CN107312439A - 一种防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107312439A
CN107312439A CN201710607377.7A CN201710607377A CN107312439A CN 107312439 A CN107312439 A CN 107312439A CN 201710607377 A CN201710607377 A CN 201710607377A CN 107312439 A CN107312439 A CN 107312439A
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aqueous polyurethane
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陶灿
戎佳萌
徐杰
王继印
贾娟
潘轸
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HEFEI SIJINGQI CHEMICAL MATERIALS Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法，属于涂料技术领域，该防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料包括以下重量份的组份：水性聚氨酯乳液30‑50份、石墨烯3‑10份、稀土氧化物10‑20份、碳化硼10‑20份、纳米氧化铝乳液5‑10份、水性分散剂1‑2份、水性消泡剂1‑2份、水性润湿剂1‑2份、水性流平剂1‑2份、水性悬浮剂0.5‑2份、水性增稠剂2‑3份。本发明制备的水性聚氨酯具有优异的机械性能和粘接性能，可以大比例的加入防中子辐射的无机填料。

Description

一种防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及涂料技术领域，具体涉及一种防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着核电事业的发展，需建设很多座原子核反应堆。目前的原子核反应堆内部都有相应的防护层、屏蔽层、反射层，在原子核正常工作时，可防止中子发生外泄。但是如原子核反应堆出现异常事故，就会造成大量的中子外泄，尤其是在某些特定情况下出现杀伤性中子流时，这些外泄中子对人类及环境将带来极大的危害。中子辐射是核辐射中比γ射线更加具有破坏力和危险性的辐射，因此对中子辐射的防护更为重要。
目前对于核辐射防护以重金属以及过渡金属氧化物为主，这类材料耗材大、昂贵、加工施工难，并且难以获得一个完全屏蔽的密封体而存在潜在的危险。本发明提供了一种防中子辐射水性聚氨酯涂料，可以有效的解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明提出一种防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料及其制备方法，解决现有防中子辐射涂料材料耗材大、昂贵、加工施工难的问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料，包括以下重量份的组份：
水性聚氨酯乳液30-50份、石墨烯3-10份、稀土氧化物10-20份、碳化硼10-20份、纳米氧化铝乳液5-10份、水性分散剂1-2份、水性消泡剂1-2份、水性润湿剂1-2份、水性流平剂1-2份、水性悬浮剂0.5-2份、水性增稠剂2-3份；
所述水性聚氨酯乳液的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将60-90g大分子二元醇和30-120g二异氰酸酯以及5-25g有机氟改性石墨烯单体于90-100℃反应2-4小时；
(2)加入20-50g小分子扩链剂和8-20g亲水扩链剂I以及20-50g溶剂和0.1-0.5g催化剂，于60-80℃反应3-6小时；
(3)加入20-50g溶剂和5-15g亲水扩链剂II，于50-60℃反应0.5-1小时；
(4)加入50-100g溶剂，高速剪切下加入6-15g成盐剂，搅拌1-5分钟后加入300-800g水高速分散乳化，然后加入2-5倍水稀释的10-30g后扩链剂，高速分散30-60分钟后在真空下脱除溶剂获得水性聚氨酯。
其中，优选地，所述大分子二元醇为苯酐聚酯二元醇、聚碳酸酯二元醇、聚己内酯二元醇、端羟基聚丁二烯二元醇、聚四氢呋喃二元醇中的任意一种或几种，所述大分子二元醇的分子量为1000-4000。
其中，优选地，所述二异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、4，4`-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
其中，优选地，所述有机氟改性石墨烯单体是采用端羧基有机氟分子与还原石墨烯表面的氨基缩合得到的。
其中，优选地，所述小分子扩链剂为1,6环己二甲醇、1,6-己二醇或异山梨醇。所述亲水扩链剂I为二羟甲基丙酸或二羟甲基丁酸中的一种。
其中，优选地，所述溶剂为丙酮或丁酮。
其中，优选地，所述催化剂为辛酸亚锡、二月桂酸正丁基锡、有机Bi盐催化剂、有机Zn盐催化剂中的任意一种或几种；
其中，优选地，所述亲水扩链剂II为乙二胺基磺酸锂，所述成盐剂为三乙胺、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾，所述后扩链剂可以是异佛尔酮二胺、乙二胺或1,6己二胺。
其中，优选地，所述稀土氧化物为氧化镧，所述水性分散剂为聚丙烯酸钠；所述水性消泡剂为聚丙烯聚氧乙烯甘油醚；所述水性润湿剂为聚醚硅氧烷共聚物或聚山梨酯60；所述水性流平剂为聚醚改性有机硅；所述水性悬浮剂为水性膨润土-增稠流变剂；所述水性增稠剂为羟甲基纤维素或黄原胶。
一种防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将水性分散剂、水性消泡剂、水性悬浮剂加入到水性聚氨酯乳液中，分散均匀；
(2)加入石墨烯、稀土氧化物、碳化硼、纳米氧化铝乳液，球磨分散；
(3)加入水性润湿剂、水性流平剂和水性增稠剂，低速分散均匀后真空脱泡得到防中子辐射水性聚氨酯涂料。
本发明的有益效果：
1.本发明制备的水性聚氨酯具有优异的机械性能和粘接性能，可以大比例的加入防中子辐射的无机填料。
2.本发明制备的水性聚氨酯涂料对快中子、慢中子都具有选择性屏蔽和衰减作用，从而达到全面防护。
3.本发明制备的水性聚氨酯具有优异的防腐性能，可用于极端环境。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料，包括以下重量份的组份：水性聚氨酯乳液40份、石墨烯5份、氧化镧15份、碳化硼15份、纳米氧化铝乳液8份、聚丙烯酸钠1.5份、聚丙烯聚氧乙烯甘油醚1.5份、聚醚硅氧烷共聚物1.5份、聚醚改性有机硅1.5份、水性膨润土-增稠流变剂1.0份、黄原胶2.5份；
所述水性聚氨酯乳液的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将80g苯酐聚酯二元醇和75g甲苯二异氰酸酯以及15g有机氟改性石墨烯单体于90-100℃反应3小时；
(2)加入35g 1,6环己二甲醇和15g二羟甲基丙酸以及35g丙酮和0.3g有机Bi盐催化剂，于60-80℃反应4.5小时；
(3)加入35g丙酮和10g乙二胺基磺酸锂，于55℃反应0.5小时；
(4)加入75g丙酮，高速剪切下加入10g氢氧化钠，搅拌3分钟后加入500g水高速分散乳化，然后加入3倍水稀释的20g异佛尔酮二胺，高速分散45分钟后在真空下脱除溶剂获得水性聚氨酯。
其中，所述苯酐聚酯二元醇的分子量为2000。
其中，所述有机氟改性石墨烯单体是采用端羧基有机氟分子与还原石墨烯表面的氨基缩合得到的。
本实施例防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将聚丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯聚氧乙烯甘油醚、水性膨润土-增稠流变剂加入到水性聚氨酯乳液中，分散均匀；
(2)加入石墨烯、稀土氧化物、碳化硼、纳米氧化铝乳液，球磨分散；
(3)加入聚醚硅氧烷共聚物、聚醚改性有机硅和黄原胶，低速分散均匀后真空脱泡得到防中子辐射水性聚氨酯涂料。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料，包括以下重量份的组份：水性聚氨酯乳液30份、石墨烯10份、氧化镧10份、碳化硼20份、纳米氧化铝乳液5份、聚丙烯酸钠2份、聚丙烯聚氧乙烯甘油醚1份、聚醚硅氧烷共聚物2份、聚醚改性有机硅1份、水性膨润土-增稠流变剂2份、黄原胶2份；
所述水性聚氨酯乳液的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将60g聚碳酸酯二元醇和120g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯以及5g有机氟改性石墨烯单体于90-100℃反应4小时；
(2)加入20g 1,6-己二醇和20g二羟甲基丙酸以及20g丙酮和0.5g辛酸亚锡，于60-80℃反应3小时；
(3)加入20g丙酮和15g乙二胺基磺酸锂，于50-60℃反应0.5小时；
(4)加入100g丙酮，高速剪切下加入6g三乙胺，搅拌5分钟后加入300g水高速分散乳化，然后加入5倍水稀释的10g异佛尔酮二胺，高速分散60分钟后在真空下脱除溶剂获得水性聚氨酯。
其中，所述聚碳酸酯二元醇的分子量为1000。
其中，所述有机氟改性石墨烯单体是采用端羧基有机氟分子与还原石墨烯表面的氨基缩合得到的。
本实施例防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将聚丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯聚氧乙烯甘油醚、水性膨润土-增稠流变剂加入到水性聚氨酯乳液中，分散均匀；
(2)加入石墨烯、稀土氧化物、碳化硼、纳米氧化铝乳液，球磨分散；
(3)加入聚醚硅氧烷共聚物、聚醚改性有机硅和黄原胶，低速分散均匀后真空脱泡得到防中子辐射水性聚氨酯涂料。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料，包括以下重量份的组份：水性聚氨酯乳液50份、石墨烯3份、氧化镧20份、碳化硼10份、纳米氧化铝乳液10份、聚丙烯酸钠1份、聚丙烯聚氧乙烯甘油醚2份、聚醚硅氧烷共聚物1份、聚醚改性有机硅2份、水性膨润土-增稠流变剂0.5份、黄原胶3份；
所述水性聚氨酯乳液的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将90g聚己内酯二元醇和30g1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯以及25g有机氟改性石墨烯单体于90-100℃反应2小时；
(2)加入50g异山梨醇和8g二羟甲基丙酸以及50g丙酮和0.1g二月桂酸正丁基锡，于60-80℃反应6小时；
(3)加入20g丙酮和15g乙二胺基磺酸锂，于50-60℃反应0.5小时；
(4)加入50g丙酮，高速剪切下加入15g氢氧化钠，搅拌1分钟后加入800g水高速分散乳化，然后加入2倍水稀释的10g乙二胺，高速分散30分钟后在真空下脱除溶剂获得水性聚氨酯。
其中，所述聚己内酯二元醇的分子量为4000。
其中，所述有机氟改性石墨烯单体是采用端羧基有机氟分子与还原石墨烯表面的氨基缩合得到的。
本实施例防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将聚丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯聚氧乙烯甘油醚、水性膨润土-增稠流变剂加入到水性聚氨酯乳液中，分散均匀；
(2)加入石墨烯、稀土氧化物、碳化硼、纳米氧化铝乳液，球磨分散；
(3)加入聚醚硅氧烷共聚物、聚醚改性有机硅和黄原胶，低速分散均匀后真空脱泡得到防中子辐射水性聚氨酯涂料。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料，包括以下重量份的组份：水性聚氨酯乳液35份、石墨烯8份、氧化镧12份、碳化硼18份、纳米氧化铝乳液6份、聚丙烯酸钠1.5份、聚丙烯聚氧乙烯甘油醚1.5份、聚醚硅氧烷共聚物1.5份、聚醚改性有机硅1.5份、水性膨润土-增稠流变剂1.2份、羟甲基纤维素2.5份；
所述水性聚氨酯乳液的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将70g羟基聚丁二烯二元醇和80g4，4`-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯以及20g有机氟改性石墨烯单体于90-100℃反应3小时；
(2)加入40g异山梨醇和12g二羟甲基丁酸以及40g丁酮和0.2g机Zn盐催化剂，于60-80℃反应5小时；
(3)加入40g丁酮和12g乙二胺基磺酸锂，于50-60℃反应1小时；
(4)加入90g丁酮，高速剪切下加入12g氢氧化钾，搅拌3分钟后加入700g水高速分散乳化，然后加入4倍水稀释的12g乙二胺，高速分散50分钟后在真空下脱除溶剂获得水性聚氨酯。
其中，所述端羟基聚丁二烯二元醇的分子量为3000。
其中，所述有机氟改性石墨烯单体是采用端羧基有机氟分子与还原石墨烯表面的氨基缩合得到的。
本实施例防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将聚丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯聚氧乙烯甘油醚、水性膨润土-增稠流变剂加入到水性聚氨酯乳液中，分散均匀；
(2)加入石墨烯、稀土氧化物、碳化硼、纳米氧化铝乳液，球磨分散；
(3)加入聚醚硅氧烷共聚物、聚醚改性有机硅和羟甲基纤维素，低速分散均匀后真空脱泡得到防中子辐射水性聚氨酯涂料。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料，包括以下重量份的组份：水性聚氨酯乳液45份、石墨烯4份、氧化镧18份、碳化硼12份、纳米氧化铝乳液8份、聚丙烯酸钠1.5份、聚丙烯聚氧乙烯甘油醚1.5份、聚山梨酯60 1.5份、聚醚改性有机硅1.5份、水性膨润土-增稠流变剂1.5份、羟甲基纤维素2.5份；
所述防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯乳液的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将30g聚四氢呋喃二元醇、40g苯酐聚酯二元醇、70g 4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯以及20g有机氟改性石墨烯单体于90-100℃反应3小时；
(2)加入25g 1,6环己二甲醇和18g二羟甲基丁酸以及40g丁酮和0.2g有机Bi盐催化剂、0.2g有机Zn盐催化剂，于60-80℃反应4小时；
(3)加入35g丁酮和12g乙二胺基磺酸锂，于50-60℃反应1小时；
(4)加入90g丁酮，高速剪切下加入9g氢氧化钾，搅拌3分钟后加入400g水高速分散乳化，然后加入3倍水稀释的20g 1，6-乙二胺，高速分散45分钟后在真空下脱除溶剂获得水性聚氨酯。
其中，所述苯酐聚酯二元醇分子量2500，所述聚四氢呋喃二元醇的分子量为2000。
其中，所述有机氟改性石墨烯单体是采用端羧基有机氟分子与还原石墨烯表面的氨基缩合得到的。
本实施例防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将聚丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯聚氧乙烯甘油醚、水性膨润土-增稠流变剂加入到水性聚氨酯乳液中，分散均匀；
(2)加入石墨烯、稀土氧化物、碳化硼、纳米氧化铝乳液，球磨分散；
(3)加入聚山梨酯60、聚醚改性有机硅和羟甲基纤维素，低速分散均匀后真空脱泡得到防中子辐射水性聚氨酯涂料。
性能测试：
对实施例1～5制得的防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯乳液进行性能测试，结果如下：
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料，其特征在于包括以下重量份的组份：水性聚氨酯乳液30-50份、石墨烯3-10份、稀土氧化物10-20份、碳化硼10-20份、纳米氧化铝乳液5-10份、水性分散剂1-2份、水性消泡剂1-2份、水性润湿剂1-2份、水性流平剂1-2份、水性悬浮剂0.5-2份、水性增稠剂2-3份；
所述水性聚氨酯乳液的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将60-90g大分子二元醇和30-120g二异氰酸酯以及5-25g有机氟改性石墨烯单体于90-100℃反应2-4小时；
(2)加入20-50g小分子扩链剂和8-20g亲水扩链剂I以及20-50g溶剂和0.1-0.5g催化剂，于60-80℃反应3-6小时；
(3)加入20-50g溶剂和5-15g亲水扩链剂II，于50-60℃反应0.5-1小时；
(4)加入50-100g溶剂，高速剪切下加入6-15g成盐剂，搅拌1-5分钟后加入300-800g水高速分散乳化，然后加入2-5倍水稀释的10-30g后扩链剂，高速分散30-60分钟后在真空下脱除溶剂获得水性聚氨酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料，其特征在于：所述大分子二元醇为苯酐聚酯二元醇、聚碳酸酯二元醇、聚己内酯二元醇、端羟基聚丁二烯二元醇、聚四氢呋喃二元醇中的任意一种或几种，所述大分子二元醇的分子量为1000-4000。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料，其特征在于：所述二异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、4，4`-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料，其特征在于：所述有机氟改性石墨烯单体是采用端羧基有机氟分子与还原石墨烯表面的氨基缩合得到的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料，其特征在于：所述小分子扩链剂为1,6环己二甲醇、1,6-己二醇或异山梨醇；所述亲水扩链剂I为二羟甲基丙酸或二羟甲基丁酸中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料，其特征在于：所述溶剂为丙酮或丁酮。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料，其特征在于：所述催化剂为辛酸亚锡、二月桂酸正丁基锡、有机Bi盐催化剂、有机Zn盐催化剂中的任意一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料，其特征在于：所述亲水扩链剂II为乙二胺基磺酸锂，所述成盐剂为三乙胺、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾；所述后扩链剂可以是异佛尔酮二胺、乙二胺或1,6己二胺。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料，其特征在于：所述稀土氧化物为氧化镧；所述水性分散剂为聚丙烯酸钠；所述水性消泡剂为聚丙烯聚氧乙烯甘油醚；所述水性润湿剂为聚醚硅氧烷共聚物或聚山梨酯60；所述水性流平剂为聚醚改性有机硅；所述水性悬浮剂为水性膨润土-增稠流变剂；所述水性增稠剂为羟甲基纤维素或黄原胶。
10.一种权利要求1所述的防中子辐射的水性聚氨酯涂料的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
(1)将水性分散剂、水性消泡剂、水性悬浮剂加入到水性聚氨酯乳液中，分散均匀；
(2)加入石墨烯、稀土氧化物、碳化硼、纳米氧化铝乳液，球磨分散；
(3)加入水性润湿剂、水性流平剂和水性增稠剂，低速分散均匀后真空脱泡得到防中子辐射水性聚氨酯涂料。
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