CN107319590B - Intermittent type multistage processing stoning decorticator - Google Patents
Intermittent type multistage processing stoning decorticator Download PDFInfo
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- CN107319590B CN107319590B CN201710502012.8A CN201710502012A CN107319590B CN 107319590 B CN107319590 B CN 107319590B CN 201710502012 A CN201710502012 A CN 201710502012A CN 107319590 B CN107319590 B CN 107319590B
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- stoning
- peeling
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N7/00—Peeling vegetables or fruit
- A23N7/08—Peeling vegetables or fruit for peeling fruit and removing seed-containing sections
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
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- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an intermittent multistage processing stoning and peeling machine which comprises a box body, a portal frame and a flexible feeding mechanism which are arranged on the box body, a controller, a pre-cutting mechanism, a stoning and peeling mechanism and a waste removing mechanism which are arranged on the portal frame. Firstly, manually placing fruits into flexible positioning holes on a disc, then carrying three fruits by a multi-stage flexible feeding mechanism to a pre-cutting station, and cutting off pedicel parts of the fruits by a circular blade; then, the intermittent divider drives the rotating disc to turn to a stoning and peeling station, the stoning knife moves downwards to eject the fruit stones, and the peeling knife moves upwards to extrude the pulp together with the shell and meat separating baffle; then, the push plate moves forwards to push the pulp forwards to be carried into the pulp box; finally, the multistage flexible feeding mechanism turns to a waste removing station, and the rolling brush brings the shells out of the feeding holes through rotary motion. The invention has simple structure, convenient operation and good processing effect, the obtained pulp has good integrity and small loss, and the processing efficiency reaches 5-6 times of that of manpower.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pulp processing equipment, in particular to an intermittent multi-stage processing stoning and peeling machine for litchi processing.
Background
At present, the litchi mode mainly comprises the steps of removing kernels, peeling and pulping by a machine, and the mode has high processing efficiency but can not obtain relatively complete lantern-shaped pulp. The second method mainly uses a simple tool to remove the seeds and peel the litchi by manual mode, and prepares the litchi into cans, but the method has the defects of low efficiency, insufficient cleanliness and sanitation of the removed seeds and peel, high working strength and the like, and the mechanical litchi seed and peel removing processing and the maintenance of the pulp integrity of the mechanical litchi are a big bottleneck which restricts the development of the litchi post-processing industry. Accordingly, there is a need in the art for further improvements and perfection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an intermittent multi-stage processing stoning and peeling machine which is simple in structure, convenient to operate and good in processing effect.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an intermittent type formula multistage processing stoning decorticator, this stoning decorticator mainly includes the box that plays support and fixed effect, portal frame and flexible feed mechanism that sets up on the box, is used for controlling each part collaborative work's controller, and install on the portal frame be used for excision fruit base cut mechanism, stoning decortication mechanism and be used for getting rid of the waste material mechanism of shell. When the fruit peeling machine works, firstly, a worker puts the fruits into the flexible feeding mechanism, then the fruits are sent to the precutting mechanism to cut off the pedicles, then the fruits are sent to the stoning and peeling mechanism to perform stoning and pulp extrusion operations, and finally, the remaining fruit shells are sent to the waste removing mechanism to be collected and enter the next round of loading operation.
Specifically, the controller is installed in the box, is connected with flexible feed mechanism, precutting mechanism, stoning peeling mechanism and waste removal mechanism electricity respectively, drives each mechanism collaborative work. The flexible feeding mechanism is positioned in the portal frame, and fruits are conveyed to each station for processing through horizontal intermittent rotation. The flexible feeding mechanism mainly comprises four stations for feeding, precutting, stoning and peeling and removing waste, and the four stations are arranged at intervals of 90 degrees in sequence. The pre-cutting mechanism is located above the pre-cutting station, the stoning and peeling mechanisms are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the stoning and peeling station, and the waste removing mechanism is located above the waste removing station.
Specifically, the flexible feeding mechanism comprises a stepping motor, an intermittent divider, a rotating disc and a clamping device for fixing fruits. The intermittent divider is fixedly arranged on the box body, the input end of the intermittent divider is connected with the stepping motor, and the stepping motor is electrically connected with the controller. The intermittent divider has the remarkable characteristics of high indexing accuracy, stable operation, large transmission torque, self-locking during positioning, compact structure, small volume, low noise, good high-speed performance, long service life and the like, so the intermittent divider is an ideal product for replacing traditional mechanisms such as a grooved pulley mechanism, a ratchet mechanism, an incomplete gear mechanism, a pneumatic control mechanism and the like, and is quite suitable for being used on the stoning and peeling machine provided by the invention. The rotating disc is horizontally arranged on the intermittent divider and fixedly connected with the output end of the intermittent divider. The clamping devices are arranged into four groups and are respectively arranged on four stations of the rotating disc, and the intermittent divider drives the clamping devices to respectively transmit to different stations. When the rotary disc is in operation, the controller drives the stepping motor to rotate, and the rotary disc is driven to intermittently rotate through the intermittent divider. As a preferable mode of the invention, the stop number of the intermittent divider is set to be 4, namely, the rotation angle of the rotating disc in one direction (clockwise or anticlockwise) at a time is 90 degrees, so that fruits are conveyed forward by one station distance.
The clamping device comprises a clamping device body and a clamping module. The clamping device body is provided with a guide hole and a supporting hole for bearing fruits. The clamping module is fixedly arranged on the clamping device body and mainly comprises a clamping part, a guide rod, a spring and a fixing part. The fixing part is fixed on the clamping device body; the clamping part and the fixing part are both hollow semi-cylindrical structures. One end of the guide rod penetrates through the spring and penetrates into the guide hole, the other end of the guide rod is fixed with the clamping part, one end of the spring is propped against the clamping device body, the other end of the spring pushes the clamping part, the clamping part and the fixing part are combined to form a feeding hole for accommodating and adapting to the size of fruits, and the supporting hole and the feeding hole are concentrically arranged. When the fruit is put into the feed hole (the pedicel part is upward), the fruit can squeeze the clamping part and the spring, so that the feed hole is enlarged, and therefore, the fruit with larger size can be put into the feed hole, and after the fruit is put into the feed hole, the clamping part firmly fixes the fruit in the feed hole under the action of elastic force of the spring, so that preparation is made for subsequent cutting off the pedicel.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the three groups of clamping modules are arranged, the three groups of clamping modules are fixed on the clamping device body side by side, and the number of the stoning knives and the peeling knives is also respectively arranged into three groups. The three fruits can be put into the machine by workers at a time, so that each station can process the three fruits at the same time, and the working efficiency of the stoning and peeling machine is remarkably improved.
Specifically, the pre-cutting mechanism comprises a pre-cutting motor, a circular blade and a fruit base chute for collecting fruit bases. One end of the pedicel chute is arranged below the pre-cutting station, the other end of the pedicel chute is inclined downwards, and a pedicel box for collecting is arranged at the outlet of the pedicel chute. The circular blade is fixedly arranged at the output end of the pre-cutting motor. The pre-cutting motor is installed on the portal frame downwards, and the pedicel is cut off by driving the circular blade to rotate. Because the fruit receives the supporting effect of supporting hole, so when the fruit put into the feed port, the fruit base part that the texture is harder will expose outside the feed port, and after the fruit was carried from the feed station and is cut the station in advance, rotatory circular blade was cut off the fruit base part, and the fruit base after the excision falls into the fruit base spout because of the dead weight, finally gets into the fruit base case.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, in order to cut the pedicel part more accurately without hurting the pulp, repeated experiments show that when the circular blade is arranged at a height of 5mm from the disc, the pedicel can be effectively cut off, the core and the pulp are easily cut off when the arranged height is too low, and the pedicel part cannot be effectively cut off when the arranged height is too high.
Specifically, the stoning and peeling mechanism comprises a stoning cylinder, a stoning knife arranged on the stoning cylinder, a peeling knife arranged on the peeling cylinder, a stoning chute for collecting the stones and a baffle for separating the pulp. The fruit pit peeling machine is characterized in that the baffle is arranged above the pit peeling station, a pattern hole for extruding pulp is formed in the baffle, one end of the fruit pit chute is arranged below the peeling knife, the other end of the fruit pit chute extends obliquely downwards, and a fruit pit box for collecting fruit pits is further arranged at the outlet of the fruit pit chute. The pit removing cylinder is arranged on the portal frame and is positioned above the baffle plate, and the pit removing cylinder is downwards arranged to drive the pit removing knife from top to bottom to eject the pit and enable the pit to fall into the pit chute. The peeling cylinder is arranged on the box body and positioned below the clamping device, and the peeling cylinder is upwards arranged to drive the peeling knife to eject pulp from bottom to top. The stoning knife, the peeling knife and the flower-shaped hole are coaxially arranged with the feeding hole, namely the axes of the stoning knife and the peeling knife penetrate through the centers of the flower-shaped hole and the feeding hole.
Further, in order to collect the extruded pulp, the stoning and peeling mechanism of the present invention further comprises a pulp collection device for pushing the pulp horizontally. The pulp collecting device is arranged on one side of the baffle and comprises a pushing cylinder, a pushing plate, a pulp chute and an electromagnetic sensor for feeding back the stoning and peeling progress. One end of the pulp chute is arranged on the other side of the baffle, the other end of the pulp chute extends obliquely downwards, and a pulp box for collecting pulp is further arranged at the outlet of the pulp chute. The push plate is arranged on the pushing cylinder, the pushing cylinder is horizontally and fixedly arranged, and the push plate is driven to push out extruded pulp horizontally from the rear direction of the baffle plate and enable the pulp to fall into the pulp chute. The electromagnetic sensor is respectively arranged on the stoning cylinder and the peeling cylinder and is electrically connected with the controller, so that the position information of the stoning cylinder and the peeling cylinder is fed back, the controller judges the working progress of the two cylinders according to the received data, and then the starting time of the pushing cylinder is controlled. The working process is approximately as follows: after the fruit with the pedicel is cut off and reaches a stoning and peeling station, firstly, a stoning knife penetrates through a flower-shaped hole from top to bottom to eject the fruit pit and enable the fruit pit to fall into a fruit pit chute, and the stoning knife is reset; then the peeling knife ejects the pulp and the fruit shell from bottom to top and extrudes the pulp under the action of the flower-shaped holes, so that the pulp is left on the baffle plate, and the fruit shell is left on the clamping device; finally, the pushing cylinder drives the pushing plate to push out the pulp positioned on the baffle plate horizontally, so that the pulp falls into the pulp chute and enters the pulp box.
Specifically, the waste removing mechanism comprises a waste removing motor, a rolling brush for sweeping the shells in the clamping device and a shell chute for collecting the shells. One end of the shell chute is arranged below the scrap removing station, the other end of the shell chute extends obliquely downwards, and a shell box for collecting shells is further arranged at the outlet of the shell chute. The waste removing motor is arranged on the portal frame and is positioned above the waste removing station. The round brush level sets up in clamping device's top and is connected with the motor transmission that removes the waste material, and the brush hair of round brush stretches into 5mm in the feed port, sweeps the shell into in the shell spout by removing waste material motor drive round brush. When the pulp is extruded, the shells remain in the clamping device or in the feeding holes and the feeding of the next fruit is affected, so that when the shells reach the scrap removing station, the rotating rolling brush contacts with the shells, and the bristles of the rolling brush sweep the shells left in the clamping device out to enable the shells to fall into the shell sliding groove, so that the next round of feeding is prepared.
As a preferable embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the rolling brush is set to 80 mm in order to secure the sweeping effect of the fruit shell. If the size is too large, more internal space is occupied, the installation of other mechanisms is affected, and the aesthetic degree of the machine is reduced.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the stepping motor adopts 86 series of three-phase stepping motors, and the series of stepping motors have the advantages of quick response, high reliability and high rotation precision. Preferably, the pre-cutting motor and the scrap removing motor are both 24V direct current motors. Preferably, in order to improve the running stability and reliability of the stoning and peeling machine, the controller adopts a Siemens PLC control system, and the system has the advantages of low error rate, high reliability, easy operation, flexible programming and stable running.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, when the pulp (litchi) size is large, the round hole has a flower-shaped hole structure, the hole diameter is 28 mm, and eight grooves for extruding pulp are formed outwards at the edge of the feeding hole. When the peeling cylinder drives the peeling knife to push the pulp upwards to pass through the flower-shaped holes on the shell-pulp separation baffle, part of the pulp passes through the grooves of the flower-shaped holes, so that the extrusion of the flower-shaped holes to the pulp and the loss of juice are reduced, the damage to the pulp is reduced, and the integrity of the pulp is ensured.
As the outline of the pit is arc-shaped, the diameter of the pit removing knife is designed to be about 9mm, the knife head is designed to be concave inwards, and the concave part is an arc surface in order to avoid the deviation of the pit during the pit removing operation. After the stoning knife contacts with the fruit pit, the concave tool bit clamps and positions the fruit pit, so that the fruit pit advances according to the movement direction of the stoning knife and is finally ejected out.
When the fruit is at the stoning station, the vertically fixed stoning cylinder drives the stoning knife to move downwards, the stoning knife contacts with the fruit cores and continues to move downwards until the fruit cores are ejected out of the positioning holes, the stoning operation is realized, and only the fruit shells and the fruit pulp remain in the flexible positioning holes; then, the peeling cylinder drives the peeling knife to move upwards, the peeling knife is supported after being contacted with the shell, and the shell and flesh separation baffle is positioned above the positioning hole, so that the shell and flesh separation baffle is blocked after being contacted with the shell, the designed peeling cylinder stroke is 50mm, the peeling knife stroke cannot exceed the shell and flesh separation baffle, the shell cannot exceed the shell and flesh separation baffle, and the flesh is extruded from the flower-shaped hole under the extrusion of the peeling knife due to flexibility, so that the shell and flesh separation operation is realized. Finally, the lantern-shaped pulp with the removed pit and the peeled pit is carried to a collection box by a pulp collection mechanism.
Further, in order to directionally push the pulp, the pulp is prevented from falling from other places of the baffle, the two side edges of the baffle are provided with baffle edges, and the baffle edges together form a push rod pushing channel.
Furthermore, in order to improve the automation degree of the machine, the machine is provided with a plurality of sensors, the position information of each processing mechanism is fed back to the controller, and the control system processes and processes the processing action according to the sensor signals, so that the machine can be shut down and started at any time without manual mechanical reset, and can be processed by only starting a processing button through one key.
Further, the intermittent multi-stage processing stoning and peeling machine also comprises a frame, a workbench, an electric cabinet and a switch, wherein the switch comprises a main switch, a start switch and a stop switch. The controller is installed inside the workbench. The flexible feeding mechanism, the pre-cutting mechanism, the stoning and peeling mechanism and the waste removing mechanism are all arranged on the workbench, and the controller is respectively and electrically connected with the main switch, the direct current motor, the sensor and the electromagnetic valve.
The working process and principle of the invention are as follows: firstly, manually placing fruits into flexible positioning holes (pedicles upwards) on a disc, then carrying three fruits by a multi-stage flexible feeding mechanism to turn to a pre-cutting station, and cutting the pedicles of the fruits by a circular blade; then, the intermittent divider drives the rotating disc to turn to a stoning and peeling station, the stoning knife moves downwards to eject the fruit stones, and the peeling knife moves upwards to extrude the pulp together with the shell and meat separating baffle; then, the push plate moves forwards to push the pulp forwards to be carried into the pulp box; finally, the multistage flexible feeding mechanism turns to a waste removing station, and the rolling brush brings the shells out of the feeding holes through rotary motion. The invention also has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and good processing effect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) Compared with the traditional manual mode, the stoning and peeling machine provided by the invention has the advantages of simple principle, low manufacturing cost, short processing time, high efficiency, good processing effect and daily output reaching more than a jack.
(2) The stoning and peeling machine provided by the invention has the advantages of less damage to pulp, low pulp loss rate and less pulp and juice loss.
(3) The stoning and peeling machine provided by the invention has the advantages of small volume, reliable work and easy cleaning and maintenance, and is very suitable for large-scale application in the litchi processing industry.
(4) The stoning and peeling machine provided by the invention realizes stoning and peeling operations at the same processing position, avoids the trouble of secondary processing, and reduces the loss of water content of litchi in secondary processing.
(5) The stoning and peeling machine provided by the invention utilizes the back and forth movement of the stoning and peeling cutter and the action of the shell and flesh separating baffle, the stoning of litchi is firstly removed, then the flesh is extruded, and the rest litchi flesh and litchi skin are separated into corresponding collecting boxes.
(6) The stoning and peeling machine provided by the invention is directly and automatically processed when started, and does not need to be reset again manually.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an intermittent multi-stage processing stoning and peeling machine provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a flexible feed mechanism provided by the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of a flexible feed mechanism provided by the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a clamping device provided by the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing an internal structure of the stoning and decoring machine according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a front view showing the internal structure of the stoning and skinning machine according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a top view of the internal structure of the stoning and decorticating machine provided by the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a left side view of the internal structure of the stoning and decorticating machine provided by the present invention.
The reference numerals in the above figures illustrate:
1-a box body, 2-a portal frame,
31-a stepping motor, 32-an intermittent divider, 33-a rotating disc, 34-a clamping device,
341-clamping device body, 342-clamping part, 343-guide bar, 344-spring, 345-fixing part, 346-feed hole,
41-a precut motor, 42-a round blade, 43-a pedicel chute,
51-stoning cylinder, 52-stoning knife, 53-peeling cylinder, 54-peeling knife, 55-stoning chute, 56-baffle, 561-flower hole, 57-pulp chute,
61-a scrap removing motor, 62-a rolling brush, 63-a shell chute,
7-switch.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear and clear, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the invention discloses an intermittent multi-stage processing stoning and peeling machine, which mainly comprises a box body 1 with supporting and fixing functions, a portal frame 2 and a flexible feeding mechanism which are arranged on the box body 1, a controller for controlling the cooperative work of all components, a precutting mechanism for removing fruit pedicles, a stoning and peeling mechanism and a waste removing mechanism for removing fruit shells, wherein the precutting mechanism, the stoning and peeling mechanism and the waste removing mechanism are arranged on the portal frame 2. When the fruit peeling machine works, firstly, a worker puts the fruits into the flexible feeding mechanism, then the fruits are sent to the precutting mechanism to cut off the pedicles, then the fruits are sent to the stoning and peeling mechanism to perform stoning and pulp extrusion operations, and finally, the remaining fruit shells are sent to the waste removing mechanism to be collected and enter the next round of loading operation.
Specifically, the controller is installed in the box 1, and is electrically connected with the flexible feeding mechanism, the precutting mechanism, the stoning and peeling mechanism and the waste removing mechanism respectively, so as to drive the mechanisms to work cooperatively. The flexible feeding mechanism is positioned in the portal frame 2, and fruits are conveyed to each station for processing through horizontal intermittent rotation. The flexible feeding mechanism mainly comprises four stations for feeding, precutting, stoning and peeling and removing waste, and the four stations are arranged at intervals of 90 degrees in sequence. The pre-cutting mechanism is located above the pre-cutting station, the stoning and peeling mechanisms are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the stoning and peeling station, and the waste removing mechanism is located above the waste removing station.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the flexible feeding mechanism includes a stepping motor 31, an intermittent divider 32, a rotating disc 33, and a holding device 34 for fixing fruits. The intermittent divider 32 is fixedly arranged on the box body 1, the input end of the intermittent divider is connected with the stepping motor 31, and the stepping motor 31 is electrically connected with the controller. The intermittent divider 32 has the remarkable characteristics of high indexing accuracy, stable operation, large transmission torque, self-locking during positioning, compact structure, small volume, low noise, good high-speed performance, long service life and the like, so the intermittent divider is an ideal product for replacing traditional mechanisms such as a grooved pulley mechanism, a ratchet mechanism, an incomplete gear mechanism, a pneumatic control mechanism and the like, and is quite suitable for being used on the stoning and peeling machine provided by the invention. The rotating disc 33 is horizontally arranged on the intermittent divider 32 and fixedly connected with the output end of the intermittent divider 32. The clamping devices 34 are arranged in four groups, are respectively arranged on four stations of the rotating disc 33, and are respectively transmitted to different stations by driving the clamping devices 34 by the intermittent divider 32. In operation, the controller drives the stepper motor 31 to rotate and drives the rotating disc 33 to intermittently rotate through the intermittent divider 32. As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the stop number of the intermittent divider 32 is set to 4, that is, the rotation angle of the rotary disk 33 in one direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) is 90 degrees at a time, so that the fruits are conveyed forward by one station distance.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the clamping device 34 includes a clamping device body 341 and a clamping module. The clamping device body 341 is provided with a guide hole and a supporting hole for supporting fruits. The clamping module is fixedly arranged on the clamping device body 341 and mainly comprises a clamping part 342, a guide rod 343, a spring 344 and a fixing part 345. The fixing portion 345 is fixed to the clamping device body 341; the clamping portion 342 and the fixing portion 345 each adopt a hollow semi-cylindrical structure. One end of the guide rod 343 passes through the spring 344 and penetrates into the guide hole, the other end of the guide rod is fixed with the clamping part 342, one end of the spring 344 is propped against the clamping device body 341, the other end of the spring 344 pushes the clamping part 342, the clamping part 342 and the fixing part 345 are combined to form a feeding hole 346 for accommodating and adapting to the fruit size, and the supporting hole and the feeding hole 346 are concentrically arranged. When the fruit is placed in the feed hole 346 (the pedicel part is upward), the fruit can squeeze the clamping part 342 and the spring 344, so that the feed hole 346 is enlarged, and therefore, the fruit with larger size can be placed in the feed hole 346, and after the fruit is placed in the feed hole 346, the clamping part 342 firmly fixes the fruit in the feed hole 346 under the action of the elastic force of the spring 344, so that preparation is made for subsequent pedicel cutting.
As a preferable mode of the present invention, the three groups of clamping modules are fixed on the clamping device body 341 side by side, and the number of the stoning knives 52 and the peeling knives 54 is also respectively three. The three fruits can be put into the machine by workers at a time, so that each station can process the three fruits at the same time, and the working efficiency of the stoning and peeling machine is remarkably improved.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8, the pre-cutting mechanism includes a pre-cutting motor 41, a circular blade 42 and a pedicel chute 43 for collecting pedicles. One end of the pedicel chute 43 is arranged below the pre-cutting station, the other end of the pedicel chute 43 is inclined downwards, and a pedicel box for collecting is arranged at the outlet of the pedicel chute 43. The circular blade 42 is fixedly mounted on the output end of the pre-cutting motor 41. The pre-cutting motor 41 is mounted on the gantry 2 facing downwards, and the pedicles are cut off by driving the circular blade 42 to rotate. Because the fruit is supported by the supporting hole, when the fruit is placed in the feeding hole 346, the harder pedicel part is exposed outside the feeding hole 346, and when the fruit is conveyed from the feeding station to the pre-cutting station, the pedicel part is cut off by the rotary circular blade 42, and the pedicel after cutting falls into the pedicel chute 43 due to self weight and finally enters the pedicel box.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to cut the pedicel portion more precisely without damaging the pulp, repeated experiments have shown that the circular blade 42 is mounted at a height of 5mm from the disk to effectively cut the pedicel, and the mounting height is too low to easily cut the pedicel and the pulp, and too high to effectively cut the pedicel portion.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8, the stoning and peeling mechanism includes a stoning cylinder 51, a stoning blade 52 mounted on the stoning cylinder 51, a peeling cylinder 53, a peeling blade 54 mounted on the peeling cylinder 53, a stone chute 55 for collecting stones, and a baffle 56 for separating pulp. The baffle 56 is arranged above the stoning and peeling station, a flower-shaped hole 561 for extruding pulp is formed in the baffle, one end of the fruit pit chute 55 is arranged below the peeling knife 54, the other end of the fruit pit chute extends obliquely downwards, and a fruit pit box for collecting fruit pits is further arranged at the outlet of the fruit pit chute 55. The pit removing cylinder 51 is installed on the portal frame 2 and is located above the baffle 56, and the pit removing cylinder 51 is arranged downwards to drive the pit removing knife 52 from top to bottom to eject the pit and enable the pit to fall into the pit chute 55. The peeling cylinder 53 is arranged on the box body 1 and is positioned below the clamping device 34, and the peeling cylinder 53 is arranged upwards to drive the peeling knife 54 from bottom to top to eject pulp. The stoning blade 52, the peeling blade 54 and the flower-shaped hole 561 are arranged coaxially with the feed hole 346, that is, the axes of the stoning blade 52 and the peeling blade 54 pass through the centers of the flower-shaped hole 561 and the feed hole 346.
Further, in order to collect the extruded pulp, the stoning and peeling mechanism of the present invention further comprises a pulp collection device for pushing the pulp horizontally. The pulp collecting device is arranged on one side of the baffle 56 and comprises a pushing cylinder, a pushing plate, a pulp chute 57 and an electromagnetic sensor for feeding back the stoning and peeling progress. One end of the pulp chute 57 is arranged on the other side of the baffle 56, the other end of the pulp chute 57 extends obliquely downwards, and a pulp box for collecting pulp is further arranged at the outlet of the pulp chute 57. The push plate is mounted on a push cylinder which is horizontally fixedly arranged, and the push plate is driven forward from the rear direction of the baffle 56 to push out the extruded pulp horizontally and drop the pulp into the pulp chute 57. The electromagnetic sensors are respectively arranged on the stoning cylinder 51 and the peeling cylinder 53 and are electrically connected with the controller, so that the position information of the stoning cylinder 51 and the peeling cylinder 53 is fed back, and the controller judges the working progress of the two cylinders according to the received data, so as to control the starting time of the pushing cylinder. The working process is approximately as follows: after the fruit with the pedicel is cut off and reaches the stoning and peeling station, the stoning knife 52 firstly passes through the flower-shaped holes 561 from top to bottom to eject the fruit stones and enable the fruit stones to fall into the fruit stone chute 55, and the stoning knife 52 is reset; the peeling knife 54 then ejects the pulp and rind from below up and pushes the pulp out under the action of the pattern holes 561 leaving the pulp on the baffles 56 and rind on the gripping means 34; finally, the pushing cylinder drives the pushing plate to push out the pulp positioned on the baffle plate 56 horizontally, so that the pulp falls into the pulp chute 57 and enters the pulp box.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8, the waste removing mechanism includes a waste removing motor 61, a rolling brush 62 for sweeping the shells in the holding device 34, and a shell chute 63 for collecting the shells. One end of the shell chute 63 is arranged below the scrap removing station, the other end of the shell chute 63 extends obliquely downwards, and a shell box for collecting shells is further arranged at the outlet of the shell chute 63. The scrap removing motor 61 is mounted on the portal frame 2 above the scrap removing station. The rolling brush 62 is horizontally arranged above the clamping device 34 and is in transmission connection with the scrap removing motor 61, bristles of the rolling brush 62 extend into the feeding holes 346 for 5mm, and the scrap removing motor 61 drives the rolling brush 62 to sweep the shells into the shell sliding grooves 63. When the pulp is squeezed out, the shells remain in the holding device 34 or in the feed holes 346, which affects the feeding of the next fruit, so that when the shells reach the discard station, the rotating brush 62 will come into contact with the shells, the bristles of which sweep the shells remaining in the holding device 34 out into the shell chute 63, ready for the next round of filling.
As a preferable embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the rolling brush 62 is set to 80 mm in order to secure the sweeping effect of the fruit shell. If the size is too large, more internal space is occupied, the installation of other mechanisms is affected, and the aesthetic degree of the machine is reduced.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the stepper motor 31 adopts 86 series of three-phase stepper motors 31, and the series of stepper motors have the advantages of quick response, high reliability and high rotation precision. Preferably, the pre-cutting motor 41 and the scrap removing motor 61 are 24V dc motors. Preferably, in order to improve the running stability and reliability of the stoning and peeling machine, the controller adopts a Siemens PLC control system, and the system has the advantages of low error rate, high reliability, easy operation, flexible programming and stable running.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the fruit size is large, since the round hole has a defect of scraping the pulp portion, the round hole of the present invention is constructed in a flower-shaped hole 561 having a hole diameter of 28 mm and eight grooves for extruding pulp are outwardly formed at the edge of the feed hole 346. When the peeling cylinder 53 drives the peeling knife 54 to push the pulp upwards to pass through the flower-shaped holes 561 on the shell-pulp separation baffle 56, part of the pulp passes through the grooves of the flower-shaped holes 561, so that the extrusion of the flower-shaped holes 561 to the pulp and the loss of juice are reduced, the damage to the pulp is reduced, and the integrity of the pulp is ensured.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, as the outline of the fruit pit is arc-shaped, in order to avoid the deviation of the fruit pit during the pit removing operation, the diameter of the pit removing knife 52 is designed to be about 9mm, the knife head is designed to be concave inwards, and the concave part is an arc surface. After the stoning knife 52 contacts the fruit pit, the concave knife head clamps and positions the fruit pit, so that the fruit pit advances according to the movement direction of the stoning knife 52 and is finally ejected.
When the fruit is at the stoning station, the stoning cylinder 51 which is vertically fixed drives the stoning knife 52 to move downwards, the stoning knife 52 contacts with the fruit stones and continues to move downwards until the fruit stones are ejected out of the positioning holes, the stoning operation is realized, and only the fruit shells and the fruit pulp remain in the flexible positioning holes; then, the peeling cylinder 53 drives the peeling knife 54 to move upwards, the peeling knife 54 is contacted with the shell to lift the shell, and the shell and flesh separation baffle 56 is positioned above the positioning hole, so that the shell and flesh separation baffle 56 is blocked after the shell contacts the peeling cylinder 53, the stroke of the peeling knife 54 is designed to be 50mm, the stroke of the peeling knife 54 does not exceed the shell and flesh separation baffle 56, the shell and flesh separation baffle 56 is further ensured, and the flesh is extruded from the flower-shaped hole 561 under the extrusion of the peeling knife 54 due to flexibility, so that the shell and flesh separation operation is realized. Finally, the lantern-shaped pulp with the removed pit and the peeled pit is carried to a collection box by a pulp collection mechanism.
Further, in order to push the pulp in a directional manner, the pulp is prevented from falling from other places of the baffle 56, the two sides of the baffle 56 are provided with flanges, and the baffle 56 and the flanges together form a push rod pushing channel.
Furthermore, in order to improve the automation degree of the machine, the machine is provided with a plurality of sensors, the position information of each processing mechanism is fed back to the controller, and the control system processes and processes the processing action according to the sensor signals, so that the machine can be shut down and started at any time without manual mechanical reset, and can be processed by only starting a processing button through one key.
Further, the intermittent multi-stage processing stoning and peeling machine further comprises a frame, a workbench, an electric cabinet and a switch 7, wherein the switch 7 comprises a main switch, a start switch and a stop switch. The controller is installed inside the workbench. The flexible feeding mechanism, the pre-cutting mechanism, the stoning and peeling mechanism and the waste removing mechanism are all arranged on the workbench, and the controller is respectively and electrically connected with the main switch, the direct current motor, the sensor and the electromagnetic valve.
The working process and principle of the invention are as follows: firstly, manually placing fruits into flexible positioning holes (pedicles upwards) on a disc, then carrying three fruits to a pre-cutting station by a multi-stage flexible feeding mechanism, and cutting the pedicles of the fruits by a circular blade 42; then, the intermittent divider 32 drives the rotating disc 33 to rotate to a pit-removing and peeling station, the pit-removing knife 52 moves downwards to eject the pit, and the peeling knife 54 moves upwards to extrude the pulp together with the shell-meat separating baffle 56; then, the push plate moves forwards to push the pulp forwards to be carried into the pulp box; finally, the multi-stage flexible feed mechanism is turned to the discard station and the roller brush 62 brings the fruit shell out of the feed aperture 346 by a rotational movement. The invention also has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and good processing effect.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The intermittent multistage processing stoning and peeling machine is characterized by comprising a box body, a portal frame and a flexible feeding mechanism which are arranged on the box body, a controller, a pre-cutting mechanism, a stoning and peeling mechanism and a waste removing mechanism which are arranged on the portal frame;
the controller is arranged in the box body and is electrically connected with the flexible feeding mechanism, the precutting mechanism, the stoning and peeling mechanism and the waste removing mechanism respectively; the flexible feeding mechanism is positioned in the portal frame and comprises four stations of feeding, precutting, stoning and peeling and waste removal; the pre-cutting mechanism is positioned above the pre-cutting station, the stoning and peeling mechanisms are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the stoning and peeling station, and the waste removing mechanism is positioned above the waste removing station;
the flexible feeding mechanism comprises a stepping motor, an intermittent divider, a rotating disc and a clamping device for fixing fruits; the intermittent divider is fixedly arranged on the box body, the input end of the intermittent divider is connected with the stepping motor, and the stepping motor is electrically connected with the controller; the rotating disc is horizontally arranged on the intermittent divider and fixedly connected with the output end of the intermittent divider;
the clamping device comprises a clamping device body and a clamping module, wherein the clamping device body is provided with a guide hole and a supporting hole for supporting fruits; the clamping module is fixedly arranged on the clamping device body and comprises a clamping part, a guide rod, a spring and a fixing part; the fixing part is fixed on the clamping device body; the clamping part and the fixing part are both hollow semi-cylindrical structures; one end of the guide rod penetrates through the spring and penetrates into the guide hole, the other end of the guide rod is fixed with the clamping part, one end of the spring is propped against the clamping device body, the other end of the spring pushes the clamping part, the clamping part and the fixing part are combined to form a feeding hole for accommodating and adapting to the size of fruits, and the supporting hole and the feeding hole are concentrically arranged;
the clamping devices are arranged into four groups and are respectively arranged on four stations of the rotating disc, and the intermittent divider drives the clamping devices to respectively reach different stations;
the pre-cutting mechanism comprises a pre-cutting motor, a round blade and a pedicel chute for collecting pedicles; one end of the pedicel chute is arranged below the pre-cutting station, and the other end of the pedicel chute is inclined downwards; the circular blade is fixedly arranged at the output end of the pre-cutting motor; the pre-cutting motor is downwards arranged on the portal frame and drives the circular blade to cut off the pedicel;
the stoning and peeling mechanism comprises a stoning cylinder, a stoning knife arranged on the stoning cylinder, a peeling knife arranged on the peeling cylinder, a stoning chute for collecting the stones and a baffle for separating the pulp; the baffle is arranged above the stoning and peeling station, a flower-shaped hole for extruding pulp is formed in the baffle, one end of the stoning chute is arranged below the peeling knife, and the other end of the stoning chute extends obliquely downwards; the pit removing cylinder is arranged on the portal frame and is positioned above the baffle plate, and the pit removing knife is driven from top to bottom to eject the pit and enable the pit to fall into the pit chute; the peeling cylinder is arranged on the box body and positioned below the clamping device, and the peeling knife is driven from bottom to top to eject pulp; the stoning knife, the peeling knife and the flower-shaped holes are coaxially arranged with the feeding hole;
the waste removing mechanism comprises a waste removing motor, a rolling brush and a shell chute for collecting shells; one end of the shell chute is arranged below the waste removing station, and the other end of the shell chute extends obliquely downwards; the waste removing motor is arranged on the portal frame and is positioned above the waste removing station, the rolling brush is horizontally arranged above the clamping device and is in transmission connection with the waste removing motor, bristles of the rolling brush extend into the feeding hole for 5mm, and the waste removing motor drives the rolling brush to sweep the shells into the shell sliding grooves;
the clamping modules are arranged into three groups, and the three groups of clamping modules are fixed on the clamping device body side by side; the stop number of the intermittent divider is set to be 4, and the single rotation angle of the rotating disc is 90 degrees.
2. The intermittent multistage processing stoning and peeling machine according to claim 1, wherein the stoning and peeling mechanism further comprises a pulp collecting device for pushing pulp horizontally, the pulp collecting device is arranged on one side of the baffle plate and comprises a pushing cylinder, a pushing plate, a pulp chute and an electromagnetic sensor for feeding back the stoning and peeling progress; one end of the pulp chute is arranged on the other side of the baffle, and the other end of the pulp chute extends obliquely downwards; the pushing plate is arranged on the pushing cylinder, the pushing cylinder is horizontally and fixedly arranged, and the pushing plate is driven to push out the extruded pulp horizontally and fall into the pulp chute; the electromagnetic sensor is respectively arranged on the stoning cylinder and the peeling cylinder, is electrically connected with the controller, and feeds back the working states of the stoning cylinder and the peeling cylinder.
3. The intermittent multistage processing stoning and peeling machine according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the roll brush is set to 80 mm.
4. The intermittent multistage processing stoning and peeling machine according to claim 1, wherein the stepper motor is a 86 series three-phase stepper motor; the pre-cutting motor and the scrap removing motor are 24V direct current motors; the controller adopts a Siemens PLC control system.
5. The intermittent multistage processing stoning and peeling machine according to claim 1, wherein the aperture of the feeding hole is set to 28 mm, a flower-shaped hole structure design is adopted, and eight grooves for extruding pulp are formed outwards at the edge of the feeding hole.
6. The intermittent multi-stage process stoning and skinning machine of claim 1 wherein the circular blade is mounted at a height of 5mm from the feed aperture.
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| CN108402476A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-08-17 | 梧州学院 | Full-automatic hawthorn seed remover |
| CN109006955A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-12-18 | 北海和思科技有限公司 | A kind of semi-automatic squid removes epidermis device |
| CN109602030B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-11-06 | 安徽惠泽园苗木花卉种植有限公司 | A section equipment that denucleates for preserved fruit production |
| CN109674071B (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2023-04-18 | 广州市冠浩机械设备有限公司 | Longan peeling and pitting machine |
| CN110076086B (en) * | 2019-06-01 | 2021-11-09 | 同心县金垚育种科技有限公司 | Automatic cleaning, peeling and threshing machine for wine making |
| CN113994788B (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-09-20 | 山东省农业科学院 | Wild soybean seed hard solidity breaking device and method |
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| GB1032594A (en) * | 1964-08-12 | 1966-06-15 | Oltremare Ind Prodott Alimenta | Apparatus for the mechanical shelling of cashew nuts |
| KR100887531B1 (en) * | 2008-05-16 | 2009-03-11 | 문수민 | Machine for chestnut scar from knife |
| CN202035458U (en) * | 2011-03-14 | 2011-11-16 | 杨李益 | Denucleating and peeling machine for longan or leechee |
| CN104457804B (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2017-05-17 | 南京埃斯顿自动化股份有限公司 | Photoelectric type encoder assembling device |
| CN204398120U (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-06-17 | 枣庄市宏亚机床有限公司 | Gypsum line removes scraper plate waste material device automatically |
| CN204598677U (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-09-02 | 李敏祺 | The roll-type that konjaku excavates removes native adjustable earth separating mechanism |
| CN106539101B (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2022-08-02 | 华南农业大学 | Rotary disc type semi-automatic litchi stone removing and peeling machine |
| CN106666772A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-17 | 华南农业大学 | Processing method of litchi fruits |
| CN106723147B (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2022-08-09 | 温州大学 | Bulb peeling device |
| CN207220092U (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2018-04-13 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of intermittent multistage processing stoning skinning machine |
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