CN107646581A - Underground water limit adopts area's one season corn saving irrigation model implantation methods of lying fallow - Google Patents
Underground water limit adopts area's one season corn saving irrigation model implantation methods of lying fallow Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Underground water limit adopts area's one season corn saving irrigation model implantation methods of lying fallow, and is lain fallow the technical field of corn planting the invention belongs to seasonality, using the leisure of winter wheat season it is no-tillage only plant one season corn cultivation mode, comprise the following steps：A, the determination in sowing time；The accumulated temperature according to needed for temperature after emergence of corn not less than 19 DEG C, corn seeding to emergence is 80 DEG C and Heilongjing River climatic characteristic, and it is June 15 May 20 to determine sowing date；B, sow：Sowed using simple grain program request, 4,800 5200 plants/acre of planting density；C, managing after sowing：Carry out seedling thinning, fill the gaps with seedlings, the preventing and treating of disease pest and weed, irrigated according to soil moisture content.Implantation methods of the present invention meet Lowland plain Climatic, can reduce dependence of the conventional wheat corn bi-annual planting plantation to underground water, alleviate serial ecological environment problem that water grain contradiction and its excessive exploitation of groundwater are brought etc..
Description
Technical field
Lain fallow the technical field of corn planting the invention belongs to seasonality, be related to lie fallow in a season, one season corn planting, tool
Body is related to underground water limit and adopts corn saving irrigation model implantation methods under area of lying fallow.Implantation methods of the present invention meet Lowland plain weather
Background, conventional wheat-dependence of corn bi-annual planting plantation to underground water can be reduced, alleviates water grain contradiction and its excessive exploitation of groundwater
Serial ecological environment problem brought etc..The inventive method does not increase agricultural cost simultaneously, saving of labor, laborsaving, to ensureing grain peace
Complete and agricultural sustainable development is significant.
Background technology
Hebei Plain is Hebei province main food producing region, while is the serious deficient area of water resource.Area's cultivated area is about
63000000 mu, nearly the 71% of the whole province's cultivated area is accounted for, grain yield accounts for the 92% of the whole province, and wherein wheat accounts for the whole province's sown area
Nearly 90%, yield accounts for the 97% of the whole province's wheat yield.Wheat is the main water consumption crop of our province at present, and it irrigates water consumption
The 50% of the whole province's water resources quantity is accounted for, accounts for more than the 70% of agricultural irrigation water.But area's water grain contradiction is sharp, per capita water resource
Only 191m3, mu arable land water resource only 114m3.Earth's surface water shortage, the long-term serious over-extraction of underground water, it is most deep to form North China maximum
Decline of groundwater level " funnel ", and there is surface subsidence, crack and collapse；Seawater invasion and salt water descent；Motor-pumped well, which is scrapped, to be added
It hurry up, the serial ecological problem such as water lift cost increase.Pressure subtracts the big wheat planting of water consumption, changes bi-annual planting to lie fallow only in a season
Plant one season corn can slow down groundwater mining pressure, improve water grain contradictory problems etc..
Hebei province low plain average annual precipitation 450-550mm, rainy season difference is big, and it is left that 6-8 month precipitation accounts for 75%
The right side, year evapotranspiration be up to 1200mm, be the area of North China Plain water shortage most serious.Traditional bi-annual planting anniversary total water consumption is about
800mm (533 sides/mu), wherein wheat water consumption about 420mm, summer corn water consumption about 380mm.And the more average annual rainfalls of low plain are about
510mm, wherein wheat season rainfall 110mm, summer corn season rainfall 400mm, wheat growing season rainfall are kissed with wheat water consumption
Right is only 0.26, and wheat needs water mainly by over-extraction underground deep layer fresh water irrigation to meet.And the growth of corn is exactly in drop
Rain distribution phase, the rainfall of corn season and corn need the water goodness of fit, and up to 0.81, this phase rainfall can meet needed for corn growth substantially
Moisture, therefore the over-extraction that the area two is planted to underground water is mainly caused by wheat growing season is irrigated.The wheat in Ya Jiangai areas
Plantation carry out lie fallow in a season only plant one season corn meet area's Climatic condition.
With the aggravation of area of Hebei low plain water resources crisis, taken place frequently plus seasonal drought, by continuing to optimize crop
Structure, adjustment cropping pattern improve the utilization ratio of water resource, and increase farmers' income etc. enjoys scholars to pay close attention to.To the north of
Capital Shunyi District proposes regional structure type water-saving planting system adjusted ＆ optimized strategy, it is believed that rye (Secale as research case
Cereale), early rice (Oryza sativ and rye, cotton (Anemone vitifolia spp.) this new crop combination
More conventional cropping pattern winter wheat-summer maize system two crops a year fixture has preferable WUEL and economic benefit.With river
Ecological-economic assessment has been carried out exemplified by northern Luancheng County to Huang-Huai-Hai plain water-saving planting pattern and has distributed research rationally, it is believed that should
Area is unsustainable, and spring maize one by the farming pattern (winter wheat-summer maize system) supported of huge Ecology cost
Water-saving efficient pattern of the ripe cropping pattern in the following area that can be waned as water resource.North China's spring maize productive potentialities
More than 15000kghm-2, it is believed that the shortening of spring maize one is notable in this area's water-saving result, can save 150mm and be taken out by underground
The irrigation water taken, but yield can only achieve wheat jade two ripe 76.7%.One will also be entered by thinking the corn insufficiency of supply-demand of Science in Future in China
Step expands.Therefore one season of implementation corn with high yield high-efficient planting patterns substitute winter wheat-summer maize system bi-annual planting traditional mode pair
Keep the ecological environment problem in grain security and the improvement area significant.
The content of the invention
For treating groundwater over-extraction, conventional wheat-corn bi-annual planting cropping pattern is changed to the invention provides one kind
The leisure of winter wheat season is no-tillage only plant one season corn high-yield high-efficiency cultivation pattern, implantation methods of the present invention meet Lowland plain
Climatic, conventional wheat-dependence of corn bi-annual planting plantation to underground water can be reduced, with alleviating water grain contradiction and over-extraction
Serial ecological environment problem that lower water is brought etc..
The present invention is to realize that the technical scheme that its purpose uses is：
Underground water limit adopts area's one season corn saving irrigation model implantation methods of lying fallow, and is only planted using the leisure of winter wheat season is no-tillage
One season corn cultivation mode, comprise the following steps：
A, the determination in sowing time；According to temperature after emergence of corn not less than 19 DEG C, corn seeding to emerge needed for accumulated temperature be
80 DEG C and Heilongjing River rainfall climatic characteristic, i.e., the characteristics of corn Xu Shui peaks area matches with rainfall, it is determined that sowing
Date is 20-June 15 May；
B, sow：Sowed using simple grain program request, 4800-5200 plants/acre of planting density；
C, managing after sowing：Carry out seedling thinning, fill the gaps with seedlings, the preventing and treating of disease pest and weed, and irrigated according to soil moisture content.
The preventing and treating of disease pest and weed in step C, including：
1) after planting to before emerging：If field does not have weeds, with 40% isopropyl grass green bristlegrass or 40% second green bristlegrass or 40% fourth
Green bristlegrass was sprayed in after planting 3 days, mu dosage 200g, can effectively prevent new raised weed；If field raw weeds one year, often
Mu sprays 40% isopropyl grass green bristlegrass 200g, 20% paraquat 150g, or every mu sprays 52% isopropyl grass green bristlegrass 150g, 20,%00
The withered 150g of grass；Perennial weeds such as alfa etc. is smeared with glyphosate singling, every mu of 0.5 kilogram of 10% aqua of use；
2) the 3-5 leaves phase：Rough dwarf disease, small brown rice planthopper, controlling underground pest are carried out, with 25% buprofezin 50g/ mus, every 5-7
Once, even spray 2-3 times, prevents small brown rice planthopper from endangering for its spray, while with 800 times of liquid of 40% viral A500 times of liquid or 5.5% ZhiBingLing(SIC)
Sprinkling preventing and treating virosis, it is found that diseased plant is pulled out and removes field in time；If there is subterranean pest-insect with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate
1000-1500 times of liquid irrigating root, or using period poison bait, 75% phoxim 50g, add water 1-1.5kg, with stir-fry wheat bran, cotton
Seedcake is mixed thoroughly, every mu of 2-3kg, in spreading fertilizer over the fields at dusk in seedling base portion；
3) the big mouth phase：Corn borer preventing and treating is carried out, core, mu dosage are filled with 1.5% phoxim or 0.1% time granule
1.5-2kg；Or using high-pressure sodium lamp trapping adult；Or trichogramma releases, every mu of 1-2 ten thousand；
4) the male spinning phase is taken out：Every mu of the standing grain fruit profit pulvis 30g of use 12.5%, 1.8% AVM 15ml, 10% ward off aphid mist
30g, 30kg is watered, sprayed, the preventing and treating leaf blight of corn, helminthosporium maydis, red spider, aphid.
In step C, carrying out irrigation according to soil moisture content is：When soil 0-60cm soil relative water contents are less than 65%
Irrigated, mu duty is in 40-50m3。
In step C, seedling thinning, operation of filling the gaps with seedlings are carried out in the 3-4 leaf phases.
From high yield, resistance, the corn variety that plant type is compact, High planting is strong, purity >=98% of seed, germination percentage
>=90%, cleanliness >=98%, water content≤13%, Cotton seeds are carried out before sowing.
During sowing, applied fertilizer, wherein purity nitrogen 100-120kg/hm2, pure P2O5 120kg/hm2, pure K2O 120kg/
hm2。
Simple grain program request is carried out using deep scarification no-tillage ferti-seeding combination machine, operating speed is no more than 4 kilometers/hour, control
Simple grain program request is than predetermined density increase 200-300 grains, 60cm etc. line-spacing sowing.
Harvested after corn milk heading line off, it is 20-25cm that the height for the stubble left is controlled after harvest, and stalk crushes length and is
20-25cm。
Beneficial effect of the present invention：
Designed the present invention be directed to the region characteristic of Heilongjing River, according to the Temperature Features of Heilongjing River, if
The seasonality for counting out suitable Heilongjing River is lain fallow the determination of corn planting method, especially sowing time, is set different from traditional
Meter, according to temperature after emergence of corn not less than 19 DEG C, corn seeding to emerge needed for accumulated temperature be 80 DEG C the characteristics of, with reference to black dragon
Port basin Temperature Features, it is 20-June 15 May to determine sowing date, and crucial influence factor is black Long Gang streams herein
The rainfall climatic characteristic in domain, along with the measure that seasonality is lain fallow, which dictates that the sowing date design of one's respective area is different from passing
The design of system, the present invention is counted by substantial amounts of experimental data and actual production obtains suitable date of seeding so that emergence of corn
It is healthy and strong afterwards, the raising of Corn Biomass and yield can be promoted through practical proof.
Innovated by the technology of the present invention and improve unit corn yield, per hectare harvest more than 11250kg, more than world ridge
Make the 20-30% of corn specific yield, solve the problems, such as because the farmers' income brought of lying fallow contradicts.
Using high yield, resistance, the superior corn kind that plant type is compact, High planting is strong, purity >=98% of seed, hair
Bud rate >=90%, cleanliness >=98%, water content≤13%；Plant type is compact, is rushed on blade, and stem is tough and tensile, well developed root system, rationally
Dense planting, be advantageous to ventilation and penetrating light, photosynthesis can be improved；Edge advantages and community superiority are given full play to, increase corn yield.
With existing row spacing structure and complete set of farm machines and tools, it is easier to realize and received by peasant.
By corn planting technology of the present invention, fertile culture of maize, enough biological yields are stored for corn, are stalk
Preserve soil moisture the dedusting power of gaining the initiative；Beneficial to farmland soil moisture conservation and Second Year efficient water use, promote high yield and formed, improve Soil-stored water
Amount realizes effectively water saving, more than water-saving amount 70mm.
The present invention crushes the control of length by the height for the stubble left and stalk, has reached effective preventing and treating Wind Erosion in Farmland
Purpose, there is good wind erosion prevention effect, preventing and treating stalk fragment, which blows, to fly to be formed with sand and dust；With choke, snow acts on admittedly.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
First, specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
1st, seed selects
From high yield, resistance, the improved seeds that plant type is compact, High planting is strong, purity >=98% of seed, germination percentage
>=90%, cleanliness >=98%, water content≤13%.
2nd, seed treatment
From the high skilful seed coat agent coating of targetedly strong example, there is preferable preventing and treating to subterranean pest-insect wireworm, grub etc.
Effect, but also can by way of root absorption controlling sucking insects small brown rice planthopper and aphid etc., to prevent the hair of rough dwarf disease
It is raw.
3rd, base manure
Purity nitrogen 100-120kg/hm2, pure P2O5 120kg/hm2, pure K2O 120kg/hm2.Applied together during corn seeding.
4th, sow
Simple grain program request is carried out using deep scarification no-tillage ferti-seeding combination machine, operating speed is no more than 4 kilometers/hour, control
Simple grain program request is than predetermined density increase 200-300 grains, 60cm etc. line-spacing sowing.
5th, date of seeding, is determined：With reference to black imperial port climatic characteristic, it is determined that suitable date of seeding, date of seeding is by substantial amounts of experimental data
What statistics and actual production were got.
12 DEG C of corn seed germination minimum temperature.Seedling stage temperature is advisable with more than 15 DEG C, when temperature is more than 20 DEG C, moisture in the soil
When feelings are good, seedling development is fast.
In line with full stand, Miao Yun, robust seedling target, colony regularity is high during ensureing fertility, from April-May (table 1) temperature
Situation sees, the area -2017 years 2012
(1) determination of date of seeding earliest time：It is respectively May 14 20 DEG C of date that temperature on average is stable, May 10,
May 12, May 21, May 24 and May 16.Temperature is not less than 19 DEG C after ensureing emergence of corn, corn seeding to emergence
Required accumulated temperature is 80 DEG C of calculating, is limited with emergence on May 24th, 2016, sowing time can be scheduled on May 20.I.e. 5 under normal year
The moon 20 was sowed, it is ensured that temperature stabilization is at 19 DEG C after emergence of corn.
The 2012-2017 Hengshui 4-5 month mean daily temperature situations of table 1
(2) determination of date of seeding the latest：
Accumulated temperature and Yield and yield components value during research shows maize growth are in extremely notable positive correlation,
The high-yield corn time of infertility needs minimum 2600 DEG C of accumulated temperature, minimum according to the accumulated temperature in table on June 17th, 2,2015, is less than within 18th
2600℃.In order to realize that stable yields seedling-growing time from the point of view of accumulated temperature can not be later than June 17.Accumulated temperature needed for corn seeding to emergence
For 80 DEG C of calculating, corn seeding can not be later than June 15.
The corn growing season accumulated temperature (DEG C) (Hengshui) of table 2
| Stage | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 |
| May 20 days-September 20 days | 3107.1 | 3193.5 | 3183.6 | 3016.5 | 3059.6 |
| 31-October 1 May | 3134.9 | 3219.3 | 3164.0 | 3056.9 | 3125.2 |
| 10-October 5 June | 2881.3 | 2981.4 | 2913.8 | 2790.5 | 2889.8 |
| 11-October 5 June | 2850.4 | 2950.6 | 2885.2 | 2776.3 | 2865.3 |
| 12-October 5 June | 2832.8 | 2931.5 | 2864.3 | 2748.1 | 2838.9 |
| 13-October 5 June | 2801.4 | 2904.3 | 2839.1 | 2723.4 | 2814.8 |
| 14-October 5 June | 2780.1 | 2882.2 | 2818.2 | 2697.4 | 2783.4 |
| 15-October 5 June | 2753.2 | 2851.7 | 2787.3 | 2673.3 | 2762.5 |
| 16-October 5 June | 2732.3 | 2830.2 | 2760.2 | 2645.6 | 2737.7 |
| 17-October 5 June | 2700.2 | 2801.3 | 2731.1 | 2624.0 | 2714.2 |
| 18-October 5 June | 2680.8 | 2770.0 | 2713.8 | 2599.2 | 2680.5 |
With reference to (1) and (2), the angle of accumulated temperature, suitable sowing date was determined between 20-June 15 May.
(3) the specific sowing time is determined according to soil moisture content：
Into after May 20, if soil moisture content is suitable, it disclosure satisfy that corn safety is emerged, you can sowing.If
Weather arid, it is impossible to meet emergence of corn, rain can be waited to sow.If (0~20cm topsoil soils are relative for soil moisture content deficiency on June 15
Water content, can be in June 15 and its sowing in the past, filling on June 15 cover-head water, irrigation quantity 30-40m less than 55%)3/ mu.
6th, kind density determines：
Research shows that the High planting of different cultivars is different, and not linearly increasing between density and yield, density increases to one
To determine degree yield to tend towards stability, the tree characteristics and fringe character of density increase corn are deteriorated, and the comprehensive resistance of corn can reduce,
The quality of corn kernel is even influenceed, contemporary kind high yield is characterized in that plant type tends to be reasonable, and High planting and comprehensive resistance are good,
Therefore plant type dense-type variety is selected, rational planting density (5000 plants/acre) obtains higher yield, and example steps on sea 605.
7th, specular removal colony is established：
Good from stalk crop, lodging resistance is strong, the good dense-type variety of comprehensive resistance；Seed quality meets the requirements, it is desirable to
Plumpness uniformity, the overall degree of colony can be improved；Improve seeding quality；Progress rational close planting, density 4800-5200 strains,
Uniformly sowing, 60cm sizes line-spacing plantation, it is ensured that colony's ventilation and penetrating light rate is good, reduces the generation of disease；Take out after hero under plant
Between the maximum leaf area index 5.0-6.0 of portion's leaf photosynthesis compensation point dynamic equilibrium.
8th, managing after sowing
1) before after planting-emergence
, can be with 40% isopropyl grass green bristlegrass or 40% second green bristlegrass or 40% fourth green bristlegrass etc. after planting 3 if field does not have weeds
Sprayed in it, mu dosage 200g, can effectively prevent new raised weed.
If field raw weeds one year, can with the paraquat 150g/ mus of 40% isopropyl grass green bristlegrass 200g/ mus+20% or
52% isopropyl grass green bristlegrass 150g+20% paraquat 150g/ mus, carry out " envelope one is killed ", can be risen again while killing weeds in field
To the effect for closing down weeds.
2) the 3-5 leaves phase
Seedling thinning is carried out during 3-4 leaves in time, is filled the gaps with seedlings.
Rough dwarf disease is prevented and treated early：The corn of sowing mid-May, seedling stage just meeting first generation striatellus imago peak period, and
When remove roadside and weeds in field, field morbidity strain is pulled out in time and removes field, reduces worm sources, in the 3-5 leaf phases with 25%
Buprofezin 50g/ mus, every spray in 5~7 days once, even spray 2~3 times, while with 40% viral A500 times of liquid or 5.5% ZhiBingLing(SIC)
800 times of liquid sprinkling preventing and treating virosis.
The preventing and treating of subterranean pest-insect：50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate can be used if there is subterranean pest-insects such as grub, wireworm, mole crickets
1000-1500 times of liquid irrigating root, period poison bait can be also used, 75% phoxim 50g, adds 1~1.5kg of water, with the wheat to stir-fry
Bran, cottonseed cake are mixed thoroughly, every mu of 2~3kg, in spreading fertilizer over the fields at dusk in seedling base portion, can effectively trap and kill subterranean pest-insect.
3) the big mouth phase
Prevent and treat corn borer：Core, 1.5~2kg of mu dosage are filled with 1.5% phoxim or 0.1% time granule.Or use
High-pressure sodium lamp traps and kills adult also releasable trichogramma, every mu 1~20,000, effectively prevents and treats corn borer moth erosion stalk.
4) the male spinning phase is taken out
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Every mu is warded off aphid mist with 12.5% standing grain fruit profit pulvis 30g+1.8% AVMs 15ml+10%
30g, 30kg is watered, sprayed, can anti-corn northern leaf blight and southern leaf blight, red spider, aphid etc..
5) other disease pest and weeds preventing and treating manages with general field.
6) supplement irrigation：The implantation methods fill principle less in line with water saving, ensure full stand, Miao Quan, if breeding time run into it is dry
The year of drought can not meet that the normal growth and development of corn can carry out supplement irrigation in time.Combined in the critical period of corn growth
The timely supplement irrigation of soil tilth.
Supplement irrigation：Always taken temperature from annual rainfall (table 3,4), the growth demand of corn can be met substantially, but due to this
Obvious stage problem of non-uniform be present in area's rainfall distribution, and as reduction trend is presented in weather overall background, or even exist tight
The weight water shortage time, for example, 2015 in Maize at Seedling Stage to spinning phase (mid or late May to mid-July) substantially without big rainfall,
Stage rainfall only has less than 50mm, and single rainfall is at most not above 15mm, and rainfall is far from meeting benefit of the root system to the soil water
To (15mm rainfall infiltrations depth of soil 12-15cm), and corn is in nutrient growth to the transitional period of reproductive growth, should
Supplement irrigation, soil tilth can be combined, can be irrigated less than 65% in soil 0-60cm soil relative water contents, mu is irrigated
Water is in 40-50m3。
The corn growing season rainfall (mm) (Hengshui) of table 3
| Corn growing season | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 |
| May 5 days-September 10 days | 491.6 | 492.3 | 253.8 | 223.6 | 420.3 |
| May 10 days-September 15 days | 495.7 | 492.2 | 255.6 | 192.0 | 423.0 |
| The 20-9 months in May 20 | 461.5 | 494.0 | 251.7 | 191.7 | 415.2 |
| 5-October 5 June | 487.0 | 512.1 | 249.1 | 197.6 | 415.4 |
| 20-October 15 June | 482.5 | 496.5 | 233.4 | 195.2 | 396.1 |
4 corn growing season stage of table rainfall (mm) (Hengshui)
| Stage | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 |
| Late April | 41.8 | 2.0 | 54.4 | 3.0 | 0.0 |
| The first tenday period of a month in May | 0.0 | 0.2 | 4.3 | 57.9 | 5.6 |
| Mid-May | 34.2 | 0.0 | 24.9 | 0.3 | 15.1 |
| Late May | 0.0 | 16.4 | 8.6 | 0.0 | 0.5 |
| Early June | 5.1 | 17.4 | 9.1 | 1.6 | 0.1 |
| Mid-June | 0.0 | 5.3 | 7.8 | 1.4 | 32.3 |
| Late June | 98.1 | 33.6 | 9.2 | 8.5 | 57.8 |
| Early July | 34.5 | 130.8 | 32.7 | 1.2 | 9.4 |
| Mid-July | 18.6 | 60.6 | 18.7 | 36.2 | 137.1 |
| Late July | 105.6 | 57.9 | 6.3 | 73.0 | 40.1 |
| Late April-by the end of June | 179.2 | 74.9 | 118.3 | 72.7 | 111.4 |
| The first tenday period of a month in May-early July | 171.9 | 203.7 | 96.6 | 70.9 | 120.8 |
| Mid-May-mid-July | 190.5 | 264.1 | 111.0 | 49.2 | 252.3 |
| Late May-late July | 261.9 | 322 | 92.4 | 121.9 | 277.3 |
7) top dressing：Fertilizer is imposed in the corn typhon mouth phase：Methyl α-naphthyl acetate 80g, pectase liquid 35ml, aloe mineral powder
15g, CORTEX AILANTHI powder 20g, pomegranate seed powder 30g, peach-pit powder 25g, yam flour 15g, sponge gourd water 50ml 1m3Water mixes, and sprays application to
On blade face or root, 20-30 kilograms of mu dosage.CORTEX AILANTHI powder is milled to obtain by CORTEX AILANTHI, and pomegranate seed powder is by pomegranate seed
What milling obtained, peach-pit powder is milled to obtain by peach-pit, and sponge gourd water is using the centimeters of main stem root 30 using a section climing gravity flow
Method, sponge gourd water is allowed to flow out naturally.Above-mentioned fertilizer has after being absorbed by plants to be promoted to prick under root system, stimulates root system to secrete more
Enzyme, makes root system more shape, the effect more than root hair；Aloe mineral powder can reduce the transpiration of corn, have water retention,
The significant effect under conditions of rainwater deficiency；The compounding of above-mentioned fertilizer can promote Maize Roots, plant strain growth and nutrition into
The absorption and aggregation divided, improve yield more than 5%.The content of protein is about 8.6% or so in corn, above-mentioned by increasing
Fertilizer, the protein content in corn can be promoted to 12.83%, and the raising of amino acid balance degree, especially lysine, color ammonia
The content of acid and methionine improves 80-150%, 1.5-2 times, 1-1.5 times compared to existing corn.
9th, harvest
Harvested in time after corn maturation, judge that the ripe simple type identifier of corn for seed milk-line standard, treats corn milk-line
Harvested after disappearance preferable.Harvested when milk-line is in the position away from top 1/3rd, the underproduction 10% or so；When milk-line is in
Harvested during the position of seed half, the underproduction 3% or so；Moisture is high, is not easy to dry, and easily goes mouldy.When milk-line fades away,
Machine receives seed after moisture reduces, and economic benefit is up to maximum.
10th, lie fallow the stage
1st, the height for the stubble left and stalk crush length
In order to reduce the lost and enhancing farmland storage snow ability for stage Farmland Water of lying fallow, wind erosion is reduced, it is high to design toothing
20-25cm is spent, stalk crushes length 20-25cm.
2nd, lie fallow phase chemical weed control, fertilizer conservation soil moisture conservation
Reduction liquid manure caused by due to weeds is lost in, and weeds in field occurs before starting in the stage of lying fallow, and carries out the weeds autumn
Control, control not only that dosage is few, cost is low, safety, effect are good the weeds autumn.
2nd, experiment effect
1st, to the preventing and treating of disease pest and weed
2nd, the height for the stubble left and stalk crush length to stage soil moisture conservation effect of lying fallow
3rd, output results
| Project (2016) | The present invention | Tradition plantation control |
| Fertilizer whole bottom application yield kg/ hectares | 12400 | 10083 |
| The big mouth phase topdressing at different stages yield kg/ hectares of corn | 15039 | 11042 |
Claims (8)
1. underground water limit adopts area's one season corn saving irrigation model implantation methods of lying fallow, a season is only planted using the leisure of winter wheat season is no-tillage
The cultivation mode of corn, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A, the determination in sowing time；The accumulated temperature according to needed for temperature after emergence of corn not less than 19 DEG C, corn seeding to emergence is 80 DEG C
And Heilongjing River rainfall climatic characteristic, it is 20-June 15 May to determine sowing date；
B, sow：Sowed using simple grain program request, 4800-5200 plants/acre of planting density；
C, managing after sowing：Carry out seedling thinning, fill the gaps with seedlings, the preventing and treating of disease pest and weed, and irrigated according to soil moisture content.
2. underground water limit according to claim 1 adopts area's one season corn saving irrigation model implantation methods of lying fallow, it is characterised in that
The preventing and treating of disease pest and weed in step C, including：
1) after planting to before emerging：If field does not have weeds, existed with 40% isopropyl grass green bristlegrass or 40% second green bristlegrass or 40% fourth green bristlegrass
Sprayed in after planting 3 days, mu dosage 200g；If field raw weeds one year, every mu spray 40% isopropyl grass green bristlegrass 200g,
20% paraquat 150g, or every mu spray 52% isopropyl grass green bristlegrass 150g, 20% paraquat 150g；Perennial weeds glyphosate
Singling is smeared, every mu of 0.5 kilogram of 10% aqua of use；
2) the 3-5 leaves phase：Rough dwarf disease, small brown rice planthopper, controlling underground pest are carried out, with 25% buprofezin 50g/ mus, sprayed one every 5-7 days
It is secondary, even spray 2-3 times, while prevent and treat virosis with the 800 times of liquid sprinklings of 40% viral A500 times of liquid or 5.5% ZhiBingLing(SIC)；If occur
Subterranean pest-insect 1000-1500 times of liquid irrigating root of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, or using period poison bait, 75% phoxim 50g, add water
1-1.5kg, mixed thoroughly with wheat bran, the cottonseed cake to stir-fry, every mu of 2-3kg, in spreading fertilizer over the fields at dusk in seedling base portion；
3) the big mouth phase：Corn borer preventing and treating is carried out, core, mu dosage 1.5-2kg are filled with 1.5% phoxim or 0.1% time granule；
Or using high-pressure sodium lamp trapping adult；Or trichogramma releases, every mu of 1-2 ten thousand；
4) the male spinning phase is taken out：Every mu of the standing grain fruit profit pulvis 30g of use 12.5%, 1.8% AVM 15ml, 10% ward off aphid mist 30g, convert
Water 30kg, spraying, the preventing and treating leaf blight of corn, helminthosporium maydis, red spider, aphid.
3. underground water limit according to claim 1 adopts area's one season corn saving irrigation model implantation methods of lying fallow, it is characterised in that
In step C, carrying out irrigation according to soil moisture content is：Irrigated when soil 0-60cm soil relative water contents are less than 65%,
Mu duty is in 40-50m3。
4. underground water limit according to claim 1 adopts area's one season corn saving irrigation model implantation methods of lying fallow, it is characterised in that
In step C, seedling thinning, operation of filling the gaps with seedlings are carried out in the 3-4 leaf phases.
5. underground water limit according to claim 1 adopts area's one season corn saving irrigation model implantation methods of lying fallow, it is characterised in that：
From high yield, resistance, the corn variety that plant type is compact, High planting is strong, purity >=98% of seed, germination percentage >=90%, only
Degree >=98%, water content≤13%, Cotton seeds are carried out before sowing.
6. underground water limit according to claim 1 adopts area's one season corn saving irrigation model implantation methods of lying fallow, it is characterised in that：
During sowing, applied fertilizer, wherein purity nitrogen 100-120kg/hm2, pure P2O5 120kg/hm2, pure K2O 120kg/hm2。
7. underground water limit according to claim 1 adopts area's one season corn saving irrigation model implantation methods of lying fallow, it is characterised in that：
Simple grain program request is carried out using deep scarification no-tillage ferti-seeding combination machine, operating speed is no more than 4 kilometers/hour, controls simple grain program request
Than predetermined density increase 200-300 grains, 60cm etc. line-spacing sowing.
8. underground water limit according to claim 1 adopts area's one season corn saving irrigation model implantation methods of lying fallow, it is characterised in that：
Harvested after corn milk heading line off, it is 20-25cm that the height for the stubble left is controlled after harvest, and it is 20-25cm that stalk, which crushes length,.
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