CN108077255A - 处理动物饲料的方法、抗沙门氏菌组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
处理动物饲料的方法、抗沙门氏菌组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
- A01N35/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing aliphatically bound aldehyde or keto groups, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof, e.g. acetals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing within the same carbon skeleton a carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a carbon atom having only two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. keto-carboxylic acids
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Abstract
本发明提供了处理动物饲料的方法、用于处理动物饲料的抗沙门氏菌组合物及其应用,所述抗沙门氏菌组合物包含:基于总重量,50~90wt%的C1~C24有机酸,所述有机酸选自由乙酸、丁酸、丙酸、乳酸、壬酸以及它们的混合物组成的组,基于总重量,5~30wt%的反式‑2‑己烯醛,基于总重量,0~50wt%的萜烯,基于总重量,0~20wt%的表面活性剂,以及水。
Description
本申请是2011年8月13日递交的申请号为201180040360.9,发明名称为“抗微生物制剂”的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及处理动物饲料的方法、抗沙门氏菌组合物及其应用。
背景技术
乔治城大学的皮尤慈善信托基金会(Pew Charitable Trusts of GeorgetownUniversity))最近的研究表明,食源性疾病(food borne illness)在与健康相关的开支方面每年花费美国1520亿美元。根据美国疾病控制和预防中心(U.S.Centers of DiseasesControl and Prevention),在美国每年因食源性疾病估计有7600万人生病和5000人死亡(Thomson Reuters 2010,3/10/2010)。
希望找到更多天然抗微生物剂和/或有机抗微生物剂,这已产生大量的研究并且由于这些新天然产品/有机产品的低商业可用性而增加了原料成本。
已在植物中发现了几种新抗微生物剂。我们已经发现,当草或其它植物通过切割、修剪或暴露于病原体而被损害时,脂氧合酶途径被激活而且这引起产生表现出抗微生物活性的化合物的产品。脂氧合酶是广泛分布于自然界的催化不饱和脂肪酸的氧化,形成充当合成在植物防御中有重要作用的化合物的底物的脂肪酸氢过氧化物的酶(Kishimoto,K.;Matsui,K.;Ozawa,R.;Takabayashi,J.“Direct fungicidal activities of C6-aldehydes are important constituents for defense responses in Arabidopsisagainst Botrytis cinerea.”Phytochemistry 2008,v.69,2127~2132;Gardini,F.;Lanciotti,R.;Guerzoni,M.E.“Effect of trans-2-hexenal on the growth ofAspergillus flavus in relation to its concentration,temperature and wateractivity.”Letters in App.Microbiology 2001,v.33,50~55)。
醛由通式HCHO表示,其中,R能是氢或脂族基团、芳族基团或杂环基团。重大商业重要性的α,β-不饱和脂肪醛具有3~10个碳单元。它们适度地溶于水并且随分子质量增加溶解度降低。
α,β-不饱和脂肪醛包括丙烯醛、反式-2-丁烯醛、2-甲基-2-丁烯醛、2-甲基-(E)-2-丁烯醛、2-戊烯醛、反式-2-己烯醛、反式-2-己烯-1-醇、2-甲基-2-戊醛、2-异丙基丙烯醛、2-乙基-2-丁烯醛、2-乙基-2-己烯醛、(Z)-3-己烯醛、3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯醛、3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛、(2E)-3,7-二甲基-2-6-辛二烯醛、(2Z)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛、反式-2-壬烯醛、(2E,6Z)-壬二烯醛、10-十一醛、2-十二烯醛和其它。本发明包括C3~C12的α,β-不饱和脂肪醛。
脂肪和磷脂的分解引起3个六碳和九碳的醛的形成,其中,(2E,6Z)-壬二烯醛、反式-2-壬烯醛和反式-2-己烯醛。这些化合物通过植物脂氧合酶(LOX)途径的两种不同的酶的联合作用而酶促产生。在第一反应中,LOX催化诸如亚油酸和亚麻酸的多不饱和脂肪酸氧化,并随之形成9-氢过氧化物或13-氢过氧化物。这些化合物非常不稳定并且通过脂氢过氧化物裂解酶(HPL)裂解成醛和含氧酸。从9-氢过氧化物开始,得到反式-2-壬烯醛(trans-2-nonaenal)和(2E,6Z)-壬二烯醛,而己醛和反式-2-己烯醛由13-氢过氧化物的衍生物得到。在第二反应中,这些醛能通过醇脱氢酶的作用转变成相应的醇(Hubert,J.;Munzbergova,Z.;Santino,A.“Plant volatile aldehydes as natural insecticides againststored-product beetles.”Pest Manag.Sci.2008,v.64,57~64)。
在本发明中使用的挥发性化合物是反式-2-己烯醛,它是6个碳的双键醛C6H10O,且MW=98.14。根据欧盟理事会指令(EU Council Directive)88/388/EEC和美国食品及药物管理局(FDA)21CFR101.22,也被称为叶醛的天然或合成的反式-2-己烯醛认为是一种天然调味料(flavoring)。
反式-2-己烯醛存在于诸如苹果、梨、葡萄、草莓、猕猴桃、西红柿、橄榄等的许多可食用的植物中。植物和植物提取物已成功地用在寻找新抗微生物剂的研究中。例如,腰果梨对抗幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori)和猪霍乱沙门菌(S.cholerasuis)(50~100ug/ml)是有效的。发现两个主要成分是漆树酸和反式-2-己烯醛。反式-2-己烯醛的最低抑菌和最低杀菌活性分别确定为400ug/ml和800ug/ml(Kubo,J.;Lee,J.R.;Kubo,I.“Anti-Helicobacter pylori Agents from the Cashew Apple.”J.Agric.Food Chem.1999,v.47,533~537;Kubo,I.And K.Fujita,“Naturally Occurring Anti-SalmonellaAgents”.J.Agric.Food Chem.2001,v.49,5750~5754)。Kim和Shin发现反式-2-己烯醛(247mg/L)对抗蜡样芽胞杆菌(B.cereus)、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(S.typhimurium)、副溶血性弧菌(V.parahaemolyticus)、单增李斯特菌(L.monocytogenes)、金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)和大肠杆菌(E.coli)O157:H7是有效的(Kim,Y.S.;Shin,D.H.“Volatile Constituentsfrom the Leaves of Callicarpa japonica Thunb.and Their AntibacterialActivities.”J.Agric.Food Chem.2004,v.52,781~787)。Nakamura和Hatanaka(“Green-leaf-derived C6-aroma compounds with potent antibacterial action that act onboth gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.”J.Agric.Food Chem.2002,v.50no,26,7639~7644),证明(3E)-己烯醛在3~30ug/ml含量时对控制金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌是有效的。反式-2-己烯醛完全抑制丁香假单胞菌致病变型(P.syringaepathovars)(570μg/L的空气)和大肠杆菌(930μg/L的空气)的增殖(Deng,W.;Hamilton-Kemp,T.;Nielsen,M.;Anderson,R.;Collins,G.;Hilderbrand,D.“Effects of Six-Carbon Aldehydes and Alcohols on Bacterial Proliferation.”J.Agric.FoodChem.1993,v.41,506~510)。观察到250ug/ml的反式-2-己烯醛对抑制茎点霉菌丝体的生长有效(Saniewska,S.and M.Saniewski,2007.“The effect of trans-2-hexenal andtrans-2-nonaenal on the mycelium growth of Phoma narcissi in vitro,Rocz.AR.Pozn.CCCLXXXIII,Ogrodn.V.41,189~193”)。在控制水果中的霉菌的研究中,发现反式-2-己烯醛在40μL/L时对杏子不具有植物毒性,但它对桃子和油桃具有植物毒性(Neri,F.,M.Mari,S.Brigati and P.Bertolini,2007,“Fungicidal activity of plantvolatile compounds for controlling Monolinia laxa in stone fruit,”PlantDisease v.91,no.1,30~35)。反式-2-己烯醛(12.5μL/L)对控制产生青霉菌的扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum)有效(Neri,F.;Mari,M.;Menniti,A.;Brigati,S.;Bertolini,P.“Control of Penicillium expansum in pears and apples by trans-2-hexenalvapours.”Postharvest Biol.and Tech.2006,v.41,101~108.Neri,F.;Mari,M.;Menniti,A.M.;Brigati,S.“Activity of trans-2-hexenal against Penicilliumexpansum in‘Conference’pears.”J.Appl.Micrbiol.2006,v.100,1186~1193)。Hamilton-Kemp等人(J.Agric.Food Chem.1991,v.39,no.5,952~956)提出,反式-2-己烯醛蒸汽抑制葡萄孢孢子和苹果花粉的发芽。
美国专利申请号2007/0087094提出使用与少于50%的醇(异丙醇或异丙醇/乙醇)结合的至少两种一般认为安全(GRAS)的杀微生物活性化合物作为杀微生物剂。反式-2-己烯醛可为GRAS化合物之一。另外,Archbold等人观察到,将0.86mmol或1.71mmol(分别对应每1.1L容器100μL或200μL的纯净化合物)的反式-2-己烯醛用于无核鲜食葡萄的采后熏蒸(postharvest fumigation)2个星期表现出对控制霉菌的潜力(Archbold,D.;Hamilton-Kemp,T.;Clements,A.;Collins,R.“Fumigating‘Crimson Seedless’Table Grapes with(E)-2-Hexenal Reduces Mold during Long-term Postharvest Storage.”HortScience.1999,v.34,no.(4,705~707)。
美国专利5698599提出通过用反式-2-己烯醛处理抑制在食品中霉菌毒素产生的方法。反式-2-己烯醛完全抑制在8ng/L的空气浓度中黄曲霉(A.flavus)、特异青霉(P.notatum)、烟草赤星病菌(A.alternate)、尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum)、枝孢属物种(Cladosporium species)、枯草芽胞杆菌(B.subtilis)和根癌土壤杆菌(A.tumerfaciens)的生长。当比较反式-2-己烯醛与柠檬醛在控制饮料中酵母(105CFU/瓶)时,发现25ppm的反式-2-己烯醛且热处理(56℃下20分钟)相当于100~120ppm的柠檬醛。在没有热处理过的饮料中,需要35ppm的反式-2-己烯醛来稳定它们(Belletti,N.;Kamdem,S.;Patrignani,F.;Lanciotti,R.;Covelli,A.;Gardini,F.“Antimicrobial Activity of Aroma Compoundsagainst Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Improvement of Microbiological Stabilityof Soft Drinks as Assessed by Logistic Regression.”AEM.2007,v.73,no.17,5580~5586)。反式-2-己烯醛不仅已被用作抗微生物剂,而且还已观察到它有效控制昆虫。挥发物(即反式-2-己烯醛)对抗诸如赤拟谷盗(Tibolium castaneum)、谷蠹(Rhyzoperthadominica)、谷象(Sitophilus granaries)、米象(Sitophilus orazyzae)和锈赤扁谷盗(Cryptolestes perrugineus)的昆虫是有效的(Hubert,J.;Munzbergova,Z.;Santino,A.“Plant volatile aldehydes as natural insecticides against stored-productbeetles.”Pest Manag.Sci.2008,v.64,57~64)。美国专利6201026提出用于控制蚜虫的三个或更多个碳原子的有机醛。
几项专利提出反式-2-己烯醛作为香水或香料的使用。美国专利6596681提出了使用反式-2-己烯醛作为表面清洁的擦拭的香料。美国专利6387866、美国专利6960350和美国专利7638114提出了使用香精油或萜烯(例如,反式-2-己烯醛)作为抗微生物产品的香料。美国专利6479044公开了包含阴离子表面活性剂、聚阳离子抗细菌剂和水的抗细菌溶液,其中香精油作为香料添加。该香料可以是诸如反式-2-己烯醛的萜烯或另一种类型的萜烯。美国专利6323171、美国专利6121224和美国专利5911915公开了包含阳离子表面活性剂的抗微生物目的的微乳液,其中香精油作为香料添加。该香料能是包括反式-2-己烯醛的多种萜烯。美国专利6960350公开了抗真菌的香水,其中当组合使用不同的萜烯(例如,反式-2-己烯醛与苯甲醛)时发现协同效应。
反式-2-己烯醛的作用模式认为是通过由于反式-2-己烯醛与巯基部分或半胱氨酸残基的反应或具有肽和蛋白质的氨基基团的席夫碱的形成的细胞膜的改变(Deng,W.;Hamilton-Kemp,T.;Nielsen,M.;Anderson,R.;Collins,G.;Hilderbrand,D.“Effects ofSix-Carbon Aldehydes and Alcohols on Bacterial Proliferation.”J.Agric.FoodChem.1993,v.41,506~510)。反式-2-己烯醛报道为担当表面活性剂,但可能通过被动扩散渗透穿过质膜。一旦在细胞内部,其α,β-不饱和醛部分与生物学上重要的亲核基团反应。已知α,β-不饱和醛部分主要通过在生理条件下的1,4-加成与巯基基团反应(Patrignani,F.;Lucci,L.;Belletti,N.;Gardini,F.;Guerzoni,M.E.;Lanciotti,R.“Effects of sub-lethal concentrations of hexanal and 2-(E)-hexenal on membrane fatty acidcomposition and volatile compounds of Listeria monocytogenes,Staphylococcusaureus,Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli.”International J.FoodMicro.2008,v.123,1~8)。
反式-2-己烯醛是磷脂酶D的抑制剂,磷脂酶D是催化发生在许多类型的水果和蔬菜的成熟和熟化过程中的膜磷脂的水解的酶。因此,提出了反式-2-己烯醛可能会抑制熟化(美国公布申请号2005/0031744A1)。提出了反式-2-己烯醛对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制是由于脂质双层中的其分区的疏水键和氢键。电子传输***的破坏和膜的渗透性的扰动已被提出作为其它作用模式(Gardini,F.;Lanciotti,R.;Guerzoni,M.E.“Effect of trans-2-hexenal on the growth of Aspergillus flavus in relation toits concentration,temperature and water activity.”Letters inApp.Microbiology.2001,v.33,50~55)。扩展青霉腐烂的抑制可能是由于损坏发芽的分生孢子的真菌膜(Neri,F.;Mari,M.;Menniti,A.;Brigati,S.;Bertolini,P.“Control ofPenicillium expansum in pears and apples by trans-2-hexenal vapours.”Postharvest Biol.and Tech.2006,v.41,101~108;Neri,F.;Mari,M.;Menniti,A.M.;Brigati,S.“Activity of trans-2-hexenal against Penicillium expansum in‘Conference’pears.”J.Appl.Micrbiol.2006,v.100,1186~1193)。
已经进行反式-2-己烯醛与其它类似化合物的比较的研究。Deng等人表明不饱和挥发物反式-2-己烯醛和反式-2-己烯-1-醇比饱和挥发物己醛和1-己醇表现出更大的抑制效果(Deng,W.;Hamilton-Kemp,T.;Nielsen,M.;Anderson,R.;Collins,G.;Hilderbrand,D.“Effects of Six-Carbon Aldehydes and Alcohols on Bacterial Proliferation.”J.Agric.Food Chem.1993,v.41,506~510)。对于所有美国型培养菌种集(ATCC)菌株反式-2-己烯醛比己醛、壬醛和反式-2-辛烯醛具有更高的活性(Bisignano,G.;Lagana,M.G.;Trombetta,D.;Arena,S.;Nostro,A.;Uccella,N.;Mazzanti,G.;Saija,A.“In vitroantibacterial activity of some aliphatic aldehydes from Olea europaea L.”FEMSMicrobiology Letters.2001,v.198,9~13)。其他人已发现,根据对几种霉菌的测定,(E)-2-己烯醛比己醛、1-己醇、(E)-2-己烯-1-醇和(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇具有较低的最低真菌生长抑制浓度,基本上醛>酮>醇(Andersen,R.A.;Hamilton-Kemp,T.;Hilderbrand,D.F.;McCraken Jr.,C.T.;Collins,R.W.;Fleming,P.D.Structure—Antifungal ActivityRelationships among Volatile C6and C9Aliphatic Aldehydes,Ketones,andAlcohols.J.Agric.Food Chem.1994,v.42,1563~1568)。在抑制沙门氏菌上反式-2-己烯醛和己酸比己醇更有效(Kubo,I.And K.Fujita,“Naturally Occurring Anti-SalmonellaAgents.”J.Agric.Food Chem.2001,v.49,5750~5754)。
Muroi等人提出反式-2-己烯醛表现出广泛的抗微生物活性,但其生物活性(50~400μg/mL)通常未强力到足以考虑到实际应用(Muroi,H.;Kubo,A.;Kubo,I.“Antimicrobial Activity of Cashew Apple Flavor Compounds,”J.Agric.FoodChem.1993,v.41,1106~1109)。研究已表明反式-2己烯醛能增强某些类型的抗微生物剂的效力。几项专利提出氨基糖苷类抗生素的增效剂(美国专利5663152)、多粘菌素抗生素的增效剂(美国专利5776919和美国专利5587358)的使用。这些增效剂能包括吲哚、茴香脑、3-甲基吲哚、2-羟基-6-R-苯甲酸或反式-2-己烯醛。当反式-2-庚烯醛(trans-2-eptenal)、反式-2-壬烯醛、反式-2-癸烯醛和(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛一起被测试(比例1:1:1:1)对抗ATCC和临床隔离的微生物菌株时,观察到强大的协同效应(Bisignano,G.;Lagana,M.G.;Trombetta,D.;Arena,S.;Nostro,A.;Uccella,N.;Mazzanti,G.;Saija,A.”In vitroantibacterial activity of some aliphatic aldehydes from Olea europaea L.”FEMSMicrobiology Letters.2001,v.198,9~13)。
人类每天都通过食品和饮料的消耗而接触反式-2-己烯醛。人类接触的反式-2-己烯醛是约350μg/kg/天,98%来自天然源和2%来自人造调味料。反式-2-己烯醛对人体有毒是不太可能的,因为在鼠中的毒性含量高于人体正常摄入量的30倍(Stout,M.D.;Bodes,E.;Schoonhoven,R.;Upton,P.B.;Travlos,G.S.;Swenberg,J.A.“Toxicity,DNA Binding,and Cell Proliferation in Male F344Rats following Short-term Gavage Exposuresto Trans-2-Hexenal.”Soc.Toxicologic.Pathology March 24 2008,1533~1601online)。在另一鼠研究中,供给0、260、640、1600或4000ppm膳食含量的反式-2-己烯醛喂养13周没有引起血液参数或器官重量的任何变化。4000ppm时体重和摄入量减少,但不显著(Gaunt,I.F.;Colley,J.“Acute and Short-term Toxicity Studies on trans-2-Hexenal.”Fd Cosmet.Toxicol.1971,v.9,775~786)。
即使在水果中,梨和苹果暴露于反式-2-己烯醛(12.5μL/L)24小时至7天不影响水果外观、色泽、硬度、可溶性固体含量或可滴定的酸度。在训练有素的尝味员中,未经处理的和反式-2-己烯醛处理的“金冠(Golden Delicious)”苹果的感官质量没有观察到显著差异,然而在“巴梨(Bartlett)”、“阿贝提(Abate Fetel)”和“皇家嘎啦(Royal Gala)”水果中察觉到异味的保持(Neri,F.;Mari,M.;Menniti,A.;Brigati,S.;Bertolini,P.Control ofPenicillium expansum in pears and apples by trans-2-hexenalvapours.Postharvest Biol.and Tech.2006,41,101~108;Neri,F.;Mari,M.;Menniti,A.M.;Brigati,S.Activity of trans-2-hexenal against Penicillium expansum in‘Conference’pears.J.Appl.Micrbiol.2006,v.100,1186~1193)。
浓度1.8μg的反式-2-己烯醛/mL的空气几乎100%抑制大豆种子发芽。当发芽的种子暴露到醛的饱和蒸汽中时,生长抑制的顺序是反式-2-己烯醛>己醛>反式-2-壬烯醛(Gardner,H.W.;Dornbos Jr.,D.L.;Desjardins,A.E.Hexenal,trans-2-Hexenal,andtrans-2-Nonenal Inhibit Soybean,Glycine max,Seed Germination.J.Agric.FoodChem.1990,v.38,1316~1320)。
现有技术并没有提出或观察到有机酸与反式-2-己烯醛的组合使用协同改进两种组分中任一种自身的抗微生物活性。已提出与香精油和作为抗生素增效剂组合的协同作用。
商业霉菌抑制剂和杀细菌剂由单一的有机酸或有机酸和甲醛的混合物组成。这些酸主要是丙酸、苯甲酸、丁酸、乙酸和甲酸。有机酸已是降低食源性感染发生率的主要添加剂。短链脂肪酸发挥它们的抗微生物活性的机制在于未离解的(RCOOH=非电离)酸是脂渗透的,而且以这种方式它们能穿过微生物的细胞壁并在微生物更碱性的内部离解(RCOOH—>RCOO-+H+)使细胞质生存不稳定(Van Immerseel,F.,J.B.Russell,M.D.Flythe,I.Gantois,L.Timbermont,F.Pasmans,F.Haesebrouck,and R.Ducatelle.2006,“The useof organic acids to combat Salmonella in poultry:a mechanistic explanation ofthe efficacy,”Avian Pathology.v.35,no.3,182~188;Paster,N.1979,“A commercialstudy of the efficiency of propionic acid and calcium propionate asfungistats in poultry feed,”Poult.Sci.v.58,572~576)。
丙酸是比乙酸、戊酸、丁酸、乳酸和苯甲酸更强力的霉菌抑制剂。不同于需要超过0.5%的其它有机酸,丙酸具有0.05%~0.25%的有效剂量(Higgins C.and F.Brinkhaus,1999,“Efficacy of several organic acids against mold,”J.Applied PoultryRes.v.8,480~487)。
喂食用0.5%的含有80%丙酸和20%的乙酸的混合物处理的玉米对刚断奶的猪的表现没有有害影响(Rahnema,S.and S.M.Neal,1992,Preservation and use ofchemically treated high-moisture corn by weanling pigs,J.Prod.Agric.v.5,no.4,458~461)。在肉鸡中,添加0、0.1、0.2、0.3和0.4%的乙酸到水中不影响肉鸡的表现或肉鸡的肠微生物数量(Akbari,M.R.,H.Kermanshani and G.A.Kalidari,2004,“Effect ofacetic acid administration in drinking water on performance growthcharacteristics and ileal microflora of broiler chickens,”J.Sci.&Technol.Agric.&Natur.Resour.8(3):148)。
壬酸(正壬酸)是天然存在的脂肪酸。它是在较低温度下变成固体的油性无色液体。与丁酸相比它有微弱的气味而且几乎不溶于水。壬酸已被用作非选择性除草剂。Scythe(57%壬酸、3%的相关脂肪酸和40%的惰性材料)是由Mycogen/Dow Chemicals生产的广谱萌发后或烧毁性(burn-down)除草剂。壬酸的除草作用模式首先是由于在黑暗和日光过程中的膜渗漏并且第二是由于在日光过程中通过敏化从类囊体膜移位的叶绿素产生的自由基驱动的过氧化反应(B.Lederer,T.Fujimori.,Y.Tsujino,K.Wakabayashi and P.Boger,2004“Phytotoxic activity of middle-chain fatty acids II:peroxidation andmembrane effects.”Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 80,151~156)。
Chadeganipour和Haims(2001)表明:中等链长的脂肪酸阻止石膏样小孢子菌生长的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)在固体介质上是0.02mg/ml癸酸,0.04mg/ml壬酸;在液体介质中是0.075mg/ml癸酸和0.05mg/ml壬酸。这些酸独立地并且不是作为混合物地被测试(Chadeganipour and Haims,2001“Antifungal activities of pelargonic and capricacid on Microsporum gypseum”Mycoses v.44,no3~4,109~112)。N.Hirazawa等人(“Antiparasitic effect of medium-chain fatty acids against ciliatedCrptocaryon irritans infestation in the red sea bream Pagrus major,”2001,Aquaculture v.198,219~228)发现:壬酸和C6~C10脂肪酸一样对控制寄生虫刺激隐核虫(C.irritans)的生长有效;C8,C9和C19是更有效力的。发现用于可可植物的生物防治的哈茨木霉菌(Trichoderma harzianum)产生作为许多化学物质之一的有效地控制可可病原体的发芽和生长的壬酸。
几项美国专利公开了使用壬酸作为杀真菌剂和杀细菌剂:美国公布申请号2004/026685公开了由一种或多种脂肪酸和不同于该脂肪酸的一种或多种有机酸组成的农业用途的杀真菌剂。在该有机酸和该脂肪酸的混合物中,该有机酸充当脂肪酸的强力协作剂以用作杀真菌剂。美国专利5366995公开了通过使用脂肪酸和它们的衍生物消除植物中真菌感染和细菌感染并提高植物中杀真菌剂和杀细菌剂活性的方法。该制剂由用于控制植物真菌的80%的壬酸和它的盐组成。使用的脂肪酸主要是C9~C18。美国专利5342630公开了含有增强C8~C22脂肪酸效力的无机盐的用于植物用途的新型杀虫剂。其中一个例子示出了具有2%的壬酸、2%的癸酸、80%的滑石、10%的碳酸钠和5%的碳酸钾的粉末状产品。美国专利5093124公开了包含α单羧酸和它们的盐的用于植物的杀真菌剂和杀节肢动物剂(arthropodice)。优选杀真菌剂含有部分被诸如钾的活性碱金属中和的C9~C10脂肪酸。描述的混合物由溶解在水中的40%的活性成分组成并包括10%的壬酸、10%的癸酸和20%的椰子脂肪酸,所有的酸都被氢氧化钾中和。美国专利6596763公开了使用C6~C18脂肪酸或它们的衍生物控制皮肤感染的方法。美国专利6103768和美国专利6136856公开了消除植物中现存的真菌感染和细菌感染的脂肪酸及其衍生物的独特效用。该方法不是预防性的而是对已经建立的感染表现出有效性。具有80%的壬酸、2%的乳化剂和18%的表面活性剂的商用产品Sharpshooter表现出抗青霉菌和灰葡萄孢菌的有效性。美国专利6638978公开了由甘油脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸(C6~C18)和第二脂肪酸(C6~C18)的二元混合物组成的用于食品保存的抗微生物性防腐剂,其中第二脂肪酸不同于第一脂肪酸。WO01/97799公开了作为抗微生物剂的中等链长脂肪酸的使用。它表明pH值从6.5到7.5的增长增加含有6-至8-碳链的短链脂肪酸的MIC。
壬酸被用作在食品加工场所中的食品接触表面消毒液的成分。来自Ecolab公司的含有6.49%的壬酸作为活性成分的产品可用作所有食品接触表面的消毒剂(12CFR178.1010 b)。FDA已批准壬酸作为合成食品调味剂(21CFR172.515),作为用于与食品接触(12CFR178.1010)以及在水果和蔬菜的碱液去皮中洗涤或辅助(12CFR173.315)的辅料、生产辅助和消毒剂。壬酸被包括在美国农业部(USDA)授权物质的清单中,1990,第5.14节,水果蔬菜洗涤用化合物(Authorized Substances,1990,section 5.14,Fruit andVegetable Washing Compounds)。
如乙氧基化蓖麻油的乳化剂或乙氧基化非离子型表面活性剂是由油与环氧乙烷的反应所产生的。取决于合成过程中使用的环氧乙烷的数量,乙氧基化蓖麻油乳化剂具有多种链长。生产也被命名为PEG-x(聚乙二醇)蓖麻油乳化剂的乙氧基化蓖麻油乳化剂,其中“x”是环氧乙烷分子的数目,摩尔比能从1分子的蓖麻油和1~2000分子的环氧乙烷变化。(Fruijtier-Polloth,Claudia,2005,“Safety assessment on polyethylene glycols(PEGs)and their derivatives as used in cosmetic products”Toxicology,v.214,1~38)。这些乳化剂已被广泛地用于溶解用于人类和动物治疗的非水溶性药物。它们是非挥发性的稳定化合物,储存中不水解或变坏。蓖麻油是从蓖麻(Ricinus communis)的种子获得的并且主要由蓖麻油酸、异蓖麻油酸、硬脂酸和二羟基硬脂酸的三酸甘油酯组成。蓖麻油是90%的蓖麻油酸(12-羟基油酸),其是无毒、可生物降解且可再生的资源。
关于乙氧基化蓖麻油表面活性剂的用途的几项PCT申请已被提交。WO99/60865涉及热处理之前或之后添加到动物饲料中的表面活性剂-水的乳液。该专利涉及在热处理过程中帮助保持或减少水的损失的乳液。上述乳液由1~8份水和.005~0.5份表面活性剂组成。WO97/28896涉及用于促进糖蜜分散的表面活性剂的使用。WO96/11585涉及在动物饲料中用于饲料的营养价值的提高的乙氧基化蓖麻油的使用。WO95/28091涉及为了增加动物生长和降低死亡率,添加乙氧基化蓖麻油到饲料中以提高在传统干动物饲料中营养物质的利用率。这四项专利提及了乙氧基化蓖麻油表面活性剂的添加,优选乳液,以提高动物饲料中存在的疏水性物质的消化率,并没有表明对饲料的生产或饲料中霉菌生长的预防上的任何好处。
一般认为安全(GRAS)的萜烯广泛存在于自然界,主要作为香精油的组分存在于植
物中。它们的基础结构单元是异戊二烯烃(C5H8)n。萜烯的例子包括柠檬醛、蒎烯、橙花醇、b-
紫罗兰酮、香叶醇、香芹酚、丁子香酚、香芹酮、松油醇(terpeniol)、茴香脑、樟脑、薄荷醇、
柠檬烯、橙花叔醇、法尼醇、叶绿醇、胡萝卜素、鲨烯、百里香酚、生育三烯酚、紫苏醇、龙脑、月
桂烯、西门烯(simene)、蒈烯、松香烯(terpenene)、芳樟醇和其它。香叶醇、生育三烯酚、紫
苏醇、b-紫罗兰酮和d-柠檬烯抑制胆固醇合成中的限速步骤的肝脏HMG-COA还原酶的活性,
并适当地降低动物的胆固醇含量(Elson C.E.and S.G.Yu,1994,“The Chemoprevention
of Cancer by Mevalonate-Derived Constituents of Fruits and Vegetables,”
J.Nutr.v.124,607~614)。D-柠檬烯和香叶醇减少乳腺肿瘤(Elgebede,J.A.,C.E.Elson,
A.Qureshi,M.A.Tanner and M.N.Gould,1984,“Inhibition of DMBA-Induced Mammary
Cancer by Monoterpene D-limonene,”Carcinogensis v.5,no.5,661~664;Elgebede,
J.A.,C.E.Elson,A.Qureshi,M.A.Tanner and M.N.Gould,1986,“Regression of Rat
Primary Mammary Tumors Following Dietary D-limonene,”J.Nat'l Cancer Institute
v.76,no.2,323~325;Karlson,J.,A.K.Borg,R.Unelius,M.C.Shoshan,N.Wilking,
U.Ringborg and S.Linder,1996,“Inhibition of Tumor Cell Growth By Monoterpenes
In Vitro:Evidence of a Ras-Independent Mechanism of Action,”Anticancer Drugs
v.7,no.4,422~429)并抑制移植肿瘤的生长(Yu,S.G.,P.J.Anderson and C.E.Elson,
1995,“The Efficacy of B-ionone in the Chemoprevention of Rat Mammary
Carcinogensis,”J.Agri.Food Chem.v.43,2144~2147)。
萜烯也已被发现能抑制细菌和真菌的体外生长(Chaumont J.P.and D.Leger,1992,“Campaign Against Allergic Moulds in Dwellings,Inhibitor Properties ofEssential Oil Geranium"Bourbon,"Citronellol,Geraniol and Citral,”Ann.Pharm.Frv.50,no.3,156~166),以及一些内部寄生虫和外部寄生虫的体外生长(Hooser,S.B.,V.R.Beasly and J.J.Everitt,1986,Effects of an Insecticidal Dip Containing D-limonene in the Cat,J.Am.Vet.Med.Assoc.v.189,no.8,905~908)。香叶醇被发现通过增加钾渗漏的速率和破坏膜流动性来抑制白色念珠菌菌株(Candida albicans)和酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)菌株的生长(Bard,M.,M.R.Albert,N.Gupta,C.J.Guuynnand W.Stillwell,1988,Geraniol Interferes with Membrane Functions in Strainsof Candida and Saccharomyces,Lipids v.23,no.6,534~538)。由琼脂中孢子发芽的抑制和生长抑制确定,B-紫罗兰酮具有抗真菌活性(Mikhlin E.D.,V.P.Radina,A.A.Dmitrossky,L.P.Blinkova,and L.G.Button,1983,Antifungal and AntimicrobialActivity of Some Derivatives of Beta-Ionone and Vitamin A,Prikl BiokhimMikrobiol,v.19,795~803;Salt,S.D.,S.Tuzun and J.Kuc,1986,Effects of B-iononeand Abscisic Acid on the Growth of Tobacco and Resistance to Blue Mold,Mimicry the Effects of Stem Infection by Peronospora Tabacina,AdamPhysiol.Molec.Plant Path v.28,287~297)。替普瑞酮(Terprenone)(香叶基香叶基丙酮,geranylgeranylacetone)对幽门螺旋杆菌(H.pylor)具有抗细菌作用(Ishii,E.,1993,Antibacterial Activity of Terprenone,a Non Water-Soluble Antiulcer Agent,Against Helicobacter Pylori,Int.J.Med.Microbiol.Virol.Parasitol.Infect.Dis.v.280,no.1~2,239~243)。在体外测试中11种不同萜烯的溶液有效抑制病原性细菌的生长(Kim,J.,M.Marshall and C.Wei,1995,Antibacterial Activity of Some Essential Oil Components Against FiveFoodborne Pathogens,J.Agric.Food Chem.v.43,2839~2845)。二萜,即毛果香茶菜醛A(来自毛果香茶菜R.Trichocarpa),已表现出出对幽门螺旋杆菌很强的抗细菌作用(Kadota,S.,P.Basnet,E.Ishii,T.Tamura and T.Namba,1997,Antibacterial Activityof Trichorabdal A from Rabdosia Trichocarpa Against Helicobacter Pylori,Zentralbl.Bakteriol v.287,no.1 63~67)。1989年,Owawunmi(Evaluation of theAntimicrobial Activity of Citral,Letters in Applied Microbiology v.9,no.3,105~108),表明具有大于0.01%柠檬醛的生长介质降低大肠杆菌的浓度,而且在0.08%时有杀细菌作用。美国专利5673468教导了基于松树油的用作消毒或抗菌清洁剂的萜烯制剂。美国专利5849956教导了水稻中发现的萜烯具有抗真菌活性。美国专利5939050教导了与2种或3种萜烯结合的口腔卫生抗微生物产品,该产品表现出协同效应。
发明内容
本发明的目的是通过基于有机酸的总重量,包括至少10wt%的反式-2-己烯醛的醛来提高有机酸对动物饲料的杀菌效果。抗微生物组合物可以是与醛组合的包含一种有机酸或几种有机酸的混合物的水性溶液。
该组合物还可以包含乙氧基化非离子型表面活性剂。
该组合物还可以包含抗微生物的萜烯或香精油。
上述有机酸可具有1~24个碳的链长度,并且可以是饱和的、不饱和的、环状的,并且能被含卤素、羟基、氨基、醚或酯部分的官能团取代。
上述表面活性剂可以是具有4~18的HLB(亲水亲油平衡值)的乙氧基化蓖麻油表面活性剂。它也可以包括其它非离子、离子或两性的(amphoretic)表面活性剂或者诸如吐温的其它类似性质的表面活性剂。
上述组合物的萜烯可以包含烯丙基二硫化物、百里香酚、柠檬醛、丁子香酚、香芹酚、柠檬烯、香芹酮或它们的混合物。
除了反式-2-己烯醛,上述组合物还可以包含由脂氧合酶途径产生的挥发性醛,包括:(2E,6Z)-壬二烯醛、反式-2-壬烯醛和其它的α,β-不饱和脂肪醛,即:丙烯醛、反式-2-丁烯醛、2-甲基-2-丁烯醛、2-甲基-(E)-2-丁烯醛、2-戊烯醛、反式-2-己烯-1-醇、2-甲基-2-戊醛、2-异丙基丙烯醛、2-乙基-2-丁烯醛、2-乙基-2-己烯醛、(Z)-3-己烯醛、3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯醛、3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛、(2E)-3,7-二甲基-2-6-辛二烯醛、(2Z)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛、反式-2-壬烯醛、(2E,6Z)-壬二烯醛、10-十一醛、2-十二烯醛和其它具有抗微生物和调味料性能的α,β-不饱和脂肪醛以及各自的醇和酸的形式。
本发明的混合物包含1~90wt%的有机酸和5~99%的反式-2-己烯醛。
该混合物可以包含0~90wt%,优选10~55wt%的乙酸。
该混合物可以包含0~90wt%,优选10~55wt%的丁酸。
该混合物可以包含0~90wt%,优选10~55wt%的丙酸。
该混合物可以包含0~90wt%,优选5~10wt%的壬酸。
该混合物可以包含0~90wt%,优选10~40wt%的乳酸。
该混合物可以包含0~90wt%,优选10~55wt%的甲酸。
该混合物可以包含0~90wt%,优选20~30wt%的琥珀酸。
该混合物可以包含0~90wt%,优选1~10wt%的月桂酸。
该混合物可以包含0~90wt%,优选1~5wt%的肉豆蔻酸。
该混合物可以包含0~90wt%,优选5~20wt%的辛酸。
该混合物可以包含0~90wt%,优选1~20wt%的乙酰丙酸。
该混合物可以包含0~90wt%,优选1~30wt%的挥发性的α,β-不饱和脂肪醛。
该混合物可以包含0~50wt%,优选0.5~7wt%的以体积计的萜烯。
该混合物可以包含0~50wt%,优选0.5~7wt%的抗微生物的萜烯。
该混合物可以包含0~20wt%,优选0.5~10wt%的以体积计的表面活性剂。
该混合物可以包含0.5~10wt%,优选1~5.0wt%的具有1~200个乙烯分子的乙氧基化蓖麻油表面活性剂。
本发明的混合物可以包含0.5~10wt%,优选1~5.0wt%的具有与乙氧基化蓖麻油表面活性剂类似的性质的表面活性剂。
本发明的混合物可以包含0~97wt%,优选1~20wt%的水。
该组合物有效地对抗存在于饲料和主要饲料成分中的多种真菌。
该组合物有效地对抗存在于饲料和主要饲料成分中的多种细菌。
该组合物有效地对抗存在于水中的多种细菌和真菌。
该组合物有效地对抗对来自纤维素、淀粉或糖的发酵的醇的生产不利的微生物。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种处理动物饲料的方法,该方法包括将动物饲料与有效量的抗微生物组合物混合,该抗微生物组合物包含:基于总重量,1~90wt%的C1~C24有机酸;基于总重量,10~55wt%的α,β-不饱和脂肪醛,例如反式-2-己烯醛,只要α,β-不饱和脂肪醛构成所述有机酸和醛的混合物的至少5wt%;基于总重量,0~30wt%的萜烯;基于总重量,0~10wt%的表面活性剂;以及水。
具体实施方式
定义
成分的“体积百分数”是基于其中包含该成分的制剂或组合物的总体积。
组合物的“有机酸”可以是甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、壬酸、乳酸和其它C2~C24脂肪酸或含有C1~C24脂肪酸的单酸甘油酯、双酸甘油酯或三酸甘油酯。这些脂肪酸包含短链、中链、长链脂肪酸或短链、中链、长链三酸甘油酯。
该组合物的α,β-不饱和脂肪醛可以是丙烯醛、反式-2-丁烯醛、2-甲基-2-丁烯醛、2-甲基-(E)-2-丁烯醛、反式-2己烯醛、2-戊烯醛、反式-2-己烯-1-醇、2-甲基-2-戊醛、2-异丙基丙烯醛、2-乙基-2-丁烯醛、2-乙基-2-己烯醛、(Z)-3-己烯醛、3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯醛、3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛、(2E)-3,7-二甲基-2-6-辛二烯醛、(2Z)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛、反式-2-壬烯醛、(2E,6Z)-壬二烯醛、10-十一醛、2-十二烯醛和其它具有抗微生物和调味料性能的α,β-不饱和脂肪醛以及各自的醇和酸的形式。
组合物的“抗微生物萜烯”可以包括烯丙基二硫化物、柠檬醛、蒎烯、橙花醇、香叶醇、香芹酚、丁子香酚、香芹酮、茴香脑、樟脑、薄荷醇、柠檬烯,法尼醇、胡萝卜素、百里香酚、龙脑、月桂烯、松香烯、芳樟醇及它们的混合物。更具体地,该萜烯可以包括烯丙基二硫化物、百里香酚、柠檬醛、丁子香酚、柠檬烯、香芹酚、香芹酮或它们的混合物。
术语“有效量”的化合物是指:能够发挥该化合物的功能或所表达的有效量的性能的数量,诸如无毒性但足以提供需要的抗微生物益处的量。因此,合适的有效量可以由一个本领域内普通技术人员仅使用常规实验来确定。
制剂不仅能在主要成分即有机酸的浓度方面变化;还可以在醛的类型、萜烯的类型、表面活性剂的类型和水的浓度方面变化。本发明能通过从制剂中添加或去除萜烯、有机酸的类型、醛的类型和表面活性剂的类型的几种方式而改进。
术语“协同效应”或“协同作用”是指:当该成分作为混合物而不是作为单独的组分被添加时,提高了防腐效果。
组合物
本发明的组合物包含有效量的1~24个碳的链的有机酸和有效量的α,β-不饱和脂肪醛,例如反式-2-己烯醛。
可使用包含萜烯的抗微生物萜烯、植物提取物或香精油,以及更纯化的萜烯。萜烯容易商购或能通过本领域已知的多种方法生产,诸如溶剂萃取或蒸汽提取/蒸馏以及化学合成。
表面活性剂是非离子型的,包括具有1~2000、优选20~100个聚乙烯连接体的乙氧基化蓖麻油表面活性剂。
优选的组合物包含1~90wt%的有机酸和1~30%的反式-2-己烯醛,其中,该有机酸可以是10~55wt%的乙酸、10~55wt%的丙酸、10~40wt%的乳酸或5.0~10wt%的壬酸以及它们的混合物。优选的组合物还可以包含0.5~7wt%的萜烯、0.5~10wt%的表面活性剂和1.0~10wt%的水。
方法
本发明对抗细菌和真菌是有效的。本发明以在整体饲料中提供混合物均一且均匀分布的形式而应用。
本发明可以应用于水。
本发明可以应用于在进入混合器之前的原料。
本发明可以应用于混合器中未混合的原料。
本发明可在混合原料成分的过程中应用。
本发明可以通过喷嘴被应用。
目标之一是控制饲料和饲料原料(feedstuffs)中微生物的数量。有机酸、萜烯和醛的几种混合物形成表现出有效对抗缓冲液和饲料中的细菌的制剂。另一目标是用天然存在的化合物或安全使用的(safe-to-use)化合物配制抗微生物剂。本发明中使用的所有化学品都是当前批准用于人类的抗微生物剂、香味增强剂或香精(perfumery)。
当反式-2-己烯醛被添加到有机酸和萜烯中时,存在意想不到的结果,即超出相加效应(additive effects)的协同作用。
整个本公开文件中多个公布文件被参考,其在此通过参考全文并入本申请中。
实施例
实施例1和2
过程:制备下面的制剂用以重复体外研究。所有试剂均为最高纯度和实验室级。对于乙酸,制备成56%的溶液。由于溶解度的问题,在水中稀释琥珀酸到5%的溶液。为了比较的目的,对两种商业产品甲酸/丙酸共混物和甲醛/丙酸共混物进行测试。
*CO-60是具有60个乙烯单元的乙氧基化蓖麻油表面活性剂。
将鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的悬浮液添加到含有0.05%(500ppm)的每种制剂的两个试管中。在室温下,将该试管涡旋,培养24小时,然后在计数沙门氏菌菌落之前,将该溶液涂敷在SMA(标准方法琼脂)上48小时。
结果:下表显示了几种制剂在控制沙门氏菌生长上是有效的。
结果:研究1和研究2
结论:上述制剂产生对抗沙门氏菌的不同响应。具有更高含量的反式-2-己烯醛和乳酸的制剂表现优于除基于甲醛和甲酸的产品之外的其它所有制剂。
实施例3.
过程:从先前的体外研究中,选择六种制剂测试它们对抗饲料中沙门氏菌的有效性。为了比较的目的,对甲醛/丙酸的共混物进行测试。用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的肉骨粉接种体(meat and bone meal inoculum)对家禽粉状饲料进行改变。然后用1kg/MT、2kg/MT和3kg/MT之一的下列制剂处理受污染的饲料。24小时后,将10g处理过的饲料的子样品悬浮在90ml的Butterfield缓冲液中。在计数沙门氏菌菌落之前,将稀释物涂敷在XLT-4琼脂上,并且在37℃下培养48小时。将用于本实验的配方示于下表中。
*CO-60是具有60个乙烯单元的乙氧基化蓖麻油表面活性剂。
结果:下表显示了几种制剂在控制沙门氏菌的生长上是有效的。
结论:包含反式-2-己烯醛的配方表现出更大的对抗沙门氏菌的有效性。与基于甲醛(33%的甲醛)和甲酸的产品相比,具有高含量的反式-2-己烯醛产生相似的有效性。
实施例4
过程:选择五种制剂测试它们对抗饲料中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的有效性。用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的肉骨粉接种体对家禽粉状饲料进行改变。然后用1kg/MT、2kg/MT和3kg/MT之一的下列制剂处理受污染的饲料。24小时后,将10g处理过的饲料的子样品悬浮在90ml的Butterfield缓冲液中。在计数沙门氏菌菌落之前,将稀释物涂敷在XLT-4琼脂上,并且在37℃下培养48小时。沙门氏菌计数处理之后7天和14天,获取另外的样品。将使用的配方示于下表中。
*CO-60是具有60个乙烯单元的乙氧基化蓖麻油表面活性剂。
结果:下表显示了几种制剂在控制沙门氏菌上是有效的。
结论:所有配方都致使饲料中沙门氏菌数量的减少。具有低含量反式-2-己醛(<15%)的配方不像其它配方一样有效。
实施例5
过程:将包含反式-2-己烯醛的制剂#17和#18与包含较少量的该醛但乳酸含量增加的其它六种制剂相比。用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的肉骨粉接种体对家禽粉状饲料进行改变。然后用1kg/MT、2kg/MT和3kg/MT之一的下列制剂处理受污染的饲料。24小时后,将10g处理过的饲料的子样品悬浮在90ml的Butterfield缓冲液中。在计数沙门氏菌菌落之前,将稀释物涂敷在XLT-4琼脂上,并且在37℃下培养48小时。沙门氏菌计数处理之后7天和14天,获取另外的样品。将使用的配方示于在下表中。
*CO-60是具有60个乙烯单元的乙氧基化蓖麻油表面活性剂。
结果:下表显示了几种制剂在控制沙门氏菌上是有效的。
结论:通过降低反式-2-己烯醛的含量(5%~25%)并增加乳酸的含量(增加至26%~40%),与高含量的反式-2-己烯醛(30%)相比,得到相似的响应。
实施例6
过程:来自实施例5测试的七种制剂中的四种制剂表现出令人满意的对抗鼠伤寒沙门氏菌效果。在本研究中,测试新制剂(配方27)和基于甲醛(33%甲醛)的抗微生物剂。用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的肉骨粉接种体对家禽粉状饲料进行改变。然后用1kg/MT、2kg/MT和3kg/MT之一的下列制剂处理受污染的饲料。24小时后,将10g处理过的饲料的子样品悬浮在90ml的Butterfield缓冲液中。在计数沙门氏菌菌落之前,将稀释物涂敷在XLT-4琼脂上,并且在37℃下培养48小时。沙门氏菌计数处理之后7天、14天和21天,获取另外的样品。将使用的配方示于下表中。
*CO-60是具有60个乙烯单元的乙氧基化蓖麻油表面活性剂。
结果:下表显示了几种制剂在控制沙门氏菌上是有效的。
*甲醛(33%)/丙酸共混物
结论:处理之后2周或3周,所有制剂都产生大于90%的有效性。
实施例7
本实验将要确定处理后配方#18是否具有残余活性。用Romer磨粉机将商业家禽饲料研磨成细粒度以确保接种体均一混入该饲料。将饲料(1kg子样品)转移到被随机分配待处理的1加仑玻璃罐中。在用0kg/吨、1kg/吨、2kg/吨或3kg/吨的配方#18处理之前,1加仑玻璃罐中的内容物被添加到实验室规模的混合器中并且混合1~2分钟。对于每种处理水平重复一次重复应用。处理之后,饲料用10g沙门氏菌接种体二次污染并且额外混合2~3分钟。该混合器的内容物被转移到原来的1加仑玻璃罐中,加盖并且在室温下(23~24℃)静置1天。使用无菌技术的再污染之后24小时、7天和14天,获取饲料样品(3个10g的子样品/处理)。子样品被转移到含有100mL的Butterfield缓冲液的稀释瓶中。将系列稀释物涂敷在2个分开的XLT-4琼脂上。在计数沙门氏菌前,在37℃下培养琼脂板48小时。
平均来自不同时间间隔的三个重复样品/处理的沙门氏菌水平并且报道在下面的表中。
观察到:饲料已被沙门氏菌污染之后14天,配方#18保持有效性。
对本领域技术人员显而易见的是,在本发明内可以做出若干修改和变更而不背离本发明的范围。本说明书和实施例应认为仅是示例性的,而不是限制性的,本发明的真实范围和精神由所附权利要求书指定。
Claims (22)
1.一种抗沙门氏菌组合物,所述抗沙门氏菌组合物为水性溶液,所述抗沙门氏菌组合物包含:
基于总重量,50~90wt%的C1~C24有机酸,所述有机酸选自由乙酸、丁酸、丙酸、乳酸、壬酸以及它们的混合物组成的组,
基于总重量,5~30wt%的反式-2-己烯醛,
基于总重量,0~50wt%的萜烯,
基于总重量,0~20wt%的表面活性剂,以及
水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述表面活性剂是具有4~18的亲水亲油平衡值HLB的乙氧基化蓖麻油表面活性剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述表面活性剂是具有1~200个乙烯分子的乙氧基化蓖麻油表面活性剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述萜烯选自由烯丙基二硫化物、柠檬醛、蒎烯、橙花醇、香叶醇、香芹酚、丁子香酚、香芹酮、茴香脑、樟脑、薄荷醇、柠檬烯,法尼醇、胡萝卜素、百里香酚、龙脑、月桂烯、松香烯、芳樟醇以及它们的混合物组成的组。
5.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述组合物还包含2-戊烯醛。
6.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述组合物包含5wt%的壬酸、11~25wt%的乙酸、20~50wt%的丙酸和10~30wt%的反式-2-己烯醛。
7.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述组合物包含5wt%的壬酸、11wt%的乙酸、50wt%的丙酸和25wt%的反式-2-己烯醛。
8.一种处理动物饲料的方法,所述方法包括:
将动物饲料与有效量的抗沙门氏菌组合物混合,所述抗沙门氏菌组合物为水性溶液,所述抗沙门氏菌组合物包含:
基于总重量,50~90wt%的C1~C24有机酸,所述有机酸选自由乙酸、丁酸、丙酸、乳酸、壬酸以及它们的混合物组成的组,
基于总重量,5~30wt%的反式-2-己烯醛,
基于总重量,0~50wt%的萜烯,
基于总重量,0~20wt%的表面活性剂,以及
水。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,所述表面活性剂是具有4~18的亲水亲油平衡值HLB的乙氧基化蓖麻油表面活性剂。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,所述表面活性剂是具有1~200个乙烯分子的乙氧基化蓖麻油表面活性剂。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,所述萜烯选自由烯丙基二硫化物、柠檬醛、蒎烯、橙花醇、香叶醇、香芹酚、丁子香酚、香芹酮、茴香脑、樟脑、薄荷醇、柠檬烯,法尼醇、胡萝卜素、百里香酚、龙脑、月桂烯、松香烯、芳樟醇以及它们的混合物组成的组。
12.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,所述组合物还包含2-戊烯醛。
13.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,所述组合物包含5wt%的壬酸、11~25wt%的乙酸、20~50wt%的丙酸和10~30wt%的反式-2-己烯醛。
14.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,所述组合物包含5wt%的壬酸、11wt%的乙酸、50wt%的丙酸和25wt%的反式-2-己烯醛。
15.一种抗沙门氏菌组合物在处理动物饲料中的应用,所述抗沙门氏菌组合物为水性溶液,所述抗沙门氏菌组合物包含:
基于总重量,50~90wt%的C1~C24有机酸,所述有机酸选自由乙酸、丁酸、丙酸、乳酸、壬酸以及它们的混合物组成的组,
基于总重量,5~30wt%的反式-2-己烯醛,
基于总重量,0~50wt%的萜烯,
基于总重量,0~20wt%的表面活性剂,以及
水。
16.一种抗沙门氏菌组合物在动物饲料中控制沙门氏菌生长中的应用,所述抗沙门氏菌组合物为水性溶液,所述抗沙门氏菌组合物包含:
基于总重量,50~90wt%的C1~C24有机酸,所述有机酸选自由乙酸、丁酸、丙酸、乳酸、壬酸以及它们的混合物组成的组,
基于总重量,5~30wt%的反式-2-己烯醛,
基于总重量,0~50wt%的萜烯,
基于总重量,0~20wt%的表面活性剂,以及
水。
17.根据权利要求15或16所述的应用,其中,所述表面活性剂是具有4~18的亲水亲油平衡值HLB的乙氧基化蓖麻油表面活性剂。
18.根据权利要求17所述的应用,其中,所述表面活性剂是具有1~200个乙烯分子的乙氧基化蓖麻油表面活性剂。
19.根据权利要求15或16所述的应用,其中,所述萜烯选自由烯丙基二硫化物、柠檬醛、蒎烯、橙花醇、香叶醇、香芹酚、丁子香酚、香芹酮、茴香脑、樟脑、薄荷醇、柠檬烯,法尼醇、胡萝卜素、百里香酚、龙脑、月桂烯、松香烯、芳樟醇以及它们的混合物组成的组。
20.根据权利要求15或16所述的应用,其中,所述组合物还包含2-戊烯醛。
21.根据权利要求15或16所述的应用,其中,所述组合物包含5wt%的壬酸、11~25wt%的乙酸、20~50wt%的丙酸和10~30wt%的反式-2-己烯醛。
22.根据权利要求15或16所述的应用,其中,所述组合物包含5wt%的壬酸、11wt%的乙酸、50wt%的丙酸和25wt%的反式-2-己烯醛。
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CN2011800403609A Pending CN103068255A (zh) | 2010-08-27 | 2011-08-13 | 抗微生物制剂 |
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PL (1) | PL2611310T3 (zh) |
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US10772343B2 (en) | 2014-11-19 | 2020-09-15 | Kansas State University Research Foundation | Chemical mitigants in animal feed and feed ingredients |
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EP3310167A4 (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2018-12-26 | Kemin Industries, Inc. | Formulations for control of microbial growth in soilless potting media |
DE102015113641A1 (de) * | 2015-08-18 | 2017-02-23 | Bode Chemie Gmbh | Desinfektionsmittel mit organischen Säuren |
BR112018076690A2 (pt) * | 2016-06-28 | 2019-04-02 | Kuraray Co., Ltd | composição para remover sulfeto de ferro |
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IT201700088554A1 (it) * | 2017-08-02 | 2019-02-02 | Novamont Spa | Composizioni erbicide a base di acido pelargonico e altri acidi |
AU2018340844B2 (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2023-12-21 | 0903608 B.C. Ltd. | Synergistic pesticidal compositions and methods for delivery of active ingredients |
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JP7299043B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-14 | 2023-06-27 | 株式会社カネカ | 植物性香料を含有するポリスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子とその予備発泡粒子及び発泡成形体、並びにポリスチレン系発泡性樹脂粒子の製造方法 |
WO2021001578A1 (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2021-01-07 | Nutreco Ip Assets B.V. | Feed additive |
CN114513960A (zh) | 2019-10-08 | 2022-05-17 | 塔明克私人有限公司 | 用于动物饲料的抗微生物组合物 |
CN110973380A (zh) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-10 | 广州美瑞泰科生物工程技术有限公司 | 一种预防犊牛腹泻的饲料添加剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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LT2611310T (lt) | 2017-10-10 |
ES2640964T3 (es) | 2017-11-07 |
MX2012008551A (es) | 2012-09-28 |
BR112012017564A2 (pt) | 2015-09-01 |
AU2011293734A1 (en) | 2013-02-21 |
PT2611310T (pt) | 2017-10-02 |
HUE036334T2 (hu) | 2018-07-30 |
IL224922A (en) | 2017-03-30 |
US20120252893A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
MY169482A (en) | 2019-04-15 |
MX351377B (es) | 2017-10-12 |
EP2611310A4 (en) | 2014-04-16 |
PE20131103A1 (es) | 2013-09-23 |
EP2611310B1 (en) | 2017-07-26 |
BR112012017564B1 (pt) | 2018-08-28 |
CA2771980A1 (en) | 2012-03-01 |
JP2013537430A (ja) | 2013-10-03 |
UA111166C2 (uk) | 2016-04-11 |
CL2013000479A1 (es) | 2013-07-26 |
CA2771980C (en) | 2014-05-13 |
EP2611310A2 (en) | 2013-07-10 |
RU2589228C2 (ru) | 2016-07-10 |
AU2011293734B2 (en) | 2015-04-02 |
ZA201301301B (en) | 2013-11-27 |
RU2013108377A (ru) | 2014-09-10 |
PL2611310T3 (pl) | 2017-12-29 |
KR20130138185A (ko) | 2013-12-18 |
WO2012027140A2 (en) | 2012-03-01 |
WO2012027140A3 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
CN103068255A (zh) | 2013-04-24 |
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