CN114647881B - Urban waterlogging modeling method considering microscopic hydrologic process of building - Google Patents

Urban waterlogging modeling method considering microscopic hydrologic process of building Download PDF

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CN114647881B
CN114647881B CN202210249555.4A CN202210249555A CN114647881B CN 114647881 B CN114647881 B CN 114647881B CN 202210249555 A CN202210249555 A CN 202210249555A CN 114647881 B CN114647881 B CN 114647881B
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朱可欣
杨祺琪
王天乐
张书亮
戴强
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Nanjing Normal University
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Abstract

The invention provides a city waterlogging modeling method considering a microscopic hydrologic process of a building, which comprises the following steps of S1: firstly, deeply analyzing a hydrologic process of a building roof, and aiming at a rainwater inlet and a drainage pipe network of the building roof, constructing a three-dimensional water collecting network based on drainage facilities of the building; step S2: analyzing the three-dimensional space structural characteristics of the building, and taking the roof short wall into consideration to further correct the ground surface elevation on the basis of the ground elevation where the building is lifted; step S3: dividing urban surface rainwater catchment areas; step S4: based on the analysis of the surface and underground pipe network water flow process, a surface and underground pipe network water flow exchange coupling method is provided, and the surface runoff process and the underground pipe network water flow conveying process are modeled. Aiming at the influence of the microscopic hydrologic process of the building on the waterlogging formation process, the invention innovatively constructs a three-dimensional catchment network from the roof to the earth surface and then to the underground, and realizes the simulation of the drainage process of rainwater from the roof to the earth surface of the building.

Description

Urban waterlogging modeling method considering microscopic hydrologic process of building
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geographic information, in particular to a city waterlogging modeling method considering a microscopic hydrologic process of a building.
Background
In recent years, urban waterlogging disasters in China frequently happen, life and property safety of people are seriously threatened, and a plurality of troubles are brought to urban development. To effectively cope with flood disasters and their adverse effects, more and more engineering and non-engineering measures are implemented in flood disaster management. Urban waterlogging simulation is used as an effective non-engineering measure, and the runoff conditions of the earth surface and underground under certain rainfall conditions are obtained through urban rainfall runoff process simulation, so that disaster forecasting and analysis can be effectively assisted, and the urban rainfall runoff simulation system is widely applied at home and abroad.
The building is an important component of the city, and the density of the surface building is increased, so that the original hydrologic cycle of the city is affected, the original rainwater converging process of the city is changed, and the building has an important influence on the generation of urban waterlogging disasters. The microscopic hydrologic process of the building is a three-dimensional catchment network formed by a building inlet for stom water, a building drain pipe, a surface rain water grate, an underground rainwater pipe network and the like from a roof to the surface and then to the underground, has strong influence on the surface permeability, surface ponding and runoff formation, and has an important role in urban waterlogging simulation.
However, the traditional urban waterlogging simulation lacks deep analysis of a microscopic hydrological process of a building, ignores a three-dimensional water collecting process of rainwater from a building roof to the earth surface and then to the underground, lacks accurate expression of a building water collecting unit, does not consider influence of building roof characteristics on earth surface elevation correction, is difficult to meet the needs of space-time simulation and analysis of waterlogging disasters in a complex urban environment, and effectively considers how the influence of the microscopic hydrological process of the building on waterlogging has become important content of the waterlogging simulation in urban background.
In summary, there is currently a lack of a modeling method for urban inland inundation, which considers the microscopic hydrologic process of a building, so as to improve the accuracy and precision of urban inland inundation simulation, and provide scientific basis for inland inundation management measure formulation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the technical problems that the urban waterlogging modeling method taking the microscopic hydrologic process of a building into consideration aims at the defects of the background technology, creatively builds a three-dimensional water collecting network from a roof to the earth surface to underground aiming at the influence of the microscopic hydrologic process of the building on the waterlogging forming process, realizes the water draining process simulation of rainwater from the roof to the earth surface of the building, improves the defect that the traditional urban waterlogging simulation lacks the water collecting process of the building, and further meets the needs of space-time simulation of waterlogging disasters under the complex environment of an urban hydrologic unit.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
the urban waterlogging modeling method considering the microscopic hydrologic process of the building comprises the following steps:
step S1: firstly, deeply analyzing a hydrologic process of a building roof, and aiming at a rainwater inlet and a drainage pipe network of the building roof, constructing a three-dimensional water collecting network based on drainage facilities of the building;
step S2: analyzing the three-dimensional space structural characteristics of the building, and taking the roof short wall into consideration to further correct the ground surface elevation on the basis of the ground elevation where the building is lifted;
step S3: the urban surface rainwater catchment area is divided according to the principle of layer-by-layer refinement from large to small by combining the influence of terrains, roads, buildings and various manual drainage facilities on the urban converging process;
step S4: based on the analysis of the surface and underground pipe network water flow process, a surface and underground pipe network water flow exchange coupling method is provided, and the surface runoff process and the underground pipe network water flow conveying process are modeled to construct an urban waterlogging model.
Further, the step S1 includes the following steps:
step S11: generalizing a rain inlet of a roof of a building into a real rain grate, carrying out attribute assignment and determining a rain point coordinate corresponding to the rain inlet;
step S12: assigning attributes such as a rainwater pipe point number, a pipe point burial depth, a pipe point elevation value and the like of the generalized rainwater point; setting the burial depth of the pipe point to 0, and setting the elevation value of the pipe point to be the sum of the elevation value of the ground corresponding to the gully and the elevation of the building;
step S13: connecting a rainwater point formed by generalizing a roof rainwater inlet of a building with a nearest rainwater point around the building, and establishing a communication relation between a building water collecting network and a city rainwater pipe network;
step S14: by carrying out actual investigation and collection on the drainage pipe network, the attributes such as the pipe section name, the pipe section starting point, the pipe section ending point, the pipe section starting point burial depth, the pipe section ending point burial depth, the pipe diameter and the like of the rainwater pipe network are assigned, so that a three-dimensional water collecting network of the building, which is consistent with reality, is formed.
Further, the step S2 further includes the following steps:
s21: aligning the building edges with grid cell boundaries so that the roof elevation can accurately describe the location of the building;
s22: converting the building surface elements into raster data with the same resolution, and generalizing the building height into raster height;
s23: superposing the height of the grid corresponding to the building on the original DEM, thereby completing the fusion of the DEM and the building information;
s24: because the short wall is usually built around the building roof, the grid elevation value corresponding to the building boundary is acquired for correction, so that the building boundary elevation value meets the actual building roof boundary condition.
Further, the step S3 includes the following steps:
step S31: carrying out flow direction extraction, pseudo-depression filling, confluence accumulation amount calculation, natural water system extraction and water collecting region generation operation on DEM data of a region to be divided to obtain a water collecting region based on topography division;
step S32: automatically extracting the central line of a main road of a road and the contour line of a building, and further dividing the existing catchment area;
step S33: screening out sub-catchment surface elements containing pipe points with the number of pipe points being more than 1 based on the sub-catchment areas, and dividing Thiessen polygons based on the pipe points in the catchment areas;
step S34: and (3) according to the three-dimensional water collecting network of the building constructed in the step (S1), taking the rain water inlet of the roof of the building as a rain water point, and dividing the sub water collecting units of the building based on the generalized rain water point of the rain water inlet.
Further, step S41: by extracting the row and column numbers of the DEM grids, the coordinate value (x) of the corresponding grid is judged and calculated 1 ，y 1 )；
Step S42: extracting coordinate value (x) of underground pipe point 2 ，y 2 ) Traversing the DEM grids of the research area according to the coordinates, finding grids with rain water pipe points, and determining a corresponding relation;
step S43: calculating the water head corresponding to each pipe network node by using a one-dimensional underground pipe network model, wherein the water head minus the pipe point elevation is the water depth H corresponding to the rainwater pipe point 1D The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Finding grids corresponding to the surface DEM through the coordinates of the rainwater pipe points, and calculating the water depth H on the corresponding DEM grids by using a two-dimensional surface flooding model 2D ；
Step S44: judging whether or not the condition Z is satisfied 2D ≤H 1D ≤H 2D ，Z 2D Is the surface elevation; if yes, selecting an orifice outflow formula to calculate the exchange flow, otherwise, entering step S45; wherein the orifice outflow formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003545436110000041
wherein q v Indicating flow, C q The flow coefficient is represented by A, the orifice cross-sectional area is represented by A, the gravity acceleration is represented by g, and the water level difference is represented by H1-H2;
step S45: judging whether the grid elevation value of the DEM unit where the pipe point is located is smaller than the elevation values corresponding to all surrounding DEM grid units, namely, completely covering a rainwater well by current rainwater, if so, calculating the exchange flow by using an orifice outflow formula, otherwise, entering step S46;
step S46: and selecting a weir flow formula to calculate the exchange flow, wherein the weir flow formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003545436110000042
wherein Q represents flow, m represents flow coefficient, B represents overflow width, g represents gravitational acceleration, H 0 Representing the total head on the weir;
step S47: selecting a Horton model to calculate the infiltration amount, simulating the surface runoff by using a nonlinear reservoir model, and solving a parallel Riemannning formula and a continuous equation by inputting parameters such as the area, the width and the gradient of a sub-catchment area, the surface Manning coefficient, the stagnant accumulation amount and the like, so as to finish the modeling of the surface runoff process; wherein the Horton model empirical formula is as follows:
f P ＝f ∞ +(f 0 -f ∞ )e -αt
wherein f p Is the infiltration rate (m) 2 /h)，f ∞ To stabilize the hypotonic rate (m 2 /h)，f 0 For the initial hypotonic rate (m 2 H), t is rainfall duration, and alpha is attenuation index;
wherein the continuous equation is as follows:
Figure BDA0003545436110000051
where d is the water depth and v=a×d is the surface area water quantity (m 3 ) A is the surface area of the drainage area (m 2 ) I is net rain, Q is outflow (m 2 /s)；
Wherein, the Manning equation is as follows:
Figure BDA0003545436110000052
wherein S is the width of the sub-basin, n is the Manning coefficient, W is the overflow width (m) of the sub-basin, d p Is the water storage depth (m) of the earth surface stagnation;
step S48: solving a one-dimensional Save Vigna equation based on the drainage outflow port of the appointed place obtained by the surface confluence simulation prediction in combination with a dynamic wave water flow calculation method to calculate the flow velocity and the water depth in a pipeline, and simulating the water flow conveying process of the underground pipe network by utilizing the concept of a storage unit on a grid; wherein the san-valan equation consists of a momentum equation and a continuity equation of a one-dimensional all-shallow water equation:
Figure BDA0003545436110000053
Figure BDA0003545436110000054
wherein Q is x Is the volume flow in the x Cartesian direction, A is the cross-sectional area of water flow, h is the depth of water, z is the high level, g is the gravity, n is the friction coefficient of Manning, R is the hydraulic radiusT is time and x is distance in x Cartesian directions.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following technical effects:
1. through deep analysis of the microscopic hydrologic process of the building, the three-dimensional water collecting process from the roof to the earth surface and then to the underground of the building is fully considered, accurate expression of a water collecting unit of the building is realized, the defect of research on the microscopic hydrologic process of the building by the traditional urban waterlogging simulation is overcome, and the requirements of space-time simulation and analysis of waterlogging disasters in the urban complex environment are further met.
2. On the basis, a complete urban waterlogging model is constructed by combining a rainwater catchment area dividing module, an underground pipe network model and a ground surface flooding model coupling module, so that the connotation of urban waterlogging space-time simulation is enriched, the understanding of a microscopic hydrologic process can be promoted, and scientific guidance can be provided for community-scale waterlogging disaster management.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of the present embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a specific application of the present embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional catchment network constructed based on a building drainage facility according to the present embodiment.
In fig. 4, a is a schematic view of drainage of rainwater on a roof of a building, and b is a schematic view of communication between a building catchment network and a city rainwater pipe network.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of an algorithm of a water flow exchange coupling method of an earth surface and an underground pipe network in the present embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "left", "right", "upper", "lower", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and "first", "second", etc. do not indicate the importance of the components, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The specific dimensions adopted in the present embodiment are only for illustrating the technical solution, and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention discloses a city waterlogging modeling method based on a microscopic hydrologic process of a building, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: firstly, deeply analyzing a hydrologic process of a building roof, and aiming at a rainwater inlet and a drainage pipe network of the building roof, constructing a three-dimensional water collecting network based on drainage facilities of the building;
step S2: analyzing the three-dimensional space structural characteristics of the building, and taking the roof short wall into consideration to further correct the ground surface elevation on the basis of the ground elevation where the building is lifted;
step S3: the urban surface rainwater catchment area is divided according to the principle of layer-by-layer refinement from large to small by combining the influence of terrains, roads, buildings and various manual drainage facilities on the urban converging process;
step S4: based on the analysis of the surface and underground pipe network water flow process, a surface and underground pipe network water flow exchange coupling method is provided, and the surface runoff process and the underground pipe network water flow conveying process are modeled to construct an urban waterlogging model.
In this example, a typical waterlogging-prone area (about 447031m in area) was used 2 ) The rainwater pipe network data, the rainfall and ponding data, the building data, the digital elevation Data (DEM), the road network data and the like. The area is a core urban area of the city, the building area is large, the surface hardening rate is relatively high, and the microscopic drainage process of the surface building has an important influence on the waterlogging process.
The specific implementation steps of this embodiment are shown in fig. 2:
step S1: firstly, deeply analyzing a hydrologic process of a building roof, treating a rain inlet and a drainage pipe network of the building roof, and constructing a three-dimensional water collecting network based on a drainage facility of the building, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps of:
step S11: generalizing a rain inlet of a roof of a building into a real rain grate, carrying out attribute assignment and determining a rain point coordinate corresponding to the rain inlet;
step S12: and assigning attributes such as a rainwater pipe point number, a pipe point burial depth, a pipe point elevation value and the like of the generalized rainwater point. Setting the burial depth of the pipe point to 0, and setting the elevation value of the pipe point to be the sum of the elevation value of the ground corresponding to the gully and the elevation of the building;
step S13: connecting a rainwater point formed by generalizing a roof rainwater inlet of a building with a nearest rainwater point around the building, and establishing a communication relation between a building water collecting network and a city rainwater pipe network;
step S14: by carrying out actual investigation and collection on the drainage pipe network, the attributes such as the pipe section name, the pipe section starting point, the pipe section ending point, the pipe section starting point burial depth, the pipe section ending point burial depth, the pipe diameter and the like of the rainwater pipe network are assigned, so that a three-dimensional water collecting network of the building, which is consistent with reality, is formed, as shown in fig. 3 and 4.
Step S2: the method is characterized by analyzing the three-dimensional space structural characteristics of a building, and taking the further correction of the elevation of the ground surface of the roof wall into consideration on the basis of the elevation of the ground surface where the building is lifted, and comprises the following specific steps:
step S21: aligning the building edges with grid cell boundaries so that the roof elevation can accurately describe the location of the building;
step S22: converting the building surface elements into raster data with the same resolution, and generalizing the building height into raster height;
step S23: superposing the height of the grid corresponding to the building on the original DEM, thereby completing the fusion of the DEM and the building information;
step S24: because the short wall is usually built around the building roof, the grid elevation value corresponding to the building boundary is acquired for correction, so that the building boundary elevation value meets the actual building roof boundary condition.
Step S3: the urban surface rainwater catchment area is divided according to the principle of layer-by-layer refinement from large to small by combining the influence of terrains, roads, buildings and various artificial drainage facilities on the urban converging process, and the method comprises the following specific steps of:
step S31: carrying out flow direction extraction, pseudo-depression filling, confluence accumulation amount calculation, natural water system extraction and water collecting region generation operation on DEM data of a region to be divided to obtain a water collecting region based on topography division;
step S32: automatically extracting the central line of a main road of a road and the contour line of a building, and further dividing the existing catchment area;
step S33: screening out sub-catchment surface elements containing pipe points with the number of pipe points being more than 1 based on the sub-catchment areas, and dividing Thiessen polygons based on the pipe points in the catchment areas;
step S34: and (3) according to the three-dimensional water collecting network of the building constructed in the step (S1), taking the rain water inlet of the roof of the building as a rain water point, and dividing the sub water collecting units of the building based on the generalized rain water point of the rain water inlet.
Step S4: based on the analysis of the surface and underground pipe network water flow process, a surface and underground pipe network water flow exchange coupling method is provided, the surface runoff process and the underground pipe network water flow conveying process are modeled, and an urban waterlogging model is constructed, and the specific implementation steps are as shown in fig. 5:
step S41: by extracting the row and column numbers of the DEM grids, the coordinate value (x) of the corresponding grid is judged and calculated 1 ，y 1 )；
Step S42: extracting coordinate value (x) of underground pipe point 2 ，y 2 ) Traversing the DEM grids of the research area according to the coordinates, finding grids with rain water pipe points, and determining a corresponding relation;
step S43: calculating the water head corresponding to each pipe network node by using a one-dimensional underground pipe network model, wherein the water head minus the pipe point elevation is the water depth H corresponding to the rainwater pipe point 1D . Finding grids corresponding to the surface DEM through the coordinates of the rainwater pipe points, and calculating the water depth H on the corresponding DEM grids by using a two-dimensional surface flooding model 2D ；
Step S44: judging whether or not the condition Z is satisfied 2D ≤H 1D ≤H 2D (Z 2D The ground surface elevation), if yes, selecting an orifice outflow formula to calculate the exchange flow, otherwise, entering step S45; wherein the orifice outflow formula is as followsThe following steps:
Figure BDA0003545436110000091
wherein q v Indicating flow, C q The flow coefficient is expressed, A is expressed as the orifice cross-sectional area, g is expressed as the gravitational acceleration, and H1-H2 is expressed as the water head.
Step S45: judging whether the grid elevation value of the DEM unit where the pipe point is located is smaller than the corresponding elevation values of all surrounding DEM grid units (namely, the current rainwater completely covers the rainwater well), if so, calculating the exchange flow by using an orifice outflow formula, otherwise, entering step S46;
step S46: and selecting a weir flow formula to calculate the exchange flow, wherein the weir flow formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003545436110000101
wherein Q represents flow, m represents flow coefficient, B represents overflow width, g represents gravitational acceleration, H 0 Indicating the total head on the weir.
Step S47: selecting a Horton model to calculate the infiltration amount, simulating the surface runoff by using a nonlinear reservoir model, and solving a parallel Riemannning formula and a continuous equation by inputting parameters such as the area, the width and the gradient of a sub-catchment area, the surface Manning coefficient, the stagnant accumulation amount and the like, so as to finish the modeling of the surface runoff process; wherein the Horton model empirical formula is as follows:
f P ＝f ∞ +(f 0 -f ∞ )e -αt
wherein f p Is the infiltration rate (m) 2 /h)，f ∞ To stabilize the hypotonic rate (m 2 /h)，f 0 For the initial hypotonic rate (m 2 And/h), t is rainfall duration, and alpha is attenuation index.
Wherein the continuous equation is as follows:
Figure BDA0003545436110000102
where d is the water depth and v=a×d is the surface area water quantity (m 3 ) A is the surface area of the drainage area (m 2 ) I is net rain, Q is outflow (m 2 /s)。
Wherein, the Manning equation is as follows:
Figure BDA0003545436110000103
wherein S is the width of the sub-basin, n is the Manning coefficient, W is the overflow width (m) of the sub-basin, d p Is the water storage depth (m) of the earth surface stagnation.
Step S48: based on the above-mentioned surface confluence simulation prediction, the water flow outlet of the appointed place is combined with the dynamic wave water flow calculation method to solve the one-dimensional Save Vigna equation, the flow velocity and water depth in the pipeline are calculated, and the storage unit concept on the grid is utilized to simulate the water flow conveying process of the underground pipe network. Wherein the san-valan equation consists of a momentum equation and a continuity equation of a one-dimensional all-shallow water equation:
Figure BDA0003545436110000111
Figure BDA0003545436110000112
wherein Q is x Is the volume flow in the x Cartesian direction, A is the cross-sectional area of water flow, h is the depth of water, z is the high level, g is the gravity, n is the friction coefficient of Manning, R is the hydraulic radius, t is the time, and x is the distance in the x Cartesian direction.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention. The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

Claims (3)

1. The urban waterlogging modeling method considering the microscopic hydrologic process of the building is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: firstly, analyzing the hydrologic process of a building roof, and aiming at a rainwater inlet and a drainage pipe network of the building roof, constructing a three-dimensional water collecting network based on drainage facilities of the building;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
step S11: generalizing a rain inlet of a roof of a building into a real rain grate, carrying out attribute assignment and determining a rain point coordinate corresponding to the rain inlet;
step S12: assigning attributes of a rainwater pipe point number, a pipe point burial depth and a pipe point elevation value of the generalized rainwater point; setting the burial depth of the pipe point to 0, and setting the elevation value of the pipe point to be the sum of the elevation value of the ground corresponding to the gully and the elevation of the building;
step S13: connecting a rainwater point formed by generalizing a roof rainwater inlet of a building with a nearest rainwater point around the building, and establishing a communication relation between a building water collecting network and a city rainwater pipe network;
step S14: the method comprises the steps of carrying out actual investigation and collection on a drainage pipe network, and assigning values to pipe section names, pipe section starting points, pipe section ending points, pipe section starting point burial depths, pipe section ending point burial depths and pipe diameter attributes of a rainwater pipe network to form a three-dimensional water collecting network of a building, wherein the three-dimensional water collecting network corresponds to reality;
step S2: analyzing the three-dimensional space structural characteristics of the building, and taking the roof short wall into consideration to further correct the ground surface elevation on the basis of the ground elevation where the building is lifted;
step S3: the urban surface rainwater catchment area is divided according to the principle of layer-by-layer refinement from large to small by combining the influence of terrains, roads, buildings and various manual drainage facilities on the urban converging process;
step S4: based on the analysis of the surface and underground pipe network water flow process, a surface and underground pipe network water flow exchange coupling method is provided, and the surface runoff process and the underground pipe network water flow conveying process are modeled to construct an urban waterlogging model;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
step S41: by extracting the row and column numbers of the DEM grids, the coordinate value (x) of the corresponding grid is judged and calculated 1 ,y 1 )；
Step S42: extracting coordinate value (x) of underground pipe point 2 ,y 2 ) Traversing the DEM grids of the research area according to the coordinates, finding grids with rain water pipe points, and determining a corresponding relation;
step S43: calculating the water head corresponding to each pipe network node by using a one-dimensional underground pipe network model, wherein the water head minus the pipe point elevation is the water depth H corresponding to the rainwater pipe point 1D The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Finding grids corresponding to the surface DEM through the coordinates of the rainwater pipe points, and calculating the water depth H on the corresponding DEM grids by using a two-dimensional surface flooding model 2D ；
Step S44: judging whether or not the condition Z is satisfied 2D ≤H 1D ≤H 2D ，Z 2D Is the surface elevation; if yes, selecting an orifice outflow formula to calculate the exchange flow, otherwise, entering step S45; wherein the orifice outflow formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0004219151520000021
wherein q v Indicating flow, C q The flow coefficient is represented by A, the orifice cross-sectional area is represented by A, the gravity acceleration is represented by g, and the water level difference is represented by H1-H2;
step S45: judging whether the grid elevation value of the DEM unit where the pipe point is located is smaller than the elevation values corresponding to all surrounding DEM grid units, namely, completely covering a rainwater well by current rainwater, if so, calculating the exchange flow by using an orifice outflow formula, otherwise, entering step S46;
step S46: and selecting a weir flow formula to calculate the exchange flow, wherein the weir flow formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0004219151520000022
wherein Q represents flow, m represents flow coefficient, B represents overflow width, g represents gravitational acceleration, H 0 Representing the total head on the weir;
step S47: selecting a Horton model to calculate the infiltration amount, simulating the surface runoff by using a nonlinear reservoir model, and solving a parallel Riemannning formula and a continuous equation by inputting parameters such as the area, the width and the gradient of a sub-catchment area, the surface Manning coefficient, the stagnant accumulation amount and the like, so as to finish the modeling of the surface runoff process; wherein the Horton model empirical formula is as follows:
f P ＝f ∞ +(f 0 -f ∞ )e -αt
wherein f p Is the infiltration rate (m) 2 /h)，f ∞ To stabilize the hypotonic rate (m 2 /h)，f 0 For the initial hypotonic rate (m 2 H), t is rainfall duration, and alpha is attenuation index;
wherein the continuous equation is as follows:
Figure FDA0004219151520000023
where d is the water depth and v=a×d is the surface area water quantity (m 3 ) A is the surface area of the drainage area (m 2 ),i * For water purification, Q is the outflow (m 2 /s)；
Wherein, the Manning equation is as follows:
Figure FDA0004219151520000024
wherein S is the width of the sub-basin, n is the Manning coefficient, W is the overflow width (m) of the sub-basin, d p Is the water storage depth (m) of the earth surface stagnation;
step S48: solving a one-dimensional Save Vigna equation based on the drainage outflow port of the appointed place obtained by the surface confluence simulation prediction in combination with a dynamic wave water flow calculation method to calculate the flow velocity and the water depth in a pipeline, and simulating the water flow conveying process of the underground pipe network by utilizing the concept of a storage unit on a grid; wherein the san-valan equation consists of a momentum equation and a continuity equation of a one-dimensional all-shallow water equation:
Figure FDA0004219151520000031
Figure FDA0004219151520000032
wherein Q is x Is the volume flow in the x Cartesian direction, A is the cross-sectional area of water flow, h is the depth of water, z is the high level, g is the gravity, n is the friction coefficient of Manning, R is the hydraulic radius, t is the time, and x is the distance in the x Cartesian direction.
2. The urban inland inundation modeling method considering the microscopic hydrologic process of a building according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S2 further comprises the following steps:
s21: aligning the building edges with grid cell boundaries so that the roof elevation can accurately describe the location of the building;
s22: converting the building surface elements into raster data with the same resolution, and generalizing the building height into raster height;
s23: superposing the height of the grid corresponding to the building on the original DEM, thereby completing the fusion of the DEM and the building information;
s24: because the short wall is usually built around the building roof, the grid elevation value corresponding to the building boundary is acquired for correction, so that the building boundary elevation value meets the actual building roof boundary condition.
3. The urban inland inundation modeling method considering the microscopic hydrologic process of a building according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S3 comprises the following steps:
step S31: carrying out flow direction extraction, pseudo-depression filling, confluence accumulation amount calculation, natural water system extraction and water collecting region generation operation on DEM data of a region to be divided to obtain a water collecting region based on topography division;
step S32: automatically extracting the central line of a main road of a road and the contour line of a building, and further dividing the existing catchment area;
step S33: screening out sub-catchment surface elements containing pipe points with the number of pipe points being more than 1 based on the sub-catchment areas, and dividing Thiessen polygons based on the pipe points in the catchment areas;
step S34: and (3) according to the three-dimensional water collecting network of the building constructed in the step (S1), taking the rain water inlet of the roof of the building as a rain water point, and dividing the sub water collecting units of the building based on the generalized rain water point of the rain water inlet.
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