CN107079843B - Breeding method of coregonus ussuriensis fries - Google Patents
Breeding method of coregonus ussuriensis fries Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
A method for cultivating the seeds of the coregonus ussuriensis sard relates to a method for cultivating the seeds of the coregonus ussuriensis sard. The invention aims to solve the problem of high mortality rate in the large-scale culture process of the fries of the coregonus ussuriensisThe method comprises the following steps: firstly, breaking membranes of the Suzuki whitesalmon fry; secondly, after the Monobrachium ussuriensis larvae float upwards, feeding the Monobrachium ussuriensis larvae with fairy shrimp as biological bait in the initial stage, feeding the Monobrachium ussuriensis larvae with daphnia magna (an aquatic zooplankton and cladocera) for 5-10 days after the Monobrachium ussuriensis larvae open for 15-20 days, feeding the Monobrachium ussuriensis larvae with water earthworm-complete formula feed mud for 10-15 days, and finally acclimating the larvae with the complete formula feed until the weight of the larvae reaches 8-10 g, so that the breeding of the Monobrachium ussuriensis larvae is completed; in the second step, the fry weight is more than 0.3g, and the culture density is 4000-5000 tails/m3. The bred coregonus ussuriensis fries have good quality, and the survival rate can be improved to more than 80%. The invention belongs to the field of fish fry breeding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fish breeding method.
Background
Salmon salmonides (Coregonus ussuransis Berg) are commonly known as Yabasha and Rabbit fish, and belong to the Salmoniformes, Salmonidae, and Salmonella. It is a kind of cold water fish belonging to arctic-freshwater complex, and is like to live in clear water with low water temperature, gravel substrate and river with certain flow rate. As the main production area is located in the boundary river of the two countries of China and Russia, the production of the boundary river is not limited, over-fishing, especially fishing of 200 g juvenile fishes with the weight of 100-.
The rare high-quality fish culture is the development trend of the world aquaculture industry, the development speed of the cold water fish culture in China is very high in recent years, but most of the cultured species are foreign introduced species, the impact of imported products is great, and the development of high-quality species with Chinese special and independent intellectual property rights is increasingly emphasized. The establishment of parent fish groups of the Wusuli whitefish can not only develop a good breeding variety with high economic value for China, but also reduce the dependence of people on wild commodities, and has important significance for saving endangered species and recovering natural resources. At present, the mortality rate is high in the large-scale breeding process of the coregonus ussuriensis fries, and the fry breeding technologies of other fishes are too complicated and not easy to be industrialized, so that the coregonus ussuriensis fries are not suitable for large-scale breeding of the coregonus ussuriensis fries.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for breeding coregonus ussuriensis seeds, aiming at solving the technical problem of high mortality rate in the large-scale breeding process of coregonus ussuriensis seeds.
The method for breeding the coregonus ussuriensis fries is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, putting 50000 fertilized eggs into a sterilized parallel groove in a flushing type hatching device, hatching the fertilized eggs at the temperature of 2-5 ℃ in a dark place by water flow of 5 liters/minute until membranes of the merlinnaeus parvus fry are broken, and removing egg skins, dead eggs and dead seedlings in the membrane breaking process;
secondly, after the yellow jacket redfish fries float upwards, 10000 fish are bred in each temperature-controlled circulating water breeding unit, the fairy shrimp fries are fed with biological bait in the initial stage, and the brine shrimp is fed with 20 g of brine shrimp eggs (every 10000 fries need to be incubated for 20 g of brine shrimp eggs, the brine shrimp eggs need to be incubated into larvae which are named as brine shrimp and are arthropods capable of moving) in a saturated way every day, 20 g of freeze-dried brine shrimp eggs are used for every 10000 fries in daily feeding amount, the eggs are incubated for 2 times every day, and after the fries of the black Su redfish are opened for 15 to 20 days, the method comprises the following steps of selecting large daphnia (an aquatic zooplankton, cladocera) to feed for 5-10 days, feeding for 10-15 days by using tubificidae-complete formula feed mud (the mass ratio of the tubificidae to the complete formula feed is 3: 1), and finally acclimatizing the fries by using the complete formula feed, wherein the feeding modes of the various baits are as follows: the feeding amount is 10-15% of the weight of the fry every 6 times every day and every 2 hours, the breeding temperature is 6-8 ℃ (this is the core part of the patent, namely the fry needs to be bred at a specific temperature in a 0.3g stage, can grow in a wider temperature range after the consumed function and the swimming ability are strengthened), the weight of the fry reaches 0.3g, the breeding temperature is 4-16 ℃ (the stage belongs to a fry stage, the swimming ability is strong, the food intake is more autonomous, therefore, the fry can be fed more independentlyLiving in a wider range of water temperatures, which is also a result of natural choices. This size is also a result of evolution when in nature, as it is also wintering under the ice layer of the great river. This temperature range can exist thereafter. However, the fry stage of the larval fish, 0.3g of juvenile fish, must live at the temperature of 6-8 ℃. ) Feeding 4 times a day, with 3-hour intervals between each time, feeding 5% -6% of the weight of the fry for cultivation, feeding 2-3 times a day with 4-6 hours intervals between each time when the weight of the fry reaches 3g, and continuing to cultivate fry until the weight of the fry reaches 8-10 g; in the second step, the fry weight is more than 0.3g, and the culture density is 4000-5000 tails/m3。
In step one, the parallel groove is disinfected by 20ppm of povidone iodine and 800ppm of formaldehyde.
In the second step, the illumination intensity of the fry breeding water surface is 10-100 Lux, and the illumination time is less than 12 hours/day.
The method has the advantages of being eco-friendly, simple and convenient to operate, low in cost, easy to popularize and demonstrate and the like. The bred coregonus ussuriensis fries have good quality, the survival rate can be improved to more than 80%, the high mortality rate in the traditional breeding mode is effectively improved, the opening mortality rate is high by directly applying complete feed, meanwhile, references and experiences are provided for the larval opening and artificial domestication of other fierce fishes, and the large-scale breeding is realized.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for breeding the coregonus ussuriensis fries in the embodiment is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, putting 50000 fertilized eggs into a sterilized parallel groove in a flushing type hatching device (a standardized special flushing type hatching device is a cone made of acrylic materials with the diameter of 25cm and the height of 50cm), hatching the fertilized eggs until membranes of the juvenile salmonis are broken in the dark at the temperature of 2-5 ℃ at the water flow rate of 5 liters/min, and removing egg skins, dead eggs and dead seedlings in the membrane breaking process;
secondly, after the Monochamus alternatus pax larvae float upwards, 10000-tail density cultivation is carried out according to each temperature-controlled circulating water cultivation unit (50cm × 50cm × 50cm), the Monochamus alternatus pax larvae are fed with fairy shrimp serving as biological bait in the opening stage, the fairy shrimp is fed with fairy shrimp in a saturated mode every day (20 g of fairy shrimp eggs need to be hatched every 10000), the eggs are hatched 2 times every day, after 15-20 days of opening of the Monochamus alternatus pax larvae, large daphnia flea is fed for 5-10 days, the giant tubificidae is fed with tubificidae-complete formula feed mud for 10-15 days, finally the larvae are acclimated with complete formula feed in a mode that feeding is carried out 6 times every day, 2 hours of every day, 10-15% of the weight of the Monochampious alternatus pax larvae per day, the cultivation temperature is 6-8 ℃, the weight of the larvae is 0.3g, the feeding temperature is 4-16 ℃, the weight of every day is carried out 3 hours, the weight of every 5000 hours, the fry is carried out every day, the weight of the fry is 5-5% of every day, the fry is carried out for the fry, the fry is carried out the interval of the breeding for 3-3 hours, the fry is carried out for the fry to be continued for the breeding for the second time, the fry to be carried out, the fish breeding for the fish fry to be carried out, the fish breeding step of the fish3。
In the first step of the embodiment, the actions of removing the egg skin, the dead eggs and the dead seedlings in the membrane breaking stage of the coregonus ussuriensis larval fish are gentle, tools are sterilized by 20ppm of povidone iodine and 800ppm of formaldehyde, and a light shielding plate is covered after the operation to avoid direct irradiation of strong light.
The mouth-opening stage of the coregonus ussuriensis fries in the second step refers to the process from the first feeding of the fries to the successful feeding of the complete formula feed.
10000 fish are bred in a circulating water breeding unit at a high density, so that the prevention and the treatment of bacterial gill-rot diseases, trichina diseases, bacterial enteritis, ichthyophthirius multifiliis and other diseases are facilitated, and the initial stocking-domestication rate of the larval fish is improved. Because the digestive system development of the larvae of the early-hatched snakehead whitefish is not complete, the larvae are directly opened by using biological bait, then are intensively cultivated by using water fleas, and are transited by using tubificidae-full-price compound feed food mud, and finally the larvae are acclimatized by using full-price feed.
Opening by selecting fairy shrimp, strengthening by using tubificidae, and transiting biological bait and full-value compound feed food mud to finally achieve full-value compound feed domestication and feeding. The death rate of early seedlings is effectively reduced. Therefore, a more ecological and gentle means is adopted to carry out the large-scale cultivation of the fry of the coreopsis tinctoria salmonids. According to the characteristics of incomplete development of a digestive system, poor hunger resistance and the like of the white salmon seeds, the feed is opened by the Toyota chinensis, and the tubificidae and the full-price compound feed are transited by the food mud, so that the aim of feeding the full-price compound feed is finally fulfilled. The method has the advantages of good effect, low cost, and large scale, and the domestication rate of the initial feeding of the Monochamus chalcogilus virens can reach more than 80%.
At present, in the large-scale cultivation process of the salmonidae fish fries, the cultivation density is calculated by the water bearing capacity, and the cultivation density is generally 3-5 kg/m at the fry stage3And the high mortality rate problem occurs in the seedling cultivation stage for many years continuously, and the mortality rate reaches more than 80 percent because density division should not be carried out according to the bearing capacity of the water body and the group quantity of unit water volume should be taken as a division limit. In the implementation mode, through the seedling stage, the breeding density is 4000-3And the survival rate is obviously improved.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the incubation temperature of the fertilized egg in the first step is 3 ℃. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that the incubation temperature of the fertilized egg in the first step is 4 ℃. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to third embodiments is that in the first step, the parallel tank is sterilized with 20ppm povidone-iodine and 800ppm formaldehyde. The rest is the same as one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between the first embodiment and the fourth embodiment is that the illumination intensity of the fry rearing water surface in the second step is 10-100 Lux, and the illumination time is less than 12 hours/day. The rest is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between the first embodiment and the fifth embodiment is that the illumination intensity of the fry rearing water surface in the second step is 20-80 Lux. The rest is the same as one of the first to third embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the embodiment is different from the first embodiment to the sixth embodiment in that the feeding mode of the bait in the second step is as follows: the feeding is carried out 6 times a day with an interval of 2 hours, the daily feeding amount is 13 percent of the weight of the larval fish, and the breeding temperature is 7 ℃. The rest is the same as one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the difference between the first embodiment and the seventh embodiment is that in the second step, the fry is fed for 4 times every day at the temperature of 5-10 ℃ and 3 hours between each time when the weight of the fry reaches 0.3g, and the fry is fed for 5.5% of the weight of the fry every day. The rest is the same as one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the difference between the present embodiment and the first to eighth embodiments is the incubation method of fairy shrimp in the second step:
(1) soaking the artemia cysts to be unshelled in fresh water or seawater at the temperature of below 10 ℃ for 1-2 hours;
(2) preparing a shelling solution: preparing 980-2800 ml of shelling solution by using 270-772 ml of sodium hypochlorite, 10.5-30 g of sodium hydroxide and seawater for every 70-200 g of freeze-dried artemia cysts;
(3) shelling: draining the absorbed artemia cysts, putting the artemia cysts into a shelling solution, cooling the shelling solution filled with the artemia cysts to prevent the temperature from rising to more than 40 ℃, continuously stirring and inflating for 5-15 min, stopping stirring and inflating when the coffee egg shells are not visible and the orange eggs are formed, and finishing shelling;
(4) cleaning and residual chlorine removal: collecting shelled artemia cysts with a 100-mesh sieve, washing with clear water and seawater until no chlorine smell is detected to obtain artemia cysts, neutralizing residual chlorine in a solution diluted with 12.6-36 g of sodium thiosulfate for 1min, and washing with fresh water or seawater. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the difference between the present embodiment and one of the first to ninth embodiments is the incubation method of fairy shrimp in the second step:
(1) soaking the artemia cysts to be unshelled in fresh water or seawater at the temperature of below 10 ℃ for 1-2 hours;
(2) preparing a shelling solution: preparing 980-2800 ml of shelling solution by using 270-772 ml of sodium hypochlorite, 10.5-30 g of sodium hydroxide and seawater for every 70-200 g of freeze-dried artemia cysts;
(3) shelling: draining the absorbed fairy shrimp eggs, putting the fairy shrimp eggs into a shelling solution, cooling the shelling solution containing the fairy shrimp eggs (putting the shelling solution containing the fairy shrimp eggs into liquid using ice blocks or other cooling equipment for cooling), preventing the temperature from rising to more than 40 ℃, continuously stirring and inflating (prohibiting the shelling solution from splashing around, preventing the shelling solution from splashing into a water return tank) for 5-15 min, stopping stirring and inflating when the coffee egg shells are not seen and the eggs are orange red, and finishing shelling;
(4) cleaning and residual chlorine removal: collecting shelled artemia cysts with a 100-mesh bolting silk, washing with clear water and seawater until no chlorine smell is detected to obtain artemia cysts, neutralizing residual chlorine in a solution diluted by 12.6-36 g of sodium thiosulfate for 1min, and finally washing with fresh water or seawater;
(5) hatching: and (3) putting the artemia cysts or artemia cysts treated in the step (4) into a artemia hatching barrel, and hatching the artemia under the condition that the salinity of seawater is 26-33 per mill. The rest is the same as one of the first to ninth embodiments.
The proportions of the drugs used in this embodiment are as follows:
TABLE 1
| Fairy shrimp dry egg (g) | 80 | 90 | 100 | 120 | 150 | 180 | 200 |
| Sodium hydroxide (g) | 12 | 13.5 | 15 | 18 | 22.5 | 27 | 30 |
| Sodium hypochlorite (ml) | 309 | 347 | 386 | 463 | 579 | 694 | 772 |
| Sodium thiosulfate (g) | 14 | 16 | 18 | 22 | 27 | 32 | 36 |
| Shelling solution (ml) | 1120 | 1260 | 1400 | 1680 | 2100 | 2520 | 2800 |
The following experiments are adopted to verify the effect of the invention:
experimental groups:
the method for breeding the coregonus ussuriensis fries is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, putting 50000 fertilized eggs into a sterilized parallel groove in a flushing type hatching device, hatching the fertilized eggs to rupture membranes of the mermaid fries at the temperature of 4 ℃ in a dark place with the water flow of 5 liters/minute, and removing egg skins, dead eggs and dead seedlings in the membrane rupturing process;
secondly, after the Wusuli white salmon fries float upwards, 10000 fish are bred in each temperature-controlled circulating water breeding unit, the Wusuli white salmon fries are fed with biological baits by the fairy shrimp in the initial stage, the fairy shrimp is fed in a saturated mode every day, the eggs are hatched 2 times every day, the Wusuli white salmon fries are opened for 20 days, large water fleas are selected for feeding for 10 days, then the Wusuli white salmon fries are fed with tubificidae-complete formula feed mud for 10 days, and finally the fries are acclimatized by the complete formula feed, wherein the feeding modes of the above baits are as follows: feeding for 6 times a day, with an interval of 2 hours between each time, wherein the daily feeding amount is 12% of the weight of the fry, the breeding temperature is 7 ℃, when the weight of the fry reaches 0.3g, the breeding temperature is 10 ℃, feeding for 4 times a day, with an interval of 3 hours between each time, and when the daily feeding amount is 5% of the weight of the fry, breeding, when the weight of the fry reaches 3g, feeding for 3 times a day, with an interval of 5 hours between each time, and when the daily feeding amount is 4% of the weight of the fry, continuing breeding until the weight of the fry reaches 10 g; step two fishThe breeding density is 5000 tails/m after the weight of the seedlings is more than 0.3g3。
In step one, the parallel groove is disinfected by 20ppm of povidone iodine and 800ppm of formaldehyde. In the second step, the illumination intensity of the fry breeding water surface is 10-100 Lux, and the illumination time is less than 12 hours/day.
The fairy shrimp hatching method in the second step comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking the artemia cysts to be unshelled in fresh water or seawater at the temperature of below 10 ℃ for 1-2 hours;
(2) preparing a shelling solution: preparing 980 ml of shelling solution by using 270 ml of sodium hypochlorite, 10.5 g of sodium hydroxide and seawater for every 70 g of freeze-dried artemia cysts;
(3) shelling: draining the absorbed artemia cysts, putting into a shelling solution, cooling the shelling solution filled with the artemia cysts to prevent the temperature from rising to more than 40 ℃, continuously stirring and inflating for 10min, stopping stirring and inflating when coffee egg shells are not seen and orange eggs are formed, and finishing shelling;
(4) cleaning and residual chlorine removal: collecting shelled artemia cysts with a 100-mesh sieve, washing with clear water and seawater until no chlorine smell is detected to obtain artemia cysts, neutralizing residual chlorine in 12.6 g sodium thiosulfate diluted solution for 1min, and washing with fresh water or seawater.
The control group A adopts a method for breeding brachymystax lenok salmon to carry out large-scale breeding on seeds, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
feeding aquatic zooplankton (daphnia magna) 5-7 days after the fry floats, feeding for 20 days for 6 times every day, wherein the Wusuli whitefish is still unpalatable (the daphnia magna individuals are too large), and has poor active feeding capability; then continuously feeding the earthworms with the water for reinforcement, wherein the feeding is performed for 10 days in an intensified mode for 6 times every day, but the Suzuri white salmon shows obvious malnutrition and lags in growth at the stage; then feeding the mixed mud of the tubificidae and the complete formula feed (the volume ratio of the mechanically crushed tubificidae to the powdery artificial feed is 1:3) for 15 days, feeding the tubificidae for 6 times every day, continuously reducing the mixing ratio of the tubificidae, gradually selecting a complete formula feed (artificial feed) group for induction for 15 days, continuously selecting the granular complete formula feed (artificial feed) for feeding for 30 days, and feeding the tubificidae for 6 times every day, thus finishing the open domestication and the cultivation of the black Su Reynold white salmon fry stage, wherein the domestication survival rate is 60%.
The control group B adopts a rainbow trout breeding method to breed the fry of the black curry salmon, and the specific method comprises the following steps: after the fry floats for 5-7 days, feeding the fry directly by using powdery complete formula feed for 6 times each day, supersaturating the fry for 7-10 days, and domesticating survival rate of 30%.
The experimental results are as follows: the survival rate of the experimental group of the Suzuri whitefish can reach more than 80 percent. The survival rate of the control group A of the Wusuli whitefish can reach 60 percent, but most of the control group A has emaciation, malnutrition and slow growth. In the control group B, due to the resistance of the coregonus ussuriensis to artificial feed, a large number of fries cannot smoothly complete the first feeding, so that the fries die due to starvation or die after reaching a point of irreversible starvation, and the survival rate is only 30%.
Compared research on an experimental group and a control group shows that the method for cultivating the brachymystax lenok fry is too complicated and complex, and the opening of large aquatic zooplankton is not suitable, because most of individuals of the daphnia exceeds the width of the cleft mouth of the coregonus ussuriensis, more importantly, the nutritive value of the daphnia is too low, although a good opening effect relative to the feed is obtained, the nutrition and energy cannot follow the characteristic that the fish body grows fast, so that the growth is delayed, the development is slow, further, the disease is caused, and the death rate is increased. The fry breeding method for rainbow trout is too simple, the feeding property of the hybrid salmon is more biased to the meat feeding property, so that the active feeding capacity of the fry can be stimulated only by feeding aquatic zooplanktons in the early stage of the opening of the fry, the digestion function is smoothly established, artificial feed is directly selected for the opening domestication, the early stage of the fry of the black-perilla-leaf salmon generates resistance, the active feeding capacity of the fry of the black-perilla-leaf salmon cannot be stimulated, and the death caused by hunger is very high. Therefore, the present embodiment develops a cultivation method suitable for hatch domestication of the fry of the mermaid based on the ecological habits and characteristics of the digestive system of the mermaid.
TABLE 2 complete formula feed ingredient table (%, by weight)
| Imported fish meal | 48.00 |
| Blood powder | 5.00 |
| Liver powder | 1.00 |
| Bean pulp | 16.58 |
| Wheat middling | 5.00 |
| Corn flour | 5.00 |
| Imported fish oil | 16.00 |
| Phospholipid powder | 2.00 |
| Vitamin preparation | 0.50 |
| Trace elements | 0.50 |
| Choline | 0.20 |
| BHT | 0.02 |
| Zeolite | 0.20 |
| Total up to | 100.00 |
Experiment two:
experimental groups:
the method for breeding the young fishes of the coregonus ussuriensis fries at the initial stage comprises the following steps:
firstly, putting 50000 fertilized eggs into a sterilized parallel groove in a flushing type hatching device, hatching the fertilized eggs to rupture membranes of the mermaid fries at the temperature of 3 ℃ in a dark place with the water flow of 5 liters/minute, and removing egg skins, dead eggs and dead seedlings in the membrane rupturing process;
and II, after the Monobrachium ussuriensis larvae float upwards, breeding according to the density of 10000 fish in each temperature-controlled circulating water culture unit, and feeding the Monobrachium ussuriensis larvae with fairy shrimp as biological bait in the initial stage. The fairy shrimp starter has better palatability, plays a great role in promoting the larval fish from endogenous nutrition to exogenous nutrition, and is favorable for stimulating the larval fish to be opened. The fairy shrimp is rich in nutrition, small in size and capable of swimming up and down, so that the larval fish can be conveniently preyed. For early stage feeding of the Wusuli whitefish, the fairy shrimp is most suitable as biological initial feed and is rich in nutrition. The larval domestication rate and the survival rate of the larval fish can respectively reach 98 percent and 85 percent.
Control group one:
the method for breeding the young fishes of the coregonus ussuriensis fries at the initial stage comprises the following steps:
firstly, putting 50000 fertilized eggs into a sterilized parallel groove in a flushing type hatching device, hatching the fertilized eggs to rupture membranes of the mermaid fries at the temperature of 3 ℃ in a dark place with the water flow of 5 liters/minute, and removing egg skins, dead eggs and dead seedlings in the membrane rupturing process;
and II, after the Monochamus alternatus pax larvae float upwards, breeding according to the density of 10000 fish in each temperature-controlled circulating water culture unit, and feeding the Monochamus alternatus pax larvae by using artificial feed as bait in the initial stage. The artificial feed is selected for opening the mouth, most of the fry can not be eaten due to poor palatability, and the fry can pollute water under the condition of feeding more fry, so that the fry can be infected with gill rot disease. Because the bait with rich nutrition and good taste can not be obtained for a long time, the larval fish grows slowly, the fish body is thinned, the disease resistance is reduced, and the larval domestication rate and the survival rate of the larval fish are respectively lower by 30 percent and 20 percent.
Control group two:
the method for breeding the young fishes of the coregonus ussuriensis fries at the initial stage comprises the following steps:
firstly, putting 50000 fertilized eggs into a sterilized parallel groove in a flushing type hatching device, hatching the fertilized eggs to rupture membranes of the mermaid fries at the temperature of 3 ℃ in a dark place with the water flow of 5 liters/minute, and removing egg skins, dead eggs and dead seedlings in the membrane rupturing process;
and secondly, after the Monochamus alternatus pax larvae float upwards, breeding according to the density of 10000 fish in each temperature-controlled circulating water culture unit, and feeding the Monochamus alternatus pax larvae with daphnia biological bait in the initial stage. The daphnia is selected for opening, and the daphnia has strong swimming capability and low nutritive value, so that the larval fish is difficult to prey and cannot obtain more abundant protein nutrition. Despite palatability resolution, nutrition does not follow. The larval domestication rate and the survival rate of the larval fish can reach 80 percent and 60 percent respectively.
Claims (8)
1. A method for breeding the seeds of the coregonus ussuriensis is characterized in that the method for breeding the seeds of the coregonus ussuriensis is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, putting 50000 fertilized eggs into a sterilized parallel groove in a flushing type hatching device, hatching the fertilized eggs at the temperature of 2-5 ℃ in a dark place by water flow of 5 liters/minute until membranes of the merlinnaeus parvus fry are broken, and removing egg skins, dead eggs and dead seedlings in the membrane breaking process;
secondly, after the yellow jacket redfish fries float upwards, the black jacket redfish fries are bred according to the density of 10000 fries in each temperature-controlled circulating water breeding unit, and fairy shrimp fries are selected at the stage of opening mouthFeeding biological baits, performing saturated feeding on fairy shrimp every day, hatching worm eggs for 2 times every day, feeding large daphnia fleas for 5-10 days after opening fries of the coreopsis tinctoria fries for 15-20 days, feeding the fries for 10-15 days through tubificidae-complete formula feed mud, and finally acclimatizing the fries to the complete formula feed, wherein the feeding modes of the baits are as follows: feeding for 6 times a day, wherein the feeding amount is 10% -15% of the weight of the fry at intervals of 2 hours every time, the breeding temperature is 6-8 ℃, the feeding amount is 5% -6% of the weight of the fry when the weight of the fry reaches 0.3g, the breeding temperature is 4-16 ℃, the feeding amount is 4 times a day, the interval of 3 hours every time, the feeding amount is 2% -3% of the weight of the fry when the weight of the fry reaches 3g, the feeding amount is 4% -6 hours every time, the feeding amount is 3% -4% of the weight of the fry every day, and continuously breeding until the weight of the fry reaches 8-10 g; in the second step, the fry weight is more than 0.3g, and the culture density is 4000-5000 tails/m3；
In the second step, the illumination intensity of the fry breeding water surface is 10-100 Lux, and the illumination time is less than 12 hours/day.
2. The method for rearing an offspring seeds of coregonus ussuriensis according to claim 1, wherein the hatching temperature of the fertilized eggs in the first step is 3 ℃.
3. The method for rearing an offspring seeds of coregonus ussuriensis according to claim 1, wherein the hatching temperature of the fertilized eggs in the first step is 4 ℃.
4. The method for raising offspring seeds of coregonus ussuriensis according to claim 1, wherein the first step is a step in which the horizontal trough is sterilized with 20ppm povidone-iodine and 800ppm formaldehyde.
5. The method for rearing coregonus ussuriensis fries according to claim 1, wherein the light intensity of the fry rearing water surface in the second step is 20 to 80 Lux.
6. A method for rearing Idall salmon seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feeding manner of the bait in the second step is: the feeding is carried out 6 times a day with an interval of 2 hours, the daily feeding amount is 13 percent of the weight of the larval fish, and the breeding temperature is 7 ℃.
7. The method for breeding the young coregonus ussuriensis according to claim 1, wherein the weight of the young coregonus ussuriensis is 0.3g, the breeding temperature is 5-10 ℃, the young coregonus ussuriensis is fed 4 times a day with 3 hours between each time, and the amount of the fed raw coregonus hosuensis fed per day is 5.5% of the weight of the young coregonus hosuensis.
8. The method for rearing an offspring seeds of coregonus ussuriensis according to claim 1,
the method is characterized in that the fairy shrimp hatching method in the step two comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking the artemia cysts to be unshelled in fresh water or seawater at the temperature of below 10 ℃ for 1-2 hours;
(2) preparing a shelling solution: preparing 980-2800 ml of shelling solution by using 270-772 ml of sodium hypochlorite, 10.5-30 g of sodium hydroxide and seawater for every 70-200 g of freeze-dried artemia cysts;
(3) shelling: draining the absorbed artemia cysts, putting the artemia cysts into a shelling solution, cooling the shelling solution filled with the artemia cysts to prevent the temperature from rising to more than 40 ℃, continuously stirring and inflating for 5-15 min, stopping stirring and inflating when the coffee egg shells are not visible and the orange eggs are formed, and finishing shelling;
(4) cleaning and residual chlorine removal: collecting shelled artemia cysts with a 100-mesh bolting silk, washing with clear water and seawater until no chlorine smell is detected to obtain artemia cysts, neutralizing residual chlorine in a solution diluted by 12.6-36 g of sodium thiosulfate for 1min, and finally washing with fresh water or seawater;
(5) hatching: and (3) putting the artemia cysts or artemia cysts treated in the step (4) into a artemia hatching barrel, and hatching the artemia under the condition that the salinity of seawater is 26-33 per mill.
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