CN107296015B - Industrial production method of aphidius gifuensis ashmead products - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a factory production method of aphidius gifuensis ashmead products, which comprises the following steps: naturally preserving and rejuvenating the aphid and the bee species, and then purifying; step (2) large seedlings are cultivated in a large-aperture seedling cultivation hole tray, and the aphids and the wasps are propagated; step (3) culturing high-density tobacco seedlings by using a small-hole floating tray, increasing the number of seedlings cultured in unit area, culturing strong-smoke breeding bees by using a large-hole special breeding bee floating tray, and inoculating high-proportion breeding bees when the average aphid amount reaches a certain amount; and (4) collecting and packaging the aphidius gifuensis ashmeads. The invention solves the problems of epidemic diseases and insufficient infrastructure of high-density breeding bees and the problems of uniformity, collection, storage and long-distance transportation of the existing stiff aphids. Meanwhile, the time limit that the conventional bee breeding link is extremely inflexible in each bee breeding process is broken through, a systematic industrial production technology of the aphidius gifuensis ashmead is formed, and the aphidius gifuensis ashmead products which are required by factory production, can be produced in large batch, are stable in quality, can be stored for a long time and are convenient to transport for a long distance are obtained.

Description

Industrial production method of aphidius gifuensis ashmead products

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of insect feeding and biological pest control, and particularly relates to an industrial production method of a aphidius gifuensis ashmead product.

Background

The invention relates to a method for breeding aphidius gifuensis ashmead by floating seedling, which is a Chinese patent (application number: 201410399950.6), and the patent application discloses that floating seedling is sowed in a full tray by using a 162-hole or 200-hole floating tray; the tobacco leaves are cut 1 time in time during the seedling period; when the tobacco seedlings grow to have 6 true leaves, inoculating the aphids to the tobacco seedlings, and allowing the tobacco aphids to propagate by self in a diffusion mode; when the number of myzus persicae reaches about 150 per plant, the ratio of myzus persicae to myzus persicae is calculated according to the ratio of bees: the aphid ratio is 1: and (5) inoculating the stiff aphids and the parasitic aphids of the required aphidius gifuensis to the cover net by the inoculation amount of 50, enabling adult bees to automatically eclose and parasitize the aphidius gifuensis, and breeding new aphidius gifuensis.

However, after 2 years of practical popularization and application, the applicant finds that: the problem that the original disc direct seeding seedling is adopted to receive the aphid and propagate the aphid in the patent is that the tobacco seedling is uneven in size, although the leaf is cut to promote the uniform, a plurality of weak seedlings still exist, the space and the nutrient are occupied, the bee breeding effect cannot be achieved, in addition, although only about 100 effective tobacco seedlings exist in each disc after the natural death, the distribution is extremely uneven, and the bee breeding level of the whole disc is also seriously influenced. The bee receiving amount in the original patent application is 1: 50, the problem that because the number of breeding bees is small, the time required for reaching the effective parasitic quantity is long, the stiff aphids are formed irregularly, the stiff aphids are formed and feathered at the same time, and the requirement of factory production of sulzer braconid wasps on the uniformity of stiff aphid groups cannot be met;

the patent and other patent applications related to the collection, packaging and refrigeration of aphidius gifuensis do not relate to or are only suitable for a few experiments and are not applicable to large-scale stiff aphid collection, packaging, refrigeration storage and low-temperature transportation technologies, and the release of aphidius gifuensis still stays at the stage of scattering stiff aphid seedlings or adult bees. There is a problem in that it is extremely inconvenient to transport over long distances. The traditional aphid seedling method is large in volume, incapable of extruding and low in space effective utilization rate, and causes overhigh transportation cost; secondly, if the aphid seedlings can not resist natural factors, the stiff aphid seedlings can not be timely scattered, and the loss is serious; the third problem is inconvenient low-temperature transportation. A large amount of stiff aphids are eclosized in the transportation process, so that great waste is caused.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a factory production method of a aphidius gifuensis ashmead product. The invention relates to a method for effectively refrigerating and storing dead aphids for a long time by adopting less-matrix seedling raising-transplanting separated breeding bees and advanced collection equipment or a special packaging mode to collect dead aphid leaves and matching with a mature long-distance low-cost refrigerating and transporting technology.

The invention aims to intensively form the stiff aphids in a short time on the basis of further improving the prior bee breeding efficiency, the collection efficiency reaches the large-scale application level, the product packaging and refrigeration technology is mature and applicable, the plates are optimized and assembled to form a running water type and circulating production method, and the aphidius gifuensis products which can be stored for a long time and are convenient to transport and release are produced.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an industrial production method of aphidius gifuensis products comprises the following steps:

naturally preserving and rejuvenating the aphid and the bee species, and then purifying;

step (2) large seedlings are cultivated in a large-aperture seedling cultivation hole tray, and the aphids and the wasps are propagated;

step (3) few-substrate seedling raising-transplanting and separate-disc bee breeding: sowing on a floating seedling raising tray with a small hole specification, transplanting tobacco seedlings with consistent growth to a special bee breeding floating tray with a large hole specification when the tobacco seedlings grow to a cat ear period, cultivating the tobacco seedlings into sound seedlings, inoculating aphids, and when the average aphid amount reaches 180-220 heads/plant, according to the bee: aphid 1: inoculating the breeding bees according to the proportion of 8-12;

collecting and packaging aphidius gifuensis ashmeads: when a large number of the stiff aphids are formed, collecting the stiff aphids by using an electric stiff aphid collector, and manufacturing a stiff aphid box, or collecting stiff aphid leaves to manufacture two forms of aphidius gifuensis products of the stiff aphid leaf box, or collecting stiff aphid seedlings for field release;

step (5), refrigerating and storing the aphidius gifuensis ashmead: according to the requirement of releasing the aphidius gifuensis ashmead, the manufactured aphidius gifuensis ashmead product is refrigerated at variable temperature under the condition of 1-10 ℃, and the effective refrigerating period is 30 days; or timely used for field release;

and (6) carrying out low-temperature transportation on the aphidius gifuensis products: and placing an ice bag in the foam box to keep the temperature in the box at 2-15 ℃ within 5 days so as to delay the emergence of bees and meet the requirement of long-distance transportation.

The production steps are carried out sequentially, and the production links of the steps are circularly reciprocated, so that the flowing water type and circulating type production method suitable for the industrial production of the aphidiidae is formed.

Further, according to local climate conditions, before low temperature comes and the field also has the activity period of the myzus persicae and the aphidius gifuensis, a plurality of non-tobacco host plants which are favored by the myzus persicae are alternately planted under outdoor natural conditions, the myzus persicae and the aphidius gifuensis in the environment are trapped and bred and parasitized naturally; transferring the aphids to a greenhouse or a greenhouse for conservation when the aphids and the aphidius gifuensis are unfavorable for propagation at low temperature in winter; after alternately breeding on various non-tobacco host plants, the myzus persicae no longer carry tobacco viruses; the aphid and aphidius gifuensis ashmead are high in stress resistance after being bred under natural conditions, and can be naturally rejuvenated and detoxified.

Further, planting flue-cured tobacco in a cover net with good sealing performance, inoculating rejuvenated myzus persicae to allow the rejuvenated myzus persicae to propagate, and continuously removing parasitic myzus persicae, stiff myzus persicae and adult bees until the parasitic myzus persicae, the stiff myzus persicae and the adult bees do not appear any more; because other aphids can not be propagated on the flue-cured tobacco, the other mixed aphids die after a period of time, and the aphid seeds are purified; transferring the purified aphids to tobacco plants in a new cover net for propagation, propagating the purified aphids in another new cover net, and inoculating the rejuvenated breeding bees, wherein the other aphidiidae do not parasitize the tobacco aphids on the tobacco plants, and after a period of time, the mixed other aphidiidae die completely, so that the breeding bees are purified; in the process of aphid breeding and bee breeding, an automatic bee collecting device is arranged on the cover net or the heavy parasitic wasps and other insects are manually removed.

Further, transplanting 5-leaf 1-core tobacco seedlings onto a large-aperture seedling raising plug tray, cultivating the tobacco seedlings by adopting a dry-wet alternative water and fertilizer management method, inoculating aphids when 7 leaves and 1 cores of the tobacco seedlings are inoculated, inoculating 18-22 aphids of rejuvenated and purified seedlings on average, forming a large number of tobacco aphids 15-17 days after inoculating the aphids, and using the average aphid amount of 800-1200 aphids per plant as the aphids for next-step bee breeding; aphid propagation is carried out according to the method, rejuvenated and purified seed bees are inoculated 9-11 days after aphid inoculation when the average aphid amount reaches 280-320 heads/plant, and the inoculation amount is that the ratio of the bees to the aphids is 1: 8-12 calculating; hanging stiff aphid leaves in a shed or placing stiff aphid seedlings in a seedling raising pool, and allowing the stiff aphid seedlings to become bees to eclose and parasitize; after inoculation, a large amount of stiff aphids are formed in 17-19 days, and the stiff aphids can be used as breeding bees for next bee breeding; and (4) covering the tobacco seedlings with a 60-mesh bee breeding cover net in time after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted until the aphid breeding and bee breeding work is finished.

Further, sowing the seedlings in the step (3) on a floating seedling raising tray with the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height of 665mm multiplied by 345mm multiplied by 35mm and 595 hole specifications, transplanting the tobacco seedlings with consistent growth to a special bee floating tray with the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height of 665mm multiplied by 345mm multiplied by 55mm and 50 hole specifications when the tobacco seedlings grow to the cat ear period, inoculating aphids when the tobacco leaves are cut flat for 1 time and cultured into 6-leaf 1-heart strong seedlings, inoculating 12-15 aphids on average for each seedling, inoculating the aphids for 9-11 days, and placing the stiff aphids in a seedling raising pool when the average aphid amount reaches 180-220 heads/plant, and letting the stiff aphids become bee feathers and parasitized; the bee receiving amount is as follows: aphid 1: inoculating the breeding bees according to the proportion of 8-12, shortening the parasitic time and enabling the stiff aphid groups to grow regularly and consistently; after the inoculation of the bees, a large number of stiff aphids are formed in 17-19 days, and the stiff aphids can be used for collecting and manufacturing products, or stiff aphid seedlings are collected and used for field release; and (4) covering the tobacco seedlings with a 60-mesh bee breeding cover net in time after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted until the bee breeding work is finished.

Further, the electric stiff aphid collector in the step (4) comprises a machine body 1, a mobile power supply 2, a micro direct current motor 3, a variable frequency speed regulator 4, a battery clamp 5, an electric rotating chuck 6, a brush head 7 and a direct current transformer 8, wherein the micro direct current motor 3 is arranged on the machine body 1, the electric rotating chuck 6 is arranged on a transmission shaft of the micro direct current motor 3, and a brush head 7 rod is fixed on the electric rotating chuck 6; the brush head 7 is made by fixing four or more rows of U-shaped bristles 9 on a brush head rod; the mobile power supply 2 or the direct current transformer 8 is connected with the micro direct current motor 3 through the variable frequency speed regulator 4; the portable power source 2 is fixed in the battery holder 5.

Further, in the step (4), when a large number of the stiff aphids are formed, stiff aphid leaves are collected, impurities are removed through an electric stiff aphid brush, the stiff aphids are collected, the stiff aphids are placed in a customized box to form a stiff aphid box, the box body consists of an outer box and an inner box, the outer box is a square body with two open ends, and the inner box is a square groove with one open side and filled with the stiff aphids; or wetting the stiff aphid leaves with a bactericide aqueous solution after removing impurities, rolling the stiff aphid leaves into a cylinder by corrugated paper, and then filling the cylinder into a customized packaging box to form a stiff aphid leaf box; the box body for packaging the stiff aphids is made of paper materials which are easy to degrade.

Further, according to the stiff aphid box manufactured in the step (5), the box body is sprayed with a bactericide water solution, then the box body is sealed by a plastic bag for preserving moisture, and the sealed stiff aphid box is placed in a foam box; the box body does not need to be moistened and sealed for moisturizing; the prepared product is placed in a refrigeration house with the temperature of 10-12 ℃ for pre-refrigeration for 1 day in time, and then is transferred into the refrigeration house with the temperature of 1-10 ℃ for cold storage, the effective refrigeration period is 30 days, or the prepared product is used for field release in time.

Further, the stiff aphid product in the step (6) is transported in a low-temperature mode of a foam box and an ice bag, a proper amount of ice bag is placed in the foam box according to the transportation time requirement, the temperature in the box is kept at 2-15 ℃ within 5 days, the emergence of bees is delayed, and the long-distance transportation requirement is met.

One of the innovation points of the invention is that through natural conservation and rejuvenation of the breeding aphids and the breeding bees, the natural population characteristics of the breeding aphids and the breeding bees are kept, the capability of the breeding aphids and the breeding bees to adapt to the natural environment is ensured, the degeneration of the breeding aphids and the breeding bees under the condition of artificial feeding is avoided, and the problems of disease and virus caused by high-density propagation in a small range for a long time are solved.

The root of any bee breeding mode is aphid and bee species. Because the prior bee breeding work is carried out in a greenhouse or a shed with human intervention, the degradation of aphids and aphidiidae becomes inevitable under the excellent conditions of wind and rain shielding and sufficient food and hosts for a long time. The influence is obviously shown in the aspects of disease resistance and reproductive capacity of aphids and aphidiidae. Selecting the aphids and the aphidiidae which are selected naturally as the original seeds to be introduced into the bee breeding base through field seed selection. The disease resistance and reproductive capacity of the optimized aphid species bee are obviously improved.

The second innovation of the invention is that the large-aperture seedling raising tray is adopted to culture strong big tobacco seedlings and propagate the breeding aphids and the breeding bees, the efficiency is high, more importantly, the quality is good, the duration is long, and the continuous supply of the breeding aphids and the breeding bees can be ensured.

The third innovation point of the invention is that the method comprises the steps of few-substrate seedling raising and transplanting and separately breeding bees. The existing direct seeding bee breeding and seedling raising quantity is large, a single seedling raising work occupies all bee breeding greenhouses for one month, the circular, efficient and uninterrupted bee breeding required by industrialized bee breeding is greatly influenced, and conflicts with the greenhouses for tobacco seedling raising in fields in regions without special bee breeding greenhouses. Compared with the original method, the method can greatly reduce the occupation of the seedling raising greenhouse during the seedling raising period by raising the seedlings with less substrates. During seedling raising, the number of the greenhouse occupied by the method is only one eighth of that of the original method.

In addition, the invention uses the small-hole floating tray to cultivate high-density tobacco seedlings, increases the seedling growing quantity in unit area, and uses the large-hole special bee breeding floating tray to cultivate large-tobacco seedling breeding bees, thereby not only improving the bee breeding efficiency in unit area, but also facilitating the collection of the dead aphids in the next step; more importantly, the special large-hole bee breeding floating disc reduces the density of tobacco seedlings, so that the adult bees can parasitize aphids on the middle and lower parts of the tobacco seedlings, the stiff aphids can parasitize uniformly from the bottoms to the tops of the tobacco seedlings, the stiff aphids are formed in a centralized manner in a short time, the emergence rate in a peak period is low, and the utilization rate and the collection efficiency are improved.

The invention is characterized by advanced collection, packaging, storage and transportation of the aphid. The conventional stiff aphid collecting device and method are low in efficiency and large in damage, and the use cost is overhigh. Through continuous practice and innovation, the number of the dead aphids collected by the new generation of dead aphid collector developed by the invention is increased to more than 10 ten thousand per person in 8 hours per day, the collection damage is reduced to within 10 percent, and the comprehensive production cost is controlled to be below 1.5 yuan/100.

The stiff aphid collector comprises a U-shaped brush head 7, a micro direct current motor 3, a mobile power supply 2, a power line and the like. The invention is mainly characterized in that the brush hair on the brush head is U-shaped, and the brush head is made by fixing four or more rows of U-shaped nylon wires on a brush head rod. The stiff aphids can be smoothly swept down by the U-shaped bristles which are made of soft materials, the U-shaped bristles are large in contact area and have certain elasticity when exerting force on the stiff aphids, the sweeping rate is high, the stiff aphids can be brushed down more easily than conventional straight bristles, and the damage rate is lower.

The miniature direct current motor can carry out the speed governing, can be according to the stiff aphid leaf adjustment rotational speed of difference, improves collection efficiency under the condition of minimize damage. The collector can be used for collecting the stiff aphids on the leaves with different sizes and can also be used for collecting the stiff aphids on the branches with different sizes. The invention can be operated in the bee breeding shed, and the motor can be fixed on the collecting platform. The method has high collection efficiency and low damage rate, and effectively solves the problem of stiff aphid collection in the large-scale production of aphidiidae products.

In addition, the invention abandons the previous idea of sticking the stiff aphids on the card paper to manufacture the stiff aphid cards, adopts the form of stiff aphid boxes or stiff aphid leaf boxes, reduces the damage to the stiff aphids as much as possible, greatly improves the packaging efficiency on the premise of improving the emergence rate of the stiff aphid products, and simultaneously meets the packaging requirements of rain resistance, sun protection, insect prevention, beauty and practicability. The former stiff aphid product is directly put into the freezer after the packing and stores, and along with the extension of storage time, the eclosion rate constantly reduces, seriously influences product quality. Through experimental research, the main reason for the reduced eclosion rate at the proper diapause temperature is dehydration. The water vapor is condensed under the condition of low temperature, the relative humidity is low, and the stiff aphids are dehydrated; and increasing the humidity under low temperature conditions is difficult to achieve. The paper box body of the stiff aphid box is moistened by the aqueous solution of the bactericide, and the stiff aphid box is sealed and refrigerated by adopting a plastic bag, so that the stiff aphid can be prevented from being dehydrated and mildewed, and the eclosion rate after refrigeration is greatly improved; the stiff aphid leaves are wetted by a bactericide aqueous solution and then rolled into a cylinder by corrugated paper, so that the stiff aphids can be prevented from being dehydrated and mildewed, the corrugated paper cannot cling to the leaves to extrude the stiff aphids, and gaps among the corrugated paper can fully meet the requirement of bee formation diffusion; the box body is made of paper materials which are easy to degrade, and is low-carbon and environment-friendly. During transportation, a packaging transportation mode of the ice bags and the foam boxes is adopted, different ice bag volumes are configured according to different distances and transportation time, the temperature during transportation is controlled to be 2-15 ℃, and the temperature in the boxes slowly rises, so that eclosion waste in the transportation process can be avoided, and diapause can be effectively relieved.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: after the technology is improved, the bee breeding efficiency of each square meter is improved to over 12 ten thousand from 10 thousand in the prior art, and the stiff aphids are intensively formed in a short time; solves the problems of degeneration after artificial domestication, epidemic disease of long-term high-density propagation, insufficient infrastructure and low collection, storage and transportation efficiency in the past. Meanwhile, the time limit that the conventional bee releasing link for various breeding bees is extremely inflexible is broken, a systematic industrial production technology of the aphidius gifuensis ashmead is formed, and the aphidius gifuensis ashmead products which are required by factory production, can be produced in large scale, have stable quality, can be stored for a long time and are convenient to transport are obtained.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph of effective aphid changes for two bee breeding modes;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a collector according to the present invention;

figure 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the head 7;

FIG. 4 is a view showing a state of use of the brush head;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change in the eclosion rate during cold storage and after removal;

the labels in the figure are: 1-machine body, 2-mobile power supply, 3-micro DC motor, 4-variable frequency speed regulator, 5-battery clamp, 6-electric rotary chuck, 7-brush head, 8-DC transformer, 9-U-shaped brush hair and 10-blade.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following technical solutions.

In 2016 + 2017, the applicant unit provides 10 ten thousand mu of flue-cured tobacco and various other crops of stiff aphids needed for preventing and controlling aphids according to the scheme with high quality in the breeding base of Aphidius gifuensis Koch.

Example 1 (comparison of bee breeding efficiency between two tobacco seedling cultivation methods)

(1) Tobacco seedling cultivation

Treatment i (original method): in the bee breeding shed, floating plates with the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height of 66.5cm multiplied by 34cm multiplied by 5.5cm and the specification of 162 holes are used for sowing and breeding seedlings according to the floating seedling breeding requirement, and each plate contains 162 strains. When the tobacco seedling has 5 true leaves, the leaf is cut horizontally once according to the leaf cutting requirement of the floating tobacco seedling.

Treatment ii (inventive process): in the same bee breeding shed, floating plates with the length, width and height of 66.5cm, 34cm, 3.5cm and 595 holes are used for sowing and breeding according to the floating breeding requirement. When the tobacco seedlings grow to the cat ear stage, orderly and strong tobacco seedlings are selected and transplanted into a special bee floating tray at intervals, and 50 plants are transplanted in each tray. When the transplanted seedling has 5 true leaves, the leaf is cut once according to the leaf cutting requirement of the floating tobacco seedling.

(2) Inoculating and breeding aphids

Treatment i (original method): when the 6 th leaf is formed on the tobacco seedling, the aphid planting leaf is spread on the tobacco seedling with the back side downward, the aphid is allowed to diffuse automatically, when about 10 aphids per plant exist on the tobacco seedling, the aphid planting leaf is replaced on the new tobacco seedling, and the new tobacco seedling is covered by a 60-mesh insect-proof net in time after the aphid is received.

Treatment ii (inventive process): when the 6 th leaf is formed on the tobacco seedling, the aphid planting leaf is spread on the tobacco seedling with the back side downward, and the aphid planting leaf is changed to a new tobacco seedling when the average number of the aphids on the tobacco seedling is 13, and the new tobacco seedling is covered by a 60-mesh insect-proof net in time after receiving the aphid.

(3) Inoculating and breeding bee

Treatment i (original method): when the average aphid amount is about 150 heads/disc, the ratio of bees: aphid ratio of 1: 50, inoculating the stiff aphids, covering the floating disc with a 60-mesh insect-proof net after inoculating the bees, and searching for the myzus persicae parasitism by adult bees.

Treatment ii (inventive process): when the average aphid amount is about 200 heads/disc, according to the ratio of bees: aphid ratio of 1: and 10, inoculating the stiff aphids, covering the floating disc with a 60-mesh insect-proof net after inoculating the bees, and searching for myzus persicae parasitism by adult bees.

(4) Aphid and bee breeding management

When receiving aphids, the sunshade net is folded to enhance the illumination; performing water and fertilizer management according to the management requirements of conventional floating tobacco seedlings, and preferably keeping the tobacco seedlings in vigorous growth and tender green leaves; the temperature in the greenhouse is kept between 20 and 30 ℃ as much as possible by folding and unfolding the greenhouse film and the sunshade net.

(5) Survey statistics

And (3) surveying 1 time every day from 13d to 20d after bee inoculation by adopting a parallel sampling method, and collectively extracting 10 trays of tobacco seedlings from the two ends and the middle part of the seedling pond to survey the effective seedling quantity. Then 10 tobacco seedlings are extracted from each tray, and the number of parasitic aphids and stiff aphids and the number of emergence are counted.

(6) Bee breeding effect

The results show that treatment I is directly seeding in a small seedling raising hole, tobacco seedlings grow irregularly, and in addition, the density is high, aphids feed, part of the tobacco seedlings die, and the average effective tobacco seedlings are 101.4, which is shown in Table 1. After inoculation, 17d of stiff aphids is rapidly increased, 19d of bee breeding amount (stiff aphids + parasitic aphids) reaches a maximum value 24114 heads/disc, the average stiff aphid amount from 17d to 19d is 12036 heads/disc, and the stiff aphid amount is obviously reduced after 20 d. Because the density of the tobacco seedlings is high, the parasitism of adult bees on aphids at the middle and lower parts of the tobacco seedlings is influenced, the number of the added breeding bees is small, the time for reaching the effective parasitism amount is long, the stiff aphids are extremely irregular, the stiff aphids feather while forming, the feathering rate of the 17 d-19 d stiff aphids in the peak period is rapidly increased from 16.44% to 37.35%, the feathering rate averagely reaches 26.21%, the most effective stiff aphids are 9156 heads/disc, and the averagely reaches 8700 heads/disc, so that the collection utilization rate of the stiff aphids is greatly reduced, and the table 2 and the figure 1 show that the collection utilization rate of the stiff aphids is greatly reduced. And the treatment II is to transplant tobacco seedlings with consistent growth, the tobacco seedling density is low, the ventilation and the light transmission are good, the tobacco seedlings are cultivated in a larger seedling raising hole, the tobacco seedlings are developed in root systems, strong in seedlings and more in leaves, and the average number of the tobacco seedlings is 49.7, which is shown in Table 1. The bee breeding amount reaches 17079 heads/disc after 13d, the bee breeding amount reaches the maximum value of 28998 heads/disc after 17d to 19d, the average bee breeding amount is 28966 heads/disc from 17d to 19d, and the bee breeding amount is obviously reduced after 20 d. Because the density of tobacco seedlings is low and the number of breeding bees is large, the parasitic efficiency and the forming uniformity of the stiff aphids are greatly improved, the emergence rate of the stiff aphids in the peak forming period of 17-19 days is only 6.44% -9.18%, the emergence rate is 7.96% on average, the maximum effective stiff aphids are 15897 heads/disc, and the emergence rate is 15405 heads/disc on average. The stiff aphids are intensively formed in a short time, the emergence rate in a peak period is low, and the collection utilization rate of the stiff aphids is improved, which is shown in a table 2 and a figure 1.

TABLE 1 effective Stiff aphid number (plants/discs) for two tobacco seedling densities

TABLE 2 bee reproduction effect of two bee reproduction modes

Example 2 (electric stiff aphid collector manufacturing)

Fig. 2 and 3 show an electric aphid collector used in this embodiment, which includes a machine body 1, a mobile power supply 2, a micro dc motor 3, a variable frequency speed regulator 4, a battery clamp 5, an electric rotary clamp 6, a brush head 7 and a dc transformer 8.

The machine body 1 is L-shaped, and is convenient for hand-held operation. The lower end of the short side of the L-shaped machine body is provided with a micro direct current motor 3 and an electric rotary chuck 6. A micro direct current motor 3 is arranged in the machine body 1, an electric rotating chuck 6 is arranged on a transmission shaft of the micro direct current motor 3, and a brush head 7 rod is fixed on the electric rotating chuck 6; the U-shaped brush head 7 is made by fixing four rows of U-shaped brush hairs 9 on a brush head rod, and the U-shaped brush hairs 9 are made of nylon threads; the soft brush head is made of soft nylon thread.

The mobile power supply 2 or the direct current transformer 8 is connected with the micro direct current motor 3 through the variable frequency speed regulator 4; the portable power source 2 is fixed in the battery holder 5.

When the collector is used, the brush head is arranged in the distance between the brush head and the blades, the brush head 7 rotates after the collector is started, the stiff aphids are caught by the U-shaped brush head, and the stiff aphids on the blades 10 are swept down smoothly, as shown in figure 4. When the portable power source 2 is used outdoors, the portable power source can be fixed on the battery clamp 5 and can be operated by a single hand. When the indoor use is carried out, the direct current transformer 8 is connected with a power socket for use.

The variable-frequency speed regulator 4 can regulate the rotating speed of the motor 3 between 500 and 1500 r/min. When the stiff aphids propagated by the tobacco plant breeding method are collected, the stiff aphids on the leaves are large and high in hardness and are tightly adhered to the leaves, so that the rotating speed of the motor 3 can be adjusted to 1000-1500r/min through the variable-frequency speed regulator 4; when the stiff aphids bred by the floating tobacco seedling breeding method are collected, the rotational speed of the motor 3 can be adjusted to 500 plus 1000r/min because the stiff aphids on the leaves are small in size, low in hardness and not tightly adhered to the leaves. And the rotating speed is flexibly adjusted according to the damage and the efficiency according to the actual condition during specific implementation.

The brush head 7 is fixed by the electric rotating chuck 6, and when the brush head 7 is damaged or is infected with more sundries after a period of time, the electric rotating chuck 6 can be loosened to replace or clean the brush head.

Example 3 (Stiff aphid Collection, packaging, Cold storage and Low-temperature transport)

(1) Stiff aphid collection and packaging

According to the method, the bees are propagated, stiff aphid seedlings are collected in time and transported to the indoor in the peak period (about 17-19 days after bee inoculation) when a large number of stiff aphid seedlings are formed and the emergence rate is low, aphids, parasitic aphids and other impurities on the stiff aphid leaves are swept away by using the soft hairbrush electric stiff aphid collector, the stiff aphids are collected by using the U-shaped hairbrush electric stiff aphid collector and used for manufacturing stiff aphid boxes, 100-500 stiff aphids can be contained in each box, and the specific number is determined according to the bee releasing requirement; spraying a bactericide water solution on the box body of the stiff aphid box, and sealing and moisturizing the box body by using a plastic bag, wherein 50 boxes or 100 boxes are packed in each bag; or spraying a bactericide water solution on the stiff aphid leaves with more stiff aphid after impurities are removed, rolling corrugated paper into a cylinder, and then packaging into a packaging box to form a stiff aphid leaf box, wherein 100-500 stiff aphids can be contained in each box, the specific number is determined according to the requirement of releasing the bees, and the stiff aphid leaf box does not need to moisten the box body and seal and moisturize; the stiff aphid seedlings which cannot be used in time are placed in a refrigeration house at the temperature of about 10-12 ℃ for standby, and the preservation time is preferably not more than 2 days.

(2) Freezing storage of aphid product

And (3) putting the prepared stiff aphid product into a foam box, pre-refrigerating for 1 day in a refrigeration house at the temperature of 10-12 ℃, and then transferring into the refrigeration house at the temperature of 1-10 ℃ for refrigeration. After refrigeration, 3 boxes are taken out every 5 days and placed in a room for eclosion, and the eclosion quantity is counted. Under the condition of changing the temperature of 1-10 ℃, the eclosion rate of the cold storage for 30 days is more than 80%, and the eclosion rate of the cold storage for 35 days is rapidly reduced to 66.3%, namely the effective cold storage period is 30 days, which is shown in a table 3 and a figure 5. The stiff aphid product which needs to be used in a short time is placed in a cold storage of 10-12 ℃ for being stored for 7 days, and the emergence rate is more than 90%.

TABLE 3 eclosion percentage of Stiff aphid product after refrigeration (%)

(3) Low-temperature transportation of stiff aphid products

Respectively placing the packaged stiff aphid box products in 0.05m bags filled with different numbers of ice bags³In the foam box (2500 boxes per box), a temperature and humidity automatic recorder is placed in the foam box, the foam box is sealed and then placed in a room with the temperature of 20-35 ℃, the foam box is taken out at regular time and placed in the room to allow eclosion, and the eclosion rate of 5 boxes in the foam box is counted. According to the temperature change condition and the eclosion rate of the humiture recorder, the eclosion rate of more than 80 percent is used asLower limit, make a transportation time reference table, see table 4.

TABLE 4 emergence rate of Stiff aphid product under foam chamber low temperature conditions (%)

Time in the box	Ice bag volume (L)	In-box temperature (. degree. C.)	Eclosion Rate (%)
				12	1	5.3-13.5	94.2
24	2	5.3-13.5	95.0
				36	3	5.2-14.6	94.1
48	4	4.8-13.4	93.2
				60	4	4.6-14.9	93.5
72	5	4.2-14.8	91.3
				84	7	3.9-14.5	90.2
96	8	3.1-14.6	89.5
				108	10	2.1-14.1	88.3
120	10	2.3-14.7	87.6

The foregoing is directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. An industrial production method of aphidius gifuensis products is characterized by comprising the following steps:

naturally preserving and rejuvenating the aphid and the bee species, and then purifying;

step (2) large seedlings are cultivated in a large-aperture seedling cultivation hole tray, and the aphids and the wasps are propagated;

step (3) few-substrate seedling raising-transplanting and separate-disc bee breeding: sowing on a floating seedling raising tray with a small hole specification, transplanting tobacco seedlings with consistent growth to a special bee breeding floating tray with a large hole specification when the tobacco seedlings grow to a cat ear period, cultivating the tobacco seedlings into sound seedlings, inoculating aphids, and when the average aphid amount reaches 180-220 heads/plant, according to the bee: aphid = 1: inoculating the breeding bees according to the proportion of 8-12;

collecting and packaging aphidius gifuensis ashmeads: when a large number of the stiff aphids are formed, collecting the stiff aphids by using an electric stiff aphid collector, and manufacturing a stiff aphid box, or collecting stiff aphid leaves to manufacture two forms of aphidius gifuensis products of the stiff aphid leaf box;

step (5), refrigerating and storing the aphidius gifuensis ashmead: according to the requirement of releasing the aphidius gifuensis ashmead, the manufactured aphidius gifuensis ashmead product is refrigerated at variable temperature, and the effective refrigeration period is 30 days;

according to local climatic conditions, before low temperature comes, in the field, in the activity period of the myzus persicae and the aphidius gifuensis, a plurality of non-tobacco host plants which the myzus persicae likes to take food are alternately planted under outdoor natural conditions, the myzus persicae and the aphidius gifuensis in the environment are induced and collected, and the myzus persicae and the aphidius gifuensis are naturally propagated and parasitized; transferring the aphids to a greenhouse or a greenhouse for conservation when the aphids and the aphidius gifuensis are unfavorable for propagation at low temperature in winter; after alternately breeding on various non-tobacco host plants, the myzus persicae no longer carry tobacco viruses; the aphid and aphidius gifuensis ashmead are high in stress resistance after being bred under natural conditions, and can be naturally rejuvenated and detoxified;

the electric stiff aphid collector in the step (4) comprises a machine body (1), a mobile power supply (2), a micro direct current motor (3), a variable frequency speed regulator (4), a battery clamp (5), an electric rotating chuck (6), a brush head (7) and a direct current transformer (8), wherein the micro direct current motor (3) is arranged on the machine body (1), the electric rotating chuck (6) is installed on a transmission shaft of the micro direct current motor (3), and a brush head (7) rod is fixed on the electric rotating chuck (6); the brush head (7) is made by fixing four or more rows of U-shaped bristles (9) on a brush head rod; the mobile power supply (2) or the direct current transformer (8) is connected with the micro direct current motor (3) through the variable frequency speed regulator (4); the mobile power supply (2) is fixed in the battery clamp (5);

the step (5) is that the stiff aphid box is manufactured according to the requirement of releasing the bees, the box body is sprayed with a bactericide water solution, then a plastic bag is used for sealing and moisturizing, and the sealed stiff aphid box is arranged in a foam box; the box body does not need to be moistened and sealed for moisturizing; the prepared product is placed in a refrigeration house with the temperature of 10-12 ℃ for pre-refrigeration for 1 day in time, and then is transferred into the refrigeration house with the temperature of 1-10 ℃ for refrigeration, and the effective refrigeration period is 30 days;

and (6) the aphidius gifuensis ashmead product is transported in a low-temperature mode of a foam box and an ice bag, a proper amount of ice bag is placed in the foam box according to the transportation time requirement, the temperature in the box is kept at 2-15 ℃ within 5 days, emergence of adult bees is delayed, and the long-distance transportation requirement is met.

2. The industrial production method of aphidius gifuensis ashmead products according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the step (1), flue-cured tobacco is planted in a well-closed cover net, rejuvenated aphids are inoculated for being propagated, parasitic aphids, stiff aphids and adult bees are continuously eliminated until no more aphids appear; because other aphids can not be propagated on the flue-cured tobacco, the other mixed aphids die after a period of time, and the aphid seeds are purified; transferring the purified aphids to tobacco plants in a new cover net for propagation, propagating the purified aphids in another new cover net, and inoculating the rejuvenated breeding bees, wherein the other aphidiidae do not parasitize the tobacco aphids on the tobacco plants, and after a period of time, the mixed other aphidiidae die completely, so that the breeding bees are purified; in the process of aphid breeding and bee breeding, an automatic bee collecting device is arranged on the cover net or the heavy parasitic wasps and other insects are manually removed.

3. The industrial production method of aphidius gifuensis products as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), tobacco seedlings with 5 leaves and 1 core are transplanted to a large-aperture seedling raising aperture disk for continuous cultivation, aphids are inoculated when the tobacco seedlings with 7 leaves and 1 core, each seedling is inoculated with 18-22 aphids after rejuvenation and purification on average, a large number of aphids are formed 15-17 days after aphid inoculation, and the aphids can be used as the aphids for next bee breeding when the average aphid amount reaches 800-1200 aphids per plant; aphid propagation is carried out according to the method, rejuvenated and purified seed bees are inoculated 9-11 days after aphid inoculation when the average aphid amount reaches 280-320 heads/plant, and the inoculation amount is that the ratio of the bees to the aphids is 1: 8-12 calculating; hanging stiff aphid leaves in a shed or placing stiff aphid seedlings in a seedling raising pool, and allowing the stiff aphid seedlings to become bees to eclose and parasitize; after inoculation, a large amount of stiff aphids are formed in 17-19 days, and the stiff aphids can be used as breeding bees for next bee breeding; and (4) covering the tobacco seedlings with a 60-mesh bee breeding cover net in time after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted until the aphid breeding and bee breeding work is finished.

4. The method for industrially producing aphidius gifuensis ashmead products as claimed in claim 1, wherein step (3) is to sow on a floating seedling tray with the specifications of 665mm x 345mm x 35mm and 595 holes, when the tobacco seedling grows to the cat ear stage, transplanting the tobacco seedling with consistent growth on a special bee floating tray with the specifications of 665mm x 345mm x 55mm and 50 holes for cultivation, inoculating aphids when strong seedlings with 6 leaves and 1 heart are cultivated by flat cutting tobacco leaves for 1 time, inoculating 12-15 aphids on each seedling on average, inoculating aphids 9-11 days after inoculating, when the average aphid amount reaches 180-220 heads/plant, placing the stiff aphids in a seedling pool, and enabling the stiff aphids to become bee emergence and parasitism; the bee receiving amount is as follows: aphid = 1: inoculating the breeding bees according to the proportion of 8-12, shortening the parasitic time and enabling the stiff aphid groups to grow regularly and consistently; after the inoculation of the bees, a large number of stiff aphids are formed in 17-19 days, the stiff aphids can be used for collecting and making products, and after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the tobacco seedlings are covered by a 60-mesh bee breeding cover net in time until the bee breeding work is finished.

5. The industrial production method of aphidius gifuensis products as claimed in claim 1, wherein step (4) collects stiff aphid leaves when a large number of stiff aphids are formed, removes impurities with an electric stiff aphid collector, collects the stiff aphids, and places the stiff aphids in a customized box to become a stiff aphid box, the box body is composed of an outer box and an inner box, the outer box is a square body with openings at both ends, and the inner box is a square groove with an opening at one side and filled with the stiff aphids; or wetting the stiff aphid leaves with a bactericide aqueous solution after removing impurities, rolling the stiff aphid leaves into a cylinder by corrugated paper, and then filling the cylinder into a customized packaging box to form a stiff aphid leaf box; the box body for packaging the stiff aphids is made of paper materials which are easy to degrade.

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