CN108184590A - A kind of ginseng germplasm resource conservation and seed seedling mating system - Google Patents
A kind of ginseng germplasm resource conservation and seed seedling mating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108184590A CN108184590A CN201810082181.5A CN201810082181A CN108184590A CN 108184590 A CN108184590 A CN 108184590A CN 201810082181 A CN201810082181 A CN 201810082181A CN 108184590 A CN108184590 A CN 108184590A
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Abstract
The present invention, which is provided, includes excellent ginseng kind or germ plasm resource isolation implant in a kind of indoor ginseng germplasm resource conservation of sunlight and seed seedling mating system, the technical method（1）The locational choice,（2）Heliogreenhouse framework,（3）Bed soil substrate preparation,（4）Dig disinfection paving soil,（5）Orientation do bed,（6）Presprouting of seeds processing,（7）The foundation of germ plasm resource propagation nursery,（8）Seeding method,（9）Growing season management（10）Stock breeding method,（11）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control（12）Seed pod harvest and the storage of seeds,（13）Seedling acts the methods of receiving and storing.The present invention provides the ginseng germplasm protection of resources of science and seed seedling mating system according to the biological characteristics of ginseng, and material guarantee and technical support are provided for ginseng Germ-plasma resources protection and creative utilization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Chinese medicine mating system, i.e., a kind of ginseng germplasm resource conservation and seed seedling breeding side
Method.
Background technology
Ginseng（Panaxginseng.C.A.Mey.）Araliaceae ginseng plant, China's ginseng breeding work is from the fifties
Starting, nearly 70 years as long as so far, but evaluated and fallen behind due to plasm resource protection, ginseng seeds breeding coefficient is relatively low in addition, after
In generation, expands numerous difficulty, causes ginseng group less for the excellent mutative material of breed breeding, breeding work is made slow progress always.Only
Have by the collection of ginseng germplasm resource, introduction, preservation, evaluation research, to realize pure, excellent people truly
Join Germ-plasma resources protection.The technology of more advanced stock breeding is only studied, could realize the improved variety of ginseng.The application side
Method has not been reported through retrieval.
Invention content
The present invention is that ginseng germplasm resource conservation and seed seedling mating system are provided under above-mentioned background, reduces environment shadow
It rings, promotes ginseng improved variety process, establish stable introduces a collection base, provide fine provenance for production, carried out in heliogreenhouse
Ginseng germplasm resource conservation and seed seedling mating system.
The technology of the present invention solution is：A kind of ginseng germplasm resource conservation and seed seedling mating system, feature exist
In including the following steps：（1）The locational choice,（2）Heliogreenhouse framework,（3）Bed soil substrate preparation,（4）Dig disinfection paving soil,
（5）Orientation do bed,（6）Presprouting of seeds processing,（7）The foundation of germ plasm resource propagation nursery,（8）Seeding method,（9）Growing season management,
（10）Stock breeding method,（11）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control,（12）Seed pod harvest and the storage of seeds,（13）Seedling plays the side such as receipts and storage
Method.
It is as follows under specific steps：
（1）The locational choice
Stock breeding area is selected in Tonghua, selects by air port, periphery afforestation rate will reach more than 80%, without air, water source
Heliogreenhouse is built in the plot of pollution sources.
（2）Heliogreenhouse framework
Semi-arched heliogreenhouse, framework is length 70-80m, span 7-8m, top width 3-4m, the high 3-3.5m of wall, before
It is steel-tube construction supporting rack, bottom is built into the brick wall of 50cm high, and rear survey is the wall that concrete is built into；Chamber door is stayed in both sides, puts room
Mouse plate.
（3）Bed soil substrate preparation
It chooses a large amount of dry branches and fallen leaves in woods to rot to degrade, soil fertile, loose, rich in humus, organic matter adds kind of a battalion
It supports substance and bio-bacterial manure, carry out biofermentation jointly 40 days, obtain bed soil matrix.
（4）Disinfection paving of digging is native
It is whole thin that bed soil sieving will be prepared, make to reach that the soil is porous, for preventing disease and pest, shine soil disinfection.
（5）Orientation makees bed
Bed soil will be prepared equably to be layered on greenhouse floor, bed is made after leveling；Ginseng bed is perpendicular to greenhouse long array, the nursery height of bed
25-30cm, the height of bed of reserving seed for planting stay work road in 30-40cm, operation road width 30cm between bed and at heliogreenhouse brick wall.
（6）Presprouting of seeds is handled
Fresh seed vernalization is taken, seed is pressed into seed：Fine sand=1：3 ratio mixing, is respectively charged into woven bag, Different Provenances point
Bag isolation vernalization.
It germinates indoors pond, seed packet is lain according to number in germination pond, bag upper cover sand and plastic foil is planted, plants
Temperature, humidity are adjusted until ginseng seeds reach 80% breach completion morphology after-ripening, after by less than 4 DEG C low temperature, storage 2-3
Month, complete physiology after-ripening.
（7）Germ plasm resource propagation nursery is established
Germ plasm resource original material garden；Various variation types are mainly planted, according to source type, feature, number, at one
Branch, a point cell are planted in daylight canopy.
Stock breeding field is seed field, for expanding the production of the seed of numerous popularization, in independent one or several heliogreenhouses
Plantation.
Nursery field；It is sowed in independent daylight canopy, cultivates annual seedling, supply production seedling.
（8）Seeding method
Autumn sowing is taken, generally in early October to freeze-up preceding progress；Planting hole is extruded with platen, per one seed of bunch planting, kind
Different densities sowing is respectively adopted in matter resource original material garden, stock breeding field, nursery field；Nutrient matrix cover-seeding cave, carefully
Soil covering strikes off.
（9）Growing season management
（a）Illumination management
Ginseng has happiness dim light, the characteristic for being afraid of strong light, avoids strong light direct beam, upper greenhouse and sunshade net light modulation, nursery field is generally controlled
Interior light transmittance is made as 40-50%, light transmittance is 50-60% in seed field general control room.
（b）Soil moisture management
Ensure that ginseng is emerged；Watering will be depending on soil moisture content, and ginseng comes up to during lamina, and soil moisture content is in 30-
35%；Soil moisture content is in 38-42% during germination；Soil moisture content is in 28-32% during red fruit.
（c）Seed growing phase greenhouse temperature and humidity management
Take turned up portion canopy film and enabling ventilation parameters sunlight indoor temperature and humidity；In order to ensure fruit maturation；Generally bloom
Phase is controlled at 15-22 DEG C；Fruiting period is at 20-25 DEG C；Withered rest period opens gemma under natural low temperature
It can；
Indoor humidity is reduced as far as possible, and phase control humidity of yielding positive results is 65-75%.
（d）Top dressing management
Soya-bean cake is smashed into powder, by artificial fermentation, is made into nutrient solution, is poured and be filled in soil surface；It is emerging respectively every year in nursery field
Phase, leaf stretching period respectively impose 1 time；Seed field respectively in leaf stretching period, bloom before, respectively imposed before result 1 time.
（e）Weeding
According to weed growth can weeding at any time, using manually pulling out, to keep bed surface without weeds.
（f）Thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings
After seed field emergence, filled the gaps with seedlings according to emergence situation, thinning management；Often row ensures there are 10-12 young plants.
（10）Stock breeding method
（a）Flower thinning, the first tenday period of a month in June, ginseng inflorescence have half it is small the flowers are in blossom put when can carry out flower thinning；It will be sick and weak in inflorescence
Colored and scattered flower is pinched and is removed, and the inflorescence for retaining nutriment centralizedly supply promotes preferably to yield positive results.
（b）Fruit thinning, fruit thinning are suitable with the laggard behavior of fruit setting；Hair loss is pinched with hand and educates bad fruit and some disease fruits, is retained strong
Supermature seed pod is strengthened, makes fruit bigger, more neat, seed is promoted preferably to breed, it is full, ripe.
（c）Impurity elimination purifies, and is removed in time with the incongruent plant of original seed character for certain, ensures that introduces a collection is pure.
（d）Isolation and artificial supplementary pollination
The different fine provenance types of the same temperature indoor propagation in germ plasm resource original material garden, before anther dehiscence 1-2 days into
Row bagging isolation ensures that plant does not receive foreign pollen；Bag is plucked in florescence and carries out artificial supplementary pollination with writing brush, after again row set
Bag, extracts bag after fruit setting, promotes solid.
Seed field takes pollination period and surrounding to set up with planting ginseng be isolated, and 500 meters do not have non-introduces a collection ginseng kind apart from interior
It plants, prevents ginseng pollen's pollination of non-introduces a collection from bringing and mix；Reserving seed for planting, interior is awarded in noon in florescence fan, air blower promotion
Powder improves setting percentage.
（e）Reproductive capacity is improved, pays attention to ventilation, reduces air humidity；500 times of liquid boraxs are squirted, improve bud reproductive capacity.
(11) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Except the high temperature daylight of summer carries out soil disinfection；When making bed soil disinfection is carried out with 800 times of ambam；Growth period is used
800-1000 times of liquid Mancozeb lamp carries out disease control.
(12) seed pod harvesting and the storage of seeds
（a）Seed pod harvests
Fruit is fully ripe, the healthy and strong plant seed pod of fertility is selected to be harvested in seed field；According to germ plasm resource original material garden, good
The difference fruit picking of kind breeding field；According to source type, characteristic, number is harvested one by one.
Seed pod is packed by number rubs that seed machine rolls or artificial hand is pinched and sloughs pulp with the hands, and the seed clear water that will take off grain is eluriated only
Afterwards, it dries in the shade, packs respectively, be listed, stored.
（b）The storage of seeds
Dry seed storage, seed is spread and is dried in the shade on mat, is packed, is stored at ventilation and penetrating light；During warehousing, it should be noted that protection against rodents,
It is insect prevention, mould proof.
(13) seedling, which rises, receives and stores
（a）Seedling, which rises, to be received
The annual seedling in nursery field can play receipts, planted and dug with three teeth or ginseng pick ginseng, shake off ginseng and plant and adhere to soil, get rid of residual
Stem is wanted to transplant in lifting.
（b）Seedling is stored
It is contained using big carton box, case in Qi Shou, prevent from squeezing, gemma wilting, it also can dense planting exists downward by seedling gemma
The preservation for planting ginseng seedling has been appropriately extended in soil.
Compared with prior art, main advantages of the present invention are：
（1）The present invention preserves germplasm by the control environment that protecting field is created, and can not only safely, effectively preserve ginseng something lost
Diversity is passed, saves the ginseng resource of rare paint danger, and abundant original material can be provided for the cultivation of new varieties, is improved
The foresight of breeding is collected simultaneously the germplasm of preservation for the research important in inhibiting in terms of ginseng evolution, heredity and breeding.
（2）The germ plasm resource of different characteristic characteristic is planted in different greenhouses by the present invention by bagging isolation or respectively
Effective isolation implant preservation is carried out, so as to the influence for preventing external source ginseng pollen pollination from introduces a collection being brought to mix, implements impurity elimination
The stock breedings method such as purification, bagging isolation, effectively maintains genetic stability and purity.
（3）The present invention was especially yielded positive results the phase in growth period, by heliogreenhouse controlled condition, to temperature, illumination,
The fine adjustment management such as liquid manure, makes ginseng smoothly complete generative propagation, ensure that seed is fully ripe, so as to improve seed matter
Amount realizes seed standardization.
（4）Seedling culture matrix nutrition of the present invention enriches, and has preferable water-retaining property and permeability, and it is right in cultivating process to be conducive to kind educate
The absorption of nutrition.Implement after planting nutrient matrix fully lid full seeding kind cave technology, effectively prevent root diseases occur and mutually
It infects.By the environmental monitoring system in heliogreenhouse, the after planting different stage corresponding rearing condition of control makes seedling sick
Seedling rate reduces, and survival rate improves, and disease resistance enhancing improves high-quality seedling rate, realizes seedling standardization.
（5）The present invention pays attention to keeping introduces a collection vigor in seed seedling storage, prevents breakage, prevents from polluting.It takes
Suitable seed processing technology ensures higher emergence rate.The technology that seed production is improved using flower and fruit thinning, supple-mentary pollination is arranged
It applies, accelerates introduces a collection and expand numerous progress, ginseng improved variety process is promoted to play positive effect.The present invention establishes stable introduces a collection base
Ground provides fine provenance for production, prevents introduces a collection of poor quality from propagating.
Specific embodiment
A kind of ginseng germplasm resource conservation and seed seedling mating system, its step are as follows：
1st, the locational choice
Stock breeding area is selected in 125 ° of 10'-126 ° of 44' of east longitude, and Tonghua of 40 ° of 52'-43 ° of 3' of north latitude was selected by air port, week
Side afforestation rate will reach more than 80%, and 500 meters of distances are without population centralized residence point and any industrial enterprise, without big gas and water
Heliogreenhouse is built in the plot of the pollution sources in source.
2nd, heliogreenhouse framework
Semi-arched heliogreenhouse, framework is length 70-80m, span 7-8m, top width 3-4m, the high 3-3.5m of wall, before
It is steel-tube construction supporting rack, bottom is built into the brick wall of 50cm high, and rear survey is the wall that concrete is built into；Chamber door is stayed in both sides, puts room
Mouse plate.
3rd, bed soil substrate preparation
It chooses a large amount of dry branches and fallen leaves in woods to rot to degrade, fertile, loose, rich in humus, organic matter, soil pH value is in 5.5-
6.5 soil, the well-rotted farmyard manure for adding 5%, tree fallen leaves, protein hydrolysate in woods, Hydrolyzed Collagen, algae, bio-bacterial manure, altogether
With biofermentation 40 days or so is carried out, bed soil matrix is obtained.
4th, disinfection paving of digging is native
It is whole thin that bed soil sieving will be prepared, make to reach the soil is porous, without soil block, there is crumb structure, breathe freely Li Shui.For anti-disease pest
The soil prepared under sunlight is overturned 1 time, translates into 2-3 times altogether and carry out solarization soil disinfection, inhibit in soil by evil for each 10 days
Germ and pest ovum.
5th, orientation makees bed
Bed soil will be prepared equably to be layered on greenhouse floor, bed is made after leveling prior to seeding, while doing bedside sowing.Ginseng bed perpendicular to
Greenhouse long array, ginseng bed specification are nursery height of bed 25-30cm, and the height of bed of reserving seed for planting is made between 30-40cm, wide 1.5m, long 7.5m, bed
Industry road width 30cm is staying 80cm work roads at heliogreenhouse brick wall.
6th, presprouting of seeds is handled
Fresh seed vernalization is taken, is stirred in the bucket that discharges water after seed is winnowed, is impregnated 12 hours；Such as dried fruit seed vernalization, impregnate 24 hours.
Press seed：Fine sand=1：3 ratio mixing, the isolation vernalization of Different Provenances splitting.It is respectively charged into woven bag, registered mail label is write
Bright source type, characteristic, number.
Indoors with brick into 30-40 centimetres high, 100-120 centimetres wide, germination pond of the length depending on grain weight.
Seed packet is lain according to number in the fine sand germination pond completed, sand thickness is 12-15cm, kind bag upper cover sand 8-
10 cm.Germination pond is covered with plastic foil, was fallen every 10-15 days kind for 1 time, adjusting temperature, humidity, through 20-12 DEG C of alternating temperature round the clock
Under the conditions of 3-4 months, until ginseng seeds reach 80% breach completion morphology after-ripening, after by less than 4 DEG C low temperature, store 2-3
A month, complete physiology after-ripening.
7th, germ plasm resource propagation nursery is established
Germ plasm resource original material garden.Various variation types are mainly planted, according to the seed for collecting selected fine germplasm resources
Quantity, according to source type, feature, number, branch, a point cell are planted in a heliogreenhouse.
Stock breeding field（Seed field）.For expanding the production of the seed of numerous popularization, in independent one or several heliogreenhouses
Plantation.The seed field can preserve the seed production period of 15 years or more.It is every since 4 years raw to collect seed every year.
Nursery field.It is sowed in independent daylight canopy, cultivates annual seedling, supply production seedling.
8th, seeding method
Autumn sowing is taken, generally in early October to freeze-up preceding progress.Soil matrix is extruded into 0.8-1.0cm depths with platen
Planting hole, per one seed of bunch planting, germ plasm resource original material garden, stock breeding field are according to line-spacing 6-8cm, spacing in the rows 5-6cm
Density program request；Nursery field is according to 4 × 4cm thickness of sowing program requests.Sowing finishes first to be covered with nutrient matrix, ensures abundant lid full seeding
Kind cave, then spread the covering of thickness 3-5cm fine earths and strike off.
9th, growing season management
（1）Illumination management
Ginseng has happiness dim light, the characteristic for being afraid of strong light, avoids strong light direct beam, and general control greenhouse iuuminting rate nursery field is 40-
50%, seed field 50-60%.It is rolled by part sunshade net, plastic foil adjusts light transmittance.
4 the end of month selected 14 plastic greenhouse films to make covering material, fix upper greenhouse with film-pressing line, 65% shading is capped at the beginning of 5 months
Sunshade net, 10 the end of month plant are rolled canopy film and sunshade net together on ceiling top when withered.
（2）Soil moisture management
The water requirement of ginseng each breeding time is different.Especially pay attention to keeping soil moisture before emergence, it is ensured that ginseng is emerged.Watering
It will be depending on soil moisture content.Ginseng comes up to soil moisture content during lamina preferably 30-35%.The lamina later stage is to blooming
Productive phase soil moisture content is more suitable in 35-40%.Germination period soil moisture content preferably must be held in 40% or so.Red fruit
It is more suitable with 30% or so to withering period soil moisture, but this phase irrigation amount should not be too large, and epidemic disease otherwise can be caused to occur and fall
Seed pod.
（3）Seed growing phase greenhouse temperature and humidity management
Take turned up portion canopy film and enabling ventilation parameters sunlight indoor temperature and humidity.
The ovary increasing of flower enters fruiting period after being pollinated.Temperature is excessively high, and Fruit is impacted, causes fruit maturation early,
Seed development is bad, and kernel maturing is poor.In order to better ensure that fruit maturation, sunlight indoor temperature is controlled, early June opens
Florescence is 15-22 DEG C；Late June to early July fruiting period is 20-25 DEG C.Mid-April late September to next year stops to be withered
Dormancy phase canopy film rolls gemma under the open natural low temperature of holding and passes through athermobiosis.
It is high outside the indoor humidity ratio room of heliogreenhouse.In entire growth period, indoor humidity, greenhouse will be reduced as far as possible
Interior humidity is excessive to influence flower of Panax ginseng pollination and seed development, is also easy to cause disease, and the phase control humidity that should yield positive results is 65-
75%。
（4）Top dressing management
Soya-bean cake is smashed into powder, by artificial fermentation, is made into nutrient solution, is poured and be filled in soil surface.It is emerging respectively every year in nursery field
Phase, leaf stretching period respectively impose 1 time.Seed field respectively in leaf stretching period, bloom before, respectively imposed before result 1 time.
（5）Weeding
Weeds are eliminated, good soil conditions are created for ginseng growth and development.Using manually pulling out, can be removed at any time depending on weeds situation
Grass, it is general at least 3-5 times annual, to keep bed surface without weeds.
（6）Thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings
After seed field emergence, filled the gaps with seedlings according to emergence situation, thinning management.Often row ensures there are 12-13 young plants.
10th, stock breeding method
（1）Flower thinning, the first tenday period of a month in June, ginseng inflorescence have half it is small the flowers are in blossom put when can carry out flower thinning.It will be sick and weak in inflorescence
Colored and scattered flower is pinched and is removed, and the inflorescence for retaining nutriment centralizedly supply promotes preferably to yield positive results.
（2）Fruit thinning, fruit thinning are suitable with the laggard behavior of fruit setting.Hair loss is pinched with hand and educates bad fruit and some disease fruits, is retained strong
Supermature seed pod is strengthened, makes fruit bigger, more neat, seed is promoted preferably to breed, it is full, ripe.
（3）Impurity elimination purifies, and by Characters Identification, evaluation, is removed in time with the incongruent plant of original seed character for certain,
Ensure that introduces a collection is pure.
（4）Isolation and artificial supplementary pollination
The different fine provenance types of the same temperature indoor propagation in germ plasm resource original material garden, before anther dehiscence 1-2 days into
Row bagging isolation ensures that plant does not receive foreign pollen.Bag is plucked in florescence and carries out artificial supplementary pollination with writing brush, after again row set
Bag, extracts bag after fruit setting, promotes solid.
Seed field mainly takes pollination period and surrounding to set up with planting ginseng be isolated, and 500 meters do not have non-introduces a collection people apart from interior
Ginseng plantation prevents ginseng pollen's pollination of non-introduces a collection from bringing and mixes.It is indoor in noon in florescence fan, air blower rush reserving seed for planting
Into pollination, setting percentage is improved.
（5）Improve reproductive capacity.Good pollination conditions are created, pay attention to ventilation, reduce air humidity.The phase squirts before flowering
500 times of liquid boraxs improve bud reproductive capacity.
11st, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Except the high temperature daylight of summer carries out soil disinfection.When making bed soil disinfection is carried out with 800 times of ambam.Growth period is used
500 times of liquid of 800-1000 times of liquid Mancozeb or 300 times of liquid polyoxins or Mancozeb carry out disease control, per two weeks
Laxative is primary, develops immunity to drugs, can in turn be used with several medicines in order to prevent.
12nd, seed pod harvesting and the storage of seeds
（1）Seed pod harvests
Start to collect seed when ginseng-leaf grows to 4 years, it is later annual to collect seed.In early August late July fruit fully maturation and it is in
When red, the healthy and strong plant seed pod of fertility is selected to be harvested in seed field.According to germ plasm resource original material garden, stock breeding field point
Other fruit picking.According to source type, characteristic, number is harvested one by one, and the panax ginseng fruit under adopting numbers, fills basket respectively, gently to be taken light
It puts.
First disease fruit and impurity are picked, then ginseng seed pod is packed by number and rubs that seed machine rolls or artificial hand is pinched and sloughs fruit with the hands
Meat, by the seed clear water for having taken off grain eluriate it is net after, dry in the shade to epidermis without dampening after, pack respectively, be listed, stored.
（2）The storage of seeds
If not doing fresh seed germination at that time, stored using dry seed, seed is spread and is dried in the shade on mat, packed, in ventilation and penetrating light
Place's storage.During warehousing, it should be noted that protection against rodents, insect prevention, mould proof.According to the biological characteristics of seed, meet necessary holding conditions.
13rd, seedling, which rises, receives and stores
（1）Seedling, which rises, to be received
The annual seedling in nursery field can play receipts, and seedling rises and is received in late September to late October.With three teeth or join pick by bed
Head, side wall plane are opened, and then remove the bed soil dug on one side together, then ginseng cultivation is dug from ginseng bed one end, are picked, are trembled when rising
Fall and adhere to soil in ginseng cultivation, get rid of residual stem.Receipts amount is played daily depending on transplanting quantity, to transplant in lifting.
（2）Seedling is stored
If the seedling that cannot be transplanted at once, big carton box to be used to contain, cased in Qi Shou, prevent extruding, gemma from wilting,
Emergence rate is influenced, is placed under conditions of nice and cool be protected from light and stores, storage period must not exceed two days；Also shady and cool one layer of place pad may be selected
Thicker soil, then by the dense planting downward of seedling gemma in soil, such method can make seedling store the regular hour, can suitably prolong
The preservation for planting ginseng seedling is grown.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of ginseng germplasm resource conservation and seed seedling mating system, it is characterised in that include the following steps：（1）It selects position
Select,（2）Heliogreenhouse framework,（3）Bed soil substrate preparation,（4）Dig disinfection paving soil,（5）Orientation do bed,（6）At presprouting of seeds
Reason,（7）The foundation of germ plasm resource propagation nursery,（8）Seeding method,（9）Growing season management,（10）Stock breeding method,（11）Disease pest
Evil prevention,（12）Seed pod harvest and the storage of seeds,（13）Seedling acts the methods of receiving and storing；
It is as follows under specific steps：
（1）The locational choice
Stock breeding area is selected in Tonghua, selects by air port, periphery afforestation rate will reach more than 80%, without air, water source
Heliogreenhouse is built in the plot of pollution sources；
（2）Heliogreenhouse framework
Semi-arched heliogreenhouse, framework is length 70-80m, span 7-8m, top width 3-4m, the high 3-3.5m of wall, before
It is steel-tube construction supporting rack, bottom is built into the brick wall of 50cm high, and rear survey is the wall that concrete is built into；Chamber door is stayed in both sides, puts room
Mouse plate；
（3）Bed soil substrate preparation
It chooses a large amount of dry branches and fallen leaves in woods to rot to degrade, soil fertile, loose, rich in humus, organic matter adds kind of a battalion
It supports substance and bio-bacterial manure, carry out biofermentation jointly 40 days, obtain bed soil matrix；
（4）Disinfection paving of digging is native
It is whole thin that bed soil sieving will be prepared, make to reach that the soil is porous, for preventing disease and pest, shine soil disinfection；
（5）Orientation makees bed
Bed soil will be prepared equably to be layered on greenhouse floor, bed is made after leveling；Ginseng bed is perpendicular to greenhouse long array, the nursery height of bed
25-30cm, the height of bed of reserving seed for planting stay work road in 30-40cm, operation road width 30cm between bed and at heliogreenhouse brick wall；
（6）Presprouting of seeds is handled
Fresh seed vernalization is taken, seed is pressed into seed：Fine sand=1：3 ratio mixing, is respectively charged into woven bag, Different Provenances point
Bag isolation vernalization；
It germinates indoors pond, seed packet is lain according to number in germination pond, plants bag upper cover sand and plastic foil, kind is adjusted
Temperature, humidity until ginseng seeds reach 80% breach completion morphology after-ripening, after by less than 4 DEG C low temperature, storage 2-3 months,
Complete physiology after-ripening；
（7）Germ plasm resource propagation nursery is established
Germ plasm resource original material garden；Various variation types are mainly planted, according to source type, feature, number, at one
Branch, a point cell are planted in daylight canopy；
Stock breeding field is seed field, for expanding the production of the seed of numerous popularization, in independent one or several heliogreenhouses kind
It plants；
Nursery field；It is sowed in independent daylight canopy, cultivates annual seedling, supply production seedling；
（8）Seeding method
Autumn sowing is taken, generally in early October to freeze-up preceding progress；Planting hole is extruded with platen, per one seed of bunch planting, kind
Different densities sowing is respectively adopted in matter resource original material garden, stock breeding field, nursery field；Nutrient matrix cover-seeding cave, carefully
Soil covering strikes off；
（9）Growing season management
（a）Illumination management
Ginseng has happiness dim light, the characteristic for being afraid of strong light, avoids strong light direct beam, upper greenhouse and sunshade net light modulation, nursery field is generally controlled
Interior light transmittance is made as 40-50%, light transmittance is 50-60% in seed field general control room；
（b）Soil moisture management
Ensure that ginseng is emerged；Watering will be depending on soil moisture content, and ginseng comes up to during lamina, and soil moisture content is in 30-
35%；Soil moisture content is in 38-42% during germination；Soil moisture content is in 28-32% during red fruit；
（c）Seed growing phase greenhouse temperature and humidity management
Take turned up portion canopy film and enabling ventilation parameters sunlight indoor temperature and humidity；In order to ensure fruit maturation；Generally bloom
Phase is controlled at 15-22 DEG C；Fruiting period is at 20-25 DEG C；Withered rest period opens gemma under natural low temperature
It can；
Indoor humidity is reduced as far as possible, and phase control humidity of yielding positive results is 65-75%；
（d）Top dressing management
Soya-bean cake is smashed into powder, by artificial fermentation, is made into nutrient solution, is poured and be filled in soil surface；It is emerging respectively every year in nursery field
Phase, leaf stretching period respectively impose 1 time；Seed field respectively in leaf stretching period, bloom before, respectively imposed before result 1 time；
（e）Weeding
According to weed growth can weeding at any time, using manually pulling out, to keep bed surface without weeds；
（f）Thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings
After seed field emergence, filled the gaps with seedlings according to emergence situation, thinning management；Often row ensures there are 10-12 young plants；
（10）Stock breeding method
（a）Flower thinning, the first tenday period of a month in June, ginseng inflorescence have half it is small the flowers are in blossom put when can carry out flower thinning；It will be sick and weak in inflorescence
Colored and scattered flower is pinched and is removed, and the inflorescence for retaining nutriment centralizedly supply promotes preferably to yield positive results；
（b）Fruit thinning, fruit thinning are suitable with the laggard behavior of fruit setting；Hair loss is pinched with hand and educates bad fruit and some disease fruits, retains healthy and strong hair
The seed pod cultivated makes fruit bigger, more neat, seed is promoted preferably to breed, full, ripe；
（c）Impurity elimination purifies, and is removed in time with the incongruent plant of original seed character for certain, ensures that introduces a collection is pure；
（d）Isolation and artificial supplementary pollination
The different fine provenance types of the same temperature indoor propagation in germ plasm resource original material garden, before anther dehiscence 1-2 days into
Row bagging isolation ensures that plant does not receive foreign pollen；Bag is plucked in florescence and carries out artificial supplementary pollination with writing brush, after again row set
Bag, extracts bag after fruit setting, promotes solid；
Seed field takes pollination period and surrounding to set up with planting ginseng be isolated, 500 meters apart from interior without non-introduces a collection ginseng planting, it is anti-
Only ginseng pollen's pollination of non-introduces a collection, which is brought, mixes；It is indoor in noon in florescence fan, air blower promotion pollination reserving seed for planting, it carries
High setting percentage；
（e）Reproductive capacity is improved, pays attention to ventilation, reduces air humidity；500 times of liquid boraxs are squirted, improve bud reproductive capacity；
(11) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Except the high temperature daylight of summer carries out soil disinfection；When making bed soil disinfection is carried out with 800 times of ambam；Growth period is used
800-1000 times of liquid Mancozeb lamp carries out disease control；
(12) seed pod harvesting and the storage of seeds
（a）Seed pod harvests
Fruit is fully ripe, the healthy and strong plant seed pod of fertility is selected to be harvested in seed field；According to germ plasm resource original material garden, good
The difference fruit picking of kind breeding field；According to source type, characteristic, number is harvested one by one；
Seed pod is packed by number rubs that seed machine rolls or artificial hand is pinched and sloughs pulp with the hands, by the seed clear water for take off grain eluriate it is net after, the moon
It is dry, it packs respectively, is listed, is stored；
（b）The storage of seeds
Dry seed storage, seed is spread and is dried in the shade on mat, is packed, is stored at ventilation and penetrating light；During warehousing, it should be noted that protection against rodents,
It is insect prevention, mould proof；
(13) seedling, which rises, receives and stores
（a）Seedling, which rises, to be received
The annual seedling in nursery field can play receipts, planted and dug with three teeth or ginseng pick ginseng, shake off ginseng and plant and adhere to soil, get rid of residual
Stem is wanted to transplant in lifting；
（b）Seedling is stored
It is contained using big carton box, case in Qi Shou, prevent from squeezing, gemma wilting, it also can dense planting exists downward by seedling gemma
The preservation for planting ginseng seedling has been appropriately extended in soil.
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