CN107937700A - A kind of high-rate laser defocus quenching strengthening method for miniature shaving tool - Google Patents
A kind of high-rate laser defocus quenching strengthening method for miniature shaving tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN107937700A CN107937700A CN201711417053.3A CN201711417053A CN107937700A CN 107937700 A CN107937700 A CN 107937700A CN 201711417053 A CN201711417053 A CN 201711417053A CN 107937700 A CN107937700 A CN 107937700A
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- laser
- quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/18—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for knives, scythes, scissors, or like hand cutting tools
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of high-rate laser defocus quenching strengthening method for miniature shaving tool.The characteristics of present invention after laser defocus using dissipating, blade width is extended to by laser facula, and the depth of quenching according to needed for blade selects suitable field lens focal length, and laser is exported by path using high-speed vibrating mirror, once completes the quenching of workpiece.This method has the characteristics that without repeating focusing, quenching velocity is fast, reinforcing effect is good, takes into account performance and economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of machining, and in particular to a kind of high-rate laser defocus quenching strengthening of miniature shaving tool
Method.
Background technology
The brands such as Philip, winged section widely use rotary miniature shaving tool as its cutter head core for the shaver of representative
Center portion part, cutter small volume, geometry are complex, its processing method is often stamping for thin plate mould.To ensure to rush
The machinability of pressing formation, cutter are processed frequently with the martensitic stainless steel belt material after tempering as raw material.Due to
Blade and the long-term CONTACT WITH FRICTION of knife net during use, and stainless steel material hardness after being tempered is relatively low, easy that abrasion occurs is existing
As needing to carry out the cutter after shaping follow-up quenching strengthening processing in actual use.
It is reinforcement process fast-developing in recent years that laser quenching, which is strengthened, it utilizes superlaser beam scanning workpiece, makes to swash
Light irradiation zone temperature, which rises rapidly, to be reached more than phase transition temperature, at the same time, is realized using the heat transfer of workpiece substrate self cooling
Quenching, is allowed to phase transformation strengthening.Compared with traditional surface hardening technology, laser quenching have processing speed it is fast, it is efficient, need not
The features such as hardening media, energy-saving and environmental protection, while obtained hardening layer tissue is thinner, hardness is higher than the hardness of conventional quenching.Although
Existing laser-quenching technique has an above advantages, but for handling complex-shaped, size is small, thickness is thin miniature shaving tool still
There are many deficiencies, its reason are as follows：1. since 35-45 ° of three-dimensional obliquity structure is presented in stamping rear blade, to ensure knife
The depth of quenching of effectively putting the first edge on a knife or a pair of scissors of piece needs to reach more than 2mm, and existing laser, which focuses on quenching technical, to be needed repeatedly to scan and more
Secondary focusing could complete the quenching of blade；2. since tool dimension is smaller, material is relatively thin, the repetition of existing laser-quenching technique is swept
Serious heat accumulation effect can be caused by retouching step, cause process consistency poor, self-quench hardening effect phase unobvious, phase transformation strengthening effect
Fruit unobvious；3. since miniature shaving tool unit value is low, existing laser-quenching technique cost is higher, thus can not market push away
Extensively.
The content of the invention
For the deficiency of existing laser quenching technology, the present invention provides a kind of laser defocus for miniature shaving tool and quenches
Ignition method.The characteristics of using being dissipated after laser defocus, blade width, and the quenching according to needed for blade are extended to by laser facula
Depth selects suitable field lens focal length, and laser is exported by path using high-speed vibrating mirror, once completes the quenching of workpiece.This method has
Have without repeating focusing, quenching velocity is fast, reinforcing effect is good, takes into account the features such as performance and economic benefit.
To achieve these goals, the method for the present invention is based on following laser defocus quenching strengthening device, including mirror-vibrating light
Fibre laser, X-axis galvanometer, Y-axis galvanometer, zoom field lens；The laser that mirror-vibrating optical fiber laser is sent is through X-axis vibration mirror reflected to Y
Axis galvanometer, laser are exported to workpiece to be quenched through Y-axis vibration mirror reflected to zoom field lens again；This method comprises the following steps：
The appearance structure of step (1), analysis miniature shaving tool workpiece to be quenched, according to the Z- shaft spaces for needing hardened area
Projected position, sets laser outgoing route in the CAD system of laser defocus quenching strengthening device, and by the geometric center of workpiece
Snap to the optical axis center of zoom field lens；
Preferably, miniature shaving tool workpiece is rotary miniature shaving tool；
Step (2), choose suitable light path parameter, setting according to the width dimensions of workpiece blade and the required depth of quenching
Optimal field lens focal length and field lens height.
The empirical equation of the field lens focal length is：Formula (1)
Wherein f is field lens focal length, unit cm；C is the required depth of quenching of blade, unit cm；D is wide for blade
Degree, unit cm；
The empirical equation of the field lens height is：L 1.3 × f of ≈ formulas (2)
Wherein L for field lens height, unit cm；F is field lens focal length, unit cm；C is deep for the required quenching of blade
Degree, unit cm；
Step (3), setting laser energy density.
The selection of laser energy density follows the principle of optimality, when laser energy density is excessive, will cause the part of blade
Fusing, need to reduce laser power or improve sweep speed；When laser energy density is too low, blade can not effectively be quenched
Fire is, it is necessary to improve laser power or reduce sweep speed；When laser energy density is in suitable section, the energy of acquisition can
Enough drive phase transformation conversion and the fusing of blade can be avoided, at the same time realize self-quench hardening using the heat transfer of workpiece substrate, then
In this, as optimum laser energy density setting value；
The laser energy density calculation formula is：PD=P/dv formulas (3)
Wherein PDIt is the energy density of laser, unit J/cm2；P is laser output power, unit w；D is the width of blade
Degree, unit cm；V is the sweep speed of laser, unit cm/s.
In experiment, the output power of laser is fixed on 500W, and the width of blade is determines value, by varying the scanning of laser
Speed adjusts laser energy density.
Open laser after step (4), placement workpiece to be quenched, after the completion of run-down, close laser equipment, taking-up is quenched
Firer's part, analyzes metallographic and firmness change after its quenching.
The invention has the advantages that：
The present invention provides a kind of by the use of mirror-vibrating optical fiber laser as quenching apparatus, min-cutter is carried out to swash at a high speed
The method of light defocus quenching.The complex shuttle-scanning of conventional laser quenching technical, focusing process are the method overcome, and
For Miniature thin-wall cutter quenching effect it is poor the defects of, adjusted with the depth of quenching, quenching overall process laser is without repeating
The features such as focusing, speed is fast, and heat accumulation effect is small, and technology stability is strong.When for rotary miniature shaving tool quenching, table
Reveal obvious quenching hardening phenomenon, there is the characteristics of technique is simple, and production cost is low, takes into account benefit.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle comparison diagram of defocus laser quenching of the present invention and conventional laser quenching；Wherein (1) is tradition
Laser quenching, (2) are defocus laser quenching of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is quenching unit structure chart of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of light path parameter of the present invention；Wherein (1) is light path, and (2) are blade；
Fig. 4 is laser quenching path schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the metallograph before cutter head does not quench；
Fig. 6 is that laser energy density is 420kJ/cm2The microstructure photo of cutter head is quenched under technological parameter, wherein (a)
50 show low-grade fever influence area, and (b) 1000 times of micro- hardened areas, (c) 1000 times of micro- transitional regions, 1000 times of (d) is micro-
Non- hardened area；
Fig. 7 is that laser energy density is 840kJ/cm2The microstructure photo of cutter head is quenched under technological parameter, wherein (a)
50 show low-grade fever influence area, and (b) 1000 times of micro- hardened areas, (c) 1000 times of micro- transitional regions, 1000 times of (d) is micro-
Non- hardened area.
Embodiment
The present invention is further analyzed with reference to specific embodiment.
Using high-rate laser defocus process for quenching intensive treatment stainless steel (4Cr13) rotary shaver of the present invention
Head.
A. the pretreatment of cutter head to be quenched：Using washes of absolute alcohol cutter head, laser quenching is placed on hair-dryer drying
On the sample stage of device.
B. the setting of light path parameter：Light path parameter, the blade width that the present embodiment is selected are chosen according to cutter head parameter setting
For 0.9mm, the plan depth of quenching is 2mm, brings formula into and calculates field lens focal length and height, and on quenching apparatus by field lens focal length and
Field lens is highly respectively set as 30.5mm and 39.5mm, as shown in Figure 3.
C. laser outgoing route is set：As shown in figure 4, according to the Z- axis geometric projections of blade, loop laser is set to export
Path；The geometric center type of workpiece is snapped into the optical axis center of field lens.
D. the laser quenching of cutter head：Laser is opened, laser is exported according to preset path.Optical maser wavelength is selected in this experiment
In 1060-1080nm optical fiber lasers, the frequency of laser is 20kHZ, and the laser energy density that two groups of samples are respectively adopted is
420kJ/cm2,830kJ/cm2To quench.
E. the change of cutter head paired observation pattern, analysis metallographic composition and hardness values before not quenching after quenching and.
Rotary shaver head before not quenching as indicated in fig. 5, its material are stainless steel (4Cr13), original hardness
506 ± 6HV, material thickness 0.4mm.Since raw material have been subjected to the processing of tempering, the martensitic structure that its metallographic shows compared with
It is few, and obvious boundary is showed between matrix ferrite.
Laser energy density is used as 420kJ/cm2Technique quenching after blade different zones metallographic structure such as Fig. 6
It is shown.By that can be obtained to the side metallographic structure analysis of single blade, the depth of quenching of blade reaches 1.6mm (Fig. 6 a).By dividing
Knot of tissue between analysis contrast laser quenching region (Fig. 6 b), heat affected area (Fig. 6 c) domain and non-hardened area (Fig. 6 d) three
Structure, martensitic structure further separates out after laser quenching, and precipitate particle growth phenomenon is presented, is generated with ferrite matrix bright
Aobvious boundary.Laser energy density is used as 420kJ/cm2Process after the hardness of blade be 643 ± 29HV, hardness
Significantly improved compared to primary sample.
When using laser energy density as 840kJ/cm2Technique quenching after cutter head, its depth of quenching is up to 2.0mm
(Fig. 7 a).By analyzing contrast laser quenching region (Fig. 7 b), heat affected area (Fig. 7 c) domain and non-hardened area (Fig. 7 d) three
Between institutional framework, due to the influencing factor that cooling velocity faster waits after laser quenching, high carbon martensite largely separates out, and organizes
Structure is further refined, is densified, and a large amount of Dispersed precipitates are in ferrite matrix tissue.Use laser energy density for
840kJ/cm2Process after the hardness of blade reach 666 ± 18HV, have significantly more raising compared to primary sample, into
One step proves the feasibility of the quenching technical.
It is that the present invention is not limited only to above-described embodiment, as long as meeting for limitation of the invention that above-described embodiment, which is not,
Application claims, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of high-rate laser defocus quenching strengthening method for miniature shaving tool, following laser defocus quenching strengthening dress
Put, including mirror-vibrating optical fiber laser, X-axis galvanometer, Y-axis galvanometer, zoom field lens；The laser warp that mirror-vibrating optical fiber laser is sent
X-axis vibration mirror reflected to Y-axis galvanometer, laser is exported to workpiece to be quenched through Y-axis vibration mirror reflected to zoom field lens again；It is characterized in that
This method comprises the following steps：
The appearance structure of step (1), analysis miniature shaving tool workpiece to be quenched, projects according to the Z- shaft spaces of hardened area are needed
Position, sets laser outgoing route in the CAD system of laser defocus quenching strengthening device, and the geometric center of workpiece is alignd
To the optical axis center of zoom field lens；
Step (2), choose suitable light path parameter according to the width dimensions of workpiece blade and the required depth of quenching, and setting is optimal
Field lens focal length and field lens height；
The empirical equation of the field lens focal length is：
Wherein f is field lens focal length, unit cm；C is the required depth of quenching of blade, unit cm；D is blade width, single
Position is cm；
The empirical equation of the field lens height is：L 1.3 × f of ≈ formulas (2)
Wherein L for field lens height, unit cm；F is field lens focal length, unit cm；C is the required depth of quenching of blade, single
Position is cm；
Step (3), according to formula (3), set laser energy density：
PD=P/dv formulas (3)
Wherein PDIt is the energy density of laser, unit J/cm2；P is laser output power, unit W；D is the width of blade,
Unit is cm；V is the sweep speed of laser, unit cm/s；
Open laser after step (4), placement workpiece to be quenched, after the completion of run-down, close laser equipment, completion is once swept
Retouch taking-up quenching workpiece.
2. a kind of high-rate laser defocus quenching strengthening method for miniature shaving tool as claimed in claim 1, its feature
It is rotary miniature shaving tool to be miniature shaving tool workpiece.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201711417053.3A CN107937700B (en) | 2017-12-25 | 2017-12-25 | A kind of high-rate laser defocus quenching strengthening method for miniature shaving tool |
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| CN201711417053.3A CN107937700B (en) | 2017-12-25 | 2017-12-25 | A kind of high-rate laser defocus quenching strengthening method for miniature shaving tool |
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| CN107937700A true CN107937700A (en) | 2018-04-20 |
| CN107937700B CN107937700B (en) | 2019-05-31 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1062003A (en) * | 1991-10-21 | 1992-06-17 | 上海工程技术大学 | The heat treatment of medium carbon steel cutter |
| CN1757764A (en) * | 2005-10-25 | 2006-04-12 | 天津修船技术研究所 | Treatment method of laser solid state phase change hardening treatment of chromium molybdenum coper cast iron work piece |
| JP2008156706A (en) * | 2006-12-25 | 2008-07-10 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Method for producing shape memory member |
| CN102962656A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2013-03-13 | 江苏大学 | Compound model processing method and device for cutter |
| CN105331778A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-02-17 | 平高集团有限公司 | Laser quenching treatment method and quenched workpiece |
-
2017
- 2017-12-25 CN CN201711417053.3A patent/CN107937700B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1062003A (en) * | 1991-10-21 | 1992-06-17 | 上海工程技术大学 | The heat treatment of medium carbon steel cutter |
| CN1757764A (en) * | 2005-10-25 | 2006-04-12 | 天津修船技术研究所 | Treatment method of laser solid state phase change hardening treatment of chromium molybdenum coper cast iron work piece |
| JP2008156706A (en) * | 2006-12-25 | 2008-07-10 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Method for producing shape memory member |
| CN102962656A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2013-03-13 | 江苏大学 | Compound model processing method and device for cutter |
| CN105331778A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-02-17 | 平高集团有限公司 | Laser quenching treatment method and quenched workpiece |
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| CN107937700B (en) | 2019-05-31 |
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