CN108016278A - 混合动力车辆 - Google Patents

混合动力车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108016278A
CN108016278A CN201711020391.3A CN201711020391A CN108016278A CN 108016278 A CN108016278 A CN 108016278A CN 201711020391 A CN201711020391 A CN 201711020391A CN 108016278 A CN108016278 A CN 108016278A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
motor
inverter
vehicle driven
temperature
electrical system
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN201711020391.3A
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English (en)
Inventor
相马贵也
新美国明
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Publication of CN108016278A publication Critical patent/CN108016278A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/30—Control strategies involving selection of transmission gear ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
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    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • B60W20/14—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion in conjunction with braking regeneration
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    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/184—Preventing damage resulting from overload or excessive wear of the driveline
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/93—Conjoint control of different elements

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Abstract

本申请涉及一种混合动力车辆，该混合动力车辆包括发动机、马达、逆变器、蓄电装置、变速器和电子控制单元。电子控制单元被构造成执行控制使得逆变器再生地驱动马达，当电气***温度等于或高于预定温度时，基于电气***温度和马达的再生扭矩来设定传动比向降档侧的变化量，并且设定目标传动比使得传动比以该变化量向降档侧改变。

Description

混合动力车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合动力车辆，并且特别地涉及一种包括发动机、马达、逆变器和变速器的混合动力车辆。
背景技术
在现有技术中，作为混合动力车辆，已经提出了一种包括发动机、马达、逆变器和变速器的混合动力车辆(例如，参见日本未审专利申请公报No.2006-144843(JP 2006-144843 A))。发动机或马达被构造成输出用于行驶的动力。逆变器被构造成驱动马达。变速器被连接在马达的旋转轴和联接至车轴的驱动轴之间。在上述混合动力车辆中，当道路坡度等于或大于预定坡度时，变速器降档，从而在上坡时抑制输出到驱动轴的扭矩不足。
发明内容
一般来说，在上述混合动力车辆中，为了抑制马达或逆变器的温度增加，马达或逆变器的温度越高，马达的驱动就越大地受到限制。在混合动力车辆中，基本上，在提供动力时，主要从发动机输出用于行驶的动力，并且在再生时，马达被再生地驱动以对电池进行充电。因此，在再生时，马达的负荷可能变得比在提供动力时大，马达或逆变器的温度增加，并且马达的驱动可能受到限制。在马达的驱动在再生时受到限制的情形中，电池不能够被充分充电，并且能量效率降低。为此，期望抑制在再生时对马达的驱动的限制。
本发明提供一种抑制在再生时对马达的驱动的限制的混合动力车辆。
本发明的一个方面涉及一种包括发动机、马达、逆变器、蓄电装置、变速器和电子控制单元的混合动力车辆。发动机被构造成输出用于混合动力车辆的行驶的动力。马达被构造成输出用于混合动力车辆的行驶的动力。逆变器被构造成驱动马达。蓄电装置被构造成通过逆变器与马达交换电力。变速器被构造成将来自马达的动力输出到驱动轴，所述驱动轴被联接至混合动力车辆的驱动轮。变速器被构造成改变马达与驱动轴之间的传动比。电子控制单元被构造成执行控制使得逆变器用在基于电气***温度的极限扭矩的范围内的扭矩来驱动马达，所述电气***温度是逆变器和马达中的至少一个的温度。电子控制单元被构造成执行控制使得变速器使传动比变成目标传动比。当电子控制单元执行控制使得逆变器再生地驱动马达并且电气***温度等于或高于预定温度时，电子控制单元被构造成基于电气***温度和马达的再生扭矩来设定传动比向降档侧的变化量，并且设定目标传动比使得所述传动比以所述变化量向降档侧改变。
根据本发明的该方面，电子控制单元被构造成执行控制使得逆变器用在基于电气***温度的极限扭矩的范围内的扭矩来驱动马达，所述电气***温度是逆变器和马达中的至少一个的温度。电子控制单元被构造成执行控制使得变速器使传动比变成目标传动比。然后，当电子控制单元执行控制使得逆变器再生地驱动马达并且电气***温度等于或高于预定温度时，电子控制单元被构造成基于电气***温度和马达的再生扭矩来设定传动比向降档侧的变化量，并且设定目标传动比使得所述传动比以所述变化量向降档侧改变。在电气***温度较高的情形中，马达的转矩可能受到限制，并且在再生扭矩较大的情形中，从马达或逆变器产生的热量较大，电气***温度可能增加，并且马达的扭矩可能受到限制。因此，控制变速器以使得变速器的传动比以基于电气***温度和马达的再生扭矩的变化量从当前传动比向降档侧改变，以使传动比变成目标传动比。由此，变速器更适当地降档以增加马达的转速并减小马达的再生扭矩，从而更适当地降低在马达或逆变器中流动的电流。由此，能够更适当地抑制电气***温度的增加。因此，能够抑制在再生时对马达的驱动的限制。
在根据本发明的方面的混合动力车辆中，电子控制单元可以被构造成：当电气***温度等于或高于比所述预定温度高的极限温度时，将极限扭矩设定为当电气***温度高时比当电气***温度低时小。电子控制单元可以被构造成将变化量设定为当电气***温度高时比当电气***温度较时大，并且将变化量设定为当再生扭矩大时比当再生扭矩小时大。也就是说，电气***温度越高，变化量就越大，并且再生扭矩越大，变化量就越大。由此，由于电气***温度越高以及再生扭矩越大，变速器的传动比就越大地向降档侧变化，所以能够进一步增加马达的扭矩的减小量。由此，能够抑制电气***温度的增加，并且抑制对马达的驱动的限制。
根据本发明的方面的混合动力车辆还可以包括离合器，该离合器被构造成联接发动机的输出轴和所马达的旋转轴。由此，即使在发动机的输出轴和马达的旋转轴通过离合器连接的混合动力车辆中，也能够抑制对马达的驱动的限制。
附图说明
下面将参考附图描述本发明的示例性实施例的特征、优点以及技术和工业意义，其中相同的附图标记表示相同的元件，并且其中：
图1是示出了作为本发明的示例的混合动力车辆的构造的概要的构造图；
图2是示出了由该示例的电子控制单元执行的在再生时的换档控制例程的示例的流程图；并且
图3是示出了冷却剂温度、扭矩指令和等级的关系的解释图。
具体实施方式
接下来，将使用示例来描述用于实施本发明的模式。
图1是示出了作为本发明的示例的混合动力车辆20的构造的概要的构造图。如图所示，该示例的混合动力车辆20包括发动机22、马达30、逆变器32、离合器36、自动变速器40、电池60以及电子控制单元70。
发动机22被构成为内燃机，该内燃机利用汽油、柴油等作为燃料输出用于行驶的动力。
马达30被构成为例如同步电动发电机。逆变器32被连接至马达30，并且被连接至电力线路61。马达30被电子控制单元70通过逆变器32的多个开关元件的开关控制旋转地驱动。离合器36被构成为例如液压驱动摩擦离合器，并且执行在作为发动机22的输出轴的曲轴23和马达30的旋转轴之间的连接和断开。
自动变速器40被构成为10速自动变速器。自动变速器40具有：输入轴41，输入轴41被连接至马达30的旋转轴；输出轴42，输出轴42被连接至驱动轴46，该驱动轴46通过车轴56和差速齿轮57联接至驱动轮55a、55b；多个行星齿轮；以及多个液压驱动摩擦接合元件(离合器和制动器)。自动变速器40通过使摩擦接合元件接合和分离以在输入轴41和输出轴42之间传递动力，而形成第一档位到第十档位的前进档或后退档。
电池60被构成为例如锂离子二次电池，并且与逆变器32一起连接至电力线路61。
虽然未示出，但是电子控制单元70被构成为以CPU为中心的微处理器，并且除了CPU之外还包括存储处理程序的ROM、临时存储数据的RAM、以及输入端口/输出端口。来自各个传感器的信号通过输入端口输入到电子控制单元70。作为输入到电子控制单元70的信号，例如，能够例示来自检测发动机22的曲轴23的旋转位置的曲柄位置传感器23a的曲柄角θcr、来自检测马达30的转子的旋转位置的旋转位置检测传感器(例如，旋转变压器)30a的马达30的转子的旋转位置θm、以及来自附接至驱动轴46的转速传感器46a的驱动轴46的转速Np。此外，能够例示来自附接在电池60的端子之间的电压传感器的电池60的电压Vb以及来自附接至电池60的输出端子的电流传感器的电池60的电流Ib。此外，能够例示来自点火开关80的点火信号、来自检测换档杆81的操作位置的换档位置传感器82的换档位置SP、来自检测加速器踏板83的下压量的加速器踏板位置传感器84的加速器操作量Acc、来自检测制动踏板85的下压量的制动踏板位置传感器86的制动踏板位置BP、以及来自车速传感器88的车速V。换档位置SP包括驻车位置(P位置)、倒车位置(R位置)、空档位置(N位置)、前进位置(D位置)等。此外，作为输入到电子控制单元的信号，能够例示来自检测逆变器32的开关元件中的至少一个开关元件的温度的温度传感器32a的元件温度Tinv以及来自检测冷却逆变器32的冷却剂的温度的冷却剂温度传感器32b的冷却剂温度Twi。通过输出端口从电子控制单元70输出各种控制信号。作为从电子控制单元70输出的信号，例如，能够例示对发动机22的控制信号。此外，能够例示对逆变器32的控制信号、对离合器36的控制信号以及对自动变速器40的控制信号。电子控制单元70基于来自曲柄位置传感器23a的发动机22的曲柄角θcr来计算发动机22的转速Ne。电子控制单元70基于来自旋转位置检测传感器30a的马达30的转子的旋转位置θm来计算马达30的转速Nm(自动变速器40的输入轴41的转速Natin)。
如上构造的示例的混合动力车辆20在电动行驶(EV行驶)模式中或在混动行驶(HV行驶)模式中行驶，在电动行驶模式中，在离合器36断开的状态下，使用来自马达30的动力进行行驶，而发动机22不运转，在混动行驶模式中，在离合器36接通的状态下，使用来自发动机22和马达30的动力进行行驶。
在HV行驶模式中，基于加速器操作量Acc和车速V来设定自动变速器40的目标换档档位S*，并且，控制自动变速器40以使得自动变速器40的换档档位变为目标换档档位S*。这种控制被称为“正常换档控制”。基于加速器操作量Acc、车速V和制动踏板位置BP来设定驱动轴46(自动变速器40的输出轴42)的要求扭矩Tp*，并且基于驱动轴46的要求扭矩Tp*和自动变速器40的传动比Gr来计算自动变速器40的输入轴41的要求扭矩Tin*。通过用马达30的转速Nm(自动变速器40的输入轴41的转速Natin)除以驱动轴46的转速Np来计算自动变速器40的传动比Gr，或者可以使用与自动变速器40的当前换档档位对应的值。然后，基于发动机22的转速Ne(＝马达30的转速Nm)和燃料消耗操作线来设定发动机22的目标扭矩Te*。发动机22的燃料消耗操作线是限定用于发动机22的高效运转的发动机22的功率Pe、转速Ne和扭矩Te的关系的线。此外，马达30的要求扭矩Tmreq被设定为使得要求扭矩Tin*被输出至输入轴41，并且要求扭矩Tmreq和极限扭矩Tlim中的较小值被设定为马达30的扭矩指令Tm*。极限扭矩Tlim是马达30的扭矩的上限值，当冷却剂温度Twi等于或低于限制阈值Twiref时，极限扭矩Tlim被设定为给定值，并且在冷却剂温度Twi超过限制阈值Twiref的情形中，极限扭矩Tlim被设定为当冷却剂温度Twi高时比当冷却剂温度低时小，即，以便当冷却剂温度Twi变得较高时变得更小。然后，控制发动机22以使得发动机22以目标扭矩Te*操作，并且执行逆变器32的开关元件的开关控制以使得用扭矩指令Tm*驱动马达30。
在EV行驶模式中，利用与在HV行驶模式中相同的方法，来设定自动变速器40的目标换档档位S*，并且，控制自动变速器40以使得自动变速器40的换挡档位变为目标换档档位S*。利用与在HV行驶模式中相同的方法，基于加速器操作量Acc、车速V和制动踏板位置BP来设定驱动轴46的要求扭矩Tp。基于驱动轴46的要求扭矩Tp*和自动变速器40的传动比Gr来计算自动变速器40的输入轴41的要求扭矩Tin*。此外，马达30的要求扭矩Tmreq被设定为使得要求扭矩Tin*被输出至输入轴41，并且通过用马达30的要求扭矩Tmreq乘以负载率R而获得的值被设定为马达30的扭矩指令Tm*。然后，停止发动机22的运转，并且执行逆变器32的开关元件的开关控制以使得用扭矩指令Tm*来驱动马达30。
接下来，将描述如上构造的示例的混合动力车辆20的操作，特别是在D范围中行驶期间当马达30被再生控制时的自动变速器40的控制。图2是示出了由该示例的电子控制单元70执行的在再生时的换档控制例程的示例的流程图。在换档位置SP为D位置的情况下的行驶期间当加速器踏板83停用时执行该例程，或者当制动踏板85启用并且马达30的扭矩指令Tm*变成负值(再生扭矩)时执行该例程。在行驶期间当加速器踏板83停用或制动踏板85启用时，离合器36被断开以执行发动机22的燃料切断或停止发动机22的运转。
在执行该例程的情形中，执行用于输入扭矩指令Tm*、元件温度Tinv和冷却剂温度Twi的处理(步骤S100)。对于扭矩指令Tm*，输入在上述HV行驶模式或EV行驶模式的控制中设定的值。对于元件温度Tinv，输入由温度传感器32a检测到的值。对于冷却剂温度Twi，输入由冷却剂温度传感器32b检测到的值。
随后，做出所输入的元件温度Tinv是否等于或高于确定阈值Tref1以及所输入的冷却剂温度Twi是否等于或高于确定阈值Tref2的确定(步骤S110)。确定阈值Tref1是用于确定逆变器32的每个开关元件的温度是否相对较高的阈值。确定阈值Tref2是用于确定逆变器32的温度是否相对较高的阈值。确定阈值Tref1、Tref2被设定为比限制阈值Twiref低的值。
在步骤S110的处理中，当做出元件温度Tinv低于确定阈值Tref1并且冷却剂温度Twi低于确定阈值Tref2的确定时，做出逆变器32不处于高温度的确定，执行上述正常换档控制(步骤S120)，并且该例程结束。
在步骤S110的处理中，当做出元件温度Tinv等于或高于确定阈值Tref1以及冷却剂温度Twi等于或高于确定阈值Tref2的确定时，做出逆变器32的温度相对较高的确定，并且负载率R变成小于1的值，并且使用冷却剂温度Twi和扭矩指令Tm*来设定极限扭矩Tlim的等级Lr(步骤S130)。图3是示出了冷却剂温度Twi、扭矩指令Tm*和等级Lr的关系的解释图。在该示例中，如图所示，等级Lr被设定为九个级(等级1至等级9)。上述设定是基于将自动变速器40构造为10速自动变速器并使等级Lr与降档量dS关联，如下文所述。在该示例中，虽然等级Lr被设定为九个级，但能够合适地确定要被设定的级数，并且例如，等级Lr可被设定为三个级。在该示例中，等级Lr被设定为当冷却剂温度Twi高时比在冷却剂温度Twi低时高，即，被设定为当冷却剂温度Twi较高时更高。等级Lr被设定为当扭矩指令Tm*小(绝对值大)时比当扭矩指令Tm*大(绝对值小)时高，即，被设定为当扭矩指令Tm*较小(绝对值大)时更高。基于当冷却剂温度Twi超过限制阈值Twiref时，将极限扭矩Tlim设定为当冷却剂温度Twi高时比当冷却剂温度Twi低时小，而将等级Lr设定为当冷却剂温度Twi高时比当冷却剂温度Twi低时高。基于在逆变器32中流动的电流在扭矩指令Tm*小(绝对值大)时比在扭矩指令Tm*大(绝对值小)时大、冷却剂温度Twi可能由于从逆变器32产生的热而增加以及极限扭矩Tlim可能较小，而将等级Lr设定为当扭矩指令Tm*小(绝对值大)时比当扭矩指令Tm*大(绝对值小)时高。也就是说，原因在于，当等级Lr较高时，极限扭矩Tlim被设定为或可能被设定为较小，并且马达30的驱动可能受到限制。
在以这种方式来设定极限扭矩Tlim的等级Lr的情形中，使用所设定的等级Lr来设定降档量dS(步骤S140)，所述降档量dS是换挡档位向降档侧的变化量。通过从当前换档档位S减去降档量dS所得到的值(＝S-dS)和值1中的一个较大值被设定为目标换档档位S*(步骤S150)。控制自动变速器40以使得自动变速器40的换挡档位变成目标换档档位S*(步骤S160)，并且例程结束。在步骤S140的处理中，降档量dS被设定为当等级Lr大时比当等级Lr小时大，即，当等级Lr较大时降档量dS被设定为较大。降档量dS越大，自动变速器40的换挡档位就越小，并且传动比就越高。在传动比变高的情形中，自动变速器40的输入轴41的要求扭矩Tin*变小，并且马达30的要求扭矩Tmreq变小。在马达30的要求扭矩Tmreq变小的情形中，在逆变器32中流动的电流变小，并且从逆变器32产生的热被抑制。在从逆变器32产生的热被抑制的情形中，冷却剂温度Twi的增加被抑制，并且抑制在冷却剂温度Twi超过限制阈值Twiref的情况下将极限扭矩Tlim设定为较小。因此，在步骤S140的处理中，降档量dS被设定为当等级Lr大时比当等级Lr小时大，从而能够抑制由于极限扭矩Tlim被设定为较小所导致的对马达30的驱动的限制。由于在马达30被再生控制时执行这种控制，所以与在提供动力时执行控制相比，能够抑制驾驶性能的劣化。
利用上文描述的示例的混合动力车辆20，当马达30被再生地驱动时，并且当元件温度Tinv等于或高于确定阈值Tref1且冷却剂温度Twi等于或高于确定阈值Tref2时，使用冷却剂温度Twi和扭矩指令Tm*来设定降档量dS。目标换档档位S*被设定为使得换挡档位S以降档量dS降档，并且控制自动变速器40以使得换档档位变成目标换档档位S*，从而能够抑制对马达30的驱动的限制。
在该示例的混合动力车辆20中，通过步骤S130和S140的处理，使用冷却剂温度Twi和扭矩指令Tm*来设定极限扭矩Tlim的等级Lr，并且使用该等级Lr来设定降档量dS。然而，代替步骤S130和S140的处理，可以使用极限扭矩Tlim来设定降档量dS。在该情形中，降档量dS可以被设定为当极限扭矩Tlim小时比当极限扭矩Tlim大时大，也就是说，降档量dS可以被设定为当极限扭矩Tlim较小时更大。
在该示例的混合动力车辆20中，通过步骤S110的处理，做出元件温度Tinv是否等于或高于确定阈值Tref1以及冷却剂温度Twi是否等于或高于确定阈值Tref2的确定。然而，可以仅仅做出元件温度Tinv是否等于或高于确定阈值Tref的确定，或者可以仅仅做出冷却剂温度Twi是否等于或高于确定阈值Tref2的确定。代替元件温度Tinv或冷却剂温度Twi，可以使用马达30的温度。
在该示例的混合动力车辆20中，在自动变速器40是有级变速器的情形中，通过步骤S140和S150的处理来设定降档量dS并设定自动变速器40的目标换挡档位S*，所述降档量dS是换挡档位向降档侧的变化量。然而，当自动变速器40是无级变速器时，在降档量dS是传动比向降档侧的变化量的情况下，可以用当自动变速器40的当前传动比以该降档量dS向降档侧变化时的传动比作为目标传动比来控制自动变速器40。
在该示例的混合动力车辆20中，当冷却剂温度Twi等于或低于限制阈值Twiref时，极限扭矩Tlim被设定为给定值，并且在冷却剂温度Twi超过限制阈值Twiref的情形中，极限扭矩Tlim被设定为当冷却剂温度Twi高时比当冷却剂温度Twi低时小。然而，不管冷却剂温度Twi是否超过限制阈值Twiref，极限扭矩Tlim都可以被设定为当冷却剂温度Twi高比当冷却剂温度Twi低时小。
在该示例的混合动力车辆20中，虽然使用10速变速器作为自动变速器40，但也可以使用四速速变速器、六速速变速器、八速变速器等。
虽然该示例的混合动力车辆20包括电池60，但由于可以设置存储电荷的蓄电装置，所以例如可以设置电容器来代替电池60。
在该示例中，已经示意了将本发明应用于包括发动机22、马达30、离合器36和自动变速器40的混合动力车辆的情形。然而，只要混合动力车辆包括被构造成输出用于行驶的动力的发动机、被构造成输出用于行驶的动力的马达、电池和变速器，本发明就可以应用于任何构造。一般来说，在这样的混合动力车辆中，由于在提供动力时主要利用来自发动机22的动力进行行驶，并且在再生时再生地驱动马达，所以本发明适用于这种混合动力车辆。本发明可以应用于马达30通过自动变速器40连接至驱动轴46并且发动机22和第二马达通过行星齿轮连接至驱动轴46的构造。
将描述该实例的主要部件之间与在发明内容中所描述的本发明的主要部件的对应关系。在该实施例中，发动机22对应于“发动机”，马达30对应于“马达”，逆变器32对应于“逆变器”，自动变速器40对应于“变速器”，并且电子控制单元70对应于“电子控制单元”。
该实例的主要部件与在发明内容中所描述的本发明的主要部件之间的对应关系不应被认为限制发明内容中所描述的本发明的部件，这是因为该示例仅是示意性的以具体描述用于实施在发明内容中所描述的本发明的模式。也就是说，在发明内容中所描述的本发明应该基于发明内容中的描述来解释，并且该示例仅是在发明内容中所描述的本发明的具体示例。
虽然上文已经结合示例描述了用于实施本发明的模式，但本发明不限于该示例，并且当然能够在不背离本发明的精神和范围的前提下以各种形式实施。

Claims (3)

1.一种混合动力车辆，其特征在于包括：
发动机，所述发动机被构造成输出用于所述混合动力车辆的行驶的动力；
马达，所述马达被构造成输出用于所述混合动力车辆的行驶的动力；
逆变器，所述逆变器被构造成驱动所述马达；
蓄电装置，所述蓄电装置被构造成通过所述逆变器与所述马达交换电力；
变速器，所述变速器被构造成将来自所述马达的动力输出到驱动轴，所述驱动轴被联接至所述混合动力车辆的驱动轮，所述变速器被构造成改变所述马达与所述驱动轴之间的传动比；以及
电子控制单元，所述电子控制单元被构造成：
执行控制使得所述逆变器用在基于电气***温度的极限扭矩的范围内的扭矩来驱动所述马达，所述电气***温度是所述逆变器和所述马达中的至少一个的温度；
执行控制使得所述变速器使所述传动比变成目标传动比；以及
当所述电子控制单元执行控制使得所述逆变器再生地驱动所述马达并且所述电气***温度等于或高于预定温度时，基于所述电气***温度和所述马达的再生扭矩来设定所述传动比向降档侧的变化量，并且设定所述目标传动比使得所述传动比以所述变化量向所述降档侧改变。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆，其特征在于：
所述电子控制单元被构造成：当所述电气***温度等于或高于比所述预定温度高的极限温度时，将所述极限扭矩设定为当所述电气***温度高时比当所述电气***温度低时小；并且
所述电子控制单元被构造成将所述变化量设定为当所述电气***温度高时比当所述电气***温度低时大，并且将所述变化量设定为当所述再生扭矩大时比当所述再生扭矩小时大。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力车辆，其特征在于还包括离合器，所述离合器被构造成联接所述发动机的输出轴和所述马达的旋转轴。
CN201711020391.3A 2016-11-02 2017-10-27 混合动力车辆 Pending CN108016278A (zh)

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