CN107094580A - It is a kind of tea tree is done sth. in advance the breeding method gone into operation - Google Patents
It is a kind of tea tree is done sth. in advance the breeding method gone into operation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107094580A CN107094580A CN201710533762.1A CN201710533762A CN107094580A CN 107094580 A CN107094580 A CN 107094580A CN 201710533762 A CN201710533762 A CN 201710533762A CN 107094580 A CN107094580 A CN 107094580A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
Tea tree is done sth. in advance the breeding method gone into operation the invention discloses a kind of, comprise the following steps：（1）Turn up the soil, apply fertilizer, watering, lid black mulch film；（2）Before tea shoot transplanting, with the slurry 15s of root liquid root dipping 10, slurry root liquid includes 800 1000 times of liquid root-growing agents, 1,200 1500 times of liquid bactericide and 0.4 0.6kg/L clays；（3）Transplant：Using the double strain modes of duplicate rows, borehole is transplanted on mulch film；（4）Water, earthing：Tea shoot is poured after root water, need to be exposed to carrying out the soil around earthing capping, but tea shoot rhizome in the range of 10 12cm at mulch film cut；（5）Fertilising：Punching is applied on mulch film or small tea row center trench digging is applied, and applies the composite fertilizer that pH value is 67；（6）Second pruning and secondary pinch.The present invention can improve tea shoot survival rate, make tea tree do sth. in advance to go into operation for 1 year, while more than half weeding cost can be reduced, lifting tea tree quality and yield strengthen its economic value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tea tree Cultivating techniques field, and in particular to a kind of tea tree is done sth. in advance the breeding method gone into operation.
Background technology
Tea tree is perennial industrial crops, just starts within 3 years just operation after general plantation, puts into serial production within 4 years, therefore, tea
The time of consumption more than 3 years is needed just to start to be taken in after agriculture plantation tea shoot, this leverages the economic benefit of tea grower.
Meanwhile, the childhood management difficulty in tea place is very big, because strain rootlet is weak, runs into the natural calamity such as arid, high/low temperature, frost, pest and disease damage
Growth of seedling can be caused bad during evil, tea shoot be also resulted in when serious dead.During tea seedling management, people is monthly at least needed
Once, the weeds particularly around tea shoot can only manually pull out, such as be overexerted when pulling out for work weeding, can garnetting tea shoot, influence
Survival rate, can more cause management cost higher, and then cause tea grower to lack enthusiasm on plant tea, the excellent tea tree breed of replacing.
Therefore, a kind of breeding method for making tea tree do sth. in advance to go into operation and reduce management cost is present urgent problem.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, tea tree is set to do sth. in advance the breeding method gone into operation the invention provides a kind of, should
Breeding method can make tea tree carry the previous year operation, and cost-saving synergistic.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
It is a kind of tea tree is done sth. in advance the breeding method gone into operation, comprise the following steps：
（1）Turn up the soil, apply fertilizer
With opening up wasteland tea, base fertilizer is applied in plantation ditch, base fertilizer is 1.2-1.5 tons/mu of barnyard manure or farmyard manure and phosphate fertilizer 100-150kg/
Mu, then waters, finally with black film mulching, then with the tight black mulch film edge of soil pressure, the cover time is 1 year；
（2）Transplant pre-treatment
Transplanted from the tea shoot of robust growth, before tea shoot transplanting, with slurry root liquid root dipping 10-15s, slurry root liquid includes taking root
Agent, bactericide and clay, adding water makes root-growing agent be diluted to 800-1000 times of liquid, and bactericide is diluted into 1200-1500 times of liquid, glues
Native concentration is 0.4-0.6kg/L；
（3）Transplant
9 the middle ten days-mid-October is transplanted, and is transplanted using the double strain modes of duplicate rows, and the double strain modes of duplicate rows herein are black at every
Planted on color mulch film by small spacing, the plantation planted per nest between 2 plants, adjacent two black mulch films is planted by wide row space；Wherein,
Wide row space is 1.5-1.8m, and small line-spacing is 0.3-0.4m, and spacing in the rows is 10-13 plants/m, and nest is away from for 0.25-0.3m, the wide 10- of nest
12cm, deep 9-12cm, during plantation, dig on mulch film and plant nest, then plant in plantation nest after two plants of tea shoots are closed up, after earthing
Gently mention again, then earthing compacting, do not loosened by gently to carry tea shoot and be defined, while also ensuring that root system is unfolded；
（4）Water
Water, i.e., watered at black mulch film cut at tea shoot rhizome, poured to around root system completely wet in the range of 20-25cm
Thoroughly, poured after water, then needed to carrying out the soil around earthing capping, tea shoot rhizome in the range of 10-12cm at black mulch film cut
Expose, can be ventilated, receive rainfall, moreover it is possible to prevent temperature from crossing high fever root；Rhizome position exposes how much soil compares pass herein
Key, it is less to expose soil, airtight waterproof, and the later stage can cause to burn root phenomenon, influence the survival of tea shoot, and it is more to expose soil,
Weed growth is vigorous, increases labour；
（5）Fertilising
Carry out topdressing for the first time after late April next year, the long new root of tea shoot, in tea row, to ensure covering with ground sheeting about one year, Yu Yi
The inner side of row tea shoot nearby gently cuts open mulch film with pocket knife, then gently film opened and moved on near another row tea shoot, note
Meaning tries not to damage mulch film, then opens in the middle of two row tea shoots dressing furrow, and apply fertilizer ditch depth 5-8cm, does not then apply pH value for 6-7 and not
Chloride composite fertilizer, such as preferably applies strong, Sa Kefu, and every mu is applied earthing after 5-8kg, uniform of application, then by the covering with ground sheeting opened
Return, ground film edge is real with soil pressure；Or directly in 2 small row tea shoots, burrow application composite fertilizer on the mulch film of four nest tea shoots center；
Topdress and carried out in summer shoot dormant mid or late July for the second time, fertilizing method with fertilizer type ibid, every mu of dose
Increase 2-3kg, note keeping the complete of mulch film；
In mid-September to early or mid October, mulch film is all removed, in the avris of tea shoot two, fertilising is opened at tea shoot 5-10cm
Ditch, ditch depth 7-10cm, every mu is applied the composite fertilizer 10-15kg that pH value is 6-7；
（6）Sizing is trimmed and pinched
Trimming：Tea shoot carries out sizing trimming for the first time after the completion of transplanting, trim more than terrain clearance 15-20cm branches and leaves, cut off
Major branch, retains side shoot, carries out 9-10 months autumn next year trimming for second, level trims more than terrain clearance 40-45cm branches and leaves.
Pinch for the first time：In the spring tip dormant late April to mid-May, treat that the young sprout that tea shoot is grown grows to 12cm
During level above, the young sprout of 8-10cm length is retained on the basis of the clip of first time trimming, the leaf of 1 bud 2 on young sprout top is plucked, by
Faster or slower is grown in young sprout, the speed of growth is uneven, and the young sprout of 12cm length is not grown to when some are pinched can wait to grow to the height
Degree is pinched once again, therefore, is pinched in two batches, and two batches, which are pinched, to be spaced 10-20 days；
Pinch for the second time：In late June to mid-July, when the summer shoot that tea shoot is grown stops growing, the spring tip pinch position basis
Upper raising 8-10cm, plucks the leaf of 1 bud 2 on young sprout top, is also harvesting ripe summer shoot of pinching in two batches, and two batches interval of pinching is also
10-20 days.
Further, step（2）It is middle to use slurry root liquid root dipping 10s.
Further, step（2）It is viscous that middle slurry root liquid includes 1000 times of liquid root-growing agents, 1500 times of liquid bactericide and 0.5kg/L
Soil.
A kind of breeding method for making tea tree do sth. in advance operation that the present invention is provided, has the advantages that：
（1）Starch and contain root-growing agent, bactericide and clay in root liquid, its root-growing agent can promote tea shoot to take root, and bactericide can kill germ, prevent
Only tea shoot is by courses of infection, and mud meets water and becomes mud, and its root-growing agent and bactericide are mixed with mud, have both been played and have been taken root, sterilization
Effect, while water conservation can also be played a part of, substantially increase the survival rate of tea shoot.
（2）Suo Shi composite fertilizers of the present invention, which are advisable, applies strong or Sa Kefu, is water soluble fertilizer, pH value is 6-7, and its nutrition is more complete
Face, institute is phosphorous to promote root system and overground part branch, and potassium can improve tea shoot resistance, and promote the photosynthesis of tea shoot, in conjunction with
Fertilizing method, can greatly reduce weeding cost.
Fertilization mode is takes off film, the epiphragma again after tea row center trench digging is applied, or on the mulch film directly in 2 small row tea shoot rows
Burrow fertilising, and absorptivity is substantially higher than spreading fertilizer over the fields urea, and its workload in 2 small row tea shoot both sides ditching-fertilizings again than reducing closely
Half, moreover it is possible to make fertilizer equably be absorbed by tea shoot, enough nutriments are provided for tea shoot, are conducive to it to take root and branches and leaves
Growth, while being also lateral root, the growth of side shoot provides enough nutriments, is that material base has been established in tea shoot vigorous growth
Plinth.
（3）Tea shoot when transplanting it is general want in covering with plastic film, but routine techniques membrane cover want in Second Year four, May to after transplanting
Open, to apply fertilizer, while avoiding making tea shoot dead with temperature rise burning root；And this technology black film mulching time lengthening is extremely
1 year or so, but precondition be transplant when must expose in the soil at tea shoot rhizome in the range of 10-12cm, not by mulch film institute
Covering, this operation can both ensure that tea shoot was ventilated, moreover it is possible to prevent temperature from crossing high fever root, while the growth of weeds is decreased,
Save labour.Such as being removed in four, May can grow largely in mulch film, exactly weeds vigorous growth period, tea shoot tea row
Weeds, and can only manually pull out, typically monthly except once, cost of labor is very high；The covering with plastic film time applies in conjunction with special
Fertilizer technology, can promote tea shoot fast-growth, go into operation ahead of time.
（4）By pinching twice, it is suppressed that the apical dominance of tea shoot, the growth of lateral bud and side shoot is promoted, makes tea shoot shape
Into at least two layers or more branch, the length of the increase branch number of plies, quantity and branch, along with applying composite fertilizer twice,
Nutritional sufficiency, tea shoot growth is vigorous and increment is big, can typically grow to height of tree 60cm or so, is trimmed in conjunction with sizing, because pinching
Carried out on the basis of trimming, both combine, and can reduce moving frequency, effectively shorten the time that tea shoot is gone into operation, carry it
Go into operation within early 1 year.
And conventional pruning technique is after cutting surely for the first time, not pinch, the apical dominance of tea shoot is not released or suppressed in time,
Give free rein to growth, the side shoot grown is less, and branch is mainly grown up, and adds a nitrogen fertilizer application, not comprehensive nutrition, general branch
It is less, and tea shoot increment is limited, the general height of tree only has 40cm or so, therefore, need to carry out cutting surely for three times, could be just in the 4th year
Go into operation.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
It is a kind of tea tree is done sth. in advance the breeding method gone into operation, comprise the following steps：
（1）Turn up the soil, apply fertilizer
With opening up wasteland tea, base fertilizer is applied in plantation ditch, base fertilizer is conventional 1.2-1.5 tons/mu of barnyard manure or farmyard manure and phosphate fertilizer 100-
150kg/ mus, then water, the moistening soil that finally rewaters is agglomerating to soil energy is held, but soil can be loosened after release, so
Black film mulching tea tree planting area, black mulch film wide 1m, thick 0.014mm are used afterwards, then with the tight black mulch film edge of soil pressure, are covered
The lid time is 1 year.
（2）Transplant pre-treatment
Transplanted from the tea shoot of robust growth, before tea shoot transplanting, tea shoot is carried out with slurry root liquid to starch root 10s, herein
The meaning is exactly that with slurry root liquid root dipping 10s, slurry root liquid is to add root-growing agent in 100kg water（Take root fast three seconds）, bactericide（Methyl Tobe
Tianjin）With clay 50kg, this, which starches to take root fast three seconds in root liquid, is diluted into 1000 times of liquid, and thiophanate methyl is diluted into 1500 times
Liquid.
（3）Transplant
9 the middle ten days-mid-October is transplanted, and is transplanted using the double strain modes of duplicate rows, and the double strain modes of duplicate rows herein are black at every
Planted on color mulch film by small spacing（Plant 2 small row tea shoots）, the plantation between adjacent two black mulch films planted by wide row space；Its
In, wide row space is 1.5-1.8m, and small line-spacing is 0.3-0.4m, and nest is away from for 0.25-0.3m, nest wide 10-12cm, deep 9-12cm, often
Nest plants 2 plants, and every meter is planted 13 plants, every mu of about 4000 plants of tea shoot of plantation.
Method for planting：Excavate mulch film with instrument, then plant nest is dug in soil below, after then two plants of tea shoots are closed up
Plant in plantation nest, gently mentioned again after earthing, then earthing compacting, do not loosened by gently to carry tea shoot and be defined, while also ensuring root
System unfolds；
（4）Pour root water, earthing
Water, i.e., watered at black mulch film cut at tea shoot rhizome, pour and drenched completely in the range of 25cm to around root system, poured
After complete water, then to carrying out the soil at earthing capping, but tea shoot rhizome in the range of 10-12cm at the black mulch film cut of tea shoot periphery
It must expose, can be ventilated, receive rainfall, moreover it is possible to prevent temperature from crossing high fever root；Rhizome position exposes how much soil compares herein
More crucial, it is less to expose soil, airtight waterproof, and the later stage can cause to burn root phenomenon, influence the survival of tea shoot, expose soil compared with
Many, weed growth is vigorous, increases labour.
General planting tea shoot, starts covering with plastic film before transplanting, in order to prevent temperature from crossing high fever root, need to be taken off in April, the 2nd
Mulch film, but mulch film was just removed the 2nd year autumn in the present invention, covering about one-year age, can heat and moisture preserving, reduction weeds life
It is long, weeder's effect more than 50% is saved in tea row.
（5）Fertilising
Carry out topdressing for the first time after late April next year, the long new root of tea shoot, in tea row, with small near the inner side of a line tea shoot
Knife gently cuts open mulch film, then gently film opened and moved on near another row tea shoot, notes damage mulch film of trying not, then
Open dressing furrow in the middle of two row tea shoots, apply fertilizer ditch depth 5-8cm, then apply the water-soluble composite fertilizer that pH value is 6, such as preferably apply strong or spread can
Richness, every mu is applied earthing after 5kg, uniform of application, then the covering with ground sheeting opened is returned, and ground film edge is real or direct 2 with soil pressure
In small row, burrow application composite fertilizer on the mulch film of four nest tea shoots center, to keep covering with ground sheeting.So fertilising can keep covering with ground sheeting
During to early or mid October basal dressing, weed growth amount in tea row can be greatly reduced.
Topdress and carried out in summer shoot dormant mid or late July for the second time, with fertilizer type ibid, every mu is applied fertilizing method
Fertilizer amount about 8kg, notes keeping the complete of mulch film；
Base manure applies in early or mid October throws off mulch film completely, and in the avris of tea shoot two, dressing furrow is opened at tea shoot 5-10cm,
Every mu is applied water-soluble composite fertilizer 10-15kg.
Conventional fertilizer application technology：Just mulch film is removed completely when topdressing first time, at tea shoot both sides are away from tea shoot 5-10cm
Dressing furrow is opened, urea is applied, every mu is applied urea 5-6kg（Or apply lax human excrement）, then blinding again, or do not ditch around tea shoot
Spread fertilizer over the fields urea, Bu Shi composite fertilizers.
The fertilization type of the present invention is different from routine techniques with fertilizing method.Fertilizer practice is the feelings for retaining covering with ground sheeting
Applied fertilizer under condition, make fertilizer not volatile, be more easy to be absorbed by tea shoot, and be difficult to grow grass in tea row, heat and moisture preserving；Applied fertilizer material is advisable
Strong or Sa Kefu is applied, not only nitrogenous, also phosphorous and potassium, phosphorus can promote root growth, while can promote the life of aerial part branches and leaves
It is long, and potassium can promote tea shoot to improve resistance.Routine techniques, only applies nitrogen, it is impossible to more preferably meet the nutritional need of tea shoot growth.Just
From the point of view of fertilizing method, it is volatile to spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer, is difficult to be absorbed；And applied in tea shoot both sides trench digging, because dose is few, it is difficult to apply
It is even, and both sides ditch, workload than it is of the invention it is many by about one time.
Strong nitrogenous 18%, phosphorous 8% is preferably applied, containing potassium 12%, composition total amount 38%；
Nitrogen 16% can be rich in by spreading, and phosphorous 6%, containing potassium 18%, composition total amount 40%；
Urea nitrogenous 46.4%, not phosphorous and potassium.
（6）Sizing is trimmed and pinched
Trimming：Tea shoot begins to carry out sizing trimming for the first time after transplanting, trim more than terrain clearance 15-20cm branches and leaves,
Major branch is cut off, retains side shoot, with seacteur by strain by secateurs, carries out 9-10 months autumn next year trimming for second, is pruned with level
Cut, cut off more than terrain clearance 40-45cm branches and leaves.
Pinch for the first time：In the spring tip dormant late April to mid-May, treat that the young sprout that tea shoot is grown grows to 12cm
During level above, the young sprout of 8-10cm length is retained on the basis of the clip of first time trimming, the leaf of 1 bud 2 on young sprout top is plucked, by
Faster or slower is grown in young sprout, the speed of growth is uneven, and the young sprout of 12cm length is not grown to when some are pinched can wait to grow to the height
Degree is pinched once again, therefore, can be pinched in two batches, and two batches, which are pinched, to be spaced 10-20 days；
Pinch for the second time：In late June to mid-July, when the summer shoot that tea shoot is grown stops growing, the spring tip pinch position basis
Upper raising 8-10cm, plucks the leaf of 1 bud 2 on young sprout top, is also harvesting ripe summer shoot of pinching in two batches, and two batches interval of pinching is also
10-20 days.
The purpose pinched is the apical dominance for suppressing tea shoot, promotes the growth of lateral bud side shoot, and multiple side shoot expands tree width,
Root growth can also be stimulated.After 1st time is pinched, the lateral bud below at position of pinching can be stimulated to grow up to side shoot, pinched for the second time
Same purpose is played, two layers of branch, and the increase of branch quantity so can be at least formed by pinching twice.If do not pinched, first
It is secondary cut surely it is latter as only long 2-3 side shoot, and side shoot mainly grows up, general only 1 layer of branch on clip.
Routine techniques only carries out sizing trimming to tea shoot, does not pinch, and sizing pruning method cuts one the 1st time surely with the present invention
Sample, but need to carry out three times, begin to be trimmed at once after tea shoot transplanting for the first time, trimmed at liftoff 15-20cm, second
The month in autumn 9-10 year carry out second to trim, trimmed at liftoff 25-30cm, the 3rd year 9-10 month, at liftoff 35-40 cm
Third time sizing trimming is carried out, is so completed after three sizing trimmings, in the 4th year（3 years after plantation）It can just go into operation, then pass through
Gently adopt to stay and support further to expand tree crown, in the 5th year（4 years after plantation）It can put into serial production.
Tea tree is cultivated by the breeding method of the present invention, just operation just can be realized the 3rd year spring.
Comparative example 1
Compared with Example 1, only once pinched operation, remaining cultivating process is identical with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2
Take with the identical tea shoot of embodiment 1, cultivated by the conventional breeding method of tea tree to operation.
Experimental example 1
Detection comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and embodiment 1 cultivate the growth indexes of obtained tea tree under the same conditions, and its result is shown in
Table 1.
Table 1 is pinched and growth of tea plant Indexes Comparison of not pinching
| Embodiment 1 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | |
| Plant height (cm) | 77.45 | 75.03 | 54.44 |
| Whole plant weight (g) | 89.31 | 52.31 | 32.59 |
| Trunk diameter (mm) | 8.44 | 6.94 | 5.44 |
| Root weight (g) | 15.34 | 8.72 | 5.52 |
| Lateral root diameter (mm) | 3.90 | 3.28 | 1.93 |
| Lateral root weight (g) | 9.63 | 4.77 | 2.10 |
| One-level branch amount | 3.80 | 3.00 | 1.70 |
| One-level Branch diameter (mm) | 3.72 | 3.44 | 3.18 |
| Second branch number | 3.50 | 1.10 | 0.00 |
| Second branch diameter (mm) | 6.56 | 3.32 | — |
| Three-level branch amount | 7.50 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Three-level Branch diameter (mm) | 2.49 | — | — |
As shown in Table 1, the growth indexes of tea tree are significantly better than that the growth indexes for tea tree of not pinching after pinching, and tea of pinching twice
Every growth indexes of tree show that operation of pinching can effectively lift the quality and yield of tea tree, be lifted higher than tea tree of once pinching
The economic value of tea tree.
Experimental example 2
Take three groups of identical tea shoots, first group is applied fertilizer using throwing off by the way of dressing furrow is opened in the small tea row center of mulch film, second
Group using mulch film burrow fertilization mode fertilising, first group and second group applies Sa Kefu or preferably applies strong, and the 3rd group is not applied fertilizer, its
Remaining cultivating process is identical with embodiment 1, cultivates to going into operation, determines the growth indexes of tea tree, it the results are shown in Table 2.
Influence of the Different Fertilization mode of table 2 to growth of tea plant index
As shown in Table 2, first group is applied fertilizer using the central ditching-fertilizing mode of the small tea row of mulch film is thrown off, and second group is burrowed using mulch film
Mode apply fertilizer, the growth indexes of the tea tree that two kinds of fertilization modes are obtained are above the tea tree do not applied fertilizer, and using throwing off mulch film
The growth indexes for the tea tree that the fertilization mode of trench digging is cultivated are above applying fertilizer by the way of mulch film burrows the tea tree of cultivation.
Experimental example 3
In order to detect the influence of fertilization mode and fertilization type to tea tree, using different fertilization modes, different fertilizer are applied, remaining
Process is same as Example 1.
Fertilization mode：Mulch film burrows（Burrow）, throw off mulch film and open dressing furrow epiphragma again（Ditch spread）With spread fertilizer over the fields.
Fertilization type：Urea, preferably apply strong and Sa Kefu.
In September, the 2nd part is sampled before basal dressing, and observation Different Fertilization method and fertilization type are to tea root and blade
The influence of N, P and K content, its result is shown in Table 3 and table 4 respectively.
The influence result of the Different Fertilization mode of table 3 and fertilization type to root system N, P and K content
| N（mg/kg) | P（mg/kg) | K（mg/kg) | |
| Spread fertilizer over the fields urea | 17904.25 | 950.10 | 3902.05 |
| Ditch spread urea | 18170.5 | 977.20 | 5198.5 |
| Ditch spread is preferably applied strong | 17254.3 | 1042.0 | 6887.0 |
| Burrow to apply and preferably apply strong | 16432.75 | 1275.5 | 5652.0 |
| Ditch is applied can be rich | 16207.08 | 1315.0 | 7079.0 |
| Burrowing, apply can be rich | 15237.79 | 1475.75 | 5707.75 |
The influence result of the Different Fertilization mode of table 4 and fertilization type to blade N, P and K content
| N（mg/kg) | P（mg/kg) | K（mg/kg) | |
| Spread fertilizer over the fields urea | 24838 | 1974 | 6376 |
| Ditch spread urea | 26104 | 2101 | 6553 |
| Ditch spread is preferably applied strong | 29085 | 2230 | 8738 |
| Burrow to apply and preferably apply strong | 26544 | 2073 | 7751 |
| Ditch is applied can be rich | 29706 | 2220 | 8471 |
| Burrowing, apply can be rich | 28487 | 2083 | 7983 |
From table 3 and table 4, relative to spreading fertilizer over the fields, mulch film, which burrows, to be applied or ditch spread fertilizer, can increase tea root and blade to N,
P, K absorption, apply urea in addition, applying absorption of the composite fertilizer to its content and exceeding, tea shoot is stored more N, P and K, be
The growth of tea shoot provides enough nutriments, and establishes material base for the fast-growth of tea shoot.
When being gone into operation after the transfer at the beginning of Second Year spring, tea sample is made in the leaf fresh leaf of 1 bud of harvesting standard 2, detects different fertilisings
The influence of mode and fertilization type to tealeaves nutriment, it the results are shown in Table 5.
The influence result of the Different Fertilization mode of table 5 and fertilization type to tealeaves nutriment
| Ditch spread is preferably applied strong | Burrow to apply and preferably apply strong | Ditch spread urea | Spread fertilizer over the fields urea | Ditch is applied can be rich | Burrowing, apply can be rich | |
| Water extraction % | 54.25 | 53.39 | 53.71 | 51.17 | 54.15 | 52.14 |
| Tea Polyphenols % | 16.23 | 15.39 | 15.27 | 13.75 | 15.60 | 14.88 |
| Total amino acid content % | 7.33 | 6.91 | 7.36 | 7.79 | 7.32 | 7.45 |
| Caffeine % | 4.31 | 3.90 | 4.37 | 4.23 | 4.24 | 4.07 |
| GC% | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.26 | 0.35 | 0.24 |
| EGC% | 0.98 | 1.04 | 1.15 | 1.05 | 1.19 | 1.02 |
| C% | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| EC% | 0.74 | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.73 | 0.82 | 0.76 |
| EGCG% | 10.87 | 10.25 | 10.26 | 8.95 | 10.22 | 9.78 |
As shown in Table 5, relative to spreading fertilizer over the fields, mulch film, which burrows, to be applied or ditch spread fertilizer, can increase tealeaves main biochemical quality component
Content, in addition, applying composite fertilizer compared to urea is applied, can more improve the content of tealeaves main biochemical quality component.Therefore, it is of the invention
Fertilizing method can significantly improve tea leaf quality.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of make tea tree do sth. in advance the breeding method gone into operation, it is characterised in that comprises the following steps：
（1）Turn up the soil, apply fertilizer
With opening up wasteland tea, base fertilizer is applied in plantation ditch, base fertilizer is 1.2-1.5 tons/mu of barnyard manure or farmyard manure and phosphate fertilizer 100-150kg/
Mu, then waters, finally with black film mulching, then with the tight black mulch film edge of soil pressure, the cover time is 1 year；
（2）Transplant pre-treatment
Before tea shoot transplanting, with slurry root liquid root dipping 10-15s, the slurry root liquid includes 800-1000 times of liquid root-growing agent, 1200-
The clay of 1500 times of liquid bactericide and 0.4-0.6kg/L；
（3）Transplant
9 the middle ten days-mid-October is transplanted, and is transplanted using the double strain modes of duplicate rows：Planted on every black mulch film by small spacing, phase
Plantation between adjacent two black mulch films is planted by wide row space；Wherein, wide row space is 1.5-1.8m, and small line-spacing is 0.3-0.4m,
Nest plants 2 plants per nest, during plantation, is dug on mulch film and plant nest away from for 0.25-0.3m, the wide 10-12cm of nest, nest depth 9-12cm,
Plant in plantation nest, gently mentioned again after earthing after two plants of tea shoots are closed up again, then earthing compacting；
（4）Pour root water, earthing
Watered at black mulch film cut, pour and drenched completely in the range of 20-25cm to around root system, poured after water, then to black
The soil around earthing capping, tea shoot rhizome in the range of 10-12cm is carried out at mulch film cut to expose；
（5）Fertilising
Carry out topdressing for the first time after late April next year, the long new root of tea shoot, in tea row, cut in the inner side of a line tea shoot with pocket knife
Turn up the soil film, film is opened, then dressing furrow is opened in the middle of two row tea shoots, apply fertilizer ditch depth 5-8cm, then applies pH value for 6-7 and is free of
The composite fertilizer of chlorine, every mu is applied earthing after 5-8kg, uniform of application, then the covering with ground sheeting opened is returned, ground film edge soil pressure
It is real；Or directly in 2 small row tea shoots, burrow application composite fertilizer on the mulch film of four nest tea shoots center；
Mid or late July is topdressed for the second time, and with fertilizer type ibid, every mu of dose increases 2-3kg to fertilizing method；
In mid-September to early or mid October, mulch film is all removed, in the avris of tea shoot two, fertilising is opened at tea shoot 5-10cm
Ditch, ditch depth 7-10cm, every mu is applied the composite fertilizer 10-15kg that pH value is 6-7；
（6）Sizing is trimmed and pinched
Trimming：Tea shoot carries out sizing trimming for the first time after the completion of transplanting, trim more than terrain clearance 15-20cm branches and leaves, cut off
Major branch, retains side shoot, carries out month next year 9-10 trimming for second, level trims more than terrain clearance 40-45cm branches and leaves；
Pinch for the first time：Late April next year to mid-May, when the young sprout that tea shoot is grown grows to 12cm level above, first
Retain the young sprout of 8-10cm length on the basis of the clip of secondary trimming, pluck the leaf of 1 bud 2 on young sprout top, pinch in two batches, two batches are pinched
At intervals of 10-20 days；
Pinch for the second time：In late June to mid-July, when the summer shoot that tea shoot is grown stops growing, position base of being pinched in first time
8-10cm is improved on plinth, the leaf of 1 bud 2 on young sprout top is plucked, harvesting ripe summer shoot of pinching in two batches, two batches are pinched at intervals of 10-
20 days.
2. according to claim 1 make tea tree do sth. in advance the breeding method gone into operation, it is characterised in that step（2）It is middle to use slurry root
Liquid root dipping 10s.
3. according to claim 1 make tea tree do sth. in advance the breeding method gone into operation, it is characterised in that step（2）Middle slurry root liquid
Including 1000 times of liquid root-growing agents, 1500 times of liquid bactericide and 0.5kg/L clays.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110291915A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-10-01 | 四川绿源春茶业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods shortening the young tea plantations nurturing period |
| CN112005802A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-12-01 | 广西壮族自治区茶叶科学研究所 | Method for quickly building tea garden in alpine mountain area |
| CN115299286A (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-11-08 | 四川农业大学 | Method for culturing crown of young tea tree of large-leaf tea |
| CN115316182A (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2022-11-11 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Cultivation method for applying drip irrigation tea trees by using soybean milk tail pulp |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110291915A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-10-01 | 四川绿源春茶业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods shortening the young tea plantations nurturing period |
| CN112005802A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-12-01 | 广西壮族自治区茶叶科学研究所 | Method for quickly building tea garden in alpine mountain area |
| CN115316182A (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2022-11-11 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Cultivation method for applying drip irrigation tea trees by using soybean milk tail pulp |
| CN115316182B (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2023-12-29 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Cultivation method for tea tree by applying drip irrigation with soybean milk tail slurry |
| CN115299286A (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-11-08 | 四川农业大学 | Method for culturing crown of young tea tree of large-leaf tea |
| CN115299286B (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2023-11-10 | 四川农业大学 | Cultivation method of crown of young tea tree of large-leaf tea |
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