CN109105181A - A kind of feeding Spring Corn in Rainfed Land health care volume increase mulching planting method of rain - Google Patents
A kind of feeding Spring Corn in Rainfed Land health care volume increase mulching planting method of rain Download PDFInfo
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- CN109105181A CN109105181A CN201810575240.2A CN201810575240A CN109105181A CN 109105181 A CN109105181 A CN 109105181A CN 201810575240 A CN201810575240 A CN 201810575240A CN 109105181 A CN109105181 A CN 109105181A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the protective cover of plant and the engineering device technique fields of laying covering; disclose a kind of feeding Spring Corn in Rainfed Land health care volume increase mulching planting method of rain; by the way of black plastic film covering and corn wheat grown along film sides; mulch uses black common plastic film; thickness 0.006-0.008mm, width 70-80cm, corn planting are sowed using film side; Row spacing of maize 40-50cm on film, Row spacing of maize 70-80cm between film.The present invention is compared with existing film-mulching technique: black film mulching, which is covered with effect compared with the transparent mulch of ordinary white, reduces the soil moisture, avoid the excessively high later period early ageing caused by corn of the ordinary white covering with ground sheeting soil moisture, promote photosynthetic capacity after popcorn to increase, improves niblet weight and yield；Meanwhile black film mulching inhibits weed growth, alleviates Weed infestation, has established solid foundation for corn robust growth and high yield.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the engineering device technique fields more particularly to a kind of rain of the protective cover of plant and laying covering
It supports Spring Corn in Rainfed Land health care and increases production mulching planting method.
Background technique
Currently, the prior art commonly used in the trade is such thatMulching planting technique is protected as a kind of effective water conservation
Moisture in the soil technology has played important function in the corn yield increasing of the northwest Dryland Yu Yang.But it since area's sunlight-heat reaources are sufficient, does
Drought is that limitation plant growth obtains principal element, in recent years, as temperature caused by global warming further increases, temperature
It has been fully able to meet local maize production.However, due to the further heating effect of mulch, being led in mulched maize production
Soil ground temperature is excessively high under cause film, increases so as to cause soil accumulated temperature during corn growth, and corn growth stage shortens, compared with bare area jade
Meter Ti Qian 5-8 days；Meanwhile soil nutrient decomposition is accelerated after soil temperature raising, it causes corn growth later period nutrition supply insufficient, makes
At corn root cap early ageing, rear dry-matter accumulation amount is spent to reduce, niblet declines again, yield decline.For this phenomenon, many
Person has carried out the covering such as stalk, sandstone and the later period takes off film Study on Measures, but not due to the coverings water-retaining effect such as stalk ability
Such as covering with ground sheeting, and the coverings such as stalk, sandstone are difficult to transport, are complicated for operation, it is difficult to large-area applications；And the later period takes off film measure
Since field operation difficulty is big and time-consuming, peasant household is reluctant to apply, and is finally difficult to promotion and implementation in production.Ordinary white
The excessively high principal element that corn on dry land late period senescence is had become to the stress of corn of the soil moisture caused by covering with ground sheeting.Cause
How this, reduce the corn root zone soil moisture under ordinary white covering with ground sheeting, explores a kind of simple, easy-operating soil moisture conservation, suitable
The Plastic mulched corn planting technology of temperature ensures that corn with high yield stable yields is significant to delaying rain to support corn on dry land aging.
In conclusion problem of the existing technology is:The soil moisture is excessively high under the transparent covering with ground sheeting of ordinary white, causes
Corn late period senescence is accelerated, yield decline.
For rain supports Dryland, the main function of covering is water-retaining effect.And covering with ground sheeting not only have it is good
Water retention, and there is significant heating effect.Water conservation is for promoting corn growth to have remarkable effect, but temperature
It excessively increases and then limits Maize Roots.How on the basis of guaranteeing mulch water holding capacity, ordinary white mulch is avoided
The excessive raising for covering the lower soil moisture is to prevent the early ageing of corn later period, guarantees the key of corn yield increasing.Solve this technology
Problem, it is necessary to be improved in terms of covering material and planting patterns two.It is to find a kind of and ordinary white mulch to protect first
Outlet capacity is identical, but heats unobvious or heat low covering material than ordinary white mulch；Planting patterns is followed by improved, is led to
Cropping pattern improvement is crossed, the bulk temperature of maize root system soil is reduced.The present invention exactly starts in terms of the two, passes through for many years
Experimental study forms the invention.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, Spring Corn in Rainfed Land health care is supported the present invention provides a kind of rain increase production covering with ground sheeting
Implantation methods.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of rain, which supports Spring Corn in Rainfed Land health care, increases production mulching planting method, the rain
Spring Corn in Rainfed Land health care volume increase mulching planting method is supported by the way of black plastic film covering and corn wheat grown along film sides,
Mulch uses black common plastic film, thickness 0.006-0.008mm, width 70-80cm, and corn planting is sowed using film side,
Row spacing of maize 40-50cm on film, Row spacing of maize 70-80cm between film.
Further, the rain support Spring Corn in Rainfed Land health care volume increase mulching planting method the following steps are included:
Step 1 is suitable for the superior corn product that local area is planted according to the weather conditions selection such as regional light, heat, water is planted
Kind, and soil moisture content is combined to carry out site preparation；
Step 2, before arable land, 1.5 kgs/acre of land used worm gram or with 0.1 kg/acre of 50% Phoxim emulsion is stirred ripe
Wheat bran or 2~3 kilograms of millet are made bait and are sprinkled into earth's surface, plough deeply in conjunction with arable land into soil；
Step 3, when 5~10 centimetres of ground temperature of soil are stablized by 10 DEG C, according to soil moisture content, using mulch sowing one
Body equipment carries out mulch sowing, and every 3~5 meters of one soil zones of pressure, surrounding is sternly compacted with soil pressure；It is good in soil moisture content, and temperature
When lower, the mode sowed after first overlay film can also be taken；
Step 4, looks into field cuticula, timely holes puts seedling, and seedling hole is obturaged in the plot sowed after film after emergence；
Step 5, thinning when 3~4 leaf of corn seedling, when 5~6 leaf, press density of reserved seedlings final singling；
Step 6, in jointing stage or trumpet period Nitrogen Top Dressing, the top dressing of corn field will be in conjunction with intertillage, rainfall or soil moisture in the soil
Feelings；
Step 7, when bracteal leaf of corn turns yellow, seed is hardened, milk-line reaches physiological maturity when disappearing at 2/3；
Step 8, to carrying out used plastic collection before second year corn seeding site preparation after harvest corn.
Further, when the step 1 site preparation, organic fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer and potash fertilizer full dose and 60% nitrogenous fertilizer is uniformly mixed and made
For base fertilizer, application when ploughing deeply ground.
Further, it is 70-80 centimetres, with a thickness of 0.006-0.008 millimeters of black mocromembranes that the step 3, which selects breadth,
Or line style film.
Further, film should be dragged exhibition in two side form border of mulch, 5 centimeters epiphragma by the step 3, and close proximity to ground is paved,
Surrounding sternly covers reality with soil pressure, and every 5~7 meters or longer distance presses one of waist soil.
Further, it encounters and is short of seedling when the step 5 final singling, double strains of the same size is stayed to fill a vacancy at adjacent corn.
Further, the step 6 fertilization mode is row replacement of ditching along membrane edge；Nitrogenous fertilizer is applied in jointing or trumpet period
40%.
Further, it harvests within the step 71 week after Maize Physiological is mature.
In conclusion advantages of the present invention and good effect are as follows:The present invention is from the point of view of the clayed aluminium alloy effect, different colours
Film it is having the same reduce soil inavailable evaporation, keep soil moisture effect, but due to coloured mulch in solar spectrum not
Co-wavelength has different transmissions, reflection and absorption, thus has different photo-thermal effects.A large number of studies show that black
For mulch since light transmittance is low, radiant heat can be substantially reduced the soil moisture compared with the transparent mulch of ordinary white, we pass through through less
Test discovery for years, the whiter mulched maize soil moisture of black mulch film corn reduce 0.8-1.5 DEG C.In addition, from plantation
From the point of view of mode, since film side seeding corn kind is in ground membrane edge, the only Maize Roots of half are in mulch, corn root zone
Temperature relatively kind is substantially reduced among mulch, meanwhile, the sowing of film side is conducive to the trench digging top dressing of corn later period, compared to sowing gram on film
Destruction of the later period fertilising to mulch has been taken, later period mulch water-retaining effect is more advantageous to.The present invention uses during corn planting
Film side seeding method can keep soil moisture, and can reduce influence of the soil moisture raising to root system under covering with ground sheeting, together
When, film side seeding method is conducive to the intertillage top dressing of mulched maize middle and later periods, improves fertilizer utilization efficiency.
The present invention by using black mulch film as covering material, can stable soil temperature change, improve corn root zone soil
Earth environment promotes corn root cap growth and output increased.Compared with current white common ground film, there is following remarkable advantage:
(1) water holding capacity is good, it is therefore prevented that adverse effect of the high temperature to corn.Many years experimental study shows that black mulch film removes
Have outer with the effect of similarly retaining and conserveing soil moisture of ordinary white mulch, additionally it is possible to significantly reduce maize growth compared with ordinary white mulch
The soil day highest ground temperature of phase.It excessively increases to effectively prevent seasonal drought and soil day temperature to corn growth production
Raw coercion significantly improves the Soil Temperature And Moisture environment (table 1, Fig. 3) of corn growth.
(2) delay corn late period senescence, improve the photosynthetic production capacity of maize leaf.Under black film mulching after corn
Phase leaf senile is slow, and the greenery area in relative greenery area and chlorophyll content in maturity period are significantly higher than ordinary white mulch, maximum leaf occurs
The time of piece aging is obviously later than ordinary white mulch and bare area (Fig. 4).
(3) corn yield and water use efficiency are high.Black film mulching yield increases by 10.4% compared with ordinary white mulch,
Water use efficiency improves 10.4% (table 2).
(4) inhibit weed growth.After black film mulching, ground weeds are difficult to grow because of illumination condition deficiency,
It is substantially reduced compared with using crop smothering when the covering of white clear film.
0-15cm ground temperature under the different culture underglasses of table 1
WPM: normal transparent covering with ground sheeting；BPM: black film mulching；BL: bare area.Same column is marked with different lowercases
Value difference is different up to 5% level of signifiance.
Corn yield composition and water use efficiency under the different culture underglasses of table 2
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that rain provided in an embodiment of the present invention supports Spring Corn in Rainfed Land health care volume increase mulching planting method flow diagram.
Fig. 2 is that rain provided in an embodiment of the present invention supports Spring Corn in Rainfed Land health care volume increase mulching planting method schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is water holding capacity schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is that the greenery area in relative greenery area in maturity period provided in an embodiment of the present invention and chlorophyll content are significantly higher than common white
Color mulch schematic diagram.Note: WPM is white covering with ground sheeting in figure, and BPM is black film mulching, and BL is bare area.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
It is not significant that the present invention selects one kind to heat, Water-saving effect covering material identical with ordinary white mulch, and uses
Reasonable mulch of alleviating heats planting patterns, that is, changing plantation on corn film is wheat grown along film sides, is to solve the common ground film corn later period
Early ageing improves the effective measures of corn yield.
Application principle of the invention is explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, rain provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which supports Spring Corn in Rainfed Land health care, increases production mulching planting method packet
Include following steps:
Step 1 selects breeding and seedbed preparation.It is suitable for locality according to the weather conditions selection such as regional light, heat, water is planted
The superior corn kind of ecological region planting, and that carries out soil the site preparations work such as turns over, is smooth；
Step 2, pest control.Before arable land, land used worm gram (1.5 kgs/acre) or (0.1 is public with 50% Phoxim emulsion
Pound/acre), it stirs ripe wheat bran or 2~3 kilograms of millet is made bait and is uniformly sprinkled into earth's surface, plough deeply in conjunction with arable land into soil；
Step 3, to select breadth be 70-80 centimetres, the black mocromembrane with a thickness of 0.006-0.008 millimeters or line style film with
Cost is reduced, the ridge face for being 40~50 centimetres wide with small line-spacing is suitble to.The concrete configuration of corn culture underglass seeding row spacing is according to " close
Degree be suitable for, it is less, convenient for management with film " principle；
Step 4, according to the wide ridging of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil of crossing of row spacing and furrow, general ridge is 8~10 centimetres high, is sowed using wide-and narrow-row
Mode, 40-50 centimetres of small row, 70-80 centimetres of big row；
Step 5 carries out overlay film using equipment, and every 3~5 meters of one soil zones of pressure, surrounding is sternly compacted with soil pressure, with radix saposhnikoviae drum
Film can be sowed after first overlay film.Early spring meets rain and sows while there is sufficient moisture in the soil site preparation overlay film, and overlay film should grasp that lid is early not to be covered evening, cover it is wet does not cover dry principle,
Film should be dragged to exhibition when 5 centimeters epiphragma on two side form border of mulch, close proximity to ground is paved, and surrounding sternly covers reality with soil pressure, every 5~7
Rice or longer distance (apparent wind power size) press one of waist soil, with windproof eardrum；
Step 6 is begun sowing in good time, rational close planting.It can be sowed when 5~10 centimetres of ground temperature of soil are stablized by 10 DEG C.But
It is flexibly to grasp the sowing time according to soil moisture content, appropriate adjustment sowing time, on the basis of guaranteeing fertilizer spraying.It is beautiful
Rice planting density determines according to breediness and soil fertility, field corn plant away from according to average row away from planting density meter
It calculates；
Step 7, looks into field cuticula, timely holes puts seedling and after planting often arrives field examination, and discovery film damage will use grave in time
Firmly tear.Seedling hole is obturaged in the plot sowed after film after emergence；
Density of reserved seedlings final singling is pressed in thinning when step 8 and time, final singling 3~4 leaf of seedling when 5~6 leaf.Remove weak seedling, small
Seedling and sick seedling when discovery is short of seedling, can stay double strains to fill a vacancy at adjacent plant；
Step 9, the top dressing of corn field combine intertillage, rainfall or soil moisture content, impose in jointing stage or trumpet period.It applies
Fertile mode is row replacement of ditching along membrane edge (according to plant 8-10cm).When fertilising, by organic fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer and zinc fertilizer full dose and
60% nitrogenous fertilizer, which is uniformly mixed, is used as base fertilizer, and application when ploughing deeply ground or ridging, the 40% of nitrogenous fertilizer is applied in jointing or trumpet period；
Step 10, harvest in proper late.When bracteal leaf of corn turns yellow, seed is hardened, and milk-line is disappeared at 2/3, corn is basic
Reach physiological maturity, can be harvested.But seed when in order to improve the maturity of corn kernel, reduction harvest is aqueous
Rate can be harvested again after Maize Physiological is mature, the increase of grain weight and corn can further be promoted to increase in this way for 1 week or so
It produces；
Step 11, in order to reduce Plastic-film pollution, carry out in due course to before second year corn seeding site preparation after harvest corn
Used plastic collection.
2013-2015 selects single 609 corn varieties in Shan, setting black film mulching, white ground in Changwu County of Shaanxi Province
Film covering and bare area cultivate 3 kinds of cropping patterns (the film side sowing that planting patterns is proposed using the invention), as a result, it has been found that, use is black
The whiter common ground film culture underglass corn yield per hectare of color plastic film mulching cultivation increases 1058.18-1132.25 kilograms, puts down
Equal amount of increase in production reaches 10.1% (table 3).
Corn growth stage water consumption, yield and water use efficiency under the different covering treatments of table 3
* LSD, least significant difference at 5%level.
2016-2017 selects 958 corn variety of Zheng Dan on Changwu County of Shaanxi Province, Xunyi County and other places, using the invention skill
Art progress corn planting, more than 120 mu of cultivated area.It is produced by harvest meter, is averaged mu using the model field corn yield of the technology
Production reaches 837.2 kilograms, more local ordinary white mulching film planting volume increase 13.7%.
The innovative photo-thermal effect using black mulch film of the invention carries out mulch soil moisture conservation covering, and uses film side seeding method
Mitigate mulch in production at present and heat caused ill effect, is the main side that rain supports corn on dry land high-yield and high-efficiency culture underglass
To.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of rain, which supports Spring Corn in Rainfed Land health care, increases production mulching planting method, which is characterized in that it is beautiful that the rain supports the nonirrigated farmland spring
Rice health care volume increase mulching planting method is by the way of black plastic film covering and corn wheat grown along film sides, and mulch is using black
Color common plastic film, thickness 0.006-0.008mm, width 70-80cm, corn planting method are sowed using film side, beautiful on film
Rice line-spacing 40-50cm, Row spacing of maize 70-80cm between film.
2. rain as described in claim 1, which supports Spring Corn in Rainfed Land health care, increases production mulching planting method, which is characterized in that described
Rain support Spring Corn in Rainfed Land health care volume increase mulching planting method the following steps are included:
Step 1 is suitable for the superior corn kind that local area is planted according to the weather conditions selection such as regional light, heat, water is planted,
And site preparation；
Step 2, before arable land, 1.5 kgs/acre of land used worm gram or with 0.1 kg/acre of 50% Phoxim emulsion stirs ripe wheat bran
Or 2~3 kilograms of millet be made bait and be sprinkled into earth's surface, ploughs deeply in conjunction with arable land into soil；
Step 3, according to the wide ridging of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil of crossing of row spacing and furrow；
Step 4 carries out overlay film using equipment, and every 3~5 meters of one soil zones of pressure, surrounding is sternly compacted with soil pressure, is sowed after first overlay film；
Step 5 is sowed when 5~10 centimetres of ground temperature of soil are stablized by 10 DEG C；
Step 6, looks into field cuticula, timely holes puts seedling, and seedling hole is obturaged in the plot sowed after film after emergence；
Step 7, thinning when 3~4 leaf of seedling, when 5~6 leaf, press density of reserved seedlings final singling, and encounter seedling stays double strains in adjacent；
Step 8, the top dressing of corn field combine intertillage, rainfall or soil moisture content, impose in jointing stage or trumpet period；
Step 9, when bracteal leaf of corn turns yellow, seed is hardened, and milk-line is disappeared at 2/3, corn is mature；
Step 10, to carrying out used plastic collection before second year corn seeding site preparation after harvest corn.
3. rain as claimed in claim 2, which supports Spring Corn in Rainfed Land health care, increases production mulching planting method, which is characterized in that described
It is 70-80 centimetres, with a thickness of 0.006-0.008 millimeters of black mocromembranes or line style film that step 4, which selects breadth,.
4. rain as claimed in claim 2, which supports Spring Corn in Rainfed Land health care, increases production mulching planting method, which is characterized in that described
Film should be dragged exhibition in two side form border of mulch, 5 centimeters epiphragma by step 4, and close proximity to ground is paved, and surrounding sternly covers reality with soil pressure, often
Every 5~7 meters or longer distance presses one of waist soil.
5. rain as claimed in claim 2, which supports Spring Corn in Rainfed Land health care, increases production mulching planting method, which is characterized in that described
Step 8 fertilization mode is row replacement of ditching along membrane edge；When fertilising, organic fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer and zinc fertilizer full dose and 60% nitrogenous fertilizer are mixed
It is uniformly used as base fertilizer, application when ploughing deeply ground or ridging, the 40% of nitrogenous fertilizer is applied in jointing or trumpet period as top dressing.
6. rain as claimed in claim 2, which supports Spring Corn in Rainfed Land health care, increases production mulching planting method, which is characterized in that described
It harvests within step 91 week after Maize Physiological is mature.
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| CN201810575240.2A CN109105181A (en) | 2018-06-06 | 2018-06-06 | A kind of feeding Spring Corn in Rainfed Land health care volume increase mulching planting method of rain |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810575240.2A CN109105181A (en) | 2018-06-06 | 2018-06-06 | A kind of feeding Spring Corn in Rainfed Land health care volume increase mulching planting method of rain |
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ID=64821998
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| CN201810575240.2A Pending CN109105181A (en) | 2018-06-06 | 2018-06-06 | A kind of feeding Spring Corn in Rainfed Land health care volume increase mulching planting method of rain |
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| CN111264260A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-06-12 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Biodegradable plastic film mulching planting method |
| CN111699934A (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2020-09-25 | 榆林学院 | Method for cultivating corn film line in Maowu sand irrigation area |
| CN113575325A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-02 | 贵州省亚热带作物研究所 | Wide-narrow row side film furrow double-sowing high-yield cultivation method for coix |
| CN115885786A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-04-04 | 西北农林科技大学 | Anti-aging and yield-increasing plastic film mulching planting method for spring corn in rain-fed dry land |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111264260A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-06-12 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Biodegradable plastic film mulching planting method |
| CN111699934A (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2020-09-25 | 榆林学院 | Method for cultivating corn film line in Maowu sand irrigation area |
| CN113575325A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-02 | 贵州省亚热带作物研究所 | Wide-narrow row side film furrow double-sowing high-yield cultivation method for coix |
| CN115885786A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-04-04 | 西北农林科技大学 | Anti-aging and yield-increasing plastic film mulching planting method for spring corn in rain-fed dry land |
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