CN107832931B - Modularized analysis method for waterlogging risk in plain water network region - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a modular analysis method for the waterlogging risks of different scale areas in plain water network areas. Can provide basic basis for urban drainage and waterlogging facility layout and sponge infrastructure layout.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a modular analysis method for waterlogging risks in a plain water network area, which is suitable for the modular analysis of the waterlogging risks in different scale areas in the plain water network area and belongs to the field of urban drainage waterlogging prevention status assessment methods.
Background
With the continuous aggravation of global climate change and the rapid development of urbanization, the frequency of urban extreme flood disasters is more frequent, and the influence range is gradually enlarged. In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization in China, a large amount of flood regulation and storage spaces such as urban forest lands, lakes and the like are crowded, and urban drainage facility construction lags behind urban development speed and an unsound urban disaster risk management system, so that urban inland inundation situations in China have the characteristics of complexity, diversity and amplification. How to evaluate and analyze the risk of urban waterlogging disasters on the basis of urban waterlogging disaster forming mechanisms and put forward a set of urban waterlogging disaster risk coping technical framework becomes a hot problem to be solved urgently in the urban disaster research field.
At present, urban inland inundation risk assessment is still in research and exploration, and the assessment method mainly comprises the following steps: a historical disaster mathematical statistics evaluation method, an index system evaluation method and a scene simulation evaluation method. The scene model evaluation method in the three methods can intuitively and accurately reflect the influence range and degree of the disaster event caused by the disaster-causing factor with a certain probability, and can accurately reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of the disaster risk. The method is a high-precision, visual and dynamic inland inundation risk assessment method which is based on the principle of water conservancy, establishes a hydrological and hydraulic model, establishes a terrain model, a rainfall model, a drainage model and a ground characteristic model by means of a GIS (geographic information system) technology, a computer technology and a communication technology, and simulates the situation of inland inundation. The waterlogging risk assessment method based on scenario simulation can intuitively and accurately reflect the influence range and degree of disaster events caused by disaster-causing factors with certain probability, can accurately reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of disaster risks, and is very suitable for urban waterlogging risk assessment. The method can be applied on the basis of adopting a mature hydrological and hydraulic model, the simulation process of the model is to study the distribution of rainwater in time and space in an area, and related factors comprise urban rainstorm intensity, rainfall type, underlying surface data, rainwater pipe network and supporting facility data and water receiving body data. In terms of model development, the more mature models at present include MIKE URBAN and MIKE FLOOD coupling model developed by danish institute of hydraulics, InfoWorks ICM model of HR Wallingford, uk, SWMM model developed by the us environmental protection agency, and seewergems model developed by pentry, etc.
The scene simulation evaluation method has complex and changeable process, extremely high requirement on basic data, and various analysis methods for cities and areas with different characteristics. Aiming at plain water network areas, a targeted and innovative analysis method is also needed to comprehensively evaluate the risk of waterlogging.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a modular analysis method for the waterlogging risk of a plain water network area, which aims at comprehensively evaluating the waterlogging risk of the plain water network area.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a modular analysis method for waterlogging risk in plain water network areas is characterized by comprising six modules:
a terrain module formed from a combination of a plurality of elevation point data;
the hydraulic module extracts node attributes through pipeline census data or pipeline planning data: number, system type, coordinates, bottom hole elevation, and pipeline attributes: topological relation, length, shape, width height, roughness; establishing a spatial topological relation through serial numbers of upstream and downstream nodes of a pipeline, performing hydrodynamic calculation on water flow in the pipeline based on a one-dimensional Saint-Venn equation set, and accurately simulating a backwater and overflow phenomenon;
the hydrological module reflects the characteristics of the sub-catchment area and the attribute information with spatial characteristics, including catchment area, water impermeability rate, average gradient and overflow width;
the hydraulic module collects information of various hydraulic structures, inputs related parameters of hydraulic facilities and equipment, firstly determines coordinates of connection nodes in a coordinate system, determines connection relation, and then sets facility attributes according to the operation control mode of the structures;
the river network module is used for determining the basic attributes, the connection relation and the river course trend of the river network through the arrangement of a river course central line, a cross section line, a river bank line, coordinates and a topological relation so as to simulate a complex river network and a stagnant flood area, wherein the complex river network and the stagnant flood area comprise a dendritic, bifurcated and loop river network and a stagnant flood area protected by a dam or a flood bank, and water in the river network can be communicated and exchanged with the outside in a connection mode;
the rainfall module is used for simulating actual rainfall or designed rainfall;
the method comprises four processes:
the data acquisition process is used for acquiring original data required by the hydrological module, the topographic module, the rainfall module, the hydraulic module and the river network module;
a generalized analysis process, which is used for extracting and mining information on the basis of data collected by the data collection process and integrating the information into a data format which can be identified by the module;
the module coupling flow, the hydraulic module, the hydrology module and the rainfall module are coupled with each other to perform one-dimensional analysis: the rainfall is removed and evaporated and then falls to a hydrological module, the rainfall is converted into surface runoff by defining a production confluence mode in the hydrological module, the surface runoff enters a corresponding pipeline, namely a hydraulic module, according to the division of the subset water area, and hydraulic calculation in the pipeline is carried out in the hydraulic module through a hydraulic calculation formula to form a one-dimensional model;
the one-dimensional model is coupled with the terrain module, the river network module and the hydraulic module to form a two-dimensional model, and two-dimensional analysis is carried out: when the water level of the river channel rises to the highest water level, the outlet of the pipeline cannot continuously drain, overflow is generated at a node, and water flow forms two-dimensional accumulated water on the two-dimensional terrain module, so that waterlogging risk analysis can be performed;
and (4) performing multidimensional operation flow, and performing multidimensional simulation analysis by using the module coupling flow.
Furthermore, in the module coupling process, the rainfall module converts surface runoff into surface runoff through recording of actually measured rainfall or designed rainfall data and setting of runoff generating surface attributes, and the surface runoff enters the hydraulic module or the river network module.
Furthermore, in the module coupling process, the subset water area is divided according to the established hydraulic module, and the land utilization type, the production convergence mode, the production flow surface type and the related production flow coefficient are defined in the attribute table of the subset water area, so that the hydrological module is coupled with the hydraulic module; the coupled model can be used for analyzing the drainage capacity of the pipeline and the water level of the node: the hydrological module converts rainfall into surface runoff and enters the hydraulic module, the hydraulic module transfers the water flow through a hydraulic calculation formula, and if the water flow exceeds the drainage capacity of the pipeline, the water flow overflows from a node.
Furthermore, the terrain module combines the one-dimensional model with the extraction of elevation point data of inspection wells, pipelines and production convergence surfaces in the hydraulic module and the hydrological module, and simultaneously selects the one-dimensional production convergence mode or the two-dimensional production convergence mode according to different setting modes of attribute information of the hydrological module; the water conservancy module and the hydrology module can carry out two-dimentional flood process simulation, and the water of accomodating surpasss its discharge capacity when the pipeline, and the topography module will be overflowed from the node to rivers, forms two-dimentional ponding according to the difference of topography, carries out waterlogging risk analysis.
Furthermore, the river network module is combined with the hydraulic and hydrological module in a flap valve mode, water flow in the pipeline enters the river channel through the flap valve in a single direction, after the river network module is coupled with the hydraulic hydrological module, the water flow enters the river channel in a single direction, the water level of the river channel rises to support the water outlet connecting pipeline in a jacking mode, the water level in the pipeline rises, the difficulty in discharging is increased, and when the water level of the river channel is the highest, the pipeline cannot continuously discharge water to the river channel.
Furthermore, the hydraulic module is usually represented as a plurality of independent or interconnected hydraulic structures, the structures usually exist in a model in a connection form, a topological relation is established through the determination of coordinates of upstream and downstream connection points, and the hydraulic module can be connected with a hydraulic module or a river network module, and can also be connected with the hydraulic module and the river network at the same time.
Further, the method further comprises: simulating a result output flow, in the one-dimensional model, performing drainage capacity evaluation according to whether the pipeline is in an overload state, and forming a pipeline drainage capacity result plan view by using overload state parameters generated by the model; the six modules are organically combined together in the two-dimensional model, the ponding data are presented according to the area, the water depth and the ponding time of the 2D grid point, a coupled graph of the result of the submerging time and the submerging depth of the research area is formed, and the waterlogging risk analysis is carried out on the whole research area.
The invention has the following advantages:
1) the method is suitable for analyzing the risk of waterlogging in different scale areas of the plain water network area;
2) the method comprises the steps of coupling an ArcGIS system with hydraulic model software, reasonably generalizing and coupling a large drainage system (river network) and a small drainage system (pipe network) in a plain water network area through a GIS platform, and constructing a hydraulic model for analyzing waterlogging risk;
3) the six modules in the invention can be dynamically set, can be independently applied to one-dimensional pipe network system simulation and one-dimensional river network simulation of a target area, can also be coupled with terrain to be applied to waterlogging risk analysis, and can simultaneously simulate waterlogging risk conditions under different rainfall conditions;
4) the invention focuses on the construction and coupling of various modules, different modules can be coupled to run and output diversified analysis results, the output results are visual, visual and various, and the application range is wide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the result of the mutual coupling operation of six modules of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a module coupling interface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of simulation run result output according to an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, fig. 5a is a pipeline node water level analysis result output diagram, and fig. 5b is an urban waterlogging risk analysis structure output diagram.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below based on specific examples thereof.
The invention comprises six modules
(1) Terrain module
The method is characterized in that a combination of a plurality of elevation point data is formed through a topographic field measurement result, the three-dimensional elevation point form takes an X coordinate, a Y coordinate and a corresponding point Z elevation as main modes, and continuous three-dimensional elevation point data form a complete ground model. Or continuous contour lines are formed by the elevation data measured on the spot, and a complete ground model is formed according to the position of the contour lines and the elevation data.
The method comprises the steps of taking road vertical planning elevation (information in CAD drawings) as original data in a GIS platform, independently extracting elevation points (multi-segment lines, marks or points) and leading the elevation points into an arcMAP platform, generating a point element file with the elevation, interpolating the point element (an inverse distance weight method, a spline line method or a triangular surface method can be selected, and a triangular surface method is selected here) to obtain an elevation continuous curved surface, converting the elevation continuous curved surface into elevation raster data, namely a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), storing the formed shp file or elevation point data TXT format file, and identifying the elevation corresponding to x and y coordinates by software through the elevation points or the contour lines, thereby forming the TIN format terrain module.
(2) Hydraulic module
Extracting node attributes through pipeline census data or pipeline planning data: number (N), system type (rain, sewage, confluence, etc.), coordinates (x, y), bottom hole elevation (z), pipeline properties: topological relationships (upstream and downstream node numbers), length (L), shape, width (a), height (b), roughness (n).
The spatial topological relation is established through serial numbers of upstream and downstream nodes of the pipeline, hydrodynamics calculation is carried out on water flow in the pipeline on the basis of a one-dimensional Saint-Venn equation set, the hydrodynamics calculation is a pair of mass conservation equations and momentum conservation equations, the hydrodynamics state in the pipeline or the channel can be completely simulated, and the backwater and overflow phenomena can be accurately simulated.
In the formula: q: flow rate (m)3S); a: cross sectional area (m)2) (ii) a g: acceleration of gravity (m/s)2) (ii) a θ: horizontal included angle (degrees); s0: gradient of a bed layer; k: the delivery volume (calculated by the formula of Kelebone-white or Manning)
(3) Hydrological module
The attribute information with space characteristics reflecting the characteristics of the sub-catchment area in the model comprises catchment area, watertight rate, average gradient and overflow width. The catchment area of the water subset area is determined during division, the water subset area is divided mainly by adopting a Thiessen polygon method according to basic conditions of studying regional terrain, river channel distribution and the like, a polygon formed by intersecting pipelines is selected as a division unit, a perpendicular bisector of each side is found out, an irregular polygon formed by connecting the intersection of the perpendicular bisectors and a pipeline node is the Thiessen polygon, and the area of each Thiessen polygon is the area of the water subset area corresponding to the pipe section.
The water impermeability of the sub-water area is extracted according to the data condition (can be according to the topographic map of the target area or high-definition satellite image map), in order to facilitate data processing and input, the water impermeability of the extracted sub-water area is processed in a grading way, the grade difference is 5%, and the water impermeability of the water surface is 100%; the water impermeability rate of dense urban buildings is 60-70 percent; urban areas have green squares, grasslands and the like, and the water impermeability rate is 20%; the water impermeability of the urban and rural combined part is 40-50%; in farmlands and rural areas, the water impermeability rate is 5-20% according to the actual condition of ground surface coverage. The underlying surface of the target area can be analyzed through the identification of the watertight rate, and the runoff coefficients of all sub-water areas are calculated in a GIS system by adopting the following method:
psi i is the runoff coefficient assignment corresponding to the ith underlying surface; alpha i is the proportion of the i-th type of underlying surface area to the total catchment area; fi is the area of the ith underlying surface, and F is the total catchment area; the runoff coefficient reference value of part of the underlying surface is as follows:
runoff coefficient value of underlying surface
After assignment and calculation processing in a GIS system, a layer attribute table with runoff coefficients of all the subset water areas can be exported and imported into model software, and at the moment, a production and convergence model calculation method is selected. Different production and confluence model calculation methods are coupled in the hydrological module, such as production and flow models of Horton, Green-Ampt, SCS and the like, confluence models of Wallingford, Large Catch, SWMM, Unit and the like, rainfall is converted into surface runoff through selection of a production and confluence mode, and the surface runoff is discharged into a pipe network.
For plain water network areas, a Hoton infiltration model is usually selected as a production flow model, and permeable and semi-permeable water surfaces can adopt a Horton model, which is usually expressed as a time-related function:
f＝fc+(f0-fc)e-kt
wherein: f. of0: initial infiltration rate (mm/h); fc: final infiltration rate (mm/h); k: exponential term parameter (1/h); the cumulative permeation amount is:
the confluence model is usually an SWMM confluence model developed by the United states, is usually used together with a Horton infiltration model, and mainly comprises three parts of initial loss, runoff volume and confluence amount calculation, and adopts a nonlinear reservoir and a motion wave equation for calculation.
The nonlinear reservoir equation is as follows:
wherein: t: simulation time (min); gt: corresponding time outflow (m3/s)
G0: the initial output flow rate, a and b are parameters calculated according to local conditions, and the calculation method is the prior art and is not described herein again.
(4) Hydraulic module
Collecting information data of various hydraulic structures, inputting relevant parameters of hydraulic facilities and equipment into a model respectively, firstly determining coordinates of connection nodes of the hydraulic facilities and the equipment in a coordinate system, determining connection relation, and then setting facility attributes according to a structure operation control mode. The following table shows the required input attribute values for the main hydraulic structure.
| Construction object | Input attribute |
| Pump and method of operating the same | Upstream and downstream node number, bottom elevation, opening and closing water level, opening and closing delay and water pump flow |
| Brake | Upstream and downstream node number, bottom elevation, width, flow rate, opening height, gate depth |
| Weir type | Upstream and downstream node number, ceiling height, width, flow |
(5) River network module
The basic attribute, the connection relation and the river course trend of the river network are determined by setting the center line, the cross section line, the bank line, the coordinate and the topological relation of the river network, so that the complex river network and the stagnant flood area including the dendritic, branched and loop river network and the stagnant flood area protected by a dam or a flood bank are simulated, and the water in the river network can be communicated and exchanged with the outside in a connection mode.
Firstly, establishing a GIS (geographic information System) space data system in ArcGIS (geographic information System) according to river network general survey data information, giving out the distribution characteristics of a river network on a plane, and positioning the coordinates (x, y) of the starting point and the stopping point of a river channel and the coordinates (x, y) of the intersection point of the river channel0,y0) Establishing a river network topological relation, then determining the section form and the size of each subsection, and outputting an shp file of river network plane distribution attributes of a target area;
the method comprises the steps of introducing an shp file with a river network plane distribution structure attribute into a model in an open channel mode, inputting section information in the model to create a section (the section is given in a coordinate offset and elevation mode), converting the introduced open channel into a river channel through a channel-to-river function in the model, deleting river segments and only reserving river channel cross section lines, introducing the shp file generated through ArcGIS into a river channel central line in a river channel central line mode again, connecting the cross section lines in series, and finally generating a river channel boundary to form the complete river network model.
(6) Rainfall module
The rainfall module can simulate actual rainfall or design rainfall, the actual rainfall is formed by local measured data arrangement, and the actual rainfall is presented in a rainfall data sequence form consisting of rainfall time (t) and rainfall capacity (H).
The design rainfall can be selected from different design forms according to different regions, Chicago rain type is generally selected in China, and a local rainstorm intensity formula, a rainfall recurrence period (P) and a rain peak coefficient (r) are required to be given.
The Chicago rain type calculation formula is as follows:
before peak
After peak
Wherein A is A1(1+c lg P)，A1B, c and n are parameters in the rainstorm intensity formula, P is the rainfall recurrence period, and t is the duration of rainfall.
And determining the rainfall recurrence period corresponding to the research area according to the waterlogging prevention and control design recurrence period specified in the design Specification for outdoor drainage (GB50014-2006) (2016 edition).
Designed recurrence period for prevention and treatment of waterlogging
According to the regulation of designing the rainfall duration for selecting the rainfall type in the technical Specification for preventing and treating urban waterlogging (GB51222-2017), the current actual condition of China is considered, and the rainfall duration can be selected for 3-24 hours. Therefore, according to local practical conditions, Chicago rain patterns with rainfall duration of 3h are recommended.
The rainfall module is embedded into the model along with the operation of the model to simulate the actual rainfall process, and rainfall is coupled to the hydrological module to form surface runoff through the production and confluence process.
The six modules establish the relation among the five processes, and obtain corresponding simulation analysis results through generalization, coupling and operation.
The following is an illustration of five major procedures:
(1) data acquisition process
The data acquisition technology comprises the steps of on-site investigation, data integration, real-time monitoring, construction of a geographic information system extraction data and topological relation, analysis and extraction by using a remote sensing technology and the like, storage in a local computer or a local area network internal server, and the like, wherein the data are used for planning the data of the ground surface coverage type, the terrain elevation value, short-duration rainfall data, pipe network data (comprising pipe bottom surface height, pipeline gradient, length, pipeline specification and the like), pump stations, a hydraulic gate, river network information and the like of an area by taking GIS system shp files, CAD graphs, Excel tables, Access databases or model results in various forms as main data forms, and the data are respectively used for serving a hydrological module, a terrain module, a rainfall module, a hydraulic module and a river network module.
(2) Generalized analytical procedure
The generalized analysis is to extract and mine six kinds of information on the basis of collected data, and different software is adopted to generalize and integrate the information into a data format which can be identified by a model. The terrain data can be generalized into terrain modules after an elevation value can be extracted and gridded through ArcGIS identification; the earth surface coverage type can be classified and assigned after being identified by remote sensing, and can be generalized into a hydrological module; the short-duration rainfall data can be statistically analyzed by a Chicago rain type method, generalized into a short-duration rainfall rain type, and a rainfall module can be established; the information of the pipe network and the hydraulic engineering can be input into ArcGIS through a general survey system, and is generalized into a hydraulic module and a hydraulic engineering module after being processed in model software; river course information is input through river course trend and section information, generalized into an open channel, and a river network module is formed through establishment of a river bank line. The modules are generalized to form six independent blocks, and the connection between the modules needs to be established through a coupling process.
(3) Module coupling process
1) The rainfall module is converted into surface runoff through recording of actually measured rainfall or designed rainfall data and setting of the property of the runoff generating surface, the surface runoff enters a hydraulic module or a river network module (in a one-dimensional model) and a terrain module (in a two-dimensional model), and the rainfall module is the basis of all simulation;
2) firstly, the sub-water area is divided according to the established hydraulic module, and the land utilization type, the production and confluence mode, the production surface type and the related production coefficient are defined in the attribute table of the sub-water area, so that the hydrological module is coupled with the hydraulic module.
The coupled model can be used for analyzing the drainage capacity of the pipeline and the water level of the node: the hydrological module converts rainfall into surface runoff and enters the hydraulic module, the hydraulic module transfers the water flow through a hydraulic calculation formula, and if the water flow exceeds the drainage capacity of the pipeline, the water flow overflows from a node;
3) the terrain module is combined with the one-dimensional model through extraction of elevation point data of each inspection well, each pipeline and each production convergence surface, and meanwhile, the one-dimensional production convergence mode or the two-dimensional production convergence mode can be selected through different setting modes of attribute information of the hydrological module; the two-dimensional overflowing process can be simulated by combining the two, when the incoming water contained in the pipeline exceeds the discharge capacity of the pipeline, the water flow overflows from the node to the terrain module, two-dimensional accumulated water is formed according to different terrains, and the inland inundation risk analysis is carried out;
4) the river network module can be combined with the hydraulic and hydrological module in various forms, the most commonly used form is a flap valve form, water flow in the pipeline can enter the river channel through the flap valve in a one-way mode, after the river network module is coupled with the hydraulic hydrological module, the water flow can enter the river channel in a one-way mode, the water level of the river channel rises to support the water outlet connecting pipeline, so that the water level in the pipeline rises, the difficulty in discharge is increased, and when the water level of the river channel is the highest, the pipeline cannot continuously discharge water to the river channel;
5) the hydraulic module is usually represented as individual independent or interconnected hydraulic structures, the structures usually exist in a model in a connection mode, a topological relation is established through the determination of coordinates of upstream and downstream connection points, and the hydraulic module can be connected with the hydraulic module, the river network module and the hydraulic module and the river network module. So far, the six modules are organically combined together to form a complete model, and an external computing engine is called to perform simulation computation of the model on the basis.
(4) Multidimensional operation flow
Through the three steps, a calculation engine can be called through computer software to perform multidimensional simulation analysis, and a result is output.
To sum up, the hydraulic module, the hydrology module and the rainfall module are coupled with each other, so that one-dimensional analysis can be performed: the rainfall is removed and evaporated and then falls to the hydrological module, the rainfall is converted into surface runoff through a production convergence mode defined in the hydrological module, the surface runoff enters the corresponding pipeline according to the division of the subset water area, namely the hydraulic module, the hydraulic calculation in the pipeline is carried out in the hydraulic module through a hydraulic calculation formula, a one-dimensional model is formed, and the one-dimensional model can be used for pipeline drainage capacity analysis, node water level analysis and the like.
The one-dimensional model is coupled with the terrain module, the river network module and the hydraulic module to form a two-dimensional model which can be subjected to two-dimensional analysis: the water conservancy module is terminal to be coupled with the river network module through connection methods such as clapping the door promptly, and the pipeline end is flowed out and is got into the river course, and the river course water level promotes to produce the top to hold in the palm the effect to the inside rivers of pipeline, influences pipeline rivers and discharges, and when the river course water level rose to the highest water level, the unable drainage that continues of pipeline export produced the overflow at the node, and rivers form two-dimentional ponding on two-dimentional topography module to waterlogging risk analysis can carry out. The two dimensions are considered to be both pipe network and surface production convergence processes.
And in the multidimensional operation, the obtained result is calibrated and verified, if the error range is not met, parameters in the six modules are modified, and module coupling and multidimensional operation are carried out again until the obtained result meets the error range.
(5) Analysis outcome output
And three modules are coupled in the one-dimensional model, the drainage capacity is evaluated according to whether the pipeline is in an overload state, the overload state parameters generated by the model are exported into a shp file and imported into ArcGIS, and a pipeline drainage capacity result plan is formed through the analysis and processing function of a GIS (geographic information system).
The method comprises the steps of organically combining six modules in a two-dimensional model, presenting ponding data according to the area, water depth and ponding time of a 2D grid point, outputting results into an shp file, leading the shp file into ArcGIS for statistics, evaluating the waterlogging risk intensity level according to a multi-factor method, determining a statistical analysis standard, forming a result coupling graph of the submerging time and the submerging depth of a research area, or a submerged water depth animation video changing along with rainfall time, and carrying out waterlogging risk analysis on the whole research area.
The output result of the model is visualized and can be used as a related planning base map to provide a basis for the reconstruction of a drainage system and the layout of facilities of an inland inundation system.
The terms used in the present invention are all common terms in the art, and those skilled in the art can understand and implement the technical solutions of the present invention according to the contents described in the present specification. Specific explanations regarding terms involved therein are not repeated herein.
Claims (7)
1. A modular analysis method for waterlogging risk in plain water network areas is characterized by comprising six modules:
a terrain module formed from a combination of a plurality of elevation point data;
the hydraulic module extracts node attributes through pipeline census data or pipeline planning data: number, system type, coordinates, bottom hole elevation, and pipeline attributes: topological relation, length, shape, width height, roughness; establishing a spatial topological relation through serial numbers of upstream and downstream nodes of a pipeline, performing hydrodynamic calculation on water flow in the pipeline based on a one-dimensional Saint-Venn equation set, and accurately simulating a backwater and overflow phenomenon;
the hydrological module reflects the characteristics of the sub-catchment area and the attribute information with spatial characteristics, including catchment area, water impermeability rate, average gradient and overflow width;
the hydraulic module collects information of various hydraulic structures, inputs related parameters of hydraulic facilities and equipment, firstly determines coordinates of connection nodes in a coordinate system, determines connection relation, and then sets facility attributes according to the operation control mode of the structures;
the river network module is used for determining the basic attributes, the connection relation and the river course trend of the river network through the arrangement of a river course central line, a cross section line, a river bank line, coordinates and a topological relation so as to simulate a complex river network and a stagnant flood area, wherein the complex river network and the stagnant flood area comprise a dendritic, bifurcated and loop river network and a stagnant flood area protected by a dam or a flood bank, and water in the river network can be communicated and exchanged with the outside in a connection mode;
the rainfall module is used for simulating actual rainfall or designed rainfall;
the method comprises four processes:
the data acquisition process is used for acquiring original data required by the hydrological module, the topographic module, the rainfall module, the hydraulic module and the river network module;
a generalized analysis process, which is used for extracting and mining information on the basis of data collected by the data collection process and integrating the information into a data format which can be identified by the module;
the module coupling flow, the hydraulic module, the hydrology module and the rainfall module are coupled with each other to perform one-dimensional analysis: the rainfall is removed and evaporated and then falls to a hydrological module, the rainfall is converted into surface runoff by defining a production confluence mode in the hydrological module, the surface runoff enters a corresponding pipeline, namely a hydraulic module, according to the division of the subset water area, and hydraulic calculation in the pipeline is carried out in the hydraulic module through a hydraulic calculation formula to form a one-dimensional model; the one-dimensional model is coupled with the terrain module, the river network module and the hydraulic module to form a two-dimensional model, and two-dimensional analysis is carried out: when the water level of the river channel rises to the highest water level, the outlet of the pipeline cannot continuously drain, overflow is generated at a node, and water flow forms two-dimensional accumulated water on the two-dimensional terrain module, so that waterlogging risk analysis can be performed;
a multidimensional operation flow, which utilizes the module coupling flow to carry out multidimensional simulation analysis;
in the hydrological module, the impermeability of the sub-water area is extracted according to the data condition, and for facilitating data processing and input, the extracted impermeability of the sub-water area is subjected to grading treatment, the grade difference is 5%, and the water surface impermeability is 100%; the water impermeability rate of dense urban buildings is 60-70%; urban areas have green squares and grasslands, and the water impermeability is 20 percent; the water impermeability of the joint between the city and the countryside is 40-50%; in farmlands and rural areas, the water impermeability rate is between 5 and 20 percent according to the actual condition of ground surface coverage; the underlying surface of the target area can be analyzed through the identification of the watertight rate, and the runoff coefficients of all sub-water areas are calculated in a GIS system by adopting the following method:
φ=∑φiαi
phi i in the formula is the runoff coefficient assignment corresponding to the ith bedding surface; alpha i is the proportion of the i-th type of underlying surface area to the total catchment area; fi is the area of the ith underlying surface, and F is the total catchment area;
after assignment and calculation processing in a GIS system, a layer attribute table with runoff coefficients of all sub-water areas can be exported, model software is introduced, a production convergence model calculation method is selected, different production convergence model calculation methods are coupled in the hydrological module, rainfall is converted into surface runoff through selection of a production convergence mode, and the surface runoff is discharged into a pipe network;
aiming at plain water network areas, a Hoton infiltration model is selected as a production flow model, and a Horton model is adopted for the water permeable and semi-permeable surfaces and expressed as a time-related function:
wherein: f. of0: initial infiltration rate; fc: final infiltration rate; k: an exponential term parameter;
the cumulative permeation amount is:
the confluence model is a SWMM confluence model, is used together with a Horton infiltration model, is divided into three parts of initial loss, runoff volume and confluence amount calculation, and is calculated by adopting a nonlinear reservoir and a motion wave equation;
the nonlinear reservoir equation is as follows:
wherein: t: simulating time; gt: outputting the flow at the corresponding time;
g0: the initial flow rate, a and b, is a parameter calculated according to the local situation.
2. The modular analysis method for the risk of waterlogging in the plain water network area according to claim 1, wherein in the module coupling process, the rainfall module converts surface runoff into surface runoff to enter the hydraulic module or the river network module through the recording of actually measured rainfall or designed rainfall data and the setting of runoff surface attributes.
3. The modular analysis method for the waterlogging risk in the plain water network area according to claim 1, wherein in the module coupling process, the subset water area is divided according to the established hydraulic module, and the land utilization type, the production confluence mode, the production surface type and the related production coefficient are defined in the attribute table of the subset water area, so that the hydrological module is coupled with the hydraulic module; the coupled model can be used for analyzing the drainage capacity of the pipeline and the water level of the node: the hydrological module converts rainfall into surface runoff and enters the hydraulic module, the hydraulic module transfers the water flow through a hydraulic calculation formula, and if the water flow exceeds the drainage capacity of the pipeline, the water flow overflows from a node.
4. The modular analysis method for the waterlogging risk in the plain water network area according to claim 1, wherein in the module coupling process, the terrain module is combined with the one-dimensional model through extraction of elevation point data of each inspection well, pipeline and production and confluence surface in the hydraulic module and the hydrological module, and simultaneously the one-dimensional production and confluence mode or the two-dimensional production and confluence mode is selected through different setting modes of attribute information of the hydrological module; the water conservancy module and the hydrology module can carry out two-dimentional flood process simulation, and the water of accomodating surpasss its discharge capacity when the pipeline, and the topography module will be overflowed from the node to rivers, forms two-dimentional ponding according to the difference of topography, carries out waterlogging risk analysis.
5. The method for modular analysis of waterlogging risk in plain water network areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the module coupling process, the river network module is combined with the hydraulic and hydrological modules in a flap gate manner, water flow in the pipeline enters the river channel in one direction through the flap gate, after the river network module is coupled with the hydraulic hydrological module, the water flow enters the river channel in one direction, the water level of the river channel rises to support the water outlet connecting pipeline, so that the water level in the pipeline rises, the drainage difficulty is increased, and when the water level of the river channel is highest, the pipeline cannot continuously drain water to the river channel.
6. The method for modular analysis of waterlogging risk in plain water network areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the module coupling process, the hydraulic modules are represented as a plurality of independent or interconnected hydraulic structures, the structures exist in the model in a connected form, the topological relation is established by the determination of the coordinates of the upstream and downstream connection points, and the hydraulic modules can be connected with the hydraulic module or the river network module, or can be connected with the hydraulic module and the river network module simultaneously.
7. The method for modular analysis of waterlogging risk in a plain water network area of claim 1, further comprising: simulating a result output flow, in the one-dimensional model, performing drainage capacity evaluation according to whether the pipeline is in an overload state, and forming a pipeline drainage capacity result plan view by using overload state parameters generated by the model; the six modules are organically combined together in the two-dimensional model, the ponding data are presented according to the area, the water depth and the ponding time of the 2D grid point, a coupled graph of the result of the submerging time and the submerging depth of the research area is formed, and the waterlogging risk analysis is carried out on the whole research area.
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