CN108041260B - Special compound feed for rhinogobio ventralis culture and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special compound feed for rhinogobio ventralis culture and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 241000692809 Rhinogobio ventralis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000692785 Rhinogobio Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 235000007542 Cichorium intybus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000019752 Wheat Middilings Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical group [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special compound feed for rhinogobio ventralis culture and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of aquatic animal feeds. The technical scheme provided by the invention has the key points that: the special compound feed for rhinogobio culture is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20 to 25 percent of fish meal, 25 to 30 percent of fermented soybean meal, 10 to 20 percent of chicory meal, 10 to 12 percent of wheat middling, 1 percent of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5 percent of choline chloride, 0.5 percent of multi-vitamin premix, 0.5 percent of multi-mineral premix, 0.5 percent of complex enzyme, 1.0 percent of Chinese herbal medicine additive, 3 percent of corn oil and 1 to 3 percent of fish oil. The invention has simple process, balanced nutrition, easily obtained raw materials, environmental protection, good food attraction and palatability, high feed digestibility, high growth speed and strong disease resistance, and is particularly suitable for the physiological digestion characteristics of rhinogobio ventralis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic animal feed, and particularly relates to a special compound feed for rhinogobio ventralis breeding and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Rhinogobio (Rhinogobio nasus), the alias of which is native, belongs to Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae and Rhinogobio, is mainly distributed in yellow river systems in China, lives in the bottom layer of water bodies and is fond of torrent.
Rhinogobio ventralis belongs to omnivorous fishes, and mainly feed on benthonic animals, aquatic insects and algae in natural waters. The fish is used as large-scale economic fish, the body color is bronze, the individual body length of wild captured fish can reach 43cm, and the fish has the characteristics of high growth speed, strong environmental adaptability, tender meat, few interspinal stings, rich nutrition and the like. From the aspect of nutrition, the fish belongs to high-protein and low-fat fish, contains rich essential amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids for human bodies, and can be used as a high-quality aquatic animal protein source of human food.
Recently, the biological characteristics of rhinogobio ventralis are gradually clear, and the rhinogobio ventralis has wide culture prospect as a novel economic aquaculture aquatic animal. However, the existing culture is still in a scientific research stage, the feed is distributed sporadically only in places such as Ningxia yellow river basin, the adopted culture feed is commonly the feed of omnivorous fishes such as carps, and although the feed can also be ingested, the feed coefficient is high, the immunity is low, and the culture cost is high. With the culture variety moving to the market from the research and development stage, the special compound feed for culture prepared for rhinogobio ventralis in the market at present is lacked. Therefore, in order to accelerate the popularization of the high-quality aquaculture variety, the development of a special compound feed for rhinogobio culture is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problem of providing the special compound feed for rhinogobio ventralis culture and the preparation method thereof, and the compound feed can meet the requirements of the rhinogobio ventralis on various nutrients, promote the ingestion of the rhinogobio ventralis, simultaneously improve the immunity of the rhinogobio ventralis and effectively resist the invasion of external pathogens.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems, and the special compound feed for rhinogobio ventralis culture is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20-25% of fish meal, 25-30% of fermented soybean meal, 10-20% of chicory meal, 10-12% of wheat middling, 1% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5% of choline chloride, 0.5% of multi-vitamin premix, 0.5% of multi-mineral premix, 0.5% of complex enzyme, 1.0% of Chinese herbal medicine additive, 3% of corn oil and 1-3% of fish oil, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of eucommia bark powder, 3-5 parts of Chinese yam peel powder and 2-5 parts of Chinese yam rhizome powder.
Further preferably, the special compound feed for rhinogobio culture is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 25% of fish meal, 25% of fermented soybean meal, 20% of chicory meal, 10% of rapeseed meal, 10% of wheat middling, 1% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5% of choline chloride, 0.5% of multi-vitamin premix, 0.5% of multi-mineral premix, 0.5% of complex enzyme, 1.0% of Chinese herbal medicine additive, 3% of corn oil and 3% of fish oil.
Preferably, the fish meal is fully defatted fish meal, and the complex enzyme is a liquid aqueous solution.
Further preferably, the Chinese herbal medicine additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of eucommia bark powder, 5 parts of Chinese yam peel powder and 2 parts of Chinese yam powder.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a special compound feed for rhinogobio ventralis culture, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) crushing the solid raw materials by a crusher, sieving the Chinese herbal medicine additive by a 100-mesh sieve, sieving other solid raw materials by a 40-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the weight percentage, and fully mixing the mixture with water;
(2) tempering the mixed raw materials for 5-10 minutes at 90 ℃ by a tempering demodulator, and then granulating by a double-screw extrusion puffing machine at 65 ℃ to obtain granules with the particle size of 5 mm;
(3) drying the prepared pellet feed at 60 ℃;
(4) and uniformly spraying the complex enzyme aqueous solution, the corn oil and the fish oil on the surface of the granulated feed by a roller type external spraying machine, cooling and packaging.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the feed is prepared according to the growth characteristics of rhinogobio and the demand of the rhinogobio on nutrients, meets the demand of the rhinogobio on the nutrients, has good food calling effect and palatability, improves the growth speed, reduces the feed coefficient and saves the culture cost. Meanwhile, aiming at the problem of improving the immunity in rhinogobio culture, the Chinese herbal medicine additive is added, and all components in the formula have synergistic effect, so that good disease prevention and disease resistance effects are achieved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples, and that all the technologies realized based on the above subject matter of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.
Examples
Weighing the following raw materials (kg) respectively in parts by weight:
1. 20 parts of fish meal, 30 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of chicory meal, 20 parts of rapeseed meal, 12 parts of wheat middling, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 0.5 part of multi-vitamin premix, 0.5 part of multi-mineral premix, 1 part of Chinese herbal medicine additive (wherein 0.2 part of eucommia bark powder, 0.3 part of Chinese yam peel powder and 0.5 part of Chinese yam rhizome powder), 0.5 part of complex enzyme, 3 parts of corn oil and 1 part of fish oil;
2. 22 parts of fish meal, 28 parts of fermented soybean meal, 15 parts of chicory meal, 15 parts of rapeseed meal, 11 parts of wheat middling, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 0.5 part of multi-vitamin premix, 0.5 part of multi-mineral premix, 1 part of Chinese herbal medicine additive (wherein 0.3 part of eucommia bark powder, 0.4 part of Chinese yam peel powder and 0.3 part of Chinese yam rhizome powder), 0.5 part of complex enzyme, 3 parts of corn oil and 2 parts of fish oil;
3. 25 parts of fish meal, 25 parts of fermented soybean meal, 20 parts of chicory meal, 10 parts of rapeseed meal, 10 parts of wheat middling, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 0.5 part of multi-vitamin premix, 0.5 part of multi-mineral premix, 1 part of Chinese herbal medicine additive (wherein 0.3 part of eucommia bark powder, 0.5 part of Chinese yam peel and 0.2 part of rehmannia powder), 0.5 part of complex enzyme, 3 parts of corn oil and 3 parts of fish oil.
The multidimensional premix, the multimineral premix and the complex enzyme are purchased from Wuhan Xinhuayang biology GmbH.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1. crushing the solid raw materials by a crusher, sieving the Chinese herbal medicine additive by a 100-mesh sieve, sieving other solid raw materials by a 40-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the weight percentage, and fully mixing the mixture with water;
2. tempering the mixed raw materials for 5-10 minutes at 90 ℃ by a tempering demodulator, and then granulating by a double-screw extrusion puffing machine at 65 ℃ to obtain granules with the particle size of 5 mm;
3. drying the prepared pellet feed at 60 ℃;
4. and uniformly spraying the mixture of the complex enzyme aqueous solution, the corn oil and the fish oil on the surface of the granulated feed by a roller type external spraying machine, cooling and packaging.
The specific experimental process and experimental results are as follows:
the compound feed provided by the invention is used for carrying out a culture experiment with a period of 10 weeks in an aquaculture base of university of south Henan province. The culture unit specification is 3.0m (length) multiplied by 2.0m (width) multiplied by 1.5m (height), and 30 fishes are cultured in each pond. The control feed is a commercial feed for adult carps, and the test feed is the compound feed. The test results in Table 1 show that the survival rate of rhinogobio ventralis fed with the compound feed of the invention exceeds 90%, and the food calling effect and the growth promotion of rhinogobio ventralis can be improved. Compared with carp contrast commercial feed, the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of rhinogobio of patent test group 3 are respectively improved by 27.03% and 0.22%, the survival rate is improved by 13.34%, and the feed coefficient is reduced by 0.41.
TABLE 1 rhinogobio ventralis breeding test results
Compared with a control group, the weight gain rate, the specific growth rate, the bait coefficient and the survival rate of the test groups 1-3 are all significantly different (p is less than 0.05), the weight gain rate, the specific growth rate and the bait coefficient of the test groups 2 and 3 are significantly different from those of the test group 1 (p is less than 0.05), and the test group 3 is the special compound feed for optimal rhinogobio ventralis culture. Therefore, the formula of the compound feed disclosed by the invention is remarkable in effect, the rhinogobio ventralis has high utilization rate of the compound feed, the feed waste is less, the immunity is enhanced, and the breeding survival rate is high.
The foregoing embodiments illustrate the principles, principal features and advantages of the invention, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of the principles of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The special compound feed for rhinogobio culture is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 25% of fish meal, 25% of fermented soybean meal, 20% of chicory meal, 10% of rapeseed meal, 10% of wheat middling, 1% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5% of choline chloride, 0.5% of multi-vitamin premix, 0.5% of multi-mineral premix, 0.5% of complex enzyme, 1.0% of Chinese herbal medicine additive, 3% of corn oil and 3% of fish oil; the Chinese herbal medicine additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of eucommia bark powder, 5 parts of Chinese yam peel powder and 2 parts of Chinese yam powder.
2. The special compound feed for rhinogobio culture as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fish meal is fully defatted fish meal, and the complex enzyme is a liquid aqueous solution.
3. A preparation method of the special compound feed for rhinogobio ventralis breeding of claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) crushing the solid raw materials by a crusher, sieving the Chinese herbal medicine additive by a 100-mesh sieve, sieving other solid raw materials by a 40-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the weight percentage, and fully mixing the mixture with water;
(2) tempering the mixed raw materials for 5-10 minutes at 90 ℃ by a tempering demodulator, and then granulating by a double-screw extrusion puffing machine at 65 ℃ to obtain granules with the particle size of 5 mm;
(3) drying the prepared pellet feed at 60 ℃;
(4) and uniformly spraying the complex enzyme aqueous solution, the corn oil and the fish oil on the surface of the granulated feed by a roller type external spraying machine, cooling and packaging.
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| CN105284676A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2016-02-03 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | Artificial cultivation method for Rhinogobio Ventralis parent fish |
| CN106509494A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-03-22 | 曹晓宏 | Low-feed-conversion-rate compound feed for paracanthobrama guichenoti |
| CN107319111A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-11-07 | 河南康达尔农牧科技有限公司 | A kind of feature carp feed and preparation method thereof |
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| CN108041260A (en) | 2018-05-18 |
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