CN107926410B - Device and method for preventing soil hardening after rain from affecting crop emergence - Google Patents
Device and method for preventing soil hardening after rain from affecting crop emergence Download PDFInfo
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- CN107926410B CN107926410B CN201711305028.6A CN201711305028A CN107926410B CN 107926410 B CN107926410 B CN 107926410B CN 201711305028 A CN201711305028 A CN 201711305028A CN 107926410 B CN107926410 B CN 107926410B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000721671 Ludwigia Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000037805 labour Diseases 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 description 10
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0287—Devices for laying-out or removing ground coverings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for preventing soil hardening after rain from affecting crop emergence, wherein a first film covering mechanism, a seeding mechanism and a second film covering mechanism are sequentially fixed under a beam; two groups of sowing trays are arranged at the bottom of the sowing mechanism; a group of second film covering mechanisms are arranged behind each group of sowing trays, each second film covering mechanism comprises a water spraying tank, a second roller, a second limiting roller and a second film covering wheel, and the water spraying tanks are connected with the water tanks through pipelines. The device and the method can bond two kinds of mulching films together by adopting water, reduce the soil covering step, adjust the width of the secondary mulching film according to the current air temperature, ensure the bonding time, ensure that crops grow smoothly, ensure that the separation of the two layers of mulching films and the growth time of the crops can be perfectly matched, reduce the labor treatment of the secondary mulching film after soil covering, reduce the labor cost, simultaneously reduce the soil covering, increase the illumination of the inside of the mulching film, improve the soil temperature in the mulching film, and have wide applicability in the field of mulching film planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to the technical field of a device for preventing soil hardening.
Background
The mulching film, also called a farm film, is mainly composed of polyethylene and is used for covering farmlands so as to play roles of improving the ground temperature, keeping the soil humidity and promoting the germination of seeds and the rapid growth of seedlings; also has the effect of inhibiting weed growth. Is widely used in northern areas and vegetable greenhouses at present, but rainfall is more or less different in degree between 4 and 5 months after the crops are sown in Xinjiang spring. Taking cotton as an example, cotton is the main cultivated crop of Xinjiang agricultural production, and most cotton is planted on saline-alkali soil; after the saline-alkali soil is rained, a soil plate layer is easily formed at the sowing hole of the film, the plate layer is hard, cotton seedlings are hard to break out, and therefore, farmers worry about natural rainfall after cotton sowing in Xinjiang spring and before emergence. Once raining, they have to manually or otherwise break the hardened soil on the film surface seed holes.
Although farmers and agricultural production researchers want a plurality of methods to solve the problem, the patent (application number: 200410001763.4) of Liu Xuqi discloses a double-layer mulching film spreading dibble seeding machine, guo Shimin and Zhou Jijun published in agricultural science and technology 2008 (6), the problems and improvement measures of cotton double-film covered double-covered soil cotton planting are all mentioned that the soil on seeds is covered by double-layer mulching films, the soil is prevented from being hardened by contacting rainwater, but the emergence rate of the currently adopted double-layer mulching films is reduced just as mentioned in Guo Shimin and Zhou Jijun, mainly because the temperature of the soil in the mulching films is low due to the fact that the covering soil is thicker than the second-level mulching films, the seeds are hard to germinate due to the fact that the second-level mulching films are too thick and are pressed on the rows, the seedling holes are misplaced, the seedlings are burnt due to the fact that the film uncovering is too late, and the like, a large amount of manpower resources are needed for uncovering the films, and the manual demand is large in the later period.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical current situation that the soil hardening after rain affects the crop emergence, the invention provides a device and a method for preventing the soil hardening after rain from affecting the crop emergence, which are characterized in that the two-stage mulching film is bonded by adopting a water sprinkling method according to weather forecast, the two-stage mulching film adopts a degradable material, after the crop breaks the covering soil to grow a first-stage mulching film, the two-stage mulching film is separated along with the volatilization of water between the two-stage mulching film, the grown crop pushes the two-stage mulching film open, the covering soil on the crop is lightened, the light transmittance is increased, the soil temperature under the mulching film is ensured, and the germination rate of the crop is accelerated.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
The invention provides a device for preventing soil hardening after rain from affecting crop emergence, which comprises a first film covering mechanism, a sowing mechanism and a second film covering mechanism, wherein the first film covering mechanism, the sowing mechanism and the second film covering mechanism are sequentially fixed under a cross beam; two groups of sowing trays are arranged at the bottom of the sowing mechanism and connected with the seed box, and the two groups of sowing trays are respectively arranged below the cross beams at the two sides; the second film covering mechanism comprises a water spraying tank, a second roller, a second limiting roller and a second film covering wheel, the water spraying tank and the water tank are connected through a pipeline, and a spray head is arranged on one side, close to the second roller, of the water spraying tank.
In the invention, the leveling roller is arranged at the rear of the second laminating mechanism, the pressurizing piston is arranged at one side of the water tank, and the pressurizing piston is movably connected with a point, 20cm-40cm away from the center, of the end head of the leveling roller.
In the invention, the pressurizing pistons are provided with two groups, which are respectively connected with the two ends of the leveling roller through connecting rods.
In the invention, the first film coating mechanism comprises a first roller, a first limiting roller, a first film coating wheel and a soil covering shovel, wherein the first roller is higher than the first limiting roller and the first film coating wheel, and the bottoms of the first film coating wheel and the second film coating wheel are on the same horizontal plane.
In the invention, the soil covering shovel is in a round cake shape, the upper part of the soil covering shovel is outwards arranged on the vertical post at an angle of 15-30 degrees, and the soil covering shovel and the cross beam form an included angle of 20-60 degrees.
In the invention, a water filling port is arranged on the water tank, and a feed port is arranged on the seed tank.
In the invention, the connecting rod is provided with a hanging hole.
In the invention, the second roller and the second limiting roller are provided with scales, the second roller is provided with a film roll positioning ring, and the second limiting roller is provided with a film belt position adjusting ring.
The invention provides a method for preventing soil hardening after rain from affecting crop emergence, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mounting a first-level mulching film with the width meeting the width requirement of a planted ridge on a first roller, fixing a second-level mulching film with the width meeting the current air temperature condition on a second roller, and adjusting the positions of a film roll positioning ring and a film belt position adjusting ring according to scales to ensure that seeds sowed by a sowing disc are positioned in the middle of the second-level mulching film;
(2) Pulling the device for preventing the soil hardening after rain from affecting the crop emergence to the front of the ridge to be planted by 20cm-40cm, bypassing the bottom of the first limiting roller, pulling the device from the bottom of the first film covering wheel to the rear side of the device, pressing the end head by the covering soil, bypassing the bottom of the second limiting roller, pulling the second film from the bottom of the second film covering wheel and the bottom of the leveling roller to the rear side of the device, adding water into a water tank, adding seeds into a seed tank, connecting the device for preventing the soil hardening after rain from affecting the crop emergence through a pulling hole and a power mechanism, pulling the device for preventing the soil hardening after rain from affecting the crop emergence forwards, and covering the first film and the second film;
(3) And (3) transversely pressing a layer of earthing at the end of the secondary mulching film, and earthing and cutting off the mulching film after the device which prevents soil hardening after rain from affecting crop emergence leaves the other end of the planting ridge.
In the invention, the width of the secondary mulching film is selected according to the temperature and the planted crops, and the secondary mulching film is cut according to the set width by utilizing a film cutting and rolling machine.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the device and the method for preventing the soil hardening after rain from affecting the seedling emergence of crops, disclosed by the invention, two mulching films can be bonded together by adopting water, so that the earthing links are reduced, the width of a secondary mulching film is adjusted according to the current air temperature, the bonding time is ensured, as seeds germinate, the earthing on a primary mulching film is free of plate agglomeration caused by rain water, crops smoothly pass through the primary mulching film, the secondary mulching film is separated along with the volatilization of the water, the crops smoothly grow out, the air temperature is low during rainfall, the crop growth is slowed down, but the humidity is high, the volatilization of the moisture is slow, and the two mulching films are also slowed down, so that the two mulching film separation and the crop growth time can be perfectly matched, the secondary mulching film does not need manual treatment after earthing, the labor cost is reduced, the illumination entering the mulching film is increased, the soil temperature in the mulching film is improved, the germination of crops is facilitated, and the device has wide applicability in the field of mulching film planting.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a side view of the device according to the invention.
Fig. 2 shows a top view of the device according to the invention.
Fig. 3 shows a bottom view of the device of the present invention.
In the attached drawings, a 1-cross beam, a 2-connecting rod, a 3-seed box, a 4-water tank, a 5-leveling roller, a 6-first roller, a 7-first limit roller, an 8-first film coating wheel, a 9-earthing shovel, a 10-seeding tray, a 11-water spraying tank, a 12-second roller, a 13-second limit roller, a 14-second film coating wheel, a 15-pressurizing piston, a 16-connecting rod, a 17-water filling port, a 18-charging port, a 19-pulling hole, a 20-film roll positioning ring and a 21-film belt position adjusting ring are arranged.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 3 and examples, but the apparatus of the present invention is not limited to the examples described below.
Embodiment one: the invention relates to a device for preventing soil hardening after rain from affecting crop emergence
The invention provides a device for preventing soil hardening after rain from affecting crop emergence, which comprises a first film covering mechanism, a sowing mechanism and a second film covering mechanism, wherein the first film covering mechanism, the sowing mechanism and the second film covering mechanism are sequentially fixed under a cross beam; two groups of sowing trays are arranged at the bottom of the sowing mechanism and connected with the seed box, and the two groups of sowing trays are respectively arranged below the cross beams at the two sides; the second film covering mechanism comprises a water spraying tank, a second roller, a second limiting roller and a second film covering wheel, the water spraying tank and the water tank are connected through a pipeline, and a spray head is arranged on one side, close to the second roller, of the water spraying tank.
In the invention, the leveling roller is arranged at the rear of the second laminating mechanism, the pressurizing piston is arranged at one side of the water tank, and the pressurizing piston is movably connected with a point, 20cm-40cm away from the center, of the end head of the leveling roller.
In the invention, the pressurizing pistons are provided with two groups, which are respectively connected with the two ends of the leveling roller through connecting rods.
In the invention, the first film coating mechanism comprises a first roller, a first limiting roller, a first film coating wheel and a soil covering shovel, wherein the first roller is higher than the first limiting roller and the first film coating wheel, and the bottoms of the first film coating wheel and the second film coating wheel are on the same horizontal plane.
In the invention, the soil covering shovel is in a round cake shape, the upper part of the soil covering shovel is outwards arranged on the vertical post at an angle of 15-30 degrees, and the soil covering shovel and the cross beam form an included angle of 20-60 degrees.
In the invention, a water filling port is arranged on the water tank, and a feed port is arranged on the seed tank.
In the invention, the connecting rod is provided with a hanging hole.
In the invention, the second roller and the second limiting roller are provided with scales, the second roller is provided with a film roll positioning ring, and the second limiting roller is provided with a film belt position adjusting ring.
Embodiment two: the invention relates to a method for preventing soil hardening after rain from affecting crop emergence
The invention provides a method for preventing soil hardening after rain from affecting crop emergence, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mounting a first-level mulching film with the width meeting the width requirement of a planted ridge on a first roller, fixing a second-level mulching film with the width meeting the current air temperature condition on a second roller, and adjusting the positions of a film roll positioning ring and a film belt position adjusting ring according to scales to ensure that seeds sowed by a sowing disc are positioned in the middle of the second-level mulching film;
(2) Pulling the device for preventing the soil hardening after rain from affecting the crop emergence to the front of the ridge to be planted by 20cm-40cm, bypassing the bottom of the first limiting roller, pulling the device from the bottom of the first film covering wheel to the rear side of the device, pressing the end head by the covering soil, bypassing the bottom of the second limiting roller, pulling the second film from the bottom of the second film covering wheel and the bottom of the leveling roller to the rear side of the device, adding water into a water tank, adding seeds into a seed tank, connecting the device for preventing the soil hardening after rain from affecting the crop emergence through a pulling hole and a power mechanism, pulling the device for preventing the soil hardening after rain from affecting the crop emergence forwards, and covering the first film and the second film;
(3) And (3) transversely pressing a layer of earthing at the end of the secondary mulching film, and earthing and cutting off the mulching film after the device which prevents soil hardening after rain from affecting crop emergence leaves the other end of the planting ridge.
In the invention, the width of the secondary mulching film is selected according to the temperature and the planted crops, and the secondary mulching film is cut according to the set width by utilizing a film cutting and rolling machine.
The width of the second-level mulching film is 10% -70% of humidity, and the relationship between the second-level mulching film and temperature and crops under the condition of wind power from first level to fourth level is as follows:
the reason why the width of the second-stage mulching film is different is that the germination speed of different plants is different under the corresponding daily average air temperature, the upward top force of different plants after the plants are unearthed is also different, the relation between the water volatilization speed and the daily average air temperature is larger under the same humidity and wind force conditions, the germination speed of crops is also slower as the volatilization speed is reduced along with the reduction of the air temperature, but the water in the second-stage mulching film is volatilized to the near-separated amount after the crops grow out, so the film is wider, but the germination speeds of different crops are different, and the force for pushing up the upper objects is slightly different. As the air temperature increases, the volatilization speed increases to become a main influencing factor, and enough moisture is reserved before crops come out of soil so that the two film strips are not separated, thus the film strips are wider.
Embodiment III: the method for preventing soil hardening after rain from affecting crop emergence of the invention is used for implementing effect comparison test
The device and the method for preventing soil hardening after rain from affecting crop emergence provided by the invention are used for planting cotton 5 mu as a test group, and a two-stage mulching film simultaneous soil covering method is used for planting cotton 5 mu under the same condition as a comparison group, so that the emergence rate, the time required for emergence, the labor required for planting, the workload required for collecting the two-stage mulching film and the difficulty in collecting the two-stage mulching film of the comparison group and the test group are compared.
As can be seen from the data on the table, the device and the method for preventing soil hardening after rain from affecting crop emergence bond the two mulching films together by adopting water, so that the soil covering link is reduced, the two mulching films can be covered at one time rapidly by the device, the labor required by planting is reduced, the manual treatment of the secondary mulching films after soil covering is reduced, and the labor cost is reduced; according to the current air temperature, the width of the secondary mulch film is adjusted, the bonding time is ensured, as seeds germinate, the soil covered on the primary mulch film is agglomerated because of no plate caused by rainwater, crops smoothly pass through the primary mulch film, the secondary mulch film is separated along with the volatilization of water, the crops smoothly grow out, meanwhile, the soil covered is reduced, the illumination entering the interior of the mulch film is increased, the soil temperature in the mulch film is increased, the germination of the crops is facilitated, the emergence rate of cotton is far higher than that of a comparison group, and the emergence rate is up to 95% except for the reasons of bad seeds and the like; the secondary mulching film is slightly ejected along with the volatilization of water and the growth of crops and is separated from the primary mulching film, so that the secondary mulching film is removed without manually shoveling the covering soil; the secondary mulch film is degraded naturally in 7-15 days under the action of light, temperature and water without manual recovery, so that a great deal of labor cost is saved.
The present invention may be better implemented as described above, and the above examples are merely illustrative of preferred embodiments of the present invention and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection defined by the present invention without departing from the spirit of the design of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The device for preventing the post-rain soil hardening from affecting the crop seedling emergence comprises a first film covering mechanism, a sowing mechanism and a second film covering mechanism, and is characterized in that the first film covering mechanism, the sowing mechanism and the second film covering mechanism are sequentially fixed under a cross beam, a connecting rod is arranged at one end, close to the first film covering mechanism, of the upper part of the cross beam, a seed box is arranged on the cross beam, close to the connecting rod, and a water tank is arranged beside the seed box; two groups of sowing trays are arranged at the bottom of the sowing mechanism and connected with the seed box, and the two groups of sowing trays are respectively arranged below the cross beams at the two sides; a group of second film covering mechanisms are arranged behind each group of sowing trays, each second film covering mechanism comprises a water spraying tank, a second roller, a second limiting roller and a second film covering wheel, the water spraying tanks are connected with the water tanks through pipelines, and a spray head is arranged on one side, close to the second roller, of each water spraying tank; the rear of the second laminating mechanism is provided with a leveling roller, one side of the water tank is provided with a pressurizing piston, and the pressurizing piston is movably connected with a point, 20cm-40cm away from the center, of the end of the leveling roller; the pressurizing pistons are in two groups and are respectively connected with two ends of the leveling roller through connecting rods; the first film covering mechanism comprises a first roller, a first limiting roller, a first film covering wheel and a soil covering shovel, wherein the first roller is higher than the first limiting roller and the first film covering wheel, and the bottoms of the first film covering wheel and the second film covering wheel are on the same horizontal plane; the second roller and the second limiting roller are provided with scales, the second roller is provided with a film roll positioning ring, and the second limiting roller is provided with a film belt position adjusting ring;
the application method of the device for preventing the hardening of soil after rain from affecting the emergence of crops comprises the following steps:
(1) Mounting a first-level mulching film with the width meeting the requirement for the width of a planted ridge on a first roller, selecting the width of a second-level mulching film according to the temperature and the planted crops, cutting according to the set width by using a film cutting and rolling machine, fixing the second-level mulching film with the width meeting the current air temperature condition on the second roller, adjusting the positions of a film roll positioning ring and a film belt position adjusting ring according to scales, and ensuring that seeds sowed by a sowing disc are positioned in the middle of the second-level mulching film; the germination speed of different plants is different under the corresponding daily average air temperature, the upward top force of different plants after the different plants come out of the soil is also different, the water volatilization speed is large in relation with the daily average air temperature under the same humidity and wind force conditions, the germination speed of crops is also slow along with the slow volatilization speed of the air temperature, the water in the second-stage film is volatilized to the separated amount after the crops grow out of the soil, so that the film is wide, the germination speeds of different crops are different, the force for pushing up the upper object is also different, and the width of the film is different;
(2) Pulling the device for preventing the soil hardening after rain from affecting the crop emergence to the front of the ridge to be planted by 20cm-40cm, bypassing the bottom of the first limiting roller, pulling the device from the bottom of the first film covering wheel to the rear side of the device, pressing the end head by the covering soil, bypassing the bottom of the second limiting roller, pulling the second film from the bottom of the second film covering wheel and the bottom of the leveling roller to the rear side of the device, adding water into a water tank, adding seeds into a seed tank, connecting the device for preventing the soil hardening after rain from affecting the crop emergence through a pulling hole and a power mechanism, pulling the device for preventing the soil hardening after rain from affecting the crop emergence forwards, and covering the first film and the second film;
(3) And (3) transversely pressing a layer of earthing at the end of the secondary mulching film, and earthing and cutting off the mulching film after the device which prevents soil hardening after rain from affecting crop emergence leaves the other end of the planting ridge.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the soil covering shovel is in a shape of a cake, the upper part of the soil covering shovel is arranged on the vertical post at an angle of 15-30 degrees outwards, and the soil covering shovel forms an angle of 20-60 degrees with the cross beam.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the water tank is provided with a water filling port, and the seed tank is provided with a feed port.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the connecting rod is provided with a hanging hole.
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CN111615979B (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2022-02-15 | 吉安井冈农业生物科技有限公司 | Vegetable seedling growing film covering equipment |
CN111713320A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-09-29 | 刘春茂 | Vegetable field mulching film soil filling device |
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