CN108022670B - 用于形成太阳电池电极的组合物及使用其制备的电极 - Google Patents
用于形成太阳电池电极的组合物及使用其制备的电极 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108022670B CN108022670B CN201710604080.5A CN201710604080A CN108022670B CN 108022670 B CN108022670 B CN 108022670B CN 201710604080 A CN201710604080 A CN 201710604080A CN 108022670 B CN108022670 B CN 108022670B
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- Prior art keywords
- solar cell
- frit
- silver
- composition
- glass frit
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/12—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
- C03C3/122—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing oxides of As, Sb, Bi, Mo, W, V, Te as glass formers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/14—Compositions for glass with special properties for electro-conductive glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/04—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于形成太阳电池电极的组合物及使用其制备的电极。用于太阳电池电极的组合物包含:银粉;玻璃料;及有机载体,其中所述玻璃料包含第一玻璃料及第二玻璃料,且其中所述第一玻璃料以75∶1至1∶25的摩尔比(Te∶Ag)包含碲(Te)及银(Ag),并且所述第二玻璃料包括铅‑碲‑氧化物(Pb‑Te‑O)系玻璃料或铋‑碲‑氧化物(Bi‑Te‑O)系玻璃料且不包含银(Ag)。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请主张在2016年10月28日提出申请的韩国专利申请10-2016-0142435的权利,所述韩国专利申请的全部公开内容并入本案供参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于太阳电池电极的组合物及使用其制备的电极。更具体来说,本发明涉及一种用于太阳电池电极的组合物,其与晶片之间的接触效率提高,因而在表现出与半导体衬底的优异粘合力的同时具有优异的接触电阻及串联电阻,且本发明涉及一种使用所述组合物制作的电极。
背景技术
太阳电池利用将日光的光子转换成电力的p-n结(p-n junction)的光生伏打效应(photovoltaic effect)来产生电力。在太阳电池中,在半导体晶片或衬底的上表面及下表面上分别形成前电极及后电极,且在所述前电极与所述后电极之间具有p-n结。然后,由进入半导体晶片的日光诱发p-n结处的光生伏打效应,且通过p-n结处的光生伏打效应而产生的电子经由电极向外部提供电流。通过对用于太阳电池电极的组合物进行施加、图案化及烘烤而在晶片上形成太阳电池的电极。
作为用于太阳电池电极的组合物,使用包含导电粉、玻璃料及有机载体的导电膏组合物。玻璃料溶解形成于半导体晶片上的减反射膜,以使得导电粉能够与半导体晶片进行电接触。传统上,作为玻璃料,一直主要使用含铅的玻璃。含铅的玻璃使得能够容易地控制软化点且具有优异的与半导体衬底的粘合力,但与所述衬底之间具有高接触电阻,从而造成太阳电池效率低。
为解决此种问题,近来,已提出使用能够获得低接触电阻的含碲玻璃料的用于太阳电池电极的组合物。然而,此种使用含碲的玻璃料的组合物具有不良的与半导体衬底的粘合力,从而造成耐久性不足。因此,已提出向含碲的玻璃中添加钨或使用包含铅及碲二者的玻璃料的方法。然而,通过这些方法制备的组合物尽管具有改善的与衬底的粘合力,但存在接触电阻特性不良的问题。因此,难以利用前述方法来制作在与衬底的粘合力以及电阻特性两个方面表现出良好性质的用于太阳电池电极的组合物。
因此,需要一种表现出与衬底的粘合力及电阻特性优异的用于太阳电池电极的组合物。
本发明的背景技术公开于未经审查的日本专利公开第2012-084585号中。
发明内容
本发明的一个方面是提供一种表现出与衬底的粘合力及电阻特性良好的用于太阳电池电极的组合物。
本发明的另一方面是提供一种能够在电极与晶片之间提供优异的接触效率借此使太阳电池的接触电阻及串联电阻最小化的用于太阳电池电极的组合物。
本发明的再一方面是提供一种在与衬底的粘合力、填充因数(fill factor)及转换效率方面表现出良好性质的太阳电池电极。
本发明的又一方面是提供一种使用上述用于太阳电池电极的组合物制作的电极。
根据本发明的一个方面,一种用于太阳电池电极的组合物包含:银粉;玻璃料;及有机载体,其中所述玻璃料包含第一玻璃料及第二玻璃料,且其中所述第一玻璃料以75∶1至1∶25的摩尔比(Te∶Ag)包含碲(Te)及银(Ag),并且所述第二玻璃料包括铅-碲-氧化物(Pb-Te-O)系玻璃料或铋-碲-氧化物(Bi-Te-O)系玻璃料且不包含银(Ag)。
在所述玻璃料中,所述第一玻璃料对所述第二玻璃料的重量比可介于7∶1至1∶5范围内。
所述第一玻璃料可为包含碲(Te)、银(Ag)及锌(Zn)的Te-Ag-Zn-O系玻璃料。
包含于所述第一玻璃料中的元素银(Ag)可衍生自电离温度为1,000℃或低于1,000℃的银化合物,例如选自由氰化银、硝酸银、卤化银、碳酸银及乙酸银组成的群组中的至少一种银化合物。
所述第二玻璃料可以0.01∶1至0.5∶1的摩尔比包含铅(Pb)及碲(Te)或以0.01∶1至0.4∶1的摩尔比包含铋(Bi)及碲(Te)。
优选地,所述用于太阳电池电极的组合物包含60wt%至95wt%的所述银粉、0.1wt%至20wt%的所述玻璃料以及1wt%至30wt%的所述有机载体。
所述用于太阳电池电极的组合物可进一步包含:选自由分散剂、触变剂、塑化剂、粘度稳定剂、消泡剂、颜料、紫外线稳定剂、抗氧化剂及偶合剂组成的群组中的至少一种添加剂。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种使用上述用于太阳电池电极的组合物制作的太阳电池电极。
本发明提供一种用于太阳电池电极的组合物,所述用于太阳电池电极的组合物使用以特定摩尔比包含碲及银的第一玻璃料以及包括铅-碲-氧化物(Pb-Te-O)系玻璃料或铋-碲-氧化物(Bi-Te-O)系玻璃料的第二玻璃料,借此改善与衬底的粘合力及电阻特性两者,在与衬底的粘合力和电阻特性之间一般会存在折衷。
本发明提供一种电极,所述电极使用根据本发明的用于太阳电池电极的组合物制作且具有高度的与衬底的粘合力以及低的接触电阻(Rc)及串联电阻(Rs),借此提供优异的填充因素及转换效率。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明一个实施例的太阳电池的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下,将详细地阐述本发明的实施例。
本文中,包含于玻璃料中的每一元素金属的含量(mol%)可通过电感耦合等离子体-发射光谱法(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry,ICP-OES)来测量。由于电感耦合等离子体-发射光谱法使用非常小的样本,因此可缩短样本制备时间,可减少因样本预处理而造成的错误,且可提高分析灵敏度。
具体来说,电感耦合等离子体-发射光谱法可包括:对样本(即,玻璃料)进行预处理、制备标准溶液以及通过对分析目标的浓度进行测量及转换来计算所述样本中的每一元素金属的含量。
在样本的预处理操作中,可将预定量的样本溶解在酸性溶液中且接着进行加热以发生碳化。此处,酸性溶液可例如包括硫酸(H2SO4)溶液。
可用例如蒸馏水或过氧化氢(H2O2)等溶剂将经碳化样本稀释至使得能够对分析目标进行分析的适当程度。有鉴于电感耦合等离子体-发射光谱测定仪的元素检测能力,经碳化样本可被稀释约10,000倍。
在用电感耦合等离子体-发射光谱测定仪进行测量时,可利用标准溶液(例如用于测量元素的分析目标标准溶液)对经预处理样本进行校准。举例来说,可通过以下方式来计算玻璃料中每一元素的摩尔含量:将标准溶液引入至电感耦合等离子体-发射光谱测定仪中,且用外标法(external standard method)来绘制校准曲线,然后利用电感耦合等离子体-发射光谱测定仪对经预处理样本中的每一元素金属的浓度(ppm)进行测量及转换。
用于太阳电池电极的组合物
根据本发明的用于太阳电池电极的组合物包含银粉、玻璃料及有机载体,其中所述玻璃料包含以特定莫耳比包含银及碲的第一玻璃料以及包括铅-碲-氧化物(Pb-Te-O)系玻璃料或铋-碲-氧化物(Bi-Te-O)系玻璃料的第二玻璃料。具体来说,所述第一玻璃料以75∶1至1∶25的摩尔比(Te∶Ag)包含碲(Te)及银(Ag),并且所述第二玻璃料包括铅-碲-氧化物(Pb-Te-O)系玻璃料或铋-碲-氧化物(Bi-Te-O)系玻璃料且不包含银(Ag)。
本发明的发明人发现,当在用于太阳电池电极的组合物中一起使用如上述构成的两种玻璃料时,所述组合物可改善与衬底的粘合力及电阻特性两者。
现在,将更详细地阐述根据本发明的用于太阳电池电极的组合物的每一组分。
(A)银粉
根据本发明的用于太阳电池电极的组合物包含作为导电粉的银(Ag)粉。银粉可具有纳米级粒度或微米级粒度。举例来说,银粉可具有数十纳米至数百纳米的粒度或数微米至数十微米的粒径。作为另外一种选择,银粉可为具有不同粒度的两种或更多种银粉的混合物。
银粉可具有各种颗粒形状,例如球形颗粒形状、薄片颗粒形状或非晶颗粒形状等,但并无限制。
优选地,银粉具有约0.1μm至约10μm且更优选约0.5μm至约5μm的平均粒径(D50)。在此平均粒径范围内,所述组合物可减小太阳电池的接触电阻及线电阻。关于平均粒径,可在经由超声波作用在25℃下将银粉分散在异丙醇(isopropyl alcohol,IPA)中达3分钟之后,例如利用型号1064D(西莱斯有限公司(CILAS Co.,Ltd.))来测量。
以所述组合物的总重量计,可存在约60wt%至约95wt%的量的银粉。在此范围内,所述组合物可提高太阳电池的转换效率且可易于制备成膏形式。优选地,以所述组合物的总重量计,可存在约70wt%至约90wt%的量的银粉。
(B)玻璃料
玻璃料用于通过在用于太阳电池电极的组合物的烘烤工艺期间对减反射层进行蚀刻并对银粉进行熔融而在发射区中形成银晶粒。此外,玻璃料会改善银粉与晶片的粘合力,且所述玻璃料被软化以在烘烤工艺期间降低烘烤温度。
根据本发明的太阳电池电极的组合物包含作为所述玻璃料的第一玻璃料及第二玻璃料,所述第一玻璃料及所述第二玻璃料具有不同组成。具体来说,太阳电池电极的组合物包含含有碲及银的第一玻璃料以及不含银的第二玻璃料。接下来,将更详细地阐述第一玻璃料及第二玻璃料。
(B-1)第一玻璃料
作为第一玻璃料,使用包含碲(Te)及银(Ag)的玻璃料。具体来说,第一玻璃料以75∶1至1∶25的摩尔比(Te∶Ag)包含碲(Te)及银(Ag)。在此范围内,所述组合物可确保低串联电阻及接触电阻而不会使与衬底的粘合力劣化。
优选地,包含于第一玻璃料中的元素银(Ag)衍生自电离温度为1000℃或低于1000℃的银化合物,例如氰化银(AgCN)、硝酸银(AgNO3)、卤化银(Ag-X)、碳酸银(Ag2CO3)及乙酸银。在卤化银(Ag-X)中,X可为碘、氟、氯或溴,X优选为碘。
第一玻璃料除包含碲及银以外可进一步包含金属和/或金属氧化物。举例来说,第一玻璃料可进一步包含选自由以下组成的群组中的至少一者:锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、铋(Bi)、磷(P)、锗(Ge)、镓(Ga)、铈(Ce)、铁(Fe)、锂(Li)、硅(Si)、钨(W)、镁(Mg)、铯(Cs)、锶(Sr)、钼(Mo)、钛(Ti)、锡(Sn)、铟(In)、钒(V)、钡(Ba)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)、钠(Na)、钾(K)、砷(As)、钴(Co)、锆(Zr)、锰(Mn)、铝(Al)及其氧化物。
优选地,第一玻璃料为包含碲(Te)、银(Ag)及锌(Zn)的Te-Ag-Zn-O系玻璃料。
可通过所属领域中已知的任何典型方法由前述银化合物及金属氧化物来制备第一玻璃料。举例来说,可通过以下方式来制备第一玻璃料:利用球磨机或行星式磨机将银化合物、氧化碲及视需要的额外金属氧化物进行混合,在约800℃至约1300℃下对所述混合物进行熔融,并将所述经熔融混合物淬火至25℃,然后利用盘磨机、行星式磨机等将所获得的产物粉碎。
(B-2)第二玻璃料
作为第二玻璃料,使用包含碲而不包含银的玻璃料。具体来说,第二玻璃料包括铅-碲-氧化物(Pb-Te-O)系玻璃料或铋-碲-氧化物(Bi-Te-O)系玻璃料。
铅-碲-氧化物(Pb-Te-O)系玻璃料衍生自包含氧化铅及氧化碲的金属氧化物,且其是指包含铅(Pb)及碲(Te)的玻璃料。
在一个实施例中,铅-碲-氧化物(Pb-Te-O)系玻璃料可以0.01∶1至0.5∶1的摩尔比(Pb∶Te)包含铅(Pb)及碲(Te)。在此摩尔比范围内,所述组合物可在与衬底的粘合力及电阻特性两方面为优异的。
铋-碲-氧化物(Bi-Te-O)系玻璃料衍生自包含氧化铋(Bi)及氧化碲(Te)的金属氧化物,且其是指包含铋(Bi)及碲(Te)的玻璃料。
在一个实施例中,铋-碲-氧化物玻璃料可以0.01∶1至0.4∶1的摩尔比(Bi:Te)包含铋(Bi)及碲(Te)。在此摩尔比范围内,所述组合物可在与衬底的粘合力及电阻特性两方面表现出良好的性质。
铅-碲-氧化物(Pb-Te-O)系玻璃料和/或铋-碲-氧化物(Bi-Te-O)系玻璃料除了包含铅、碲及铋以外可进一步包含金属和/或金属氧化物。举例来说,铅-碲-氧化物(Pb-Te-O)系玻璃料和/或铋-碲-氧化物(Bi-Te-O)系玻璃料可进一步包含选自由以下组成的群组中的至少一者:锂(Li)、磷(P)、锗(Ge)、镓(Ga)、铈(Ce)、铁(Fe)、硅(Si)、锌(Zn)、钨(W)、镁(Mg)、铯(Cs)、锶(Sr)、钼(Mo)、钛(Ti)、锡(Sn)、铟(In)、钒(V)、钡(Ba)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)、钠(Na)、钾(K)、砷(As)、钴(Co)、锆(Zr)、锰(Mn)、铝(Al)及其氧化物。
可通过所属领域中已知的任何典型方法来制备第二玻璃料。举例来说,可通过以下方式来制备第二玻璃料:利用球磨机或行星式磨机将前述组分进行混合,在约900℃至约1300℃下对所述混合物进行熔融,并将所述经熔融混合物淬火至25℃,然后利用盘磨机、行星式磨机等将所得材料粉碎。
优选地,第一玻璃料对第二玻璃料的重量比(第一玻璃料∶第二玻璃料)介于7∶1至1∶5的范围内。在此重量比范围内,所述组合物可在与衬底的粘合力及电阻特性两方面表现出良好的性质。更优选地,第一玻璃料对第二玻璃料的重量比介于6∶1至1∶6的范围内。
第一玻璃料和/或第二玻璃料的形状及大小并无特别限制。举例来说,第一玻璃料和/或第二玻璃料可具有约0.1μn至约10μm的平均粒径(D50),且可具有各种形状,例如球形或非晶形。
以用于太阳电池电极的组合物的总重量计,可存在0.1wt%至20wt%且优选地0.5wt%至10wt%的量的包含第一玻璃料及第二玻璃料的玻璃料。在此范围内,玻璃料可确保在各种片电阻下p-n结的稳定性,使串联电阻最小化,且最终提高太阳电池的效率。
(C)有机载体
有机载体通过与用于太阳电池电极的组合物的无机组分进行机械混合而对所述组合物赋予适合于印刷的合适的粘度及流变特性。
有机载体可为用于太阳电池电极的组合物中所用的任何典型有机载体,且可包含粘合剂树脂、溶剂等。
粘合剂树脂可选自丙烯酸酯树脂或纤维素树脂。一般使用乙基纤维素作为所述粘合剂树脂。另外,粘合剂树脂可选自乙基羟乙基纤维素、硝基纤维素、乙基纤维素与酚树脂的掺合物、醇酸树脂、酚树脂、丙烯酸酯树脂、二甲苯树脂、聚丁烯树脂(polybutaneresin)、聚酯树脂、脲树脂、三聚氰胺树脂、乙酸乙烯酯树脂、木松香、醇的聚甲基丙烯酸酯等。
溶剂可选自由以下组成的群组:例如己烷、甲苯、乙基溶纤剂、环己酮、丁基溶纤剂、丁基卡必醇(二乙二醇单丁醚)、二丁基卡必醇(二乙二醇二丁醚)、丁基卡必醇乙酸酯(二乙二醇单丁醚乙酸酯)、丙二醇单甲醚、己二醇、萜品醇、甲基乙基酮、苯甲醇、γ-丁内酯及乳酸乙酯。这些溶剂可单独使用或作为其混合物形式使用。
以所述组合物的总重量计,可存在约1wt%至约30wt%的量的有机载体。在此范围内,有机载体可对所述组合物提供足够的粘合强度及优异的可印刷性。
(D)添加剂
根据本发明的用于太阳电池电极的组合物可视需要进一步包含典型添加剂以增强流动性、工艺性质及稳定性。添加剂可包括分散剂、触变剂、塑化剂、粘度稳定剂、消泡剂、颜料、紫外线稳定剂、抗氧化剂、偶合剂等。这些添加剂可单独使用或作为其混合物形式使用。以用于太阳电池电极的组合物的总重量计,可存在0.1wt%至5wt%的量的添加剂,但所述添加剂的含量可视需要进行改变。
太阳电池电极及包括所述太阳电池电极的太阳电池
本发明的其他方面涉及一种由用于太阳电池电极的组合物形成的电极以及包括所述电极的太阳电池。图1示出根据本发明一个实施例的太阳电池。
参考图1,可通过以下方式来形成后电极210及前电极230:将用于电极的组合物印刷在晶片100上或包括p层(或n层)101及作为发射极的n层(或p层)102的衬底上,然后进行烘烤。举例来说,通过以下方式来执行制备后电极的初步工艺:将组合物印刷在晶片的背面上且在约200℃至约400℃下将经印刷组合物干燥约10秒至60秒。此外,可通过将组合物印刷在晶片的前表面上且对经印刷组合物进行干燥来执行用于制备前电极的初步工艺。接着,可通过在约600℃至约1,000℃下且优选地在约700℃至约950℃下将晶片烘烤约30秒至210秒来形成前电极230及后电极210。
接下来,将参考实例来更详细地阐述本发明。然而,应注意,提供这些实例仅用于说明,且不应理解为以任何方式限制本发明。
实例1至实例15以及比较例1至比较例3
实例1至实例5
作为有机粘合剂,在60℃下将1.0重量份的乙基纤维素(STD4,陶氏化学品公司(Dow Chemical Company))充分溶解在6.8重量份的丁基卡必醇中,且向所述粘合剂溶液中添加了89.0重量份的平均粒径为1.0μm的球形银粉(AG-4-8,同和高级技术有限公司(DowaHightech Co.,Ltd.))、2.7重量份的平均粒径为1.0μm的玻璃料、0.2重量份的分散剂BYK102(毕克化学公司(BYK-chemie))及0.3重量份的触变剂奇科萨特牢(Thixatrol)ST(海名斯有限公司(Elementis Co.,Ltd.)),然后在3辊捏合机中进行混合及捏合,从而制备用于太阳电池电极的组合物。此处,玻璃料包含表1所列的量且分别根据表1所列的组成而制备的第一玻璃料及第二玻璃料,且第一玻璃料的元素银衍生自碳酸银。
实例6至实例15
除了使用表2所列的量且分别根据表2所列的组成而制备的第一玻璃料及第二玻璃料作为玻璃料且第一玻璃料的元素银衍生自硝酸银以外,以与实例1至实例5相同的方式制备了用于太阳电池电极的组合物。
比较例1至比较例3
除了使用根据表3所列的组成而制备的玻璃料以外,以与实例1至实例5相同的方式制备了用于太阳电池电极的组合物。
表1
表2
表3
串联电阻、开路电压及效率的测量
通过以预定图案进行网版印刷、然后在红外(IR)干燥炉中进行干燥,而将在实例及比较例中制备的用于太阳电池电极的组合物中的每一者沉积在晶片的前表面之上。接着,将铝膏印刷在晶片的背面上并以与上述相同的方式进行了干燥。在带型烘烤炉中在400℃至900℃的温度下对根据此程序而形成的电池进行了烘烤,借此制作太阳电池。利用太阳电池效率测定仪(CT-801,帕桑有限公司(Pasan Co.,Ltd.))关于开路电压(Voc,mV)、串联电阻(Rs,mΩ)及转换效率(Eff.%)对太阳电池进行了评估。结果示于表4中。
表4
项目 | Voc(mV) | Rs(mΩ) | Eff(%) |
实例1 | 640.22 | 2.96 | 18.16 |
实例2 | 639.47 | 3.08 | 18.10 |
实例3 | 639.77 | 3.04 | 18.14 |
实例4 | 643.14 | 2.62 | 18.20 |
实例5 | 638.35 | 3.13 | 18.07 |
实例6 | 642.75 | 2.85 | 18.20 |
实例7 | 639.39 | 3.09 | 18.09 |
实例8 | 641.40 | 2.77 | 18.16 |
实例9 | 641.52 | 2.66 | 18.19 |
实例10 | 639.78 | 3.02 | 18.15 |
实例11 | 642.76 | 2.80 | 18.22 |
实例12 | 639.66 | 3.05 | 18.10 |
实例13 | 642.44 | 2.67 | 18.18 |
实例14 | 642.55 | 2.96 | 18.17 |
实例15 | 642.47 | 2.59 | 18.24 |
比较例1 | 635.88 | 3.41 | 17.90 |
比较例2 | 633.11 | 3.55 | 17.83 |
比较例3 | 631.67 | 3.68 | 17.80 |
比较例4 | 633.36 | 3.50 | 17.85 |
如表4所示,确认到与不使用根据本发明的第一玻璃料或第二玻璃料的比较例1至比较例4的太阳电池电极相比,使用根据本发明的以一定摩尔比包含碲及银的第一玻璃料以及包括铅-碲-氧化物(Pb-Te-O)系玻璃料或铋-碲-氧化物(Bi-Te-O)系玻璃料的第二玻璃料而制备的实例1至实例15的太阳电池电极具有相对低的串联电阻且提供了相对高的转换效率。
应理解,在不背离本发明的精神及范围条件下,所属领域中的技术人员可做出各种修改、改变、变更及等效实施例。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于太阳电池电极的组合物,其特征在于,包含:
银粉;
玻璃料;以及
有机载体,
其中所述玻璃料包含第一玻璃料及第二玻璃料,且
其中所述第一玻璃料以75:1至1:25的摩尔比包含碲及银,并且所述第二玻璃料包括铅-碲-氧化物系玻璃料或铋-碲-氧化物系玻璃料且不含银,
其中在所述玻璃料中,所述第一玻璃料对所述第二玻璃料的重量比介于7:1至1:5范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于太阳电池电极的组合物,其特征在于,包含于所述第一玻璃料中的元素银衍生自电离温度为1,000℃或低于1,000℃的银化合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于太阳电池电极的组合物,其特征在于,包含于所述第一玻璃料中的元素银衍生自选自由氰化银、硝酸银、卤化银、碳酸银及乙酸银组成的群组中的至少一种银化合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于太阳电池电极的组合物,其特征在于,其中所述第二玻璃料以0.01:1至0.5:1的摩尔比包含铅及碲。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于太阳电池电极的组合物,其特征在于,其中所述第二玻璃料以0.01:1至0.4:1的摩尔比包含铋及碲。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于太阳电池电极的组合物,其特征在于,包含:
60wt%至95wt%的所述银粉;
0.1wt%至20wt%的所述玻璃料;以及
1wt%至30wt%的所述有机载体。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于太阳电池电极的组合物,其特征在于,进一步包含:选自由分散剂、触变剂、塑化剂、粘度稳定剂、消泡剂、颜料、紫外线稳定剂、抗氧化剂及偶合剂组成的群组中的至少一种添加剂。
8.一种太阳电池电极,其特征在于,使用根据权利要求1至权利要求7中任一项所述的用于太阳电池电极的组合物来制作。
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CN105593946A (zh) * | 2013-08-28 | 2016-05-18 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | 形成太阳能电池电极用组成物及使用该组成物制造的电极 |
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CN104778989A (zh) * | 2014-01-09 | 2015-07-15 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | 太阳电池电极用的组合物和使用其制造的电极 |
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