CN107711028A - One kind suspension slot type substrate culture system and method - Google Patents
One kind suspension slot type substrate culture system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107711028A CN107711028A CN201711091187.0A CN201711091187A CN107711028A CN 107711028 A CN107711028 A CN 107711028A CN 201711091187 A CN201711091187 A CN 201711091187A CN 107711028 A CN107711028 A CN 107711028A
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- type substrate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/246—Air-conditioning systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses one kind to hang slot type substrate culture system and method, including liquid manure integrated device, several hanging cultivation grooves and the cultivation matrix being placed in hanging cultivation groove；Wherein each hanging cultivation groove includes：A pair of stand type support and a pair of transverse support bars, the both ends of transverse support bar are fixed with corresponding stand type support respectively；Arc planting groove, two relative sides of arc planting groove connect with corresponding transverse support bar respectively, and cell body is in the Asperity model shape that depressed part and lug boss are interspersed；Water-fertilizer integral device includes nutrient solution liquid storing barrel, water pump, filter, nutrition pipeline and the drip irrigation pipe being sequentially connected.Cultivation matrix is placed in hanging cultivation groove, embedding electricity heating line in cultivation matrix, Planting Crops in cultivation matrix, drip irrigation pipe is placed in cultivation matrix top surface；) in the production estimation cycle, nutrient solution in liquid storing barrel by water pump, nutrition pipeline and drip irrigation pipe at regular time and quantity drip irrigation into cultivation matrix.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cultivation technique without soil field, and in particular to a kind of suspension type substrate culture system and technique.
Background technology
Soilless culture (soilless culture) is not have to natural soil, is cultivated with other materials and substitutes natural soil training
The method for supporting plant, including the training of water planting, mist (gas), matrix training.In 19th century, W. Ke Nuopu etc. have invented this method.To 20
This technology is started the thirties in century to be applied in agricultural production.In the further improved technology of 21st century people so that
Soilless culture grows up.
The nutrient solution manually prepared in soilless culture, supplies the needs of plant and mineral nutrition, soilless culture be it is a kind of not
Nutrition is provided using the nutrient solution containing growth and development of plants indispensable element with natural soil, plant is normally completed entirely
The cultivation technique of life cycle.In cultivation technique without soil, a kind of eurythmy, the suitable nutrition of concentration can be provided for plant
Liquid, whether find suitable matrix, whether have suitable cultivating device, and corresponding warm light liquid manure gas management method is all system
About cultivate whether successful factor.
Existing in general cultivation bed, which is substantially, uses circular or square metal tube as cell body backing material, with metallic plate,
Plastic plate, non-woven fabrics or woven cloth are that material forms cell body material, and connection installation method between the two is complex.Cell body material
The ventilating permeable of material is poor, and cultivation matrix lacks the clear and definite physical and chemical index of science, and nutrient solution nutrient composition cost performance needs to be carried
Height, the controllability and practicality of water-fertilizer integral device are inadequate, the heating apparatus of cultivation matrix or are configured without or more multiple
It is miscellaneous.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of suspension slot type substrate culture system and technique, and cultivation slot structure is simple and direct rationally, installation is simple
Convenient, connection is light and handy firm, and appearance looks elegant is clean and tidy, and cultivation system is scientific and reasonable, effectively improves the yield of raise crop.
One kind suspension slot type substrate culture system, including liquid manure integrated device, the assembling of some single hanging cultivation grooves and
Into culture apparatus and the cultivation matrix that is placed in hanging cultivation groove；
Wherein single hanging cultivation groove includes：
A pair of stand type support and a pair of the transverse support bars for being parallel to each other and being located in the same horizontal plane, transverse support bar
Both ends are fixed with corresponding stand type support respectively, and the transverse support bar is hollow tube and bottom is provided with axially extending along hollow tube
Opening；
And arc planting groove, two relative sides of arc planting groove connect with the opening of corresponding transverse support bar respectively
Connect, the cell body of the arc planting groove is in the Asperity model shape that depressed part and lug boss are interspersed, depressed part bottom open up it is ventilative/
Osculum；
Water-fertilizer integral device includes nutrient solution liquid storing barrel, water pump, filter, nutrition pipeline and the drop being sequentially connected
Pipe is filled, the drip irrigation pipe is distributed at the top of the cultivation matrix in arc planting groove.
The cell body of cultivation bed of the present invention is Asperity model, and the depressed part and lug boss of Asperity model are interspersed, depressed part bottom
Perforate, for draining and breathe freely.In the opening that cell body can be by forming concavo-convex plastic tab insertion transverse support bar through hot pressing,
Bend to semi-circular groove to form, Asperity model is as mulch container；Stand type support uses metal stand type support, and transverse support bar uses
Metal tube.
Preferably, the depressed part and lug boss are uniformly distributed and overlapped.
Preferably, the width of the opening is less than the thickness in the depressions or protrusions portion of cell body.Can be directly by Asperity model
Plugged and fixed, it is not necessary to extra fixed, simple and fast.
Further, the thickness in the depressions or protrusions portion is 2~5cm, and the maximum in the depressions or protrusions portion is opened
Bore at mouthful is 1.5~3cm.
Preferably, the end of the transverse support bar is provided with the connection sheet for transversely supporting rod axis extension, the connection
Opened up on piece for bolted through hole.
Connection sheet is used to connect adjacent cultivation bed, facilitates the assembling of cultivation bed, in the non-end head of first cultivation bed
One connection sheet is installed, inserts in the transverse support bar of next cultivation bed, is fixed with bolt, is located at last tail during concatenation
Groove can not set connection sheet.
Preferably, it is detachably connected between the transverse support bar both ends and corresponding stand type support.
Further, the corresponding position of the transverse support bar and stand type support opens up aperture, is connected by fastening bolt
Connect.It is easy to the assembling of each part of single cultivation bed, is assembled into different forms as needed during field cultivation, such as can assemble
One layer, bilayer can also be assembled into.
Preferably, the water-fertilizer integral device also includes the cyclelog for controlling the water pump.Realize according to difference
Crop demand sprays at regular time and quantity, by taking strawberry cultivating as an example, is applied at interval of 4~6 hours intervals and fills the body fluid of liquid manure one, every time
Apply and fill the time as 15~30 minutes, water content of substrate is increased 15-20%.
Preferably, the cultivation matrix embedded set electric warming device.Electric warming device is to use to add by conduction of metal wire
Adiabator, the line style electricity heating line that ageing-resistant and temperature resistant plastic is insulating materials composition, in the energized state, metal wire produces
40-50 DEG C of temperature, electricity heating line periphery object is heated.The operating power 800- of conventional electrofarming heating wire
1000w, electricity heating line length 100-120m, line footpath about 3mm (contain plastic insulating layer).Cultivated in use, electricity heating line is embedded to
The root growth position of matrix, depth about 5cm.After energization, electricity heating line produces heat, is transmitted in cultivation matrix, to crop
Root system position is heated.General heating can increase by 5 DEG C or so than the substrate temperature not heated.
Preferably, at interval of 10~15cm perforates, tapping is provided for release and irrigates hydraulic pressure at the top of the drip irrigation pipe
The water dropper being made up of curved elongated runner of power.Drip irrigation pipe is directly placed at stromal surface.
Preferably, the stand type support is ladder frame.
Water-fertilizer integral device is by liquid receiver, water pump, irrigation procedure controller, filter, liquid-transport pipe-line, drip irrigation pipe and each
The parts such as kind connector form.Liquid receiver is the container for storing irrigation water and nutrient solution, using Plastic Drum, metal drum or water
Mud liquid storage tank, its volume size are set according to cultivated area size.Water pumpPressure is provided for the conveying of irrigation water or nutrient solution, one
As operating pressure in 1-2kg/m2.Irrigation procedure controller is by water content of substrate sensor, cyclelog, appliance controller group
Into according to the induced signal of water content of substrate sensor, manipulation water pump opens and closes work automatically at regular time and quantity.Cyclelog is adopted
Realized, can be customized to producer with prior art.Filter plays impurity in filtering irrigation water or nutrient solution, prevents water-supply-pipe
Road and drip irrigation blockage.Liquid-transport pipe-line is the transfer passage of irrigation water or nutrient solution.Drip irrigation pipe is going out for irrigation water or nutrient solution
Water installations.Various connectors are the connection of aqueduct, turn, reducing, close the effect such as open.Its workflow is " reservoir
Bucket --- water pump --- filter --- liquid-transport pipe-line --- drip irrigation pipe ", water pump is controlled by irrigation procedure controller.
Water-fertilizer integral device can realize the accurate liquid manure supply of " the fixed side's (formula) of fixed fertilizer at regular time and quantity "：Pass through specific appearance
Long-pending fertilising container carries out with fertilizer, precisely allocating the quantizating index such as the quantity of nutrient solution, concentration, nutrient formula, pH, Ec；Pass through
Water pump provides stable pressure for nutrient solution conveying；By infusion pipeline system, nutrient input is sent to each of implant system
Position；By drip irrigation system, nutrient solution is accurately transported to crop root base portion；By different valvings, to plantation
The nutrient input at each position of system is sent into row and controlled respectively；Water pump is controlled to apply filling at regular time and quantity by irrigation procedure controller.
The hanging cultivation groove of the present invention support of " ladder type " metal stand type support and fixed lateral support bar, with horizontal branch
The specific attachment means of strut end, single cultivation bed is connected into the strip cultivation bed of random length；Laterally propped up at two
Concavo-convex plastic tab is hung between strut；Concavo-convex plastic tab bends to semi-circular container, forms semicircle cultivation bed；
Matrix is placed in semicircle cultivation bed；The long-term cropping in matrix.
The hanging cultivation groove of the present invention, will be concavo-convex using the transverse support bar of special shape and size as backing material
For plastic tab out of, transverse support bar port insertion opening, the opening of transverse support bar blocks concavo-convex plastic tab can not
Skid off, play insertion conveniently, hang firm good result.The A/F of transverse support bar is specific, and A/F is small
In the concavo-convex body thickness of plastic tab.During installation, concavo-convex plastic tab is out of cross-brace boom end insertion groove.In insertion groove
Concavo-convex plastic tab be securely suspended in transverse support bar, will not glide and drop out the opening of transverse support bar, Ke Yifang
Just concavo-convex plastic tab is inserted or removed from transverse support bar termination.With two transverse support bars fix one it is concavo-convex
Plastic tab, plastic tab is set to be bent to form semicircle cultivation bed.Transverse support bar, which plays, blocks concavo-convex plastic tab and branch
The dual-use function of the fixed cultivation bed of support, turn into the cultivation bed of agriculture hydroponics.
The transverse support bar structure of the C-shaped groove in section as cell body backing material, using concavo-convex plastic tab as cell body material
The cultivation slot structure that material and backing material and the distinctive connected mode of plastic tab are formed is specific to the present invention, this
Kind structure can directly insert the concavo-convex plastic tab of strip at transverse support bar termination openings, rely on plastic tab
Concavo-convex raised body, plastic tab suspension is fixed in transverse support bar.
Connected between cultivation bed and cultivation bed using connection sheet, connection method simplicity is ingenious, with short time several seconds with regard to energy
The connection or dismounting between two cell bodies are completed, assembling and dissembling process is very efficient.Cell body material is concavo-convex plastic tab, is had thereon
The intensive aperture with drainage ventilation function, can breathe freely water flowing, highly beneficial to crop root growth, be a kind of special
Crop root system growing container.
In addition to These characteristics, hanging cultivation groove of the invention also has following features in use：
(1) structure of the invention is simply light and handy.Using building block system mounting means, it is not necessary to specialty installation technical ability, Yong Huke
DIY autonomous types are installed, and simple installation is quick；
(2) the cell body material of concavo-convex plastic tab composition, surface is concavo-convex and has blow vent, can increase matrix in groove
Aeration and drainage, be advantageous to crop root growth needs, concavo-convex plastic tab have preferable mechanical strength, compared with
High bearing capacity and the service life up to the several years；
(3) tailored appearance is attractive in appearance.
The present invention also provides a kind of suspension slot type substrate culture method, using the suspension slot type substrate culture system, bag
Include following steps：
(1) cultivation matrix is placed in hanging cultivation groove, embedding electricity heating line in cultivation matrix, planted on cultivation matrix
Crops, drip irrigation pipe are placed in cultivation matrix top surface；
(2) in the production estimation cycle, the nutrient solution in liquid storing barrel is by water pump, nutrition pipeline and drip irrigation pipe in program
Under the control of control timer, fixed side's (formula) drip irrigation of fixed fertilizer is into cultivation matrix at regular time and quantity.
Preferably, the crops are the herbaceous crops such as strawberry, melon and fruit or vegetables.
Cultivation matrix uses organic and inorganic two kinds of raw material, and different additive and conditioner, passes through different material
The formula of species different ratio difference physical specification, is precisely configured, reaches high-quality physical and chemical character, is plant growth
Basic nutrient is provided, the needs of meeting crop root growth and absorb nutrient.
The design of cultivation matrix will enter as follows：
Physical element：Aeration porosity ＞ 23%, water-holding porosity ＞ 55%, drip irrigation expand hydrosphere radius ＞ 100mm；
Tincture：Acid-base value (pH) 5.5-6.5, electrical conductivity (Ec)：0.45–1.2mS/cm.
Preferably, the cultivation matrix has the following raw material to prepare according to a conventional method：
The raw material of the matrix is convenient source, can pass through acquisition purchased in market.
Further, prepared by the following raw material：
Most preferably, prepared by the following raw material：
It is as shown in table 1 to survey matrix physics and chemistry result：
Table 1
The cultivation matrix is applied to the plantation of the herbaceous crops such as strawberry, melon and fruit or vegetables, the cultivation for the strawberry that is particularly suitable for use in.
Conventional strawberry production is based on soil cultivation, and the whole furrow workload of fertilising lid mulch film trench digging is more, bending over property planting tube
Reason and harvesting etc. field labour is heavy, field humidity is larger, soil disease it is more difficult control, water and fertilizer management it is more extensive, yield carries
It is high more difficult；The development need for the novel agricultural service trades such as harvesting of going sightseeing also is not suitable with simultaneously.Substrate culture system of the present invention
Above-mentioned problem is relatively well made up：First, strawberry cultivating matrix and the standardization level of liquid manure supply have largely
Improve；Second, reducing bending over property labor intensity, production comfortableness is improved；Third, water and fertilizer management, field humidity and soil disease control
Effect processed can increase；Fourth, compared with conventional soil cultivation, whole furrow workload of fertilising lid mulch film ditching is reduced；Fifth, yield
It can be increased with quality；Sixth, adapt to the agriculture development need of harvesting of going sightseeing；Seventh, by Extension Services, can obtain necessarily
Input-output efficiency.
Different demands of the cultivating nutrient solution according to the different growth phases of Different Crop to nutrient, and different cultivation bases
Matter formula, science formulate nutrient formula.Nutrient includes a great number of elements (N, P, K), moderate-element (Ca, Mg, S), trace element
(Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, B, CI etc.), and there is specific content to match；And the chemical index such as suitable pH, Ec value, it is fully full
Demand of the sufficient plant growth to nutrient.
By taking strawberry cultivating as an example, strawberry breeding time is up to 9 months (September to May next year then), strawberry it is manurial-philous but intolerant to
Fertilizer, and different growing is different to the demand of nutrient.In general, the concentration of different elements is as follows in nutrient solution:N 105ppm
(N-NH4+ 7ppm, N-NO3- 98ppm), P 15ppm, K 117ppm, Ca 40ppm, Mg 12ppm, S 16ppm, Fe
2.1ppm, Mn 0.26ppm, Cu 0.01ppm, Zn 0.02ppm, B 0.2ppm, Mo 0.004ppm.
Control relatively low nutrient solution concentration before flowering, can so reduce the generation of malformed fruit, Post flowering due to blooming,
As a result consumption nutrient is more, and should have additional nutrients liquid concentration, to prevent plant strain growth gesture from weakening and early ageing, reduces yield, influences product
Matter.Strawberry is colonized initial stage, 2 weeks to epiphragma, epiphragma to the nutrient solution concentration bloomed, later different growing of blooming uses is respectively
0.4、0.8-1.6、1.2-1.8、1.6-2.4mS/cm.Nutrient solution optimum pH is 5.5-6.5.If the pH of nutrient solution exceedes
Most suitable scope, it can be adjusted with diluted acid or dilute alkaline soln.Solution temperature controls about 20 DEG C.
The present invention selects suitable cultivation matrix according to Different Crop or different way to manages；During plant growth, root
According to Different Crop or different cultivation matrixes, suitable moisture, nutrient supply scheme are selected, realizes " the fixed side of fixed fertilizer at regular time and quantity
The accurate liquid manure supply of (formula) ", ensures general requirement of the plant growth to rich water；Illumination, temperature, humidity, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control,
The control of the ambient growth factors such as plant strain growth regulation.
Foregoing matrix formulations and nutrient solution prescription are combined with the cultivation system of the present invention, the cultivation for strawberry
Training, can make the average product of strawberry increase by 10%.
By taking strawberry cultivating as an example, supporting Managed Solution is as follows：
1. field planting：Temperature is colonized at 15-25 DEG C, line-spacing 20-25cm, spacing in the rows 15-20cm.
2. temperature：After field planting, day temperature is no more than 25 DEG C, and night is kept for 10-15 DEG C, and nutrient solution liquid temperature is preferably maintained at 18
~22 DEG C or so, Rhizosphere temperature is maintained at more than 15 DEG C.
3. illumination：The daily duration of day is extended to 15~16 hours by lighting mode, while ensures minimum night temperature 5-6
℃。
It is stored in after the mixtures such as water, fertilizer, nutrient solution in liquid storing barrel, water-fertilizer integral device match somebody with somebody and applied, liquid manure of the invention
Integrated apparatus is accomplished " four is fixed "：Regularly, quantitative, fixed side, fixed fertilizer.
Timing is completed by timer, the interval time that setting liquid manure is applied；The quantitatively volume by liquid storing barrel and timing
Device, which sets to match somebody with somebody every time, applies the time；Fixed side and fixed fertilizer pass through human configuration Cheng Shui by requirement of the different plantation period crops to nutrient
The nutrient liquid of fertile one, is placed in liquid storing barrel.
By taking strawberry cultivating as an example, nutrient solution applied filling once at interval of 4~12 hours intervals, applies fill the time as 15~30 every time
Minute.Water content of substrate increases 15-20%.
Nutrient solution partitioning control valve can also be set in liquid manure integrated device, and a control valve controls a piece of growing area
Domain, carry out modularization zonal control management.
The cultural method of the present invention is placed in conventional glasshouse or even progress in a vinyl house.The cultivation side of the present invention
In method, hanging cultivation groove：Plantation substrate is placed in groove, specific crops are planted in matrix；Water-fertilizer integral fills
Put：For the device of nutrient solution to be provided during plantation to plant growth；Plantation substrate：Specific match somebody with somebody using through what is determined
, there is specific physicochemical character side, provides support for crop root growth and carries out the medium of fertile water_air exchange；Using special formulation
The nutrient solution of cultivation：By water-fertilizer integral device, during plant growth for plant growth provide needed for nutrient；Configuration electricity adds
Warm device, certain temperature is provided for matrix and crop root in cool period；Supporting growth management technology：It is in plant growth
Period, by scientific and reasonable cultivation management technology, the growth management such as regulation moisture, nutrition, temperature, humidity, illumination, ventilation because
Son, it is ensured that crop normal growth.By production containers device (hanging cultivation groove), water-fertilizer integral device, heating apparatus, cultivation
Matrix, nutrient solution, each several part of corresponding cultivation administrative skill composition complement each other, and form complete substrate culture production system
System, collectively promotes crop production, improves the comprehensive production efficiency of soilless culture.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the planar structure schematic diagram of present invention suspension slot type cultivation system.
Fig. 2 is the stereogram of hanging cultivation groove of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the front view of hanging cultivation groove of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the left view of hanging cultivation groove of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is transverse support bar schematic cross-section of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is cultivation bed concatenation schematic diagram of the present invention (arc planting groove is not shown in figure).
Fig. 7 is liquid manure integrated device schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is that heating apparatus of the present invention sets schematic diagram.
Reference is as follows shown in figure：
1- cultivation bed 2- nutrition pipeline 3- liquid storing barrels
4- crops 5- drip irrigation pipe 6- water pumps
7- timer 8- electricity heating line 9- root systems
11- stand type support 12- transverse support bar 13- arc planting grooves
14- connection sheets 121- opening 131- depressed parts
132- lug bosses.
Embodiment
As shown in figure 1, a kind of suspension slot type cultivation system, including several cultivation beds and water-fertilizer integral device, it is single
Arrange, arranged as shown in Figure 1 in matrix, centre is by channel partition, water-fertilizer integral device on demand after cultivation bed concatenation assembling
Including liquid storing barrel 3, water pump 6, filter (not shown), nutrition pipeline 2 and the drip irrigation pipe 5 being sequentially connected in series, water pump with
Timer 7 connects.
The structural representation of single cultivation bed as shown in Figure 2-5, including stand type support 11, transverse support bar 12 and arc
Planting groove 13, stand type support 11 are a pair of ladder frames, the both ends of a pair of transverse support bars 12 respectively with corresponding stand type support top
Portion connects, and is parallel to each other between a pair of transverse support bars, transverse support bar and the equal perforate in stand type support corresponding position, is connected by bolt
Connect.
Transverse support bar 12 is the hollow tube that is square of section, and transversely support bar axis direction is opened up and continuously opened for bottom
Mouth 121, as shown in figure 5, forming two relative sides of concavo-convex rigid plastics sheet container through hot pressing inserts cross-brace
In the opening of bar, semicircle is bent to, forms the transversely axially extending arc planting groove 3 of support bar, the groove of arc planting groove 3
In the Asperity model of depressed part and lug boss interlaced arrangement, depressed part 131 and lug boss 132 uniformly and are interspersed body, adjacent
Depressions or protrusions overlap between portion, and the bottom of depressed part opens up aperture, for ventilation and draining.
The thickness of depressed part or lug boss is all higher than the A/F of transverse support bar, directly can be realized by Asperity model
The fixation of cell body and transverse support bar, without extra fixed.
The assembling of multiple cultivation beds is to snap connection, can also be in the end set transversely support bar of transverse support bar
Axially extending connection sheet 14, circular hole is opened up in connection sheet,；Connection sheet is penetrated in the transverse support bar of next cultivation bed, is passed through
Bolt is fixed and assembled, and the cultivation bed after concatenation assembling as shown in Figure 6 (arc planting groove is not shown in figure), concatenates assembling
Stern notch need not set connection sheet.
Connected mode between liquid manure integrated device and cultivation bed as shown in fig. 7, comprises several liquid storing barrels 3, water pump 6,
Filter, nutrition pipeline 2 and drip irrigation pipe 5, are sequentially connected with, and drip irrigation pipe is placed in the top surface of matrix in cultivation bed 1, has configured
Nutrient solution is placed in liquid storing barrel, is delivered to by water pump in each drip irrigation pipe, and by drip irrigation pipe drip irrigation into cultivation matrix, cultivation bed cell body is recessed
The perforate for falling into portion bottom is used for draining and ventilation.
For cultivated area, situation, burst area set control valve, the control of drip irrigation burst in a big way, and water pump connects one
Timer 7, drip irrigation interval time and each drip irrigation time are set, convey nutrient solution into cultivation bed at regular time and quantity.
Cultivation matrix is placed in cultivation bed, proportion of crop planting in cultivation matrix, can also in cultivation matrix the center of root system 9
Locate embedding electricity heating pipe 8 (as shown in Figure 8), for being heated to the growing environment of root system 9.
The cultural method of cultivation system of the present invention is as follows：
After cultivation bed, water-fertilizer integral device are completed, cultivation matrix is placed in cultivation bed, farming is planted in matrix
Thing, poured at regular time and quantity by water-fertilizer integral device.
The present invention selects suitable cultivation matrix according to Different Crop or different way to manages；During plant growth, root
According to Different Crop or different cultivation matrixes, suitable moisture, nutrient supply scheme are selected, realizes " the fixed side of fixed fertilizer at regular time and quantity
The accurate liquid manure supply of (formula) ", ensures general requirement of the plant growth to rich water；Illumination, temperature, humidity, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control,
The control of the ambient growth factors such as plant strain growth regulation.It is specifically described below by taking cultivated strawberry as an example：
Matrix formulations：
Nutrient management：
Strawberry breeding time is up to 9 months (September to May next year then), and strawberry is manurial-philous but intolerant to fertilizer, and different growing pair
The demand of nutrient is different.In general, the concentration of different elements is as follows in nutrient solution:N 105ppm(N-NH4+ 7ppm, N-NO3-
98ppm), P 15ppm, K 117ppm, Ca 40ppm, Mg 12ppm, S 16ppm, Fe 2.1ppm, Mn 0.26ppm, Cu
0.01ppm, Zn 0.02ppm, B 0.2ppm, Mo 0.004ppm.
Control relatively low nutrient solution concentration before flowering, can so reduce the generation of malformed fruit, Post flowering due to blooming,
As a result consumption nutrient is more, and should have additional nutrients liquid concentration, to prevent plant strain growth gesture from weakening and early ageing, reduces yield, influences product
Matter.Strawberry is colonized initial stage, 2 weeks to epiphragma, epiphragma to the nutrient solution concentration (Ec values) bloomed, later different growing of blooming uses
Respectively 0.4,0.8-1.6,1.2-1.8,1.6-2.4ms/cm.Nutrient solution optimum pH is 5.5-6.5.If the pH of nutrient solution
Most suitable scope is exceeded, can have been adjusted with diluted acid or dilute alkaline soln.Solution temperature controls about 20 DEG C.
Supporting Managed Solution is as follows：
(1) it is colonized
Strawberry resident time can consider according to residing geographical position, facility condition and supply time.Work as temperature
At 15-25 DEG C, the transplanting survival rate highest of strawberry.General line-spacing 20-25cm, spacing in the rows 15-20cm.During field planting extract old leaf and
The fibrous root of black, promotes new root.The new stem of strawberry is in " bow " shape, and inflorescence carries on the back direction pumping from " bow ".Therefore, during field planting because
New stem " bow " should be carried on the back and transplanted in one direction, made inflorescence pumping direction consistent, be easy to pluck and manage.In addition, grasp kind
Depth is planted, is accomplished " deep do not bury the heart, shallow not crab rooting ", do not become silted up during irrigation the heart.
(2) temperature
After field planting, for day temperature no more than 25 DEG C, night is kept for 10-15 DEG C in facility, beneficial to normally growing
With yield positive results.Higher than 35 DEG C or less than 3 DEG C, it can all influence to bloom, pollinate, malformed fruit easily occurs.Nutrient solution liquid temperature is preferably protected
Hold at 20 DEG C or so, Rhizosphere temperature is maintained at more than 15 DEG C.Matrix is heated using electricity heating method during low temperature, is used in combination
Insulation material parcel cultivation bed increase cell body heat insulating ability, heats amplitude typically than not heating about 5 DEG C of increase, not only improves root system life
It is long, and do not increase power consumption excessively.
(3) illumination
Strawberry enjoys light, but also low light tolerance.Long-day contributes to pollen development, thus under condition license can appropriate light filling, especially
It uses facility high-level cultivating, and often illumination is insufficient for bottom cultivation layer frame.Long-day bar is created using lamp lighting in production
Part and insulation, artificially suppress strawberry and enter resting state, promote vine growth and development.100 watts of incandescent lamp 25-30 of every mu of needs
It is individual, it is ensured that more than the lux of minimal illumination 20.The lighting since at sunset, about illuminate 5-6 hour so that daily sunshine length
Degree extends to 16 hours, while ensures minimum 5-6 DEG C of night temperature.
(4) plant manages
, should be in time from petiole base when strawberry lower blade is horizontal and starts to turn yellow withered in the season of growth
Portion removes, and with sharp ventilation and penetrating light, accelerates plant strain growth, and the propagation of less pathogen.General every plant of strawberry has 3-4 inflorescence,
Each inflorescence has 10-30 flower, and each inflorescence stays fruit 3-5.Dredged early in squaring period and go to high level small bud or strain clump bottom
The weak inflorescence of pumping, nutrient can be saved, increase fruit body, concentrate picking time.
(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
The main disease of strawberry has powdery mildew, anthracnose, gray mold, leaf spot, root rot etc., and Bemisia tabaci, red spider
Spider, aphid, cutworm etc..The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control follows the principle of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", formulates " strawberry common disease and pest
Preventing and treating and nutritional deficiency administer prediction scheme ", preferentially from the green prevention and control measure such as cultural control, physical control, biological control, make if necessary
With the safety pesticide of low toxicity and low residue.
Cultural control
From Resistant kind, disease leaf, old leaf, diseased plant are extractd in time, centrally disposes (hole is packed), carry out field cleaning
Work, reduce germ, insect source；Nurturing staff, strengthen cultivation management, balance fertilizing etc., carry out healthy and strong cultivation, improve plant and resist
Property.Scientific Regulation environment, suitable temperature and humidity is selected, mitigates disease.
Physical control
Using trapping lamp, yellow plate (trapping aphid)/backboard (trapping thrips), gyplure (trapping prodenia litura), fly net,
Insect is walked quickly and kept away in the trappings such as silver gray Double-color film/barrier/.Trap and kill that (50 cms hang yellow plate above strawberry using colour table
Or backboard, 60 pieces every mu)；Trapping lamp trapping (hangs a trapping lamp) per 20-30 mus：(in greenhouse ventilation, leak informaton fly net mouth
Place sets fly net, is preferred with red, prevents the insects such as thrips, aphid move into from endangering strawberry in canopy)；(strawberry is in the ranks for smell repellent
The plants such as green onion, garlic are planted, 10 plants~20 plants is planted every 5 meters~10 meters, utilizes green onion, the smell pest of garlic) etc..
Biological control
Using " controlling worm with worm ", " using predatory mite to control pest mites " technology.Aphid early period of origination uses harmonia axyridia preventing and treating strawberry aphid.Make
Used time, by 200/mu~400/mu harmonia axyridia ovum card is suspended on into strawberry proper site.
13 bottles~20 bottles small new neoseiulus californicus preventing and treating tetranychids of every mu of use.In use, spread fertilizer over the fields when walking on Strawberry Leaves,
The control of every plant of dosage can (or every leaf has the amount of soybean grain size) in the amount of a small soupspoon.Also wheat bran or wood chip can be mixed
After spread fertilizer over the fields.
Facilities environment regulates and controls
Temperature：After greenhouse epiphragma, 30 DEG C or so are maintained at daytime, night is maintained at more than 10 DEG C；Poppyhead sequence Post flowering, in vain
It is maintained at 20 DEG C~25 DEG C, and night is maintained at more than 5 DEG C.
Humidity：By adjusting the switch and size of canopy door and both sides ventilating opening, and take off lid in canopy film it is relatively wet to control
Degree, makes it below 80%.Timely draining ventilation after rain.Peng Neiquan gardens cover, and prevent that ground moisture evaporation increase air is wet
Degree.
Supplement carbon dioxide:When the fine day sun just comes out, carbon dioxide has the call, and should add to 500-
1000ppm, the photosynthesis of Strawberry Leaves is reached maximum, beneficial to coloring, produce high-quality strawberry.
Cleanly production:Cleanly production mode mainly for avoiding fruit by microorganism pollution and furrow ditch moisture evaporation,
Humidity in canopy is reduced, mitigates the full garden soverlay technique that disease occurs and taken in the phase of yielding positive results.Using 1.5 meters wide of unregistered land film
Or Double-color film paving furrow face and ditch, after bearing fruit, furrow ditch floor file cloth, the upper white net of furrow both sides pad.Both wet down is incubated, reduces the hair of disease
It is raw, beautify greenhouse-environment again, be advantageous to strawberry and go sightseeing to pluck.
Water, fertilizer are stored in liquid storing barrel after being compounded into nutrient solution, with water-fertilizer integral device match somebody with somebody and are applied, water of the invention
Fertile integrated apparatus is accomplished " four is fixed "：Regularly, quantitative, fixed side, fixed fertilizer.
It is regularly and quantitative：Completed by watch-dog timer, the artificial interval time designed liquid manure and applied；It is quantitatively logical
Cross the volume of liquid storing barrel and timer is set every time with the time is applied, by water pump and liquid-transport pipe-line, quantitatively convey nutrient solution to grass
In the matrix at certain kind of berries root system position.
Fixed side and fixed fertilizer：Requirement is applied by nutrient solution, the species and concentration of fertilizer is artificially set using, is configured to liquid manure one
The nutrient solution of body, reach the Ec values and pH value of setting, be placed in liquid storing barrel.
Subregion irrigation control valve is also set up in water-fertilizer integral device, a control valve controls a panel region, carries out area
Block irrigation control management.
The specific implementation case of patent of the present invention is the foregoing is only, but the technical characteristic of patent of the present invention is not limited to
This, any those skilled in the relevant art in the field of the invention, all cover in the special of the present invention by the change or modification made
Among sharp scope.
Claims (10)
1. one kind suspension slot type substrate culture system, it is characterised in that planted including liquid manure integrated device, by some single suspension types
The training groove culture apparatus assembled and the cultivation matrix being placed in hanging cultivation groove；Wherein single hanging cultivation groove bag
Include：
A pair of stand type support and a pair of the transverse support bars for being parallel to each other and being located in the same horizontal plane, the both ends of transverse support bar
Fixed respectively with corresponding stand type support, the transverse support bar is hollow tube and bottom is provided with and opened along hollow tube is axially extending
Mouthful；
And arc planting groove, two relative sides of arc planting groove connect with the opening of corresponding transverse support bar respectively, institute
The cell body for stating arc planting groove is in the Asperity model shape that depressed part and lug boss are interspersed, and depressed part bottom opens up ventilative/draining
Hole；
Water-fertilizer integral device includes nutrient solution liquid storing barrel, water pump, filter, nutrition pipeline and the drip irrigation being sequentially connected
Pipe, the drip irrigation pipe are distributed at the top of the cultivation matrix in arc planting groove.
2. slot type substrate culture system is hung according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the depressed part and lug boss are uniform
It is distributed and overlaps.
3. slot type substrate culture system is hung according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the width of the opening is less than cell body
Depressions or protrusions portion thickness.
4. slot type substrate culture system is hung according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the end of the transverse support bar is set
There is the connection sheet for transversely supporting rod axis extension, opened up in the connection sheet for bolted through hole.
5. according to claim 1 hang slot type substrate culture system, it is characterised in that the transverse support bar both ends with it is right
It is detachably connected between the stand type support answered.
6. slot type substrate culture system is hung according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the water-fertilizer integral device also wraps
Include the watch-dog timer for controlling the water pump.
7. slot type substrate culture system is hung according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the cultivation matrix is embedded with electricity
Heating apparatus.
8. one kind suspension slot type substrate culture method, it is characterised in that using suspension slot type substrate culture as claimed in claim 1
System, comprise the following steps：
(1) cultivation matrix is placed in hanging cultivation groove, embedding electricity heating line in cultivation matrix, farming is planted in cultivation matrix
Thing, drip irrigation pipe are placed in cultivation matrix top surface；
(2) in the production estimation cycle, the nutrient solution in liquid storing barrel is by water pump, nutrition pipeline and drip irrigation pipe in programme-control
Under the control of timer, drip irrigation at regular time and quantity is into cultivation matrix.
9. slot type substrate culture method is hung according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the cultivation matrix is by the following raw material
It is made：
10. slot type substrate culture method is hung according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the crops are strawberry, melon and fruit
Or vegetables.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109618906A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-16 | 深圳春沐源控股有限公司 | Culture apparatus and cultivation system |
| CN115053765A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-09-16 | 遂昌远志黄精科技有限公司 | Basket three-dimensional hanging and bagging cultivation method |
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| SU1014537A1 (en) * | 1981-08-20 | 1983-04-30 | Агрофизический научно-исследовательский институт | Device for growing plants in protected ground |
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| CN107711028B (en) | 2019-06-11 |
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