其包括基部38以及第一和第二支腿39a、39b。两个支腿39a、39b沿着外管2的纵向方向L延伸。在外管2的第一纵向端24a(参见图1)上，存在冷却剂分配器41，其流体地与出现在第一支腿39a上的第一冷却剂管13的冷却剂入口43流体地连通。与出现在第二支腿39b上的第一冷却剂管13a的冷却剂出口44流体地连通的冷却剂收集器42同样出现在外管2的第一纵向端24a上。两个冷却剂管13a、13b能够实现为相同的部件。在该情况下，第二冷却剂管13b同样如图3所示地实现。
下面将通过图1描述具有热气H的热交换器1的流过。经由气体入口27，热气H被引入到由内管4限定的内管内部5中，并且沿着纵向方向L(参见箭头21a)流过所述内管内部。由于内管内部5沿纵向方向L由内管4的前壁16限定的事实，因此热气H只能够以相对于纵向方向L的直角通过分别包含在第一或第二内管管壁33a、33b中的孔7沿着堆叠方向S离开内管内部5(参见箭头21b)。由于在热气H中在内管内部5中形成的动态压力，热气H被加速同时流过孔7，并且在每种情况下以冲击射流的形式分别冲击外管2的第一或第二外管管壁31a、31b(参见箭头21c)。热能由此放射至热电模块10。从外管管壁31a、31b反弹、因此发射的热气H能够通过出现在外管2上并且沿着堆叠方向S延伸的两个气体出口23a、23b(参见图2)离开热交换器1(参见箭头21d)。在图1和图2的方案中，外管2实现为以便在沿着纵向方向彼此相对地定位的两个纵向端24a、24b中的一个上关闭。外管2由此通过前壁25关闭。这允许外管2中的热气H沿彼此相反的两个方向(参见图2中的箭头21c、21d)的有益的排放，这对于本领域相关技术人员已知为“介质横流(medium crossflow)”。
包括布置在彼此的顶部的两个热交换器1的热交换器装置能够由上述的热交换器1形成。热交换器1优选地沿着堆叠方向S(参见图2)堆叠在彼此的顶部并且能够通过两个气体出口23a、23b彼此流体地连通。图2因此示出了这样的热交换器装置的单个的热交换器1。
图4图示了图1的示例的替代例，在该情况下外管2实现为以便为了排放热气H而在纵向端24a上打开。这允许经由在第一纵向端24a上连接至外管2的气体出口23c而只在一个方向(参见图4中的箭头21d)上的热气H的有益的排放。该方案对本领域相关技术人员已知为“最大横流(maximum crossflow)”。
在未在附图中详细示出的替代例中，也能够结合“最大横流”和“介质横流”。
根据图4的热交换器1具有三个第一冷却剂管13a和三个第二冷却剂管13b。在替代例中，能够改变第一和第二冷却剂管13a、13b的数量。根据图4，第一和第二冷却剂管13a、13b在每种情况下沿着纵向方向L彼此以一定距离布置，并且在每种情况下沿着横向方向Q延伸，所述横向方向Q垂直于纵向方向L以及堆叠方向S而延伸。

Claims (16)

1.一种热交换器(1)，尤其是用于机动车辆的排气热交换器，
-包括用于热气(H)流过的外管(2)，其沿着纵向方向(L)延伸并且限定外管内部(3)并且在垂直于所述纵向方向(L)的截面中包括两个外管管壁(31a，31b)，
-包括内管(4)，其布置在所述外管内部(3)中并且沿所述纵向方向(L)延伸并且实现为以便在(第一)纵向端(26a)上关闭并且限定内管内部(5)并在垂直于所述纵向方向(L)的截面中具有两个内管管壁(33a，33b)，
-其中多个孔(7)存在于所述内管管壁(33a，33b)中，通过所述孔，所述内管内部(5)与所述外管内部(3)流体地连通，
-包括多个热电模块(10)，其布置在所述外管管壁(31a，31b)的外侧(8)并且在每种情况下具有面对所述外管(2)的热侧(11)和背向所述外管(2)的冷侧(12)，
-包括用于冷却剂(K)流过的至少一个冷却剂管(13)，其布置在至少一个热电模块(10)的所述冷侧(12)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器，
其特征在于
所述外管(2)实现为平坦管(30)，
其中，在垂直于所述纵向方向(L)的所述截面中，所述两个外管管壁(31a，31b)彼此相对地定位并且形成所述平坦管(30)的两个宽侧(34,34b)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的热交换器，
其特征在于
所述内管(4)实现为平坦管(32)，
其中，所述两个内管管壁(33a，33b)通过垂直于所述纵向方向(L)的所述截面彼此相对地定位，并且形成所述平坦管(32)的两个宽侧(35)，
其中，所述孔(7)布置在所述第一内管管壁(33a)和所述第二内管管壁(33b)中。
4.根据权利要求3所述的热交换器，
其特征在于
所述第一外管管壁(31a)在垂直于所述纵向方向(L)的所述截面中面对所述第一内管管壁(33a)，并且所述第二外管管壁(33b)面对所述第二内管管壁(33b)。
5.根据前面权利要求中的任一项所述的热交换器，
其特征在于
存在至少一个第一冷却剂管和至少一个第二冷却剂管(13a，13b)，
其中，至少一个所述第一冷却剂管(13a)布置在至少一个第一热电模块(10a)的冷侧(11)，并且所述至少一个第二冷却剂管(13b)布置在至少一个第二热电模块(10b)的冷侧(12)。
6.根据前面权利要求中的任一项所述的热交换器，
其特征在于
所述外管(2)沿着堆叠方向(S)布置在所述第一和第二冷却剂管(13a，13b)之间，所述堆叠方向以与所述外管(2)的所述纵向方向(L)所成的直角延伸。
7.根据前面权利要求中的任一项所述的热交换器，
其特征在于
至少一个冷却剂管(13，13a，13b)实现为平坦管(36)，所述平坦管的宽侧(37a)在垂直于所述纵向方向(L)的所述截面中面对(第一或第二)热电模块(10，10a，10b)。
8.根据权利要求5或6所述的热交换器，
其特征在于
所述第一和/或第二冷却剂管(13a，13b)在每种情况下能够具有U形的几何结构，其包括基部(38)以及第一和第二支腿(39a，39b)，
其中，两个支腿(39a，39b)沿着所述外管(2)的所述纵向方向(L)延伸。
9.根据权利要求8所述的热交换器，
其特征在于，
-冷却剂分配器(41)出现在所述外管(2)的第一纵向端(24a)上，所述冷却剂分配器(41)与出现在所述第一支腿(39a)上的第一和第二冷却剂管(13a，13b)的冷却剂入口(43)流体地连通，并且在于
-冷却剂分配器(42)出现在所述外管(2)的第一纵向端(24a)上，所述冷却剂分配器(42)与出现在所述第二支腿(39b)上的第一和第二冷却剂管(13a，13b)的冷却剂出口(44)流体地连通。
10.根据前面权利要求中的任一项所述的热交换器，
其特征在于
所述外管(2)实现为以便在其两个纵向端(24a，24b)关闭，所述两个纵向端(24a，24b)沿所述纵向方向(L)彼此相对地定位。
11.根据权利要求1至9中的任一项所述的热交换器，
其特征在于
所述外管(2)实现为以便在一个纵向端(24b)关闭，并且以便为了排出所述热气(H)而在另一个纵向端(24a)打开。
12.根据前面权利要求中的任一项所述的热交换器，
其特征在于
在所述内管(4)的与所述第一纵向端(26a)相对定位的第二纵向端(26b)上,用于将所述热气(H)引入到所述内管(4)中的气体入口(27)连接至所述第二纵向端。
13.根据权利要求2至12中的任一项所述的热交换器，
其特征在于
-形成所述外管(2)的平坦管(30)在垂直于所述纵向方向(L)的所述截面中具有两个窄侧(34c，34d)，
-宽侧(34a，34b)与窄侧(34c，34d)的侧比例多于1，优选至少为2，最大地优选至少为4。
14.根据权利要求3至13中的任一项所述的热交换器，
其特征在于
-形成所述内管(4)的平坦管(32)在垂直于所述纵向方向(L)的所述截面中具有两个窄侧(35c，35d)，
-宽侧(35a，35b)与窄侧(35c，35d)的侧比例多于1，优选至少为2，最大地优选至少为6。
15.一种热交换器装置，
-包括至少两个，优选地多个热交换器(1)，其布置在彼此的顶部，尤其是堆叠在彼此的顶部，经由用于将热气从所述热交换器装置排出的至少一个共同的气体出口(23a，23b)彼此流体地连通。
16.一种车辆，
-包括内燃机，所述内燃机包括排气***，
-包括热交换器(1)，其与所述排气***协作，或者包括根据权利要求15所述的热交换器装置，其与所述排气***协作。
CN201711163980.7A 2016-11-29 2017-11-21 热交换器，尤其是用于机动车辆的排气热交换器 Pending CN108120317A (zh)

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