CN110249927B - Periodic production method for adjusting pineapple production period - Google Patents

Periodic production method for adjusting pineapple production period Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110249927B
CN110249927B CN201910595734.1A CN201910595734A CN110249927B CN 110249927 B CN110249927 B CN 110249927B CN 201910595734 A CN201910595734 A CN 201910595734A CN 110249927 B CN110249927 B CN 110249927B
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months
planting
pineapple
seedling
seedlings
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CN110249927A (en
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王小媚
刘业强
徐健
韦巧云
任惠
苏伟强
邱文武
董龙
蔡昭艳
方位宽
黄丽君
黄章保
赵静
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Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Horticultural Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a periodic production method for adjusting the pineapple production period, and belongs to the field of plant cultivation. Which comprises the following steps: land preparation and ridging, seedling selection, field planting, fertilization management, flower induction and promotion, bud removal, bud retention and flower and fruit management. Aiming at different economic pineapple cultivars, seedlings with different planting time and specifications are scientifically selected, the influence of natural flowering on the number of plants for forcing flowering in the production period can be effectively avoided or reduced, meanwhile, by means of measures such as reinforced fertilization management, induced flower forcing, flower and fruit management and the like, spring planting in the current year in 3-4 months, induced flower forcing in the current year in 9-10 months, fruit harvesting in the next year in 4-5 months, and seedling harvesting in the next year in 8-9 months, wherein the batch of seedlings can be used for autumn planting production; or autumn planting in the current year in 8-9 months, arranging flower forcing in the next year in 4-5 months, harvesting fruits in the next year in 9-10 months, and harvesting seedlings in the next year in 3-4 months, wherein the seedlings in the batch are used for spring planting production.

Description

Periodic production method for adjusting pineapple production period
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a periodic production method for adjusting the pineapple production period.
Background
Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr), also known as pineapple, is an herbaceous plant of the Ananas family, Ananas genus (Ananas), second only to banana and mango in tropical fruit production and trade, and is one of the important economic crops in central and south america and asia-pacific regions. China is a world large country for pineapple production, the total area for pineapple planting in China is enlarged year by year, but the marketing of fresh pineapples in Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan and other areas of pineapple main production areas in China still concentrates on winter and spring (1-3 months) with poor fruit quality and summer (7-8 months) with concentrated mature tropical bulk fruits, and the fresh fruits are concentrated on the market in a short time, so that the competitive advantages of pineapples in the trades at home and abroad are not obvious, and the economic benefit of planting industry is reduced. Meanwhile, with the increase of diversified demands of growers and consumers on pineapple products, new pineapple food varieties such as 'Tainong No. 16', 'Tainong No. 17', 'Tainong No. 21', 'golden pineapple' and 'Philippines' are sequentially introduced by mainproduction areas of mainland and are industrially produced.
The total output of the Guangxi pineapples in 2018 as one of the main pineapple producing areas in China is 3.59 ten thousand tons, which is 1.3 percent higher than that in the last year. In recent years, the cultivation area of the Guangxi pineapples is sharply reduced, the pineapple industry is integrally slipped down, and some problems which need to be solved exist in pineapple cultivation.
As the pineapples planted in Guangxi province are induced by low-temperature short sunlight in winter, the pineapples are easy to flower naturally in the period, the pineapples of different varieties have different natural flower forming rates, the natural flower forming rates of the 'Tainong No. 16', the 'Tainong No. 17' and the 'Philippine' pineapples after normal overwintering are below 30%, but the natural flower forming rates of the 'golden pineapples' and the 'Tainong No. 21' of new varieties are higher than those of other varieties, particularly in the weather influenced by low-temperature frost in winter, the natural flower forming rates can be up to more than 80%, the fruits are small, the commodity rate is low, the overall yield is reduced, the planting production plan is seriously disturbed, meanwhile, the unscientific application of the production period adjusting technology enables the time quality of different pineapple varieties to be poor, the supply of the varieties and the production period are not linked, the effect of the production period adjusting quality improving technology for increasing the efficiency is not reflected, and therefore, the production enthusiasm, seriously affecting the sustainable development of the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the practical production of the pineapples in Guangxi province, the invention integrates the time of getting on the market in the main production area of the pineapples in our country by peak, adjusts the production period to the target expected time, ensures the excellence of the fruit quality and the continuity of the industrial production period, increases the added value of products and promotes the sustainable development of the industry.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a periodic production method for adjusting the production period of pineapples comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation and ridge raising: adopting double-row planting, digging planting ditches in the middle of the ridge along the direction of the ridge, wherein the width of the ridge is 0.9-1.0m, the width of the ditch is 50-60cm, and the row spacing is 90-110 cm;
(2) selecting seedlings: determining the specification of the seedling according to the pineapple varieties and the planting time, and avoiding or reducing the influence of natural flowering, wherein the pineapple varieties comprise Philippines, Tainong No. 16, Tainong No. 17, Tainong No. 21 and golden pineapples, the planting time is 3-4 months or 8-9 months, and the specification of the seedling is as follows:
firstly, the philippine pineapple: selecting the height of the sprout-sucking seedling in 3-4 months and the stem thickness of the sprout-sucking seedling is more than 3.0 cm; selecting the height of the sprout-sucking seedling in 8-9 months and the stem thickness of the sprout-sucking seedling is more than 30-35 cm;
② Tainong No. 16 pineapple: selecting the height of the sprout-sucking seedling in 3-4 months and the stem thickness of the sprout-sucking seedling is more than 3.0 cm; selecting the height of the sprout-sucking seedling in 8-9 months and the stem thickness of the sprout-sucking seedling is more than 30-35 cm;
③ Tainong No. 17 pineapple: selecting the height of the sprout-sucking seedling in 3-4 months and the stem thickness of the sprout-sucking seedling is more than 3.0 cm; selecting the height of the sprout-sucking seedling in 8-9 months and the stem thickness of the sprout-sucking seedling is more than 30-35 cm;
fourthly, Tainong No. 21 pineapple: selecting the height of the sprout-sucking seedling in 3-4 months and the stem thickness of the sprout-sucking seedling is more than 3.0 cm; selecting the height of the seedling of the suckling bud in 8-9 months and the stem thickness of the seedling of the suckling bud of more than 25-30 cm;
fifthly, pineapple: selecting the height of the sprout-sucking seedling in 3-4 months and the stem thickness of the sprout-sucking seedling is more than 3.0 cm; selecting the height of the seedling of the suckling bud in 8-9 months and the stem thickness of the seedling of the suckling bud of more than 25-30 cm;
(3) planting: planting for 3-4 months in spring or 8-9 months in autumn, selecting sunny planting, planting seedlings in different regions according to the size of the seedlings, uniformly mixing soil dug out from the planting ditch with base fertilizer, backfilling, digging small holes, placing the seedlings, strengthening the body, and returning the soil;
(4) fertilization management:
firstly, base fertilizer:
each 667m2Applying 1500-2000kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 40-50kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 20-30kg of compound fertilizer as base fertilizers;
top dressing in vegetative growth period:
topdressing in the vegetative growth period of spring planting: after 3-4 months of permanent planting survival, fertilizing for the first time when the leaves turn green, wherein the fertilizer is applied every 667m2Applying 5.0-6.0kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer and 1.0-3.0k of tea tree seed mealg, 1.0-3.0kg of lemongrass residue and 2.0-3.0 kg of turf; then fertilizing soil once every month, continuously fertilizing for 2 times, and fertilizing for 667m for the first time2Applying 5.0-6.0kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 1.0-3.0kg of tea tree seed meal and 1.0-3.0kg of lemongrass residue; every 667m for the second time2Applying 5.0-6.0kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 8.0-10.0kg of potassium sulfate, 1.0-3.0kg of tea tree seed meal and 1.0-3.0kg of lemongrass residue;
II, topdressing in the vegetative growth period of autumn planting: in the next month after the permanent planting in 8-9 months, filling the core for 3 times by using 300 times of phycoerythrin plus 450 times of liquid and 35-45 times of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, wherein the interval is 18-22 days every time, and the dosage of each plant is 550ml plus 450 times of liquid; 150 times of dark gold green liquid and 150 times of soluble organic fertilizer liquid are irrigated to the root in 12 months, and the dosage of each plant is 800 times of liquid and 1200ml of liquid; topdressing 1 time 2 months next year, each 667m2Applying 5.0-6.0kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 8.0-10.0kg of potassium sulfate, 1-3kg of tea tree seed meal, 1-3kg of lemongrass residue and 2-3kg of turf;
③ topdressing in other periods: applying the foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times every month from the survival of the planted pineapple to 45 days before flower forcing, and spraying 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the pineapple leaf surface each time; after fruits are harvested, spraying 0.5-1.0% urea solution and 0.3-0.5% potassium chloride solution on the surfaces of pineapple bud leaves every month, and continuously spraying for 2 times;
(5) inducing and forcing flower: filling with ethephon aqua or calcium carbide aqua as flower forcing agent in the early morning or evening of sunny day of 4-5 months or 9-10 months;
(6) removing buds and keeping buds: removing the support bud growing on the fruit stem, and reserving 1-2 strong suckers for each plant as seedlings; harvesting bud seedlings of the plants planted in spring in 3-4 months before 8 months of the next year to serve as seedlings in the next production period; harvesting bud seedlings of the plants planted in autumn in 8-9 months before 3 months in the next year to serve as seedlings in the next production period;
(7) flower and fruit management: spraying a bactericide once in the whole garden 1 month after the buds of the pineapples are extracted, then covering the fruits with a shielding object to prevent the fruits from being scorched, and covering the plants with a plastic film to prevent the plants from being cold-proof before frost comes in winter.
Preferably, in the step (3), the row spacing of the plants is 30-40cm multiplied by 40-50cm, the planting depth is 6-8cm, and each 667m22470-3000 strain was grown.
As the optimization of the technical proposal, the pineapple planted in spring of 3-4 months induces flower forcing in the current 9-10 months, and the pineapple planted in autumn of 8-9 months induces flower forcing in the next 4-5 months.
Preferably, 40% ethephon water aqua is used as flower forcing agent with concentration of 0.8-1.2g/L, and each plant is filled with core 25-30ml for 1 time, or calcium carbide water aqua is used as flower forcing agent with concentration of 20.0-25.0g/L, and each plant is filled with core 25ml for 2-5 days, and the filling is performed for 2 times.
Preferably, the bactericide is a 1000-time liquid of 800-fold of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and a 800-time liquid of 700-fold of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder.
Preferably, in the step (7), the fruit is covered with a double-layer paper bag with yellow outside and black inside to prevent sunburn, and the paper bag is 32cm multiplied by 26-30cm in size.
The reason for determining the specification of the seedling according to the pineapple variety and the planting time and avoiding or reducing the influence of natural flowering is as follows: in normal pineapple planting, natural flower bud differentiation occurs in 11-12 months, natural flowering occurs, and therefore the situation of high small fruit rate occurs. In order to regulate and control the phenomenon, reduce and reduce the natural flowering rate, and simultaneously ensure that the pineapples can reach normal flower forcing conditions in the next 4-5 months, and have sufficient nutrition, therefore, when the pineapple is planted in autumn for bud absorption, comprehensive consideration must be given to selecting the seedling specifications of low natural flower forming rate and the pineapple plants in the next year which can reach the flower forcing conditions for planting.
In order to determine the specification of pineapple seedlings during autumn planting, the invention performs planting experiments on pineapple seedlings of different varieties and specifications in the four seasons gallery planting base of Jiangxi town in Jiangxi province of Guangxi Nanning city, and the conditions of fruit production in winter of pineapple seedlings of different varieties and specifications under the traditional planting method are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 winter fruit production of different varieties of pineapple seedlings of different specifications
Figure BDA0002117591790000031
Figure BDA0002117591790000041
As can be seen from Table 1, the natural flower forming rate of different varieties of bud-absorbing seedlings planted in autumn in late 8 months is far higher than that of other varieties, namely, the seedlings with the same specification, namely, the golden pineapple and Tainong No. 21 are controlled to be below 30%, so that the best method is to adopt the golden pineapple and Tainong No. 21 to use the bud-absorbing seedlings with the height of 25-30cm and the stem thickness of 2.0 cm; the growth amounts of Tainong No. 16, Tainong No. 17 and Philippine pineapple plants are smaller than those of Tainong No. 21 and Kishinou pineapple plants, and the Tainong No. 21 and Kishinou pineapple plants are easy to encounter low-temperature cold weather in winter, the pineapple seedlings can stagnate and grow in winter, the undersized seedlings are easy to have insufficient nutrition and slow growth, the flower forcing condition can not be achieved in the next 4-5 months, and the next 10 months are difficult to realize, so that the effects of controlling the natural flower forming rate of the variety to be below 30 percent and ensuring the sufficient nutrition of the plants before artificial induction flower forcing are optimal and moderate seedlings with the height of 30-35cm and the stem thickness of 2.5cm for the Tainong No. 16, Tainong No. 17 and Philippine pineapple are used in actual production.
The spring-planted plants can effectively avoid the occurrence and influence of natural flower formation in autumn and winter due to the current-year flower forcing, and can adopt the seedling-sucking seedlings with the height of 35-40cm and the stem thickness of more than 3.0cm, so that the plants have enough nutrition state before artificial induction flower forcing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) aiming at different pineapple varieties, seedlings with different planting time and specifications are scientifically selected, and meanwhile, by means of measures such as reinforced fertilization management, induced flower forcing, flower and fruit management and the like, spring planting in the current 3-4 months, induced flower forcing in the current 9-10 months, fruit harvesting in the next 4-5 months and seedling harvesting in the next 8-9 months are realized, and the batch of seedlings can be used for autumn planting production; or autumn planting in the current year in 8-9 months, arranging flower forcing in the next year in 4-5 months, harvesting fruits in the next year in 9-10 months, and harvesting seedlings in the next year in 3-4 months, wherein the seedlings in the batch are used for spring planting production. The method can stagger peak time of 1-3 months and 7-8 months in the main pineapple production area in China, and ensures the excellence of the Guangxi fruit quality and the continuity of the industrial production period by adjusting the production period to the target expected time, the added value of products is increased, the quality and the efficiency of the industry are improved, and the sustainable development of the industry is promoted.
(2) According to the method, the bud-sucking seedlings are adopted for field planting in spring, and the current-year induced flower forcing can be planted in the current year, so that the production plan of pineapple which is naturally grown in winter and is interrupted is avoided; according to the difference of sensitivity degrees of different varieties to low temperature in winter, different specifications of bud-sucking planting are adopted in autumn planting, the natural flowering rate of pineapples can be effectively reduced to be below 30%, the production period is adjusted to be on the market in the next 9-10 months, the quality of fruits is guaranteed, the continuity of a seedling self-reproduction supply system required by the previous and next production periods is realized, the requirements of industrial sustainable development on varieties of seedlings are met, the added value of products is increased, and the quality and the efficiency of industries are improved.
(3) The invention focuses on the fertilization management of pineapples, designs a scientific fertilization scheme, adds tea tree seed meal, lemongrass residues and grass carbon in the conventional solid fertilizer of pineapples, has a certain slow release effect on the fertilizer, contains rich cellulose and natural active antibacterial substances in the tea tree seed meal and the lemongrass residues, and adds a proper amount of the tea tree seed meal and the lemongrass residues, thereby not only reducing the fertilizer cost, but also enhancing the absorption of plants on the fertilizer, and also having a better removal effect on insects and bacteria in soil. In one pineapple production period, the frequency of top dressing of the invention is reduced by 3-5 times compared with the conventional pineapple planting.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples in order that the advantages and features of the present invention may be more readily understood, but the scope of the invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
A periodic production method for adjusting the production period of pineapples comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation and ridge raising: adopting double-row planting, digging planting ditches in the middle of the ridge along the direction of the ridge, wherein the width of the ridge is 0.9-1.0m, the width of the ditch is 50-60cm, and the large row spacing is 90-110 cm.
(2) Selecting seedlings: determining the specification of the seedling according to the pineapple variety and the planting time, and avoiding or reducing the influence of natural flower formation, wherein the pineapple variety is golden pineapple, the planting time is 3 days in the middle of the month, and the specification of the seedling is as follows: selecting the height of the sprout seedling of 35-40cm and the stem thickness of more than 3.0 cm.
(3) Planting: planting in the middle ten days of spring planting in 3 months, selecting sunny days for planting, planting seedlings in different regions according to the sizes of the seedlings, uniformly stirring soil dug out from planting ditches and base fertilizers, backfilling, digging small holes according to the planting row spacing of 30-40cm multiplied by 40-50cm and the planting depth of 6-8cm, placing the seedlings, strengthening and returning the soil; each 667m22800 plants were planted.
(4) Fertilization management:
firstly, base fertilizer:
each 667m21800kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 45kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 25kg of compound fertilizer are applied as base fertilizers.
Top dressing in vegetative growth period:
after 3 months of permanent planting survival, fertilizing for the first time when the leaves turn green, and fertilizing every 667m2Applying 5.5kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 2.0kg of tea tree seed meal, 2.0kg of lemongrass residue and 2.5kg of grass peat; then fertilizing soil once every month, continuously fertilizing for 2 times, and fertilizing for 667m for the first time2Applying 5.5kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 2.0kg of tea tree seed meal and 2.0kg of lemongrass residue; every 667m for the second time25.5kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 9.0kg of potassium sulfate, 2.0kg of tea tree seed meal and 2.0kg of lemongrass residue are applied.
③ topdressing in other periods: applying the foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times every month 45 days after the survival of the planted pineapple and before the flower forcing, and spraying 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the pineapple leaf surface each time; after fruits are harvested, spraying 0.8% urea solution and 0.4% potassium chloride solution on the surfaces of pineapple bud leaves every month, and continuously spraying for 2 times.
(5) Inducing and forcing flower: in the early morning or evening of a sunny day of 9 months in the year, 40% of ethephon water aqua is used as a flower forcing agent, the concentration is 1.0g/L, 28ml of each plant is filled with the flower core, and the flower forcing agent is filled for 1 time.
(6) Removing buds and keeping buds: removing the support bud growing on the fruit stalk, leaving 1-2 strong suckers for each plant as seedlings, and harvesting the seedlings before 8 months in the next year as the seedlings of the next production period.
(7) Flower and fruit management: after 1 month of bud drawing of pineapple, 900 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 750 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder are sprayed once in the whole garden, then, the fruit is covered with a 32 cm-26-30 cm-sized yellow-outside and black-inside double-layer paper bag for preventing sunburn, and before frost comes in winter, a plastic film is used for covering the plant for preventing cold.
Example 2
A periodic production method for adjusting the production period of pineapples comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation and ridge raising: adopting double-row planting, digging planting ditches in the middle of the ridge along the direction of the ridge, wherein the width of the ridge is 0.9-1.0m, the width of the ditch is 50-60cm, and the large row spacing is 90-110 cm.
(2) Selecting seedlings: determining the specification of the seedling according to the pineapple variety and the planting time, and avoiding or reducing the influence of natural flower formation, wherein the pineapple variety is golden pineapple, the planting time is 8 days in the middle of the month, and the specification of the seedling is as follows: selecting the height of the sprout seedling of 25-30cm and the stem thickness of more than 2.0 cm.
(3) Planting: planting in autumn 8 in the middle of the month, planting in sunny days, planting seedlings in different regions according to the sizes of the seedlings, uniformly mixing soil dug out from planting ditches with a base fertilizer, backfilling, digging small holes according to the planting row spacing of 30-40cm multiplied by 40-50cm and the planting depth of 6-8cm, placing the seedlings, strengthening the seedlings and returning the soil; each 667m22700 plants were planted.
(4) Fertilization management:
firstly, base fertilizer:
each 667m21800kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 45kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 25kg of compound fertilizer are applied as base fertilizers.
Top dressing in vegetative growth period:
filling the core with 350 times of the solution of the algin and 40 times of the 15-15-15 compound fertilizer for 3 times in the next month after 8 months of permanent planting, wherein each time is separated by 20 days, and the dosage of each plant is 500 ml; irrigating root of radix linderae green for 12 months with 200 times of solution and soluble organic fertilizer solution with 200 times of solution, wherein the dosage of each plant is 1000 ml; topdressing 1 time 2 months next year, each 667m25.5kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 9.0kg of potassium sulfate, 2kg of tea tree seed meal, 2kg of lemongrass residue and 2.5kg of grass peat are applied.
③ topdressing in other periods: applying the foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times every month 45 days after the survival of the planted pineapple and before the flower forcing, and spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the pineapple leaf surface each time; after fruits are harvested, spraying 0.7% urea solution and 0.4% potassium chloride solution on the surfaces of pineapple bud leaves every month, and continuously spraying for 2 times.
(5) Inducing and forcing flower: in the morning or evening of a sunny day of 4 months in the next year, calcium carbide aqua is used as a flower forcing medicament, the concentration is 22.0g/L, 25ml of each plant is filled with the flower, and the flower forcing medicaments are filled for 2 times at intervals of 3 days every time.
(6) Removing buds and keeping buds: removing the support bud growing on the fruit stem, and reserving 1-2 strong suckers for each plant as seedlings; and (4) harvesting the bud seedlings 3 months before the next year to serve as seedlings for the next production period.
(7) Flower and fruit management: after 1 month after the buds of the pineapples are extracted, 900 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder are sprayed all over the garden once, then the fruits are covered with 32 cm-26-30 cm-sized yellow-outside and black-inside double-layer paper bags for preventing sunburn, and before frost comes in winter, the plants are covered with a plastic film for preventing cold.
Example 3
A periodic production method for adjusting the production period of pineapples comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation and ridge raising: adopting double-row planting, digging planting ditches in the middle of the ridge along the direction of the ridge, wherein the width of the ridge is 0.9-1.0m, the width of the ditch is 50-60cm, and the large row spacing is 90-110 cm.
(2) Selecting seedlings: determining the specification of the seedling according to the pineapple variety and the planting time, and avoiding or reducing the influence of natural flower formation, wherein the pineapple variety is Tainong No. 21, the planting time is 3 Laetia, and the specification of the seedling is as follows: selecting the height of the sprout seedling of 35-40cm and the stem thickness of more than 3.0 cm.
(3) Planting: planting in late 3 months in spring, selecting sunny day for planting, planting seedlings in different regions according to the sizes of the seedlings, uniformly mixing soil dug out from a planting ditch with a base fertilizer, backfilling, digging small holes according to the planting row spacing of 30-40cm multiplied by 40-50cm and the planting depth of 6-8cm, placing the seedlings, strengthening the seedlings and returning the soil; each 667m22600 plants were planted.
(4) Fertilization management:
firstly, base fertilizer:
each 667m21700kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 48kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 22kg of compound fertilizer are applied as base fertilizers.
Top dressing in vegetative growth period:
after 3 months of permanent planting survival, fertilizing for the first time when the leaves turn green, and fertilizing every 667m2Applying 5.5kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 2.0kg of tea tree seed meal, 2.0kg of lemongrass residue and 2.5kg of grass peat; then fertilizing soil once every month, continuously fertilizing for 2 times, and fertilizing for 667m for the first time2Applying 5.5kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 2.0kg of tea tree seed meal and 2.0kg of lemongrass residue; every 667m for the second time25.5kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 9.0kg of potassium sulfate, 2.0kg of tea tree seed meal and 2.0kg of lemongrass residue are applied.
③ topdressing in other periods: applying the foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times every month 45 days after the survival of the planted pineapple and before the flower forcing, and spraying 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the pineapple leaf surface each time; after fruits are harvested, spraying 0.7% urea solution and 0.5% potassium chloride solution on the surfaces of pineapple bud leaves every month, and continuously spraying for 2 times.
(5) Inducing and forcing flower: in the early morning or evening of a sunny day of 9 months in the year, 40% of ethephon water aqua is used as a flower forcing agent, the concentration is 1.0g/L, 28ml of each plant is filled with the flower core, and the flower forcing agent is filled for 1 time.
(6) Removing buds and keeping buds: removing the support bud growing on the fruit stem, and reserving 1-2 strong suckers for each plant as seedlings; and harvesting the bud seedlings 8 months before the next year to be used as seedlings for the next production period.
(7) Flower and fruit management: spraying 950 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 750 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder once in the whole garden 1 month after the pineapple buds are extracted, then covering the fruits with 32cm × 26-30 cm-sized yellow-outside and black-inside double-layer paper bags for preventing sunburn, and covering the plants with a plastic film for preventing cold before frost comes in winter.
Example 4
A periodic production method for adjusting the production period of pineapples comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation and ridge raising: adopting double-row planting, digging planting ditches in the middle of the ridge along the direction of the ridge, wherein the width of the ridge is 0.9-1.0m, the width of the ditch is 50-60cm, and the large row spacing is 90-110 cm.
(2) Selecting seedlings: determining the specification of the seedling according to the pineapple variety and the planting time, and avoiding or reducing the influence of natural flower formation, wherein the pineapple variety is Tainong No. 21, the planting time is 8 Laetia, and the specification of the seedling is as follows: selecting the height of the sprout seedling of 25-30cm and the stem thickness of more than 2.0 cm.
(3) Planting: planting in late autumn 8 months, selecting sunny days for planting, planting seedlings in different regions according to the sizes of the seedlings, uniformly mixing soil dug out from planting ditches with a base fertilizer, backfilling, digging small holes according to the planting row spacing of 30-40cm multiplied by 40-50cm and the planting depth of 6-8cm, placing the seedlings, strengthening the seedlings and returning the soil; each 667m22500 plants were planted.
(4) Fertilization management:
firstly, base fertilizer:
each 667m21700kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 48kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 22kg of compound fertilizer are applied as base fertilizers.
Top dressing in vegetative growth period:
filling the core with 350 times of the solution of the algin and 40 times of the 15-15-15 compound fertilizer for 3 times in the next month after 8 months of permanent planting, wherein each time is separated by 20 days, and the dosage of each plant is 500 ml; irrigating root of radix linderae green for 12 months with 200 times of solution and soluble organic fertilizer solution with 200 times of solution, wherein the dosage of each plant is 1000 ml; topdressing 1 time 2 months next year, each 667m25.5kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 9.0kg of potassium sulfate, 2kg of tea tree seed meal, 2kg of lemongrass residue and 2.5kg of grass peat are applied.
③ topdressing in other periods: applying the foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times every month 45 days after the survival of the planted pineapple and before the flower forcing, and spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the pineapple leaf surface each time; after fruits are harvested, 0.6% urea solution and 0.3% potassium chloride solution are sprayed on the surfaces of pineapple bud leaves every month, and the solution is continuously sprayed for 2 times.
(5) Inducing and forcing flower: in the morning or evening of a sunny day of 4 months in the next year, calcium carbide aqua is used as a flower forcing medicament, the concentration is 23.0g/L, 25ml of each plant is filled with the flower, and the flower forcing medicaments are filled for 2 times at intervals of 3 days every time.
(6) Removing buds and keeping buds: removing the support bud growing on the fruit stem, and reserving 1-2 strong suckers for each plant as seedlings; and (4) harvesting the bud seedlings 3 months before the next year to serve as seedlings for the next production period.
(7) Flower and fruit management: spraying 950 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 700 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder once in the whole garden 1 month after the pineapple buds are extracted, then covering the fruits with 32cm × 26-30 cm-sized yellow-outside and black-inside double-layer paper bags for preventing sunburn, and covering the plants with a plastic film for preventing cold before frost comes in winter.
Example 5
A periodic production method for adjusting the production period of pineapples comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation and ridge raising: adopting double-row planting, digging planting ditches in the middle of the ridge along the direction of the ridge, wherein the width of the ridge is 0.9-1.0m, the width of the ditch is 50-60cm, and the large row spacing is 90-110 cm.
(2) Selecting seedlings: determining the specification of the seedling according to the pineapple variety and the planting time, and avoiding or reducing the influence of natural flower formation, wherein the pineapple variety is Tainong No. 16, the planting time is 4 last ten days, and the specification of the seedling is as follows: selecting the height of the sprout seedling of 35-40cm and the stem thickness of more than 3.0 cm.
(3) Planting: planting in the last ten days of spring planting in 4 months, selecting sunny planting, planting seedlings in different regions according to the sizes of the seedlings, uniformly stirring soil dug out from planting ditches and base fertilizers, backfilling, digging small holes according to the planting row spacing of 30-40cm multiplied by 40-50cm and the planting depth of 6-8cm, placing the seedlings, strengthening and returning the soil; each 667m22680 strains were planted.
(4) Fertilization management:
firstly, base fertilizer:
each 667m21600kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 43kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 27kg of compound fertilizer are applied as base fertilizers.
Top dressing in vegetative growth period:
after 4 months of field planting survival, fertilizing for the first time when the leaves turn green, and fertilizing every 667m2Applying 5.5kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 1.5kg of tea tree seed meal, 1.5kg of lemongrass residue and 2.5kg of grass peat; then fertilizing soil once every month, continuously fertilizing for 2 times, and fertilizing for 667m for the first time2Applying 5.2kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 1.5kg of tea tree seed meal and 2.5kg of lemongrass residue; every 667m for the second time25.7kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 8.5kg of potassium sulfate, 1.5kg of tea tree seed meal and 2.5kg of lemongrass residue are applied.
③ topdressing in other periods: applying the foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times every month 45 days after the survival of the planted pineapple and before the flower forcing, and spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the pineapple leaf surface each time; after fruits are harvested, spraying 0.3% potassium chloride solution and 0.9% urea solution on the surfaces of pineapple bud leaves every month, and continuously spraying for 2 times.
(5) Inducing and forcing flower: in the early morning or evening of a sunny day of 10 months in the year, calcium carbide aqua is used as a flower forcing medicament, the concentration is 24.0g/L, 25ml of each plant is filled, and the filling is carried out for 2 times at intervals of 4 days.
(6) Removing buds and keeping buds: removing the support bud growing on the fruit stem, and reserving 1-2 strong suckers for each plant as seedlings; and harvesting the bud seedlings 8 months before the next year to be used as seedlings for the next production period.
(7) Flower and fruit management: spraying 850 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 750 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder once in the whole garden 1 month after the pineapple buds are extracted, then covering the fruits with 32cm × 26-30 cm-sized yellow and black double-layer paper bags for preventing sunburn, and covering the plants with a plastic film for preventing cold before frost comes in winter.
Example 6
A periodic production method for adjusting the production period of pineapples comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation and ridge raising: adopting double-row planting, digging planting ditches in the middle of the ridge along the direction of the ridge, wherein the width of the ridge is 0.9-1.0m, the width of the ditch is 50-60cm, and the large row spacing is 90-110 cm.
(2) Selecting seedlings: determining the specification of the seedling according to the pineapple variety and the planting time, and avoiding or reducing the influence of natural flower formation, wherein the pineapple variety is Tainong No. 16, the planting time is 9 last ten days, and the specification of the seedling is as follows: selecting the height of the sprout seedling of the suckling bud with 30-35cm and the stem thickness of more than 2.5 cm.
(3) Planting: planting in the last ten days of autumn 9 months, selecting sunny days for planting, planting the seedlings in a partition mode according to the sizes of the seedlings, uniformly mixing soil dug out from planting ditches with base fertilizers, backfilling, digging small holes according to the planting row spacing of 30-40cm multiplied by 40-50cm and the planting depth of 6-8cm, placing the seedlings, strengthening the seedlings and returning the soil; each 667m22740 plants were planted.
(4) Fertilization management:
firstly, base fertilizer:
each 667m21900kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 47kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 23kg of compound fertilizer are applied as base fertilizers.
Top dressing in vegetative growth period:
filling the core with 400 times of solution of algin and 40 times of solution of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer 3 times in the next month after planting for 9 months, wherein each time is 21 days, and the dosage of each plant is 500 ml; the dark golden green liquid and the soluble organic fertilizer liquid are 200 times of the dark golden green liquid and 200 times of the soluble organic fertilizer liquid, and the dosage of each plant is 1100 ml; topdressing 1 time 2 months next year, each 667m25.8kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 8.5kg of potassium sulfate, 2.5kg of tea tree seed meal, 1.5kg of lemongrass residue and 2.8kg of grass peat are applied.
③ topdressing in other periods: applying the foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times every month 45 days after the survival of the planted pineapple and before the flower forcing, and spraying 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the pineapple leaf surface each time; after fruits are harvested, spraying 0.8% urea solution and 0.4% potassium chloride solution on the surfaces of pineapple bud leaves every month, and continuously spraying for 2 times.
(5) Inducing and forcing flower: in the morning or evening of 5 months in the next year, 40% ethephon water aqua is used as flower forcing agent with concentration of 1.1g/L, and 27ml of water is filled into each plant for 1 time.
(6) Removing buds and keeping buds: removing the support bud growing on the fruit stem, and reserving 1-2 strong suckers for each plant as seedlings; and (4) harvesting the bud seedlings 3 months before the next year to serve as seedlings for the next production period.
(7) Flower and fruit management: spraying 850 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder once in the whole garden 1 month after the pineapple buds are extracted, then covering the fruits with 32cm × 26-30 cm-sized yellow and black outer double-layer paper bags for preventing sunburn, and covering the plants with a plastic film for preventing cold before frost comes in winter.
Example 7
A periodic production method for adjusting the production period of pineapples comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation and ridge raising: adopting double-row planting, digging planting ditches in the middle of the ridge along the direction of the ridge, wherein the width of the ridge is 0.9-1.0m, the width of the ditch is 50-60cm, and the large row spacing is 90-110 cm.
(2) Selecting seedlings: determining the specification of the seedling according to the pineapple variety and the planting time, and avoiding or reducing the influence of natural flower formation, wherein the pineapple variety is Tainong No. 17, the planting time is 4 in mid-month, and the specification of the seedling is as follows: selecting the height of the sprout seedling of 35-40cm and the stem thickness of more than 3.0 cm.
(3) Planting: planting in the middle ten days of spring planting 4 months, selecting sunny days for planting, planting seedlings in different regions according to the sizes of the seedlings, uniformly stirring soil dug out from a planting ditch and a base fertilizer, backfilling, digging small holes according to the planting row spacing of 30-40cm multiplied by 40-50cm and the planting depth of 6-8cm, placing the seedlings, strengthening the seedlings, and returning the soil; each 667m22830 plants were planted.
(4) Fertilization management:
firstly, base fertilizer:
each 667m21500kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 45kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 25kg of compound fertilizer are applied as base fertilizers.
Top dressing in vegetative growth period:
after 4 months of field planting survival, fertilizing for the first time when the leaves turn green, and fertilizing every 667m2Applying 6.0kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 3.0kg of tea tree seed meal, 1.0kg of lemongrass residue and 3.0kg of grass peat; then fertilizing soil once every month, continuously fertilizing for 2 times, and fertilizing for 667m for the first time2Applying 5.0kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 1.0kg of tea tree seed meal and 3.0kg of lemongrass residue; every 667m for the second time25.0kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 10.0kg of potassium sulfate, 1.0kg of tea tree seed meal and 3.0kg of lemongrass residue are applied.
③ topdressing in other periods: applying the foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times every month 45 days after the survival of the planted pineapple and before the flower forcing, and spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the pineapple leaf surface each time; after fruits are harvested, spraying 0.7% urea solution and 0.4% potassium chloride solution on the surfaces of pineapple bud leaves every month, and continuously spraying for 2 times.
(5) Inducing and forcing flower: in the early morning or evening of a sunny day of 10 months in the year, calcium carbide aqua is used as a flower forcing medicament, the concentration is 20.0 g/L, 25ml of each plant is filled with cores, and the filling is carried out 2 times at intervals of 2 days.
(6) Removing buds and keeping buds: removing the support bud growing on the fruit stem, and reserving 1-2 strong suckers for each plant as seedlings; and harvesting the bud seedlings 8 months before the next year to be used as seedlings for the next production period.
(7) Flower and fruit management: after 1 month of bud drawing of pineapple, 900 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 750 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder are sprayed once in the whole garden, then, the fruit is covered with a 32 cm-26-30 cm-sized yellow-outside and black-inside double-layer paper bag for preventing sunburn, and before frost comes in winter, a plastic film is used for covering the plant for preventing cold.
Example 8
A periodic production method for adjusting the production period of pineapples comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation and ridge raising: adopting double-row planting, digging planting ditches in the middle of the ridge along the direction of the ridge, wherein the width of the ridge is 0.9-1.0m, the width of the ditch is 50-60cm, and the large row spacing is 90-110 cm.
(2) Selecting seedlings: determining the specification of the seedling according to the pineapple variety and the planting time, and avoiding or reducing the influence of natural flower formation, wherein the pineapple variety is Tainong No. 17, the planting time is 9 in the middle of the month, and the specification of the seedling is as follows: selecting the height of the sprout seedling of the suckling bud with 30-35cm and the stem thickness of more than 2.5 cm.
(3) Planting: planting in autumn 9-ten-month middle ten days, planting in sunny days, planting seedlings in different regions according to the sizes of the seedlings, uniformly mixing soil dug out from planting ditches with base fertilizer, backfilling, digging small holes according to the planting row spacing of 30-40cm multiplied by 40-50cm and the planting depth of 6-8cm, placing the seedlings, strengthening the seedlings and returning the soil; each 667m22550 plants were planted.
(4) Fertilization management:
firstly, base fertilizer:
each 667m21500kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 45kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 25kg of compound fertilizer are applied as base fertilizers.
Top dressing in vegetative growth period:
filling the core with 450 times of solution of algin and 35 times of solution of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer for 3 times in the next month after planting for 9 months, wherein each time is 18 days apart, and the dosage of each plant is 450 ml; 150 times of dark golden green liquid and 150 times of soluble organic fertilizer liquid are irrigated to roots in 12 months, and the dosage of each plant is 800 ml; topdressing 1 time 2 months next year, each 667m26.0kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 8.0kg of potassium sulfate, 3kg of tea tree seed meal, 1kg of lemongrass residue and 2kg of grass peat are applied.
③ topdressing in other periods: applying the foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times every month 45 days after the survival of the planted pineapple and before the flower forcing, and spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the pineapple leaf surface each time; after fruits are harvested, spraying 0.7% urea solution and 0.3% potassium chloride solution on the surfaces of pineapple bud leaves every month, and continuously spraying for 2 times.
(5) Inducing and forcing flower: in the morning or evening of 5 months in the next year, 40% ethephon water aqua is used as flower forcing agent with concentration of 0.8g/L, and 30ml of each plant is filled with core for 1 time.
(6) Removing buds and keeping buds: removing the support bud growing on the fruit stem, and reserving 1-2 strong suckers for each plant as seedlings; and (4) harvesting the bud seedlings 3 months before the next year to serve as seedlings for the next production period.
(7) Flower and fruit management: after 1 month after the buds of the pineapples are extracted, 900 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 700 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder are sprayed once in the whole garden, then the fruits are covered with 32 cm-26-30 cm-sized yellow-outside and black-inside double-layer paper bags for preventing sunburn, and before frost comes in winter, the plants are covered with a plastic film for preventing cold.
Example 9
A periodic production method for adjusting the production period of pineapples comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation and ridge raising: adopting double-row planting, digging planting ditches in the middle of the ridge along the direction of the ridge, wherein the width of the ridge is 0.9-1.0m, the width of the ditch is 50-60cm, and the large row spacing is 90-110 cm.
(2) Selecting seedlings: determining the specification of the seedling according to the pineapple variety and the planting time, and avoiding or reducing the influence of natural flower formation, wherein the pineapple variety is Philippine, the planting time is late 4 months, and the specification of the seedling is as follows: selecting the height of the sprout seedling of 35-40cm and the stem thickness of more than 3.0 cm.
(3) Planting: planting in late ten days of spring planting 4 months, selecting sunny planting, planting seedlings in different regions according to the sizes of the seedlings, uniformly mixing soil dug out from planting ditches with base fertilizer, backfilling, digging small holes according to the planting row spacing of 30-40cm multiplied by 40-50cm and the planting depth of 6-8cm, placing the seedlings, strengthening the seedlings and returning the soil; each 667m22470 plants were grown.
(4) Fertilization management:
firstly, base fertilizer:
each 667m22000kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 40kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 20kg of compound fertilizer are applied as base fertilizers.
Top dressing in vegetative growth period:
after 4 months of permanent planting and survival, when the leaves turn greenFertilizing for the first time, every 667m2Applying 5.0kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 1.0kg of tea tree seed meal, 3.0kg of lemongrass residue and 2.0kg of grass peat; then fertilizing soil once every month, continuously fertilizing for 2 times, and fertilizing for 667m for the first time2Applying 6.0kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 3.0kg of tea tree seed meal and 1.0kg of lemongrass residue; every 667m for the second time26.0kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 8.0kg of potassium sulfate, 3.0kg of tea tree seed meal and 1.0kg of lemongrass residue are applied.
③ topdressing in other periods: applying the foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times every month 45 days after the survival of the planted pineapple and before the flower forcing, and spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the pineapple leaf surface each time; after the fruits are harvested, spraying 0.5% urea solution and 0.5% potassium chloride solution on the surfaces of pineapple bud leaves every month, and continuously spraying for 2 times.
(5) Inducing and forcing flower: in the early morning or evening of a sunny day of 10 months in the year, 40% of ethephon water aqua is used as a flower forcing agent, the concentration is 1.2g/L, and 25ml of each plant is filled with the flower bud for 1 time.
(6) Removing buds and keeping buds: removing the support bud growing on the fruit stem, and reserving 1-2 strong suckers for each plant as seedlings; and harvesting the bud seedlings 8 months before the next year to be used as seedlings for the next production period.
(7) Flower and fruit management: spraying 800 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder once in the whole garden 1 month after the pineapple buds are extracted, then covering the fruits with 32cm × 26-30 cm-sized yellow-outside and black-inside double-layer paper bags for preventing sunburn, and covering the plants with a plastic film for preventing cold before frost comes in winter.
Example 10
A periodic production method for adjusting the production period of pineapples comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation and ridge raising: adopting double-row planting, digging planting ditches in the middle of the ridge along the direction of the ridge, wherein the width of the ridge is 0.9-1.0m, the width of the ditch is 50-60cm, and the large row spacing is 90-110 cm.
(2) Selecting seedlings: determining the specification of the seedling according to the pineapple variety and the planting time, and avoiding or reducing the influence of natural flower formation, wherein the pineapple variety is Philippine, the planting time is 9 Laetia, and the specification of the seedling is as follows: selecting the height of the sprout seedling of the suckling bud with 30-35cm and the stem thickness of more than 2.5 cm.
(3) Planting: planting in late autumn 9 months, selecting sunny days for planting, planting seedlings in different regions according to the sizes of the seedlings, uniformly mixing soil dug out from planting ditches with a base fertilizer, backfilling, digging small holes according to the planting row spacing of 30-40cm multiplied by 40-50cm and the planting depth of 6-8cm, placing the seedlings, strengthening the seedlings and returning the soil; each 667m23000 plants were planted.
(4) Fertilization management:
firstly, base fertilizer:
each 667m21500kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 50kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 30kg of compound fertilizer are applied as base fertilizers.
Top dressing in vegetative growth period:
filling the core with 300 times of solution of algin and 45 times of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer for 3 times in the next month after planting for 9 months, wherein each time is 22 days apart, and the dosage of each plant is 550 ml; 250 times of dark golden green liquid and 250 times of soluble organic fertilizer liquid are irrigated to roots in 12 months, and the using amount of each plant is 1200 ml; topdressing 1 time 2 months next year, each 667m25.0kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 10.0kg of potassium sulfate, 1kg of tea tree seed meal, 3kg of lemongrass residue and 3kg of grass peat are applied.
③ topdressing in other periods: applying the foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times every month 45 days after the survival of the planted pineapple and before the flower forcing, and spraying 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the pineapple leaf surface each time; after the fruits are harvested, spraying 1.0% urea solution and 0.3% potassium chloride solution on the surfaces of pineapple bud leaves every month, and continuously spraying for 2 times.
(5) Inducing and forcing flower: in the early morning or evening of a sunny day of the next 5 months, calcium carbide aqua is used as a flower forcing medicament, the concentration is 25.0g/L, 25ml of the calcium carbide aqua is filled in each plant, and the filling is carried out for 2 times at intervals of 5 days.
(6) Removing buds and keeping buds: removing the support bud growing on the fruit stem, and reserving 1-2 strong suckers for each plant as seedlings; and (4) harvesting the bud seedlings 3 months before the next year to serve as seedlings for the next production period.
(7) Flower and fruit management: spraying 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 750 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder once in the whole garden 1 month after the pineapple buds are extracted, then covering the fruits with 32cm × 26-30 cm-sized yellow-outside and black-inside double-layer paper bags for preventing sunburn, and covering the plants with a plastic film for preventing cold before frost comes in winter.
Statistics were carried out on the production of pineapples according to examples 1-10 of the present invention, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 pineapple planting production of the invention
Figure BDA0002117591790000151
As can be seen from Table 2, the time from planting to harvesting of the method of the present invention is 12-13 months, which is reduced by 5-6 months compared with 18 months of the conventional method; the fruit harvesting time of the method is 4-5 months and 9-10 months, the summer 7-8 months of intensively ripening tropical bulk fruits is avoided, and the method is favorable for improving the competitive advantage of pineapples in domestic and foreign trades; the natural flower forming rate of the pineapples planted in autumn is controlled to be below 30%, the small fruit rate of the pineapples can be effectively reduced, and the commodity fruit rate of the pineapples is improved; the commodity fruit rate of the pineapples planted by the method is more than 95 percent and is far higher than that of pineapples planted by the traditional method.
By adopting the method, the time to market (1-3 months and 7-8 months) is concentrated in the main pineapple production area in China, the production period is adjusted to the target expected time (4-5 months and 9-10 months) to market, meanwhile, the commodity fruit rate of the pineapples is over 95 percent, and the quality is greatly improved. Moreover, the pineapple planted in spring in the current year in 3-4 months absorbs bud seedlings, and seedlings are harvested in the next year in 8-9 months for autumn planting production; the pineapple planted in autumn in 8-9 months of the year is germinated by absorbing buds, and seedlings are harvested in 3-4 months of the next year, so that the pineapple planted in autumn can be used for spring planting production, and the continuity of the industrial production period is ensured.

Claims (6)

1. A periodic production method for adjusting the production period of pineapples is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) soil preparation and ridge raising: adopting double-row planting, digging planting ditches in the middle of the ridge along the direction of the ridge, wherein the width of the ridge is 0.9-1.0m, the width of the ditch is 50-60cm, and the row spacing is 90-110 cm;
(2) selecting seedlings: determining the specification of the seedling according to the pineapple varieties and the planting time, and avoiding or reducing the influence of natural flowering, wherein the pineapple varieties comprise Philippines, Tainong No. 16, Tainong No. 17, Tainong No. 21 and golden pineapples, the planting time is 3-4 months or 8-9 months, and the specification of the seedling is as follows:
firstly, the philippine pineapple: selecting the height of the sprout-sucking seedling in 3-4 months and the stem thickness of the sprout-sucking seedling is more than 3.0 cm; selecting the height of the sprout-sucking seedling in 8-9 months and the stem thickness of the sprout-sucking seedling is more than 30-35 cm;
② Tainong No. 16 pineapple: selecting the height of the sprout-sucking seedling in 3-4 months and the stem thickness of the sprout-sucking seedling is more than 3.0 cm; selecting the height of the sprout-sucking seedling in 8-9 months and the stem thickness of the sprout-sucking seedling is more than 30-35 cm;
③ Tainong No. 17 pineapple: selecting the height of the sprout-sucking seedling in 3-4 months and the stem thickness of the sprout-sucking seedling is more than 3.0 cm; selecting the height of the sprout-sucking seedling in 8-9 months and the stem thickness of the sprout-sucking seedling is more than 30-35 cm;
fourthly, Tainong No. 21 pineapple: selecting the height of the sprout-sucking seedling in 3-4 months and the stem thickness of the sprout-sucking seedling is more than 3.0 cm; selecting the height of the seedling of the suckling bud in 8-9 months and the stem thickness of the seedling of the suckling bud of more than 25-30 cm;
fifthly, pineapple: selecting the height of the sprout-sucking seedling in 3-4 months and the stem thickness of the sprout-sucking seedling is more than 3.0 cm; selecting the height of the seedling of the suckling bud in 8-9 months and the stem thickness of the seedling of the suckling bud of more than 25-30 cm;
(3) planting: planting for 3-4 months in spring or 8-9 months in autumn, selecting sunny planting, planting seedlings in different regions according to the size of the seedlings, uniformly mixing soil dug out from the planting ditch with base fertilizer, backfilling, digging small holes, placing the seedlings, strengthening the body, and returning the soil;
(4) fertilization management:
firstly, base fertilizer:
each 667m2Applying 1500-2000kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 40-50kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 20-30kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer as base fertilizers;
top dressing in vegetative growth period:
topdressing in the vegetative growth period of spring planting: after 3-4 months of permanent planting survival, fertilizing for the first time when the leaves turn green, wherein the fertilizer is applied every 667m2Applying 5.0-6.0kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 1.0-3.0kg of tea tree seed meal, 1.0-3.0kg of lemongrass residue and 2.0-3.0 kg of grass carbon; then fertilizing soil once every month, continuously fertilizing for 2 times, and fertilizing for 667m for the first time2Applying 5.0-6.0kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 1.0-3.0kg of tea tree seed meal and lemongrass residue1.0-3.0 kg; every 667m for the second time2Applying 5.0-6.0kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 8.0-10.0kg of potassium sulfate, 1.0-3.0kg of tea tree seed meal and 1.0-3.0kg of lemongrass residue;
II, topdressing in the vegetative growth period of autumn planting: in the next month after the permanent planting in 8-9 months, filling the core for 3 times by using 300 times of phycoerythrin plus 450 times of liquid and 35-45 times of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, wherein the interval is 18-22 days every time, and the dosage of each plant is 550ml plus 450 times of liquid; 150 times of the 150-fold liquid of the dark gold green after 12 months of root irrigation, wherein the dosage of each plant is 800-1200 ml; topdressing 1 time 2 months next year, each 667m2Applying 5.0-6.0kg of urea, 10.0kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 8.0-10.0kg of potassium sulfate, 1-3kg of tea tree seed meal, 1-3kg of lemongrass residue and 2-3kg of turf;
③ topdressing in other periods: applying the foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times every month from the survival of the planted pineapple to 45 days before flower forcing, and spraying 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the pineapple leaf surface each time; after fruits are harvested, spraying 0.5-1.0% urea solution and 0.3-0.5% potassium chloride solution on the surfaces of pineapple bud leaves every month, and continuously spraying for 2 times;
(5) inducing and forcing flower: filling with ethephon aqua or calcium carbide aqua as flower forcing agent in the early morning or evening of sunny day of 4-5 months or 9-10 months;
(6) removing buds and keeping buds: removing the support bud growing on the fruit stem, and reserving 1-2 strong suckers for each plant as seedlings; harvesting bud seedlings of the plants planted in spring in 3-4 months before 8 months of the next year to serve as seedlings in the next production period; harvesting bud seedlings of the plants planted in autumn in 8-9 months before 3 months in the next year to serve as seedlings in the next production period;
(7) flower and fruit management: spraying a bactericide once in the whole garden 1 month after the buds of the pineapples are extracted, then covering the fruits with a shielding object to prevent the fruits from being scorched, and covering the plants with a plastic film to prevent the plants from being cold-proof before frost comes in winter.
2. The cyclic production method for adjusting the pineapple production period according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the row spacing of the plants is 30-40cm x 40-50cm, the planting depth is 6-8cm, and each 667m is22470-3000 strain was grown.
3. The cyclic production method for adjusting the pineapple production period according to claim 1, wherein the pineapple planted in the spring of 3-4 months induces flower forcing in the current 9-10 months and the pineapple planted in the autumn of 8-9 months induces flower forcing in the next 4-5 months.
4. The periodic production method for adjusting the pineapple production period according to claim 1, wherein 40% ethephon water is used as a flower forcing agent, the concentration is 0.8-1.2g/L, each plant is filled with 25-30ml of core for 1 time, or the ethephon water is used as a flower forcing agent, the concentration is 20.0-25.0g/L, each plant is filled with 25ml of core for 2-5 days at intervals.
5. The periodic production method for adjusting the pineapple production period as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bactericide is a 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800-.
6. The cyclic production method for regulating the season of pineapple as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (7), the anti-sunburn is carried out by covering the fruit with a double-layered paper bag of yellow outside and black inside, the size of which is 32cm x 26-30 cm.
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