Method for preparing electrode for vanadium battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of an electrode material of a vanadium battery, in particular to a method for preparing an electrode for the vanadium battery.
Background
The vanadium redox battery is a cleaner battery system suitable for large-scale energy storage, and basically comprises key materials such as an end plate, a bipolar plate, an electrode, a diaphragm and the like. As one of the most important components of vanadium batteries, the electrodes and their associated characteristics, including cost and processing, have become key aspects of vanadium battery system research and development. In the development process of a vanadium electrode, researchers carry out detailed research on metal materials, graphite plates, carbon electrodes and the like, and at present, polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber felts are the most commonly used electrode materials of vanadium batteries, but the polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber felts cannot meet the requirements of the vanadium batteries, and the main reasons are as follows: firstly, the carbon fiber felt supplied in the market at present is not specially produced for the vanadium battery, so the activity of the carbon fiber felt in the battery is poor, and the surface of the graphite felt needs to be treated before use so as to improve the performance of the graphite felt. Common graphite felt treatment methods include metal ion modification, acid treatment, heat treatment, ammoniation treatment, electrochemical treatment, comprehensive treatment and the like. The mature treatment method capable of industrial production has the defects of large environmental pollution, difficult operation, high heat treatment energy consumption, the two methods can damage the graphite layer structure on the surface of the carbon fiber felt while increasing the activity of the carbon fiber felt, so that the conductivity of the carbon fiber felt is reduced, impurity elements which are unfavorable for the performance of the vanadium battery are easily introduced by metal modification, and the industrial production is difficult to realize by plasma treatment and ammoniation treatment. And secondly, the carbon fiber felt is expensive, and the cost is greatly increased through activation treatment before use. With the development of the vanadium redox battery, the vanadium redox battery is expected to enter the market, the price is a relatively critical factor, and the price of the vanadium redox battery is reduced, so that the development of the vanadium redox battery is powerfully promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing an electrode for a vanadium battery, which has low manufacturing cost and does not need post-treatment.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the method for preparing the electrode for the vanadium redox battery comprises the following steps of:
a. pretreatment of the carbon nano tube: selecting a multi-walled carbon nanotube, soaking the multi-walled carbon nanotube in 5% of hydrogen peroxide by mass, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 5-8 hours at normal temperature, and then carrying out centrifugal treatment; and then leaching the carbon nano tube with distilled water for 2-3 times, drying, and soaking the dried carbon nano tube in a solution with a solid-liquid volume ratio of 1: 2-5 of mixed acid liquor of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, then carrying out normal-temperature ultrasonic treatment for 6-10 hours, then adding distilled water with the volume 3-5 times of that of the solid-liquid mixture for dilution, standing until the carbon nano tubes are completely precipitated, and carrying out solid-liquid separation;
repeating the operation steps, namely adding distilled water with the volume being 3-5 times of that of the solid-liquid mixture for dilution, standing until the carbon nano tube is completely precipitated, performing solid-liquid separation for 2-3 times, and drying the carbon nano tube at 70-90 ℃;
b. preparation of vanadium oxide gel: taking high-purity vanadium pentoxide, and mixing the materials according to a solid-liquid volume ratio of 1: adding sulfuric acid with the concentration of 98% according to the proportion of 1-3, then adding distilled water with the volume 5-10 times of that of concentrated sulfuric acid, stirring at the rotating speed of 10-30 revolutions per second until the system is cooled to the room temperature, drying at the temperature of 50-65 ℃, and grinding;
c. blending of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with carbon nanotubes and the like: selecting an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with the vinyl acetate content of less than 20%, and then mixing the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer: carbon nanotube: vanadium oxide gel: the mass ratio of the foaming agents is 100: 50-70: 1-3: 5-10, firstly, uniformly mixing the carbon nano tube, the vanadium oxide gel and the foaming agent to prepare a carbon nano tube mixture, then sequentially adding the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and the carbon nano tube mixture for refining for 15-30 minutes, and then, carrying out sheet feeding and crushing by using double rollers;
d. foaming of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and carbon nanotube blends: and c, taking a proper amount of the blend prepared in the step c, then placing the blend into a mold with the electrode size and thickness required by the assembled vanadium battery, foaming the blend for 15-30 minutes at the temperature of 160-190 ℃, cooling the blend to room temperature, standing the blend for 24-36 hours at the normal temperature, and taking the blend out to obtain the product.
Further, in the step a, the length-diameter ratio of the multi-walled carbon nanotube is 50-80.
Further, in the step a, the solid-liquid volume ratio range between the multi-walled carbon nanotube and hydrogen peroxide is 1: 2 to 5.
Further, in the mixed acid solution of the concentrated sulfuric acid and the concentrated nitric acid in the step a, the mass fraction of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 98%, and the mass fraction of the concentrated nitric acid is 60%.
Further, in the step a, the volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to concentrated nitric acid is 3: 1.
further, in the step c, the foaming agent is an azo compound or sulfonyl hydrazide compound foaming agent.
Furthermore, in the step c, the upper roll temperature of the double rolls used for sheet discharging and crushing is 70-90 ℃, and the distance between the rolls is 1-2 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the technical advantages of the invention are very obvious: firstly, the price is low, and the preparation is simple: compared with the prior art that the carbon fiber felt is used for activating the electrode, the method can be put into use only by one-time production, and has the advantages of simple production and low energy consumption. In the traditional scheme, because the graphitization procedure of the carbon fiber felt is extremely difficult to control, the requirements on the reaction temperature and the atmosphere condition are very strict, and the secondary activation treatment of the traditional scheme also correspondingly increases the cost and the environmental pollution; secondly, the formula and the functional group are easily adjusted according to different requirements of the vanadium battery: the carbon nano tube and the vanadium oxide in the method provided by the invention can be replaced by other conductive substances such as graphene, bismuth oxide and the like, and the formula and the matrix material can be directly replaced according to requirements to realize preparation as required; thirdly, the introduction amount of the active functional group is large and easy to control; and fourthly, the conductivity of the prepared product is easier to control. The method is particularly suitable for preparing the electrode for the vanadium battery.
Detailed Description
The method for preparing the electrode for the vanadium redox battery comprises the following steps of: a. pretreatment of the carbon nano tube: selecting a multi-walled carbon nanotube, soaking the multi-walled carbon nanotube in 5% of hydrogen peroxide by mass, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 5-8 hours at normal temperature, and then carrying out centrifugal treatment; and then leaching the carbon nano tube with distilled water for 2-3 times, drying, and soaking the dried carbon nano tube in a solution with a solid-liquid volume ratio of 1: 2-5 of mixed acid liquor of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, then carrying out normal-temperature ultrasonic treatment for 6-10 hours, then adding distilled water with the volume 3-5 times of that of the solid-liquid mixture for dilution, standing until the carbon nano tubes are completely precipitated, and carrying out solid-liquid separation; repeating the operation steps, namely adding distilled water with the volume being 3-5 times of that of the solid-liquid mixture for dilution, standing until the carbon nano tube is completely precipitated, performing solid-liquid separation for 2-3 times, and drying the carbon nano tube at 70-90 ℃; b. preparation of vanadium oxide gel: taking high-purity vanadium pentoxide, and mixing the materials according to a solid-liquid volume ratio of 1: adding sulfuric acid with the concentration of 98% according to the proportion of 1-3, then adding distilled water with the volume 5-10 times of that of concentrated sulfuric acid, stirring at the rotating speed of 10-30 revolutions per second until the system is cooled to the room temperature, drying at the temperature of 50-65 ℃, and grinding; c. blending of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with carbon nanotubes and the like: selecting an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with the vinyl acetate content of less than 20%, and then mixing the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer: carbon nanotube: vanadium oxide gel: the mass ratio of the foaming agents is 100: 50-70: 1-3: 5-10, firstly, uniformly mixing the carbon nano tube, the vanadium oxide gel and the foaming agent to obtain a carbon nano tube mixture, then sequentially adding the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and the carbon nano tube mixture for refining for 15-30 minutes, and then, carrying out sheet discharging and crushing by using double rollers.
d. Foaming of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and carbon nanotube blends: and c, taking a proper amount of the blend prepared in the step c, then placing the blend into a mold with the electrode size and thickness required by the assembled vanadium battery, foaming the blend for 15-30 minutes at the temperature of 160-190 ℃, cooling the blend to room temperature, standing the blend for 24-36 hours at the normal temperature, and taking the blend out to obtain the product.
Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, also known as EVA, generally has a vinyl acetate content of less than 20% and is satisfactory. In the actual production, the following detailed preferred schemes are provided: in the step a, the length-diameter ratio of the multi-walled carbon nanotube is 50-80; in the step a, the solid-liquid volume ratio range between the multi-walled carbon nanotube and hydrogen peroxide is 1: 2 to 5. For the mixed acid solution, in the mixed acid solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, the mass fraction of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 98%, and the mass fraction of the concentrated nitric acid is 60%. Further, in step a, preferably, the volume ratio between the concentrated sulfuric acid and the concentrated nitric acid is 3: 1. in step c, the foaming agent is preferably an azo compound or a sulfonyl hydrazide compound. In addition, in the step c, the upper roll temperature of the double rolls used for sheet discharging and crushing is 70-90 ℃, and the distance between the rolls is 1-2 mm.
Examples
Example 1
And b, uniformly mixing 50g of the carbon nano tube treated in the step a, 1g of the vanadium oxidation method gel obtained in the step b and 5g of an azo compound foaming agent, mixing at the temperature of 70 ℃ between two rollers, the distance between the rollers is 1mm, and the EVA100g for 3 minutes, adding a carbon nano tube mixture, refining for 15 minutes, crushing the refined mixture, placing the crushed mixture into a mold, foaming at the temperature of 165 ℃ for 25 minutes, cooling, and standing for 24 hours, wherein the current efficiency of the assembled vanadium battery is 90.1%, and the voltage efficiency is 85.4%.
Example 2
And (b) uniformly mixing 60g of carbon nanotubes treated in the step a, 1g of vanadium oxidation gel treated in the step b and 8g of azo compound foaming agent, mixing at the temperature of 80 ℃ between two rollers and the distance of 1.2mm between the rollers and 100g of EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), adding a carbon nanotube mixture, refining for 17 minutes, crushing the refined mixture, placing the crushed mixture into a mold, foaming at the temperature of 170 ℃ for 25 minutes, cooling and standing for 30 hours, wherein the current efficiency of the assembled vanadium battery is 91.3 percent and the voltage efficiency is 86.4 percent.
Example 3
Uniformly mixing 70g of carbon nano tubes treated in the step a, 1g of vanadium oxidation gel treated in the step b and 9g of azo compound foaming agent, mixing at the temperature of 90 ℃ between two rollers and the distance of 1.5mm between the rollers and EVA100g for 3 minutes, adding the carbon nano tube mixture, refining for 27 minutes, crushing the refined mixture, placing the crushed mixture into a mold, foaming at the temperature of 180 ℃ for 15 minutes, cooling and standing for 36 hours, wherein the current efficiency of the assembled vanadium battery is 92.3 percent and the voltage efficiency is 86.9 percent
The electrode for the vanadium battery prepared by the embodiment is low in price, simple to prepare and quite obvious in technical advantage.