CN107485787B - Four-coil structure for transcranial magnetic stimulation and application thereof - Google Patents
Four-coil structure for transcranial magnetic stimulation and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a four-coil structure for transcranial magnetic stimulation and application thereof, and belongs to the field of transcranial magnetic stimulation. The invention comprises four adjacent small coils with square structures, two energy storage capacitors and 12 relays, wherein each small coil independently leads out a positive lead wire and a negative lead wire; the positive lead-out wire of each energy storage capacitor is respectively connected with a silicon controlled rectifier as a discharge switch; the two energy storage capacitors control different relays or relay combinations to supply power to different small coils or small coil combinations. The invention can stimulate the magnetic stimulation focuses of a plurality of parts of the human brain simultaneously, thereby meeting the complex magnetic stimulation requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of transcranial magnetic stimulation, and particularly relates to a four-coil structure for transcranial magnetic stimulation and a magnetic stimulation focus control method realized by using the structure.
Background
At present, the existing transcranial magnetic stimulation at home and abroad mainly adopts a circular ring coil and an 8-shaped coil for stimulation, the physiological action area of the circular ring coil is an annular belt-shaped area below the coil, the physiological action area of the 8-shaped coil is an 8-shaped center, and the action area of the 8-shaped center is generally called as a magnetic stimulation focus, so that the 8-shaped coil has better focusing property than the circular ring coil. In clinical research of transcranial magnetic stimulation, it is found that physiological activities of human brain are cooperatively completed by coaction of a plurality of areas of cerebral cortex, so that in clinical application, magnetic stimulation for treating certain brain functional diseases needs to stimulate a plurality of areas, and stimulation of one brain functional area by only an 8-shaped coil cannot meet the requirement.
The multi-focus transcranial magnetic stimulation system can stimulate a plurality of brain functional areas simultaneously or alternately, and is realized by a multi-channel high-voltage power supply, a multi-focus stimulation coil structure and corresponding control software. The prior multi-channel magnetic stimulation technology, such as the patent (application number 200510015749.4) named multi-lead brain magnetic stimulation, the patent (application number 200810046759.8) named transcranial magnetic field stimulator with a plurality of stimulation coils, and the patent (application number 201510069014.3) named multi-channel high-voltage pulse power generator for transcranial magnetic stimulation, all disclose the working modes as follows: n groups of high-voltage modules charge n energy storage capacitors; the main control module controls the n groups of discharging switch modules to enable the n energy storage capacitors to discharge the n external stimulating coils.
At present, the field lacks of practical application and realizes the multi-focus transcranial magnetic stimulation coil structure, and the following reasons are: firstly, the transient current in the magnetic stimulation coil is very high, the peak current even reaches more than 5000 amperes, and both heating and current carrying are achieved, so that the section of a coil wire cannot be too thin or too thick, the winding is difficult, and the coil wire is 6-12 square millimeters in general; secondly, the pulse magnetic field of the magnetic stimulation coil generally can reach more than 1.5 tesla, and the induction electric field can reach more than 60V/m, so that proper coil parameters need to be selected, and if the size of the coil is too small, the physiological threshold requirement cannot be met; the head surface area is limited, and the number of coils arranged is not large, so that the number of coils is not too large; third, the focus-on control circuit of the coil is complex due to the high transient current. Patent (application number 201220171951.1) proposes a dynamically variable multichannel transcranial magnetic stimulation coil array, which uses a grid of straight wires as the magnetic stimulation coils, and the inductance of such coils is too small to generate a pulsed magnetic field and an induced electric field that meet the physiological threshold stimulation intensity. The multi-lead brain magnetic stimulator disclosed in patent (application number 200510015749.4) is provided with 128 stimulating coils, each coil is a cylindrical coil with the diameter of 20mm and the height of 20mm, the coil is wound by an enameled wire with the diameter of 0.58mm, and 324 turns are wound, so that the coil is too small in size, too large in inductance and insufficient in current rising speed, and cannot generate a pulse magnetic field and an induction electric field which are high enough; in addition, the wires are too thin to carry large transient currents.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a four-coil structure for transcranial magnetic stimulation, which can realize alternate or simultaneous stimulation on a plurality of parts of the human brain.
The invention provides a four-coil structure (refer to figure 1) for transcranial magnetic stimulation, which is characterized in that the four-coil structure consists of four independent small coils in a square structure, tangential point areas of two adjacent circular coils are magnetic stimulation focuses, each small coil independently leads out a positive lead wire and a negative lead wire, two energy storage capacitors and 12 relays; the positive lead-out wire of each energy storage capacitor is respectively connected with a silicon controlled rectifier as a discharge switch; the two energy storage capacitors control different relays or relay combinations to supply power to different small coils or small coil combinations.
The small coil is a hollow cylindrical structure after the guide wire is coiled for a plurality of turns. Wherein the cross-sectional area of the wire ranges from 6 to 12 square millimeters. The inner diameter of the hollow cylindrical small coil is 20-40 mm; the outer diameter is 40-60 mm; the height range is 6-12 mm.
As shown in FIG. 2, when the small coils generate magnetic fields in the same direction, the lead wire at the inflow end is defined as A, the lead wire at the outflow end is defined as B, and the lead wires corresponding to the four small coils are respectively 1A/1B,2A/2B,3A/3B and 4A/4B. When the coil current flows in from the end A and flows out from the end B, the coil current is defined as the coil passing forward current; conversely, when flowing in from B and when flowing out from a, the coil is defined as passing a reverse current. The four-coil structure has 4 magnetic stimulation focuses, one coil is selected to be connected with forward current, the other coil is connected with reverse current, and different loops are selected through the relay group to generate different magnetic stimulation focus effects. The invention can generate at least seven magnetic stimulation focus combinations, comprising four independent single magnetic stimulation focus actions, two magnetic stimulation focuses simultaneously act, and one four magnetic stimulation focuses simultaneously act; when two adjacent small coils are electrified with current in opposite directions, the other two small coils are not electrified, and each independent single magnetic stimulation focus acts; four single magnetic stimulation focus actions can be generated by changing different small coil electrifying combinations; classifying four small coils up and down or left and right, and when the same side is supplied with positive current, such as upper side or left side, and the other side is supplied with reverse current, two magnetic stimulation focuses in the transverse direction or the vertical direction are generated to act simultaneously, namely the lower side (corresponding to the upper side) or the right side (corresponding to the left side); when four small coils are connected with forward current according to two coils on one diagonal line and the other diagonal line is connected with reverse current, the simultaneous action of four magnetic stimulation focuses can be realized.
According to the selected magnetic stimulation focus, a relay control circuit is adopted to determine the connection between the small coils; two energy storage capacitors are adopted to supply power to the coil; two independent silicon controlled modules respectively control the discharge of the two energy storage capacitors to generate the magnetic stimulation focus effect. If the four-coil structure of transcranial magnetic stimulation is adopted on the head, the position of the stimulation focus can be enlarged, and the more complex magnetic stimulation requirement can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a four-coil structure for transcranial magnetic stimulation with multiple magnetic stimulation foci and a magnetic stimulation focus gating control structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a four-coil lead for transcranial magnetic stimulation with multiple magnetic stimulation foci;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the small coil structure of the present invention, wherein (a) is a top view of the small coil (b) is a side view of the small coil;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the effect of a single magnetic stimulus focus 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the effect of a single magnetic stimulus focus 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the effect of a single magnetic stimulus focus 3;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the effect of a single magnetic stimulus focus 4;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the simultaneous action of two magnetic stimulus foci;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the simultaneous action of two magnetic stimulus foci;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the simultaneous action of four magnetic stimulus foci;
fig. 11 shows the induced electric fields corresponding to the four magnetic stimulation focuses.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a four-coil structure of transcranial magnetic stimulation with multiple magnetic stimulation focuses, which consists of four independent small coils in a square structure, each small coil is independently led out, and two energy storage capacitors are arranged; the positive lead-out wire of each energy storage capacitor is respectively connected with a silicon controlled rectifier as a discharge switch; the four-coil structure of the invention consists of four independent small coils, which are respectively marked as (1), (2), (3) and (4) according to the planar arrangement. The four small coils are arranged in four quadrants according to a rectangular coordinate system, the small coil (1) is located in a first quadrant, the small coil (2) is located in a second quadrant, the small coil (3) is located in a third quadrant, and the small coil (4) is located in a fourth quadrant. The structure has four independent magnetic stimulation focuses, each small coil leads out positive and negative leads, and 12 relays are respectively: 1B &2B are relays connecting the 1B end and the 2B end of the coil; 1B &4B are relays connecting the 1B end and the 4B end of the coil; 2A & C1-are relays connecting the 2A terminal of the coil and the negative terminal of the capacitor C1; 4A & C1-are relays connecting the 4A terminal of the coil and the negative terminal of the capacitor C1; 2A & C2+ is a relay connecting the 2A end of the coil and the positive end of the capacitor C2; 3A & C2+ is a relay connecting the 3A end of the coil and the positive end of the capacitor C2; 4A & C2+ is a relay connecting the 4A end of the coil and the positive end of the capacitor C2; 3B &2B are relays connecting the 3B and 2B ends of the coil; 3B &4B are relays connecting the 3B end and the 4B end of the coil; 2A & C2-are relays connecting the 2A terminal of the coil and the negative terminal of the capacitor C2; 3A & C2-are relays connecting the 3A terminal of the coil and the negative terminal of the capacitor C2; 4A & C2-are relays connecting the 4A terminal of the coil and the negative terminal of the capacitor C2.
The working process of the invention comprises the following steps: two energy storage capacitors 1 and 2 are adopted to supply power to the coil. The leading-out wire at the positive end of the capacitor 1 is marked as C1+, the leading-out wire at the negative end of the capacitor 2 is marked as C2+, and the leading-out wire at the negative end of the capacitor 2 is marked as C2-. And switching on different relay combinations according to the selected magnetic stimulation focus to determine the connection between the small coils. Two independent discharge switches, namely a silicon controlled rectifier 1 and a silicon controlled rectifier 2, respectively control the discharge of the two energy storage capacitors.
Fig. 3 is a small coil structure for transcranial magnetic stimulation. The parameters of the small coil in the specific embodiment of the invention are as follows: wire section parameters: 4.95 mm. Times.1.45 mm; inner diameter of small coil: 28mm; outer diameter of small coil: 50mm; height of small coil: 10mm; the coil has 14 turns and has two layers.
Fig. 4 shows the generation of a single magnetic stimulation focus 1, the discharge of the capacitor C1, the generation of a forward magnetic field by the coil (1), the generation of a reverse magnetic field by the coil (2), and no current flow through the coils (3) and (4). It can be seen that the magnetic stimulation focus is located in the center of intersection of the two coils. The path through which the current flows is: c1+ & gtsilicon controlled rectifier 1- & gt1A- & gt1B&2B→2A&C1.fwdarw.C1-. The contour lines in fig. 4 are calculated coil surfacesThe distribution of the induced electric field at 20mm below, and the maximum value of the induced electric field at the magnetic stimulation focus is 83.5V/m (volt/meter). The calculation parameters are selected as that the energy storage capacitance value is 250uF, and the change rate of the coil current is 5.65X10 7 A/s (amperes/second), the following calculations are calculated using this parameter and are not described in detail.
Fig. 5 shows the generation of a single magnetic stimulation focus 2, the discharge of capacitor C2, the generation of a forward magnetic field by coil (2), the generation of a reverse magnetic field by coil (3), and no current flow through coils (1) and (4). The path through which the current flows is: c2+ →silicon controlled rectifier 2→2A+C2+ →3B+2B→3A+C2→C2-.
Fig. 6 shows the generation of a single magnetic stimulation focus 3, the discharge of capacitor C2, the generation of a forward magnetic field by coil (3), the generation of a reverse magnetic field by coil (4), and no current flow through coils (1) and (2). The path through which the current flows is: c2+ →silicon controlled rectifier 2→3A+C2+ →3B+4B→4A & C2→C2-.
Fig. 7 shows the generation of a single magnetic stimulation focus 4, the discharge of capacitor C1, the generation of a forward magnetic field by coil (1), the generation of a reverse magnetic field by coil (4), and no current flow through coils (2) and (3). The path through which the current flows is: c1+. Fwdarw.silicon controlled rectifier 1.fwdarw.1A.fwdarw.1B & 4B.fwdarw.4A & C1.fwdarw.C1-.
FIG. 8 shows the simultaneous generation of two magnetic stimulation focuses, the capacitor C1 is discharged, the coil (1) generates a forward magnetic field, and the coil (4) generates a reverse magnetic field; the capacitor C2 discharges, the coil (2) generates a forward magnetic field, and the coil (3) generates a reverse magnetic field. It can be seen that the distribution of the highest induced electric field is distributed along the horizontal position at the center of the four coils. The current flows through two independent paths: c1+ & gt, silicon controlled rectifier 1- & gt, 1A- & gt, 1B & 4B- & gt, 4A & C1- & gt and C1-; c2+ →silicon controlled rectifier 2→2A+C2+ →3B+2B→3A+C2→C2-. As can be seen from the contour diagram, the magnetic stimulation focus area induces an electric field of 108V/m, which is higher than that of the single magnetic stimulation focus.
FIG. 9 shows the simultaneous generation of two other magnetic stimulation focuses, the capacitor C1 is discharged, the coil (1) generates a forward magnetic field, and the coil (2) generates a reverse magnetic field; the capacitor C2 discharges, the coil (4) generates a forward magnetic field, and the coil (3) generates a reverse magnetic field. The focus of the magnetic stimulation is generated in two vertical positions. The current flows through two independent paths: c1+ & gt, silicon controlled rectifier 1- & gt, 1A- & gt, 1B & 2B- & gt, 2A & C1- & gt and C1-; c2+ →silicon controlled rectifier 2→4A & C2+ → 3B &4B→3A & C2→C2-.
FIG. 10 shows the simultaneous generation of four magnetic stimulation focuses, the capacitor C1 is discharged, the coil (1) generates a forward magnetic field, and the coil (2) generates a reverse magnetic field; the capacitor C2 discharges, the coil (3) generates a forward magnetic field, and the coil (4) generates a reverse magnetic field. The generated magnetic stimulation focuses are positioned at the intersection of every two coils. The current flows through two independent paths: c1+ & gt, silicon controlled rectifier 1- & gt, 1A- & gt, 1B & 2B- & gt, 2A & C1- & gt and C1-; c2+ →silicon controlled rectifier 2→3A+C2+ → 3B+4B→4A & C2→C2-. As can be seen from the contour plot, the magnetic stimulation focus area induces an electric field of 66.7V/m, which is lower than that of the single magnetic stimulation focus.
Fig. 11 shows the distribution of the induced electric field corresponding to the four magnetic stimulation focuses, and can be seen as four peaks at the intersections of the coils.
According to the invention, one or a plurality of four-coil structures can be arranged on the helmet, so that more magnetic stimulation focuses can be generated on the head, and the clinical requirements of more complex magnetic stimulation treatment can be met.
The above-described embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art may make various modifications and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The transcranial magnetic stimulation control method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of: firstly, fixing one or more four-coil structures on the head, wherein the four-coil structures are used for transcranial magnetic stimulation and comprise four adjacent small coils in a square structure, two energy storage capacitors and 12 relays, and each small coil is independently led out of a positive lead and a negative lead; the positive lead-out wire of each energy storage capacitor is respectively connected with a silicon controlled rectifier as a discharge switch; the two energy storage capacitors control different relays or relay combinations to supply power to different small coils or small coil combinations; the tangential point area between adjacent coils in each four-coil structure is a magnetic stimulation focus, the position of a target magnetic stimulation focus is selected, and the connection between small coils is determined; controlling two energy storage capacitors of each four-coil structure to supply power to the selected small coils through a relay or a relay combination; achieving a selected target magnetic stimulation focus effect.
2. The method for controlling transcranial magnetic stimulation according to claim 1, wherein the small coil is a hollow cylindrical structure of the guide wire after being wound several turns.
3. The method of controlling transcranial magnetic stimulation according to claim 2, wherein the cross-sectional area of the lead is in the range of 6-12 square millimeters.
4. The method of transcranial magnetic stimulation control according to claim 2, wherein the hollow cylindrical structure has an inner diameter in the range of 20-40 mm; the outer diameter is 40-60 mm; the height range is 6-12 mm.
5. The method of transcranial magnetic stimulation control according to claim 1, wherein the range of storage capacitance values is 140-300uF.
6. The transcranial magnetic stimulation control method of claim 1 wherein two adjacent small coils of each four coil structure are separately powered to effect four independent single magnetic stimulation foci of the four coil structure.
7. The transcranial magnetic stimulation control method of claim 1 wherein two adjacent groups of small coils of each four coil structure are powered separately to effect simultaneous actuation of two magnetic stimulation foci of different two groups of four coil structures.
8. The method for controlling transcranial magnetic stimulation according to claim 1, wherein each small coil of the four coil structure is powered separately to achieve simultaneous action of the four magnetic stimulation foci.
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