CN106718529A - A kind of best fruiting period walnut grafting high and changing head method - Google Patents
A kind of best fruiting period walnut grafting high and changing head method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106718529A CN106718529A CN201611069982.5A CN201611069982A CN106718529A CN 106718529 A CN106718529 A CN 106718529A CN 201611069982 A CN201611069982 A CN 201611069982A CN 106718529 A CN106718529 A CN 106718529A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of best fruiting period walnut grafting high and changing head method, the root system that reconfiguration walnut is treated after fruit harvesting is pruned；Reconfiguration walnut is treated before Second Year rudiment carries out debranching treatment；Young sprout growth period after Second Year rudiment, according to will use it is tree-like select and remain, cultivate major branch, while retaining multiple branches as auxiliary support branch；Before and after walnut rudiment in 3rd year, by scion grafting on the major branch of selected and remain culture, and the most prosperous auxiliary support branch of growth is removed；During the 3rd year summer management, the branch that will be sprouted in scion all retains and prevents it from scraping folding by wind, while suppressing auxiliary support branch growth；During the 3rd year winter management, all of auxiliary support branch is removed, the branch sprouted in scion is pruned and managed by skeleton branch, that is, complete the grafting high and changing head of best fruiting period walnut.The graft survival rate that can make the best fruiting period big tree particularly tree of the poor trees in richful production period of land occupation condition and the age of tree more than 15 years using the method reaches 100%, and grafting tree robust growth.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit-tree grafting method field, and in particular to a kind of best fruiting period walnut grafting high and changing head method.
Background technology
At present, the method that walnut grafting high and changing head is typically used is 10 days before grafting, tree crown all to be removed, and uses slotting pico farad
Or slotting skin whip graft or other methods carry out grafting, the branches and leaves sprouted in scion, stock are only retained in summer management（Veteran）On
The branches and leaves of sprouting all remove.The advantage of the method is to change that head is fast, change head thoroughly, and 2-3 just can recover tree crown, but the method only to children
Tree or just fruiting period tree is preferable, to the trees in richful production period especially poor trees in richful production period of land occupation condition and the larger tree application effect of the age of tree
And it is bad, grafting tree grows weak or even dead when carrying out reconfiguration using the method to these trees.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of best fruiting period walnut grafting high and changing head method, using the method the best fruiting period can be made big
The graft survival rate for setting the particularly tree of the poor trees in richful production period of land occupation condition and the age of tree more than 15 years reaches 100%, and transfers
Connect the robust growth of tree.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of best fruiting period walnut grafting high and changing head
Method, comprises the following steps：（1）The root system that reconfiguration walnut is treated after fruit harvesting is pruned, and reduces root system volume, is promoted
Enter new root；（2）Reconfiguration walnut is treated before Second Year rudiment carries out debranching treatment, the core for trunk no more than 1.5 meters
Peach（Including the good walnut of tree structure, the conventional tree-like knot of layer shape, spindle, natural open centre shape is such as dredged using coronule
The walnut of structure, the laissez-faire tree also including negligence of management, that is, plant after negligence of management, be allowed to free growing tree）, according to will
The tree structure of use, select and remain major branch and retains 15-35cm by each major branch, and remaining whole amputates；For trunk more than 1.5 meters
Walnut only retains 1.4-1.6 meters（Wherein walnut of the trunk height between 1.5-1.6 meters, the height for retaining trunk is not low
In 1.4 meters, i.e., in the range of 1.4-1.6 meters）Trunk high, remaining whole is amputated；（3）Young sprout growth period after Second Year rudiment
Between, according to will use it is tree-like select and remain, cultivate major branch, while retaining multiple branches as auxiliary support branch；（4）3rd year walnut
Before and after rudiment, by scion grafting on the major branch of selected and remain culture, and the most prosperous auxiliary support branch of growth is removed；（5）3rd year summer
When pruning fruit tree is managed, the branch that will be sprouted in scion all retains and prevents it from scraping folding by wind, while suppressing auxiliary support branch growth；
（6）When winter pruning fruit tree is managed within 3rd year, all of auxiliary support branch is removed, the branch sprouted in scion is pruned by skeleton branch
And management, that is, complete the grafting high and changing head of best fruiting period walnut.
Preferably, step（1）The step of to root system pruning is：Treating around reconfiguration walnut away from trunk 1.4-1.6 meters（Enter
Preferably 1.5 meters of one step）35-45cm wide, a depth 60-70cm outwards dig in place（Further preferred width 40cm, depth 60cm）Annular
Ditch, the tree root that will be run into all is cut（It is preferred that being completely cured at 1.5 meters of trunk）And cut flat wound, afterwards with 50kg organic fertilizers,
During 0.5kg urea, 1.0kg potassium sulfates and 2kg calcium superphosphate mixs with soil and inserts annular ditch, and pour permeable, finally with mulch film general
Annular ditch and tree disk covering.
Preferably, step（2）In, the walnut for trunk no more than 1.5 meters, according to the tree structure that will be used,
Select and remain major branch and by each major branch retain 20-30cm；Walnut for trunk more than 1,5 meter only retains 1.5 meters of trunks high, remaining
All amputate.
Preferably, step（3）Concrete operations be：Young sprout growth period after Second Year rudiment, treats 1 meter of reconfiguration walnut
The young sprout sent on following trunk is all removed, and removes the overstocked young sprout that remaining position sends, tree-like according to what will be used
Select and remain, cultivate major branch, the growth angle of the major branch that makes to select and remain is identical with the growth angle of the tree-like required major branch that will be used,
And remaining not removed young sprout is all pulled to level as auxiliary support branch.
Preferably, step（4）Described in method by scion grafting on the major branch of selected and remain culture for cortex grafting method or
Insert skin tongue grafting.
Preferably, step（5）Described in suppress the method for auxiliary support branch growth to draw branch, girdling or thin branch.
Beneficial effect：The present invention was pruned before grafting to root system, reduced the volume of root system, promoted new root new root
Growth, while the root for retaining can absorb enough moisture, nutrient supplies aerial growth, coordinates debranching treatment to maintain tree body ground
The equilibrium relation of upper underground, grafting scion on the shoot that selection grows on veteran, wound is small, bleeding is few, improves single and transfers
Power is connected into, the branches and leaves for carrying out retaining when tree body is managed stock sprouting after grafting carry out nutrition tree body, and scion is gradually dredged again after growing up
Except these auxiliary support branches, each step is engaged the shortcoming for overcoming conventional method, simplifies operating procedure, reduce influence grafting into
The factor of motility rate, improves graft survival rate, graft survival rate is reached 100%, promotes the robust growth of grafting tree, especially
Be to the age of tree more than life in 15 years（Including 15 years）Veteran and soil layer be relatively thin, the poor Sheng of land occupation condition such as rich water is not enough really
Phase tree survival rate also has remarkable result；In addition, can be selected to keep original tree according to the wish of operating personnel using the method
Shape structure is transformed tree structure, to improve walnut yield.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
A kind of best fruiting period walnut grafting high and changing head method, comprises the following steps：
Step one, the root system for treating after fruit harvesting reconfiguration walnut are pruned, and reduce root system volume, promote new root life
It is long；
Treating reconfiguration walnut before step 2, Second Year rudiment carries out debranching treatment, the walnut for trunk no more than 1.5 meters
Tree, according to the tree structure that will be used, each major branch retains 15-35cm, and remaining whole is amputated；For trunk more than 1.5 meters
Walnut only retains 1.4-1.6 meters of trunk high, and remaining whole is amputated；Debranching treatment cooperation root system pruning makes above and below ground still keep
Balance, and promotes its bar that sends forth branches, and is carried out before selection Second Year rudiment, and now old root wound has healed and grown new root,
And now temperature is relatively low, debranching bleeding is less, and nutrient loss is few, bud sprout after again debranching then bleeding is more, nutrient loss is more, no
Beneficial to robust plant growth；
It is as step one and the preferred scheme of step 2, the step of to root system pruning：Treating around reconfiguration walnut away from trunk
1.4-1.6 meters（Further preferred 1.5 meters）35-45cm wide, a depth 60-70cm outwards dig in place（Further preferred width 40cm, depth
60cm）Annular ditch, the tree root that will run into all cuts（It is preferred that being completely cured at 1.5 meters of trunk）And cut flat wound, Zhi Houyong
During 50kg organic fertilizers, 0.5kg urea, 1.0kg potassium sulfates and 2kg calcium superphosphate mix with soil and inserts annular ditch, and pour permeable, most
Annular ditch and tree disk are covered with mulch film afterwards；In debranching treatment, for trunk no more than 1.5 meters of walnut, according to will adopt
Tree structure, select and remain major branch and by each major branch retain 20-30cm；Walnut for trunk more than 1,5 meters only retains 1.5
Rice trunk high, remaining whole is amputated；It should be noted that the effect for digging annular ditch has two, one is conveniently to be completely cured, and can not broken
Bad walnut Main Underground reduces root system volume in the case of wanting root system, two is convenient fertilising；And at trunk 1.4-1.6 meters outwards
Annular ditch is dug because closely then hindering root too much excessively away from trunk, is unfavorable for the Second Year growth of tree, root is then removed very little too far away from trunk,
And Second Year aerial part debranching is too many, ground, underground imbalance are easily caused, tree is easily weak or even dead；The depth of annular ditch
The old root of major part that digging will can horizontally outward stretch to 60-70cm is cut, and coordinates width to meet fertilising needs again, further promotees
Enter new root, and select the fertilizer ratio and coordinate the above to be completely cured, debranching treatment, whole walnut can be made retentively to go up,
The balance of underground, makes walnut robust growth；Covering with plastic film can also improve the soil moisture in addition to it can reduce evaporation, increase
Plus the activity of root, promote to hinder root healing and improve soil microbial activities, promote organic fertilizer to decompose；
Young sprout growth period after step 3, Second Year rudiment, according to will use it is tree-like select and remain, cultivate major branch, while retaining
Multiple branches are used as auxiliary support branch；Preferably, young sprout growth period after rudiment, treats and sent out on the reconfiguration walnut following trunks of 100cm
The young sprout that goes out all is removed, and removes the overstocked young sprout that remaining position sends, and tree-like selected and remain, is cultivated master according to what will be used
Branch, the growth angle of the major branch that makes to select and remain with will use it is tree-like required by major branch growth angle it is identical, and by remaining not
Removed young sprout is all pulled to level as auxiliary support branch；
Before and after step 4, walnut rudiment in the 3rd year, by scion grafting on the major branch of selected and remain culture, and it is most prosperous to remove growth
Auxiliary support branch；Further, the method by scion grafting on the major branch of selected and remain culture can be cortex grafting method or slotting skin tongue
Connection；
When step 5, summer pruning fruit tree management in the 3rd year, the branch that will be sprouted in scion all retains and prevents it from being scraped by wind
Folding, while suppressing auxiliary support branch growth；Further, can prevent the branch sprouted in scion from scraping folding by wind by bondage, using drawing
The method of branch, girdling or thin branch suppresses the growth of the auxiliary support branch of influence scion growth；
When step 6, winter pruning fruit tree management in the 3rd year, all of auxiliary support branch is removed, the branch sprouted in scion presses skeleton branch
Pruned and managed, that is, completed the grafting high and changing head of best fruiting period walnut.
Embodiment 1：Place is the medium examination of soil fertility at Bai Xiang towns Nan Wang villages of Henan, China Jiaozuo City Qinyang City one
Test field, selection treats that reconfiguration walnut is 45 15 years raw walnuts, and tree structure is good, and trunk is no more than 1.5 meters, adopts
Reconfiguration is carried out with the following method：
Step one, First Year autumn are 9-10 months, after fruit harvesting, the Trees of Walnut to needing reconfiguration, at 1.5 meters of trunk
An annular ditch wide 40 centimetres, deep 60 centimetres is outwards dug, all walnut tree roots that will be run into are cut and cut flat wound, afterwards with 50
Kilogram high-quality organic fertilizer, 0.5 kilogram of urea, 1.0 kilograms of potassium sulfates, 2 kilograms of calcium superphosphate are mixed with soil, are inserted in ditch, are irrigated
Water, is finally covered with mulch film Jiang Gou and tree disk；
Step 2, before Second Year March（By 2 month last day）, according to original tree structure（Select not changing tree-like knot
Structure）, each major branch retains 20-30cm, and remaining whole is amputated；
The summer of step 3, Second Year, to the young sprout sent on grafting tree, the young sprout sent on less than 1 meter trunk all removes,
The young sprout that remaining position sends, overstocked removes, remaining reservation.Young sprout growth period notes selecting and remain, cultivating major branch according to tree-like,
Major branch is set to retain due growth angle（Growth angle i.e. with the major branch required by original tree structure is identical）, such as use
Coronule dredge layer shape just it is noted that selecting and remain, cultivate ground floor major branch and central authorities leader is dry, the major branch done as central authorities leader should be uprightly
Upwards, ground floor major branch base angle retains 60 degree or so）, remaining branch makees auxiliary support branch and is pulled to level without exception；
Before and after step 4, spring walnut germination in the 3rd year（Mid or late March is to early April）Using common cortex grafting method or slotting skin
Tongue grafting grafting improved seeds on selected major branch branch, while removing the 2-3 most prosperous auxiliary support branch of growth, remaining auxiliary support branch is protected
Stay；
Retain the branch of all sproutings in scion when step 5, the 3rd year summer management, and reinforcement is managed it, preventing and treating is scraped by wind
Folding.Auxiliary support branch to retaining will suppress its growth, and the auxiliary support branch of all influence scion growths can be used draws branch, girdling or thin branch
Method weakens its growth；
Step 6, the 3rd year winter remove all reserved auxiliary support branches, the branch sprouted in scion by skeleton branch prune and
Management.
Through investigation, 45 trees of grafting all survive, i.e. survival rate 100%, and scion robust growth, grafting forms flower then
Bud, next year yields positive results, and another year tree crown recovers original size.
Embodiment 2：Place is located at Yangchuan village on the area just outside a city gate town of Henan, China Luoyang City Xinan County, and the plot is arid hills
Ground, soil fertility is poor, and selection treats that reconfiguration walnut is 89 18 years raw walnuts, because early stage is based on being a farmer,
Cause trunk higher（Substantially 2 meters have been above）, tree structure is bad, and orchard is closed, as a result few, and poor quality, fruit picking is difficult, uses
Following method carries out reconfiguration：
Step one, First Year autumn are 9-10 months, after fruit harvesting, the Trees of Walnut to needing reconfiguration, at 1.5 meters of trunk
An annular ditch wide 40 centimetres, deep 60 centimetres is outwards dug, all walnut tree roots that will be run into are cut and cut flat wound, afterwards with 50
Kilogram high-quality organic fertilizer, 0.5 kilogram of urea, 1.0 kilograms of potassium sulfates, 2 kilograms of calcium superphosphate are mixed with soil, are inserted in ditch, are irrigated
Water, is finally covered with mulch film Jiang Gou and tree disk；
Step 2, before Second Year March（By 2 month last day）, it has been above 2 meters substantially because of trunk, thus trunk is sawed-off, only
Retain 1.5 meters of trunks high（Prepare to use pre-designed tree structure）；
The summer of step 3, Second Year, to the young sprout sent on grafting tree, the young sprout sent on less than 1 meter trunk all removes,
The young sprout that remaining position sends, overstocked removes, remaining reservation.Young sprout growth period notes selecting and remain, cultivating major branch according to tree-like,
Make to select and remain major branch growth angle it is identical with the growth angle of the tree-like required major branch that will be used, layer is such as dredged using coronule
Shape just it is noted that select and remain, cultivate ground floor major branch and central authorities leader and do, the major branch done as central authorities leader should be upright, first
Layer major branch base angle retains 60 degree or so）, remaining branch makees auxiliary support branch and is pulled to level without exception；
Before and after step 4, spring walnut germination in the 3rd year（Mid or late March is to early April）Using common cortex grafting method or slotting skin
Tongue grafting grafting improved seeds on selected major branch branch, while removing the 2-3 most prosperous auxiliary support branch of growth, remaining auxiliary support branch is protected
Stay；
Retain the branch of all sproutings in scion when step 5, the 3rd year summer management, and reinforcement is managed it, preventing and treating is scraped by wind
Folding.Auxiliary support branch to retaining will suppress its growth, and the auxiliary support branch of all influence scion growths can be used draws branch, girdling or thin branch
Method weakens its growth；
Step 6, the 3rd year winter remove all reserved auxiliary support branches, the branch sprouted in scion by skeleton branch prune and
Management.
Investigation result：The walnut of grafting is all survived, i.e. survival rate 100%, and scion robust growth, grafting is formed then
Bud, next year yields positive results, and another year tree crown recovers original size.
Embodiment 3：Place is located at Henan, China Luoyang City Luanchuan County carclazyte town lime tree village, and the orchard belongs to mountain region really
Garden, soil layer is relatively thin, and fertilising is difficult, and the age of tree is mainly life in 20 years, and tree structure is preferable, but fruit quality is poor and yields poorly, and selects
35 walnuts therein carry out reconfiguration, investigation result using the reconfiguration method described in embodiment 1：The walnut of grafting all into
Live, i.e. survival rate 100%, scion robust growth, grafting forms bud then, and next year yields positive results, and another year tree crown recovers substantially
Original size.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of best fruiting period walnut grafting high and changing head method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：（1）It is right after fruit harvesting
Treat that the root system of reconfiguration walnut is pruned, reduce root system volume, promote new root；（2）Reconfiguration is treated before Second Year rudiment
Walnut carries out debranching treatment, the walnut for trunk no more than 1.5 meters, and according to the tree structure that will be used, select and remain master
Each major branch is simultaneously retained 15-35cm by branch, and remaining whole is amputated；Walnut for trunk more than 1.5 meters only retains 1.4-1.6 meters
Trunk high, remaining whole is amputated；（3）Young sprout growth period after Second Year rudiment, tree-like select and remain, cultivates master according to what will be used
Branch, while retaining multiple branches as auxiliary support branch；（4）Before and after walnut rudiment in 3rd year, by scion grafting in culture of selecting and remain
Major branch on, and remove the most prosperous auxiliary support branch of growth；（5）When summer pruning fruit tree is managed within 3rd year, the branch that will be sprouted in scion
Bar all retains and prevents it from scraping folding by wind, while suppressing auxiliary support branch growth；（6）When winter pruning fruit tree is managed within 3rd year, go
Except all of auxiliary support branch, the branch sprouted in scion are pruned and managed by skeleton branch, that is, complete the height of best fruiting period walnut
Connect and change head.
2. a kind of best fruiting period walnut grafting high and changing head method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（1）To root
It is that the step of pruning is：Treating outwards to dig 35-45cm wide, a depth 60- around reconfiguration walnut at trunk 1.4-1.6 rice
The annular ditch of 70cm, the tree root that will be run into all is cut and cuts flat wound, afterwards with 50kg organic fertilizers, 0.5kg urea, 1.0kg
During potassium sulfate and 2kg calcium superphosphate mixs with soil and inserts annular ditch, and pour permeable, finally with mulch film is by annular ditch and sets disk and covers
Lid.
3. a kind of best fruiting period walnut grafting high and changing head method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the annular ditch
Position and specification：Treating outwards to be dug at 1.5 meters of trunk around reconfiguration walnut the annular ditch of a 40cm wide, depth 60cm.
4. a kind of best fruiting period walnut grafting high and changing head method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（2）In, it is right
In trunk no more than 1.5 meters of walnut, according to the tree structure that will be used, select and remain major branch and retains 20- by each major branch
30cm；Walnut for trunk more than 1,5 meter only retains 1.5 meters of trunks high, and remaining whole is amputated.
5. a kind of best fruiting period walnut grafting high and changing head method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（3）Tool
Gymnastics conduct：Young sprout growth period after Second Year rudiment, treats the young sprout sent on trunk below 1 meter of reconfiguration walnut and all goes
Remove, and remove the overstocked young sprout that remaining position sends, according to will use it is tree-like select and remain, cultivate major branch, make major branch of selecting and remain
Growth angle is identical with the growth angle of the tree-like required major branch that will be used, and by remaining not removed young sprout whole
Level is pulled to as auxiliary support branch.
6. a kind of best fruiting period walnut grafting high and changing head method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（4）Middle institute
It is cortex grafting method or slotting skin tongue grafting to state the method by scion grafting on the major branch of selected and remain culture.
7. a kind of best fruiting period walnut grafting high and changing head method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（5）Middle institute
The method for suppressing auxiliary support branch growth is stated to draw branch, girdling or thin branch.
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| CN201611069982.5A CN106718529B (en) | 2016-11-29 | 2016-11-29 | high-grafting head-changing method for walnut trees in full bearing period |
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| CN201611069982.5A CN106718529B (en) | 2016-11-29 | 2016-11-29 | high-grafting head-changing method for walnut trees in full bearing period |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108834605A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-11-20 | 迁西县安立春板栗技术服务部（普通合伙） | A kind of Chinese chestnut retention nutrient engrafting method |
| CN110326442A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-10-15 | 新疆农业大学 | A kind of engrafting method improving walnut yield |
| CN111418427A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-17 | 张晓霞 | Method for dynamically balancing yin and yang waning and growing of fruit trees and high-joint head replacement |
| CN111448933A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-28 | 新疆林科院经济林研究所 | Multi-head optimization improving technology for walnut big tree |
| CN113079926A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-07-09 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Plum tree high grafting and seed changing method |
| CN114946432A (en) * | 2022-06-18 | 2022-08-30 | 安晓顺 | Improved method for walnut top grafting and top changing |
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| CN108834605A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-11-20 | 迁西县安立春板栗技术服务部（普通合伙） | A kind of Chinese chestnut retention nutrient engrafting method |
| CN110326442A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-10-15 | 新疆农业大学 | A kind of engrafting method improving walnut yield |
| CN110326442B (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2021-06-01 | 新疆农业大学 | Grafting method for improving walnut yield |
| CN111448933A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-28 | 新疆林科院经济林研究所 | Multi-head optimization improving technology for walnut big tree |
| CN111418427A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-17 | 张晓霞 | Method for dynamically balancing yin and yang waning and growing of fruit trees and high-joint head replacement |
| CN113079926A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-07-09 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Plum tree high grafting and seed changing method |
| CN114946432A (en) * | 2022-06-18 | 2022-08-30 | 安晓顺 | Improved method for walnut top grafting and top changing |
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