CN107047166A - A kind of rice mechanical transplanting pot seedling method of raising seedling - Google Patents
A kind of rice mechanical transplanting pot seedling method of raising seedling Download PDFInfo
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- CN107047166A CN107047166A CN201710288230.6A CN201710288230A CN107047166A CN 107047166 A CN107047166 A CN 107047166A CN 201710288230 A CN201710288230 A CN 201710288230A CN 107047166 A CN107047166 A CN 107047166A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of rice mechanical transplanting pot seedling method of raising seedling, comprises the following steps：Seed is selected；Presoaking and germinating；Seedbed preparation；Sowing；Seedbed management；Play seedling fortune seedling；Field-transplanting.The present invention combines the advantage of traditional blanket machine transplanting of rice and seedling-throwing technology using rice mechanical transplanting pot seedling method of raising seedling, utilize batch production Nutritive cube sterilization processor and Full-automatic rice seedling planting streamline precision drilling, insulation management is educated by darkening processing shifting disk seedling pond drought, realize that the native bowl of band at the alms bowl disk precise incubation big length of time rice seedlings grow is strengthened seedling and educated, seedling age elasticity is big.The method of raising seedling saves seedbed, breeding, fertilizer, the process with water, recruitment and drought resisting, sterilization, and reduction seedling cost saves labour.In addition, the seedling quality that method of raising seedling of the present invention is obtained is high, i.e., emergence rate is high, and seedling body is healthy and strong, turns green living soon, carbon nitrogen content is higher, and rooting ability is stronger, so as to improve the per mu yield of follow-up paddy rice.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of raising seedling of paddy rice, belong to rice cultivation planting technical field.
Background technology
Paddy rice is one of long staple food crop of China's cultivation history.Rice is of high nutritive value, and palatability is good, easily
Digestion, is not only the main food of China, half population is also there are about in the world using rice as staple food.Paddy byproduct purposes is wide
General, its rice bran is both the concentrated feed of domestic animal, is also medical material；Husk can be used as the raw material of industry；Straw except make feed stripped and
Outside Edible Fungi raw material and organic fertilizer, or paper industry etc. raw material.The method of raising seedling of current paddy rice is a lot, but seedling
Seedling quality is not high, and cost is higher, and breeding utilization rate is low, and rice transplanting survival rate also can not be improved further, and type of rearing is improper, restriction
The raising of rice yield；In annual sowing season, Zong You small parts peasant household causes paddy rice to educate because seedling process operation is improper
The generation of the various pest and disease damages of the cur of paddy rice, rotten bud, and paddy rice, causes rice yield to significantly reduce, have impact on during seedling
The normal income of peasant.Therefore a kind of exploitation of new and effective paddy rice nursery method is necessary.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of rice mechanical transplanting pot seedling method of raising seedling, realize
The native bowl of the band at the alms bowl disk precise incubation big length of time rice seedlings grow strengthens seedling, and seedling age elasticity is big, can the accurate accurate orderly machine of the native pot seedling of seedling taking tether panel
Insert, turned green soon without hindering seedling and hindering rice shoot after root, the machine transplanting of rice, transplanting seedling time is short, root of hair low position tiller early, plant uniformly, miss in seedling setting rate is low
Paddy rice nursery method.
The content of the invention：In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of rice mechanical transplanting pot seedling
Method of raising seedling, including step is implemented as follows：
1) seed is selected：According to different crops for rotation, breediness and safe full heading date, selection is adapted to local rice region institute estovers
The rice paddy seed planted；
2) presoaking and germinating：The length of seed soaking time, different because of water temperature, water temperature is higher during late rice seed-soaking, and temperature is 30
~35 DEG C, soak 1~2 day, seed soaking will combine seed disinfection and carry out；Add that appropriate carbendazim, line bacterium are clear, bacterium worm is clear or applies during seed soaking
Protect gram seed soaking 1~2 day；
3) seedbed preparation：Made including rice seedling bed selection, nutritive soil preparation, the selection of seedling disk and seedling plate；
4) sow；
5) seedbed management：Including water management, chemical regulation and pre- disease prevention；
6) seedling fortune seedling is played：According to the length of time rice seedlings grow and progress is planted, when playing seedling and transplanting, accomplish with rising, with fortune, with cultivation；
7) field-transplanting：Calculating, the regulation of transplant depth of basic seedling amount are carried out during shoot transplanting equipment, and raising is planted
Other supplementary measures of quality.
Wherein, above-mentioned steps 1) in the kind of seed be：Correspondence middle and lower reach of Yangtze River rice region：Select Y two excellent 1, new two excellent 6
Number, excellent No. 1 of middle Zhejiang, interior 5 excellent 8015, excellent No. 8 of Luo, even round-grained rice 7 or the seed of the elegant kind of water 134；Correspondence South China rice region：Selection is special
Excellent 757, the seed of Tianyou998, Yuejingsimiao 2 or Tianyou 122 kind；Correspondence southwest rice region：Selection preferably fragrant excellent 211, F are excellent
498th, interior 5 excellent 39 or No. 28 kinds of Chu's round-grained rice seed；Correspondence north paddyfield：The imperial round-grained rice 25 of selection, logical standing grain 836, Shen Nong 9816 or peaceful
The seed of No. 43 kinds of round-grained rice.
Wherein, above-mentioned steps 2) basked seeds and elite seed before presoaking and germinating, shone 1~2 day before conventional rice sowing,
Hybrid rice seed airing is ventilated, elite seed after basking seeds, and conventional rice muddy water or mass ratio are 1：50~55 salt solution
Seed selection, hybrid rice seed goes not plump paddy after being soaked 1~2 hour with clear water；Selection specially selection plot in rice seedling bed is smooth, soil property is fertile
Easily faintly acid sand loam, as seedling field, seedling is stopped according to the ratio in rice seedling bed and crop field for fertile, fortune seedling convenience and irrigation and drainage
Field, conventional Rice is 1：45~50, hybrid paddy rice is 1：55~60, rice seedling bed must suitably plough hack of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, dry rice seedling bed soil in advance
It is required that acid adjustment, foster and apply fertilizer and disinfect, PH6.0~6.5.
Wherein, above-mentioned steps 3) in nutritive soil preparation be specially：Seedling Nutrition Soil is from 0~20 centimetre of topsoil aperture
4~6 millimeters of sieve, and covering agricultural film cures bed soil；Conventional Rice prepares enough 80 kilograms of bed soil of battalion, hybridization by mu area of field
Rice presses 60 kilograms；Strong 0.5 kilogram of seedling agent is admixed by every 100 kilograms of bed soils within 7~10 days before premature rice, mix that Nutrition Soil is made is standby thoroughly again
With each seedling disk soil loading amount is 1.5 kilograms or so.
Wherein, above-mentioned steps 3) seedling disk selection be：It is long 61.8cm × wide 31.5cm × high 2.5cm, often disk from specification
Opened with disk 35-40 in 448 holes, aperture 1.6cm seedling disk, every mu of crop field.
Wherein, above-mentioned steps 3) seedling plate is made as：Conventional rice seedling bed requires the water site preparation in the sky of sowing preceding 10, with thin horizontal site preparation
Table, no stubble, stalk and weeds etc., depth of mud reaches 5~8 centimetres, and field difference of height is no more than 3 centimetres, heavy real by 2 days
Draining afterwards is dried in the air field, and trench digging makees seedling plate, it is desirable to which plate face is smooth, according to alms bowl disk dimensions, and seedling plate is wide 1.6~1.8 meters, and lateral sulcus is wide
It is 0.3~0.4 meter, deep 0.2 meter or so, accomplish to fill, arrange separately, inside and outside ditch is supporting and repeatedly the upper whole field of water tests flat, and the discrepancy in elevation is no more than
1 centimetre.
Wherein, above-mentioned steps 4) the preceding strict debugging seeder of sowing, Precision Seeding is even to be broadcast, and nutrition subsoil thickness stablizes 2/3 in alms bowl
Hole depth, lid table soil thickness is no more than card, is advisable with loseing bud paddy, and every hole often disk application rate is determined because of variety type：It is conventional
Rice sows 3~5 per hole, it is ensured that per the seedling of hole 3~5；Hybrid paddy rice 3 or so, 2 seedlings are ensured per hole.
Wherein, above-mentioned steps 5) water management：1~3 leaf phase, the timely moisturizing less of fine day morning blade tip dew, after 3 leaf phases,
Leaf roll occurs for rice shoot in after dusk on same day moisturizing, 4 leaf phases, noting controlling water, to promote packing, transplants first 1 day, has moderately poured seedling
Water；Chemical regulation：Every 100 kilograms of soil is mixed into strong 0.5 kilogram of seedling agent, strictly controls consumption, fully mixes thoroughly, to prevent strong seedling agent wound
Seedling, 2 leaf phases, 4 grams of 15% paclobutrazol pulvis of every hundred seedling disks is watered and sprayed, uniform spray dew；Pre- disease prevention：Neat after seedling is sprayed
One time " fenaminosulf " 500 times of liquid, spray " transplanting spirit " diseases prevention and inspire to accomplish fluently to send before root, transplanting and transfer medicine after a week.
Wherein, above-mentioned steps 6) require the length of time rice seedlings grow 30~35 days, leaf age 4.5~5.5,15~20 centimetres of height of seedling, individual plant stem foot
It is wide 0.3~0.4 centimetre, average individual plant band tiller 0.3~0.5, individual plant white root 13~16, rooting ability 5~10, hundred plants are done
More than 8.0 grams are weighed, bowl weighs 5 grams.
Wherein, above-mentioned steps 7) in precisely determine crop field Basic Seedling：Precisely determine that crop field Basic Seedling is：Conventional Rice uses strain
Away from 12 centimetres, mu inserts 1.6~1.7 ten thousand caves, per cave 3~5 seedling, more than every mu of 60,000/mu of Basic Seedling, hybrid paddy rice using spacing in the rows 14~
16 centimetres, mu inserts 1.4~1.5 ten thousand caves, per the seedling of cave 2, every mu of Basic Seedling more than 30,000；It is accurate to control the transplant depth to be：Machine transplanting of rice rice is planted
Insert depth adjustment control and be conducive to high yield in 2.0 cms；Quality is planted in raising：Machine transplanting of rice rice crop field site preparation will accomplish field
Flat, full field difference of height is no more than 3 centimetres, the upper rotten lower reality of table soil.Heavy real, sandy soil heavy real 1 is needed after mud, leveling paddy field to prevent from stopping up
It or so, heavy real 1~2 day of loam, clay is heavy real 2~3 days, whne mud sediment, table soil is neither too hard, nor too soft, operation when do not fall into machine, protect
Thin water dispenser is held to insert
A kind of above-mentioned rice mechanical transplanting pot seedling method of raising seedling, specifically includes and step is implemented as follows：
Step 1, seed is selected：
According to different crops for rotation, breediness and safe full heading date, the rice seed of kind needed for selection is adapted to local rice region
Son；Different rice regions are corresponded to, the kind of selection seed is：Correspondence middle and lower reach of Yangtze River rice region：Select Y two excellent 1, new two excellent No. 6,
Middle excellent No. 1 of Zhejiang, Huaihe River rice No. 8, southern round-grained rice 46, even military fortune round-grained rice 23, round-grained rice 7 or the seed of the elegant kind of water 134；Correspondence South China rice region：
Select the seed of special excellent 757, Tianyou998, Yuejingsimiao 2 or Tianyou 122 kind；Correspondence southwest rice region：Selection is preferably fragrant excellent
211st, F excellent 498, interior 5 excellent 39 or No. 28 kinds of Chu's round-grained rice seed；Correspondence north paddyfield：The imperial round-grained rice 25 of selection, logical standing grain 836, Shen Nong
The seed of 9816 or peaceful No. 43 kinds of round-grained rice.
Step 2, presoaking and germinating：
Carry out bask seeds, choose seeds, soaking seed, disinfection, improve germination percentage, regularity, reduce seed in spite of illness；Bask seeds, often
Shone 1~2 day before advising rice sowing, hybrid rice seed airing ventilation；Elite seed, conventional rice muddy water or mass ratio
For 1：50 sort seed by salt water, and hybrid rice seed goes not plump paddy after being soaked 1~2 hour with clear water；Seed soaking, the length of seed soaking time, because
Water temperature and it is different, water temperature is higher (temperature be 30~35 DEG C) during late rice seed-soaking, typically soaks 1~2 day, and seed soaking will disappear with reference to seed
Poison is carried out, and adds that appropriate carbendazim, line bacterium are clear, bacterium worm is clear or P applied levels are soaked seed 1~2 day during seed soaking, can effectively prevent by
Bakanae disease, rice white tip etc. that seed rice is propagated, vernalization after seed soaking, vernalization, it is desirable to reach it is fast, neat, even, strong, i.e., vernalization 2~
3 days germination percentages more than 90%, bud paddy uniformity, radical bud is sturdy, bud color is bright in vain, one paddy of root length, half paddy of bud length, for list
During season late rice sowing, temperature is high, and bud paddy shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and germination accelerating method includes insulation germination hastening method and steam germination hastening method vernalization, protects
Warm germination hastening method is installed will to soak the seed sterilized with large bamboo or wicker basket or Fibre Bag, is placed in the space with warmer；
The steam germination hastening method will be soaked after the seed that sterilizes installs with large bamboo or wicker basket, and the steam-inflated plastic shroud on large bamboo or wicker basket outer cover leads 100 DEG C of vapor
Enter in steam-inflated plastic shroud；Semilate rice and late rice take the method presoaking and germinating of " three leachings three are revealed "；
Step 3, seedbed preparation：
(1) rice seedling bed is selected：Selection plot is smooth, soil property is fertile, transport seedling convenience and irrigation and drainage easily faintly acid sand loam
It is used as seedling field.Ratio according to rice seedling bed and crop field stops rice seedling bed, and conventional Rice is 1：50, hybrid paddy rice is 1：60.Rice seedling bed is necessary
Appropriate to plough hack of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up in advance, dry rice seedling bed soil requires acid adjustment, fosters and apply fertilizer and disinfect, PH6.0~6.5.
(2) nutritive soil preparation：Seedling Nutrition Soil can select sieve mistake of 0~20 centimetre of topsoil with 4~6 millimeters of aperture
Sieve, and covering agricultural film cures bed soil；Conventional Rice prepares enough 80 kilograms of bed soil of battalion by mu area of field, and hybrid paddy rice presses 60 kilograms；Falling
Strong 0.5 kilogram of seedling agent is admixed by every 100 kilograms of bed soils within 7~10 days before paddy, mix standby, the general each seedling disk that is made Nutrition Soil thoroughly again
Soil loading amount is 1.5 kilograms.Matrix seedling is such as selected, the matrix seedling species of current various regions application is more, can suit measures to local conditions to select
Prepare enough 80~100 kilograms of matrix in suitable type, general every mu of crop field.
(3) seedling disk is selected：It is long 61.8cm × wide 31.5cm × high 2.5cm, the often hole of disk 448, aperture 1.6cm from specification
Seedling disk, every mu of crop field is with disk 35-40.
(4) seedling plate makes：Conventional rice seedling bed requires the water site preparation in the sky of sowing preceding 10, with thin horizontal site preparation table, no stubble, stalk
With weeds etc., depth of mud reaches 5~8 centimetres, and field difference of height is no more than 3 centimetres, and draining is dried in the air field after 2 days heavy realities, is opened
Trench culture seedling plate, it is desirable to which plate face is smooth.According to alms bowl disk dimensions, seedling plate is wide 1.6 meters, and lateral sulcus is wide 0.3~0.4 meter, deep 0.2 meter,
Accomplish to fill, arrange separately, inside and outside ditch is supporting and repeatedly the upper whole field of water tests flat, and the discrepancy in elevation is no more than 1 centimetre.
Seedling greenhouse can select GLP832 types and connect an arch greenhouse (band sunshade net) or its modified as seedling factory building,
Greenhouse will carry out the work such as water flowing, energization, passway, smooth and compacting place when building.Seedling greenhouse thing length, it is long from south to north can
Needed according to production and actual conditions independent assortment, general 45~55 meters of thing length, 50~60 meters long from south to north, single greenhouse area
2000~2500 square metres, general 8 meters of greenhouse span, 4 meters of spacing, arch 1 meter of spacing, 3 meters of shoulder height, rise 4.8 meters, external sunshade net
It is high 5.4 meters.
Step 4, sow：
According to the principle of " would rather the seedling such as field, can not the field such as seedling ", reasonable arrangement date of seeding.Will according to rice transplanter operating efficiency and
Machine hand qualification, arranges rice transplanting progress properly, rationally sows in batches, it is ensured that batch batch rice shoot is of the right age to transplant.Strict debugging is broadcast before broadcasting
Kind of machine, Precision Seeding is even to be broadcast, and nutrition subsoil thickness stablizes 2/3 hole depth in alms bowl, and lid table soil thickness is no more than card, using lose bud paddy as
Preferably, every hole often disk application rate is determined because of variety type：Conventional Rice sows 3~5 per hole, it is ensured that per the seedling of hole 3~5；Hybrid paddy rice 3
Grain or so, 2 seedlings are ensured per hole.
Step 5, seedbed management：
(1) water management：1~3 leaf phase, the timely moisturizing less of fine day morning blade tip dew, after 3 leaf phases, leaf roll occurs for rice shoot
In after dusk on same day moisturizing, 4 leaf phases, noting controlling water, to promote packing, transplant first 1 day, moderately poured seedling water.
(2) chemical regulation：Every 100 kilograms of soil is mixed into strong 0.5 kilogram of seedling agent, strictly controls consumption, fully mixes thoroughly, to prevent strong
Seedling is hindered in seedling agent, 2 leaf phases, 4 grams of 15% paclobutrazol pulvis of every hundred seedling disks, is watered and is sprayed, uniform spray dew.
(3) pre- disease prevention：Neat after seedling sprays one time " fenaminosulf " 500 times of liquid, and " transplanting spirit " diseases prevention is sprayed after a week and is promoted
Accomplish fluently to send before root of hair, transplanting and transfer medicine.
Step 6, seedling fortune seedling is played：
(1) standard is transplanted：It is required that 30~35 days length of time rice seedlings grow, leaf age 4.5~5.5,15~20 centimetres of height of seedling, individual plant stem foot is wide
0.3~0.4 centimetre, average individual plant band tiller 0.3~0.5, individual plant white root 13~16, rooting ability 5~10, hundred plant dry weights
More than 8.0 grams, bowl weighs 5 grams or so.
(2) seedling program is started shipment：According to the length of time rice seedlings grow and progress is planted, when playing seedling and transplanting, accomplish with rising, with fortune, with cultivation.
Step 7, field-transplanting：
Calculating, the regulation of transplant depth of basic seedling amount are carried out during shoot transplanting equipment, and the other of quality are planted in raising
Supplementary measures.
(1) crop field Basic Seedling is precisely determined：Conventional Rice uses 12 centimetres of spacing in the rows, and mu inserts 1.68 ten thousand caves, per the seedling of cave 3~5, often
On mu 60,000/mu of Basic Seedling, hybrid paddy rice uses 14 centimetres of spacing in the rows, and mu inserts 1.44 ten thousand caves, per the seedling of cave 2, every mu of Basic Seedling 30,000 or so.
(2) transplant depth is accurately controlled：Plant too deep, living slow, and tiller is postponed, tillering node rise, and underground is saved
Between extend, colony's spike number wretched insufficiency；Planted shallow, and easily caused drift seedling.Practice have shown that, the regulation control of machine transplanting of rice rice transplant depth
Be conducive to high yield in 2.0 cms.
(3) improve and plant quality：Machine transplanting of rice rice crop field site preparation will accomplish Tian Ping, and full field difference of height is no more than on 3 centimetres, table soil
Rotten lower reality.Heavy real, heavy 1 day or so in fact of sandy soil is needed after mud, leveling paddy field to prevent from stopping up, loam is heavy real 1~2 day, clay heavy real 2
~3 days, whne mud sediment, table soil is neither too hard, nor too soft, operation when do not fall into machine, keep thin water dispenser to insert.Seeding row spacing is adjusted, makes to plant close
Degree meets the rational density requirement of design, adjusts seedling pawl seedling taking area, makes to plant cave seedling number and meets plan and plant seedling number, improves peace
Chain box quality is filled, loosens chaining, fore patch ground inserts deep rationally homogeneous.The field depth of water is suitable, and water layer is too deep, easily floats seedling, falls
Seedling, water layer is too simple and easy to be caused to hinder seedling, empty inserts.General water depth keeps 1~3cm, beneficial to cleaning seedling pawl, and does not float not empty
Insert, it is possible to decrease leakage cave rate, it is ensured that enough seedling numbers.Train machine hand, skilled operation.Walking specification, connects row accurately, reduces and leaks slotting,
The uniformity is improved, accomplishes not float seedling, the seedling that do not become silted up, seedling is not hooked, does not hinder seedling.
Beneficial effect：Compared to current raising rice seedlings technology, the present invention is combined using rice mechanical transplanting pot seedling method of raising seedling
Traditional blanket machine transplanting of rice and the advantage of seedling-throwing technology, utilize batch production Nutritive cube sterilization processor and Full-automatic rice seedling planting stream
Waterline precision drilling, insulation management is educated by darkening processing shifting disk seedling pond drought, realizes the native alms bowl of band at the alms bowl disk precise incubation big length of time rice seedlings grow
Body was strengthened seedling and educated, and seedling age elasticity is big, up to 30~35 days, can the accurately accurate machine transplanting of rice in order of the native pot seedling of seedling taking tether panel, hinder without seedling is hindered
Rice shoot is turned green soon after root, the machine transplanting of rice, and transplanting seedling time is short, root of hair low position tiller early, is planted uniformly, miss in seedling setting rate is low.The method of raising seedling can
The seedling in conventional rice seedling bed, also can in the seedling in greenhouse, can save seedbed, breeding, fertilizer, with water, recruitment and drought resisting,
The process of sterilization, greatly reduces seedling cost, has saved labour.In addition, the rice shoot element obtained using method of raising seedling of the present invention
Matter is high, i.e., emergence rate is high, and seedling body is healthy and strong, turns green living soon, carbon nitrogen content is higher, and rooting ability is stronger, so as to improve follow-up water
The per mu yield of rice.
Embodiment
According to following embodiments, the present invention may be better understood.However, as it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that real
Apply the content described by example and be merely to illustrate the present invention, without should be also without limitation on sheet described in detail in claims
Invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of rice mechanical transplanting industrial sprout cultivation method, specifically includes and step is implemented as follows：
Step 1, seed is selected：
According to different crops for rotation, breediness and safe full heading date, the rice seed of kind needed for selection is adapted to local rice region
Son；Different rice regions are corresponded to, the kind of selection seed is：Correspondence middle and lower reach of Yangtze River rice region：Select Y two excellent 1, two line system,
New two excellent No. 6, excellent No. 1 of middle Zhejiang, Huaihe River rice No. 8, southern round-grained rice 46, military fortune round-grained rice 23, even round-grained rice 7 or the seed of the elegant kind of water 134；Correspondence
South China rice region：Select the seed of special excellent 757, Tianyou998, Yuejingsimiao 2 or Tianyou 122 kind；Correspondence southwest rice region：Selection
Preferably fragrant excellent 211, F excellent 498, interior 5 excellent 39 or No. 28 kinds of Chu's round-grained rice seed；Correspondence north paddyfield：The imperial round-grained rice 25 of selection, logical standing grain 836,
The seed of No. 43 kinds of Shen Nong 9816 or peaceful round-grained rice.
Step 2, presoaking and germinating：
Carry out bask seeds, choose seeds, soaking seed, disinfection, improve germination percentage, regularity, reduce seed in spite of illness；Bask seeds, often
Shone 1~2 day before advising rice sowing, hybrid rice seed airing ventilation；Elite seed, conventional rice muddy water or mass ratio
For 1：50 sort seed by salt water, and hybrid rice seed goes not plump paddy after being soaked 1~2 hour with clear water；Seed soaking, the length of seed soaking time, because
Water temperature and it is different, water temperature is higher (temperature be 30~35 DEG C) during late rice seed-soaking, typically soaks 1~2 day, and seed soaking will disappear with reference to seed
Poison is carried out, and adds that appropriate carbendazim, line bacterium are clear, bacterium worm is clear or P applied levels are soaked seed 1~2 day during seed soaking, can effectively prevent by
Bakanae disease, rice white tip etc. that seed rice is propagated, vernalization after seed soaking, vernalization, it is desirable to reach it is fast, neat, even, strong, i.e., vernalization 2~
3 days germination percentages more than 90%, bud paddy uniformity, radical bud is sturdy, bud color is bright in vain, one paddy of root length, half paddy of bud length, for list
During season late rice sowing, temperature is high, and bud paddy shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and germination accelerating method includes insulation germination hastening method and steam germination hastening method vernalization, protects
Warm germination hastening method is installed will to soak the seed sterilized with large bamboo or wicker basket or Fibre Bag, is placed in the space with warmer；
The steam germination hastening method will be soaked after the seed that sterilizes installs with large bamboo or wicker basket, and the steam-inflated plastic shroud on large bamboo or wicker basket outer cover leads 100 DEG C of vapor
Enter in steam-inflated plastic shroud；Semilate rice and late rice take the method presoaking and germinating of " three leachings three are revealed "；
Step 3, seedbed preparation：
(1) rice seedling bed is selected：Selection plot is smooth, soil property is fertile, transport seedling convenience and irrigation and drainage easily faintly acid sand loam
It is used as seedling field.Ratio according to rice seedling bed and crop field stops rice seedling bed, and conventional Rice is 1：50, hybrid paddy rice is 1：60.Rice seedling bed is necessary
Appropriate to plough hack of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up in advance, dry rice seedling bed soil requires acid adjustment, fosters and apply fertilizer and disinfect, PH6.0~6.5.
(2) nutritive soil preparation：Seedling Nutrition Soil can select sieve mistake of 0~20 centimetre of topsoil with 4~6 millimeters of aperture
Sieve, and covering agricultural film cures bed soil；Conventional Rice prepares enough 80 kilograms of bed soil of battalion by mu area of field, and hybrid paddy rice presses 60 kilograms；Falling
Strong 0.5 kilogram of seedling agent is admixed by every 100 kilograms of bed soils within 7~10 days before paddy, mix standby, the general each seedling disk that is made Nutrition Soil thoroughly again
Soil loading amount is 1.5 kilograms.Matrix seedling is such as selected, the matrix seedling species of current various regions application is more, can suit measures to local conditions to select
Prepare enough 80~100 kilograms of matrix in suitable type, general every mu of crop field.
(3) seedling disk is selected：It is long 61.8cm × wide 31.5cm × high 2.5cm, the often hole of disk 448, aperture 1.6cm from specification
Seedling disk, every mu of crop field is with disk 35-40.
(4) seedling plate makes：Conventional rice seedling bed requires the water site preparation in the sky of sowing preceding 10, with thin horizontal site preparation table, no stubble, stalk
With weeds etc., depth of mud reaches 5~8 centimetres, and field difference of height is no more than 3 centimetres, and draining is dried in the air field after 2 days heavy realities, is opened
Trench culture seedling plate, it is desirable to which plate face is smooth.According to alms bowl disk dimensions, seedling plate is wide 1.6 meters, and lateral sulcus is wide 0.3~0.4 meter, deep 0.2 meter,
Accomplish to fill, arrange separately, inside and outside ditch is supporting and repeatedly the upper whole field of water tests flat, and the discrepancy in elevation is no more than 1 centimetre.
Seedling greenhouse can select GLP832 types and connect an arch greenhouse (band sunshade net) or its modified as seedling factory building,
Greenhouse will carry out the work such as water flowing, energization, passway, smooth and compacting place when building.Seedling greenhouse thing length, it is long from south to north can
Needed according to production and actual conditions independent assortment, general 45~55 meters of thing length, 50~60 meters long from south to north, single greenhouse area
2000~2500 square metres, general 8 meters of greenhouse span, 4 meters of spacing, arch 1 meter of spacing, 3 meters of shoulder height, rise 4.8 meters, external sunshade net
It is high 5.4 meters.
Step 4, sow：
According to the principle of " would rather the seedling such as field, can not the field such as seedling ", reasonable arrangement date of seeding.Will according to rice transplanter operating efficiency and
Machine hand qualification, arranges rice transplanting progress properly, rationally sows in batches, it is ensured that batch batch rice shoot is of the right age to transplant.Strict debugging is broadcast before broadcasting
Kind of machine, Precision Seeding is even to be broadcast, and nutrition subsoil thickness stablizes 2/3 hole depth in alms bowl, and lid table soil thickness is no more than card, using lose bud paddy as
Preferably, every hole often disk application rate is determined because of variety type：Conventional Rice sows 3~5 per hole, it is ensured that per the seedling of hole 3~5；Hybrid paddy rice 3
Grain or so, 2 seedlings are ensured per hole.
Step 5, seedbed management：
(1) water management：1~3 leaf phase, the timely moisturizing less of fine day morning blade tip dew, after 3 leaf phases, leaf roll occurs for rice shoot
In after dusk on same day moisturizing, 4 leaf phases, noting controlling water, to promote packing, transplant first 1 day, moderately poured seedling water.
(2) chemical regulation：Every 100 kilograms of soil is mixed into strong 0.5 kilogram of seedling agent, strictly controls consumption, fully mixes thoroughly, to prevent strong
Seedling is hindered in seedling agent, 2 leaf phases, 4 grams of 15% paclobutrazol pulvis of every hundred seedling disks, is watered and is sprayed, uniform spray dew.
(3) pre- disease prevention：Neat after seedling sprays one time " fenaminosulf " 500 times of liquid, and " transplanting spirit " diseases prevention is sprayed after a week and is promoted
Accomplish fluently to send before root of hair, transplanting and transfer medicine.
Step 6, seedling fortune seedling is played：
(1) standard is transplanted：It is required that 30~35 days length of time rice seedlings grow, leaf age 4.5~5.5,15~20 centimetres of height of seedling, individual plant stem foot is wide
0.3~0.4 centimetre, average individual plant band tiller 0.3~0.5, individual plant white root 13~16, rooting ability 5~10, hundred plant dry weights
More than 8.0 grams, bowl weighs 5 grams or so.
(2) seedling program is started shipment：According to the length of time rice seedlings grow and progress is planted, when playing seedling and transplanting, accomplish with rising, with fortune, with cultivation.
Step 7, field-transplanting：
Calculating, the regulation of transplant depth of basic seedling amount are carried out during shoot transplanting equipment, and the other of quality are planted in raising
Supplementary measures.
(1) crop field Basic Seedling is precisely determined：Conventional Rice uses 12 centimetres of spacing in the rows, and mu inserts 1.68 ten thousand caves, per the seedling of cave 3~5, often
On mu 60,000/mu of Basic Seedling, hybrid paddy rice uses 14 centimetres of spacing in the rows, and mu inserts 1.44 ten thousand caves, per the seedling of cave 2, every mu of Basic Seedling 30,000 or so.
(2) transplant depth is accurately controlled：Plant too deep, living slow, and tiller is postponed, tillering node rise, and underground is saved
Between extend, colony's spike number wretched insufficiency；Planted shallow, and easily caused drift seedling.Practice have shown that, the regulation control of machine transplanting of rice rice transplant depth
Be conducive to high yield in 2.0 cms.
(3) improve and plant quality：Machine transplanting of rice rice crop field site preparation will accomplish Tian Ping, and full field difference of height is no more than on 3 centimetres, table soil
Rotten lower reality.Heavy real, heavy 1 day or so in fact of sandy soil is needed after mud, leveling paddy field to prevent from stopping up, loam is heavy real 1~2 day, clay heavy real 2
~3 days, whne mud sediment, table soil is neither too hard, nor too soft, operation when do not fall into machine, keep thin water dispenser to insert.Seeding row spacing is adjusted, makes to plant close
Degree meets the rational density requirement of design, adjusts seedling pawl seedling taking area, makes to plant cave seedling number and meets plan and plant seedling number, improves peace
Chain box quality is filled, loosens chaining, fore patch ground inserts deep rationally homogeneous.The field depth of water is suitable, and water layer is too deep, easily floats seedling, falls
Seedling, water layer is too simple and easy to be caused to hinder seedling, empty inserts.General water depth keeps 1~3cm, beneficial to cleaning seedling pawl, and does not float not empty
Insert, it is possible to decrease leakage cave rate, it is ensured that enough seedling numbers.Train machine hand, skilled operation.Walking specification, connects row accurately, reduces and leaks slotting,
The uniformity is improved, accomplishes not float seedling, the seedling that do not become silted up, seedling is not hooked, does not hinder seedling.
Embodiment 2
All steps of the present embodiment are same as Example 1, and difference is that the present embodiment rice varieties are hybrid paddy rice
Two line system, is 1 with muddy water or mass ratio：55 sort seed by salt water.
Embodiment 3
All steps of the present embodiment are same as Example 1, and difference is that the rice varieties of the present embodiment are conventional
Rice force fortune round-grained rice 23, is 1 with muddy water or mass ratio：55 sort seed by salt water.
Comparative example 1：
All steps of this comparative example are same as Example 1, and difference is that seedling raising method is seedling in fertile and dry seedbed seedling.(fertilizer
Bed dry rice seedling just refers to fertile, deep, loose, on the nonirrigated farmland seedbed of " spongy ", prevent water layer flood irrigation, using pouring in right amount
The method of water cultivates the seedling raising method of rice seedling.)
Comparative example 2：
All steps of this comparative example are same as Example 1, and difference is that Rice Production uses water direct seeding technology.
Experimental example 1：Experimental plot nursery effect checking
Taken on Jiangsu Hongchehu Lake farm within 2016 with a collection of same kind rice paddy seed (the excellent training of Huaihe River rice No. 8, hybrid paddy rice two
9th, conventional Rice force fortune round-grained rice 23) carry out seedling experiment, be set to control group (Huaihe River rice No. 8), 1 group of embodiment (Huaihe River rice No. 8),
2 groups of embodiment (hybrid paddy rice two line system) and 3 groups of embodiment (conventional Rice force fortune round-grained rice 23), control group is educated using conventional moistening
Seedling method carries out seedling, and the embodiment of the present invention 1,2 is respectively adopted for 3 groups of 1 group of embodiment, 2 groups of embodiment and embodiment and 3 methods are entered
Row nursery, is managed after transplanting using identical method, after planting 30 investigates paddy rice leaf age, height of seedling, individual plant white root, individual plant band tiller
Number and hundred plant dry weights.As a result it see the table below 1.Every mu of spike number of paddy rice, number of grain per ear, setting percentage, mass of 1000 kernel and reality are investigated during harvest
Yield.As a result 2. be see the table below
The each group paddy rice leaf age of table 1, height of seedling, individual plant white root, individual plant band tiller number and hundred plant dry weights
The every mu of spike number of each group paddy rice of table 2, number of grain per ear, setting percentage, mass of 1000 kernel and actual production
It can be obtained by upper table result, compared to conventional water-raised seedling technology, the white root of machine transplanting of rice pot seedling method of raising seedling individual plant of the present invention
Number, individual plant band tiller number and hundred plant dry weights are significantly improved, and rooting ability is strong, while after gained rice transplanting, number of grain per ear, setting percentage,
Mass of 1000 kernel and actual production are also dramatically increased.
In addition, paddy rice seedling body is healthy and strong obtained by the inventive method, living is turned green soon, carbon nitrogen content is higher, and rooting ability is stronger.From
And seedbed, breeding, fertilizer, the process with water, recruitment and drought resisting, sterilization are saved, seedling cost is greatly reduced, is saved
Labour.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of rice mechanical transplanting pot seedling method of raising seedling, it is characterised in that including step is implemented as follows：
1）Seed is selected：According to different crops for rotation, breediness and safe full heading date, kind needed for selection is adapted to local rice region
Rice paddy seed；
2）Presoaking and germinating：The length of seed soaking time, different because of water temperature, water temperature is higher during late rice seed-soaking, and temperature is 30~35
DEG C, soak 1~2 day, seed soaking will combine seed disinfection and carry out；Add that appropriate carbendazim, line bacterium be clear, bacterium worm is clear or P applied levels during seed soaking
Seed soaking 1~2 day；
3）Seedbed preparation：Made including rice seedling bed selection, nutritive soil preparation, the selection of seedling disk and seedling plate；
4）Sowing；
5）Seedbed management：Including water management, chemical regulation and pre- disease prevention；
6）Play seedling fortune seedling：According to the length of time rice seedlings grow and progress is planted, when playing seedling and transplanting, accomplish with rising, with fortune, with cultivation；
7）Field-transplanting：Calculating, the regulation of transplant depth of basic seedling amount are carried out during shoot transplanting equipment, and quality is planted in raising
Other supplementary measures.
2. a kind of rice mechanical transplanting pot seedling method of raising seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 1）Middle seed
Kind be：Correspondence middle and lower reach of Yangtze River rice region：Select Y two excellent 1, new two excellent No. 6, excellent No. 1 of middle Zhejiang, Huaihe River rice No. 8, southern round-grained rice 46,
Force fortune round-grained rice 23, even round-grained rice 7 or the seed of the elegant kind of water 134；Correspondence South China rice region：Selection special excellent 757, Tianyou998, the brilliant silk in Guangdong
The seed of seedling 2 or Tianyou 122 kind；Correspondence southwest rice region：Selection preferably fragrant excellent 211, F excellent 498, interior 5 excellent 39 or Chu's round-grained rice 28
The seed of kind；Correspondence north paddyfield：The imperial round-grained rice 25 of selection, logical standing grain 836, the seed of No. 43 kinds of Shen Nong 9816 or peaceful round-grained rice.
3. a kind of rice mechanical transplanting pot seedling method of raising seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 2）Seed soaking is urged
Basked seeds and elite seed, shone 1~2 day before conventional rice sowing before bud, hybrid rice seed airing ventilation is smart after basking seeds
Seed selection, conventional rice muddy water or mass ratio are 1：50~55 sort seed by salt water, and hybrid rice seed soaks 1~2 with clear water
Not plump paddy is gone after hour；Rice seedling bed selection is specially that selection plot is smooth, soil property is fertile, fortune seedling is convenient and irrigation and drainage easily faintly acid sand
Matter loam stops rice seedling bed as seedling field according to the ratio in rice seedling bed and crop field, and conventional Rice is 1：45~50, hybrid paddy rice is 1：55
~60, rice seedling bed must suitably plough hack of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up in advance, and dry rice seedling bed soil requires acid adjustment, fosters and apply fertilizer and disinfect, PH6.0~6.5.
4. a kind of rice mechanical transplanting pot seedling method of raising seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 3）Middle nutrition
Soil is prepared：Seedling Nutrition Soil covers agriculture from the sieve of 0~20 centimetre of topsoil with 4~6 millimeters of aperture
Film cures bed soil；Conventional Rice prepares enough 80 kilograms of bed soil of battalion by mu area of field, and hybrid paddy rice presses 60 kilograms；7~10 before premature rice
It admixes strong 0.5 kilogram of seedling agent by every 100 kilograms of bed soils again, mixes that to be made Nutrition Soil standby thoroughly, and each seedling disk soil loading amount is 1.5
Kilogram.
5. a kind of rice mechanical transplanting pot seedling method of raising seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 3）Seedling disk is selected
It is selected as：It is long 61.8cm × wide 31.5cm × high 2.5cm, the often hole of disk 448, aperture 1.6cm seedling disk, every mu of crop field from specification
Opened with disk 35-40.
6. a kind of rice mechanical transplanting pot seedling method of raising seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 3）Seedling plate system
As：Conventional rice seedling bed requires the water site preparation in the sky of sowing preceding 10, and with thin horizontal site preparation table, no stubble, stalk and weeds etc., mud is deep
Degree reaches 5~8 centimetres, and field difference of height is no more than 3 centimetres, and draining is dried in the air field after 2 days heavy realities, and trench digging makees seedling plate, it is desirable to plate
Face is smooth, according to alms bowl disk dimensions, and seedling plate is wide 1.6~1.8 meters, and lateral sulcus is wide 0.3~0.4 meter, deep 0.2 meter, accomplishes to fill, arranges and divide
Open, inside and outside ditch is supporting and repeatedly the upper whole field of water tests flat, and the discrepancy in elevation is no more than 1 centimetre.
7. a kind of rice mechanical transplanting pot seedling method of raising seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 4）Before sowing
Strict debugging seeder, Precision Seeding is even to be broadcast, and nutrition subsoil thickness stablizes 2/3 hole depth in alms bowl, and lid table soil thickness is no more than card, with not
See that bud paddy is advisable, every hole often disk application rate is determined because of variety type：Conventional Rice sows 3~5 per hole, it is ensured that per hole 3~5
Seedling；Hybrid paddy rice 3 or so, 2 seedlings are ensured per hole.
8. a kind of rice mechanical transplanting pot seedling method of raising seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 5）Moisture pipe
Reason：1~3 leaf phase, the timely moisturizing less of fine day morning blade tip dew, after 3 leaf phases, leaf roll occurs for rice shoot in the moisturizing of dusk on the same day, 4 leaves
After phase, note controlling water, to promote packing, transplant first 1 day, moderately poured seedling water；Chemical regulation：Every 100 kilograms of soil is mixed into strong seedling
0.5 kilogram of agent, strictly controls consumption, fully mixes thoroughly, and seedling is hindered to prevent strong seedling agent, 2 leaf phases, and every hundred seedling disks are with 15% paclobutrazol powder
4 grams of agent, is watered and sprays, uniform spray dew；Pre- disease prevention：Neat after seedling sprays one time " fenaminosulf " 500 times of liquid, is sprayed after a week
" transplanting spirit " diseases prevention inspires to accomplish fluently to send before root, transplanting and transfers medicine.
9. a kind of rice mechanical transplanting pot seedling method of raising seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 6）It is required that seedling
30~35 days ages, leaf age 4.5~5.5,15~20 centimetres of height of seedling, individual plant stem foot is wide 0.3~0.4 centimetre, average individual plant band tiller 0.3
~0.5, individual plant white root 13~16, rooting ability 5~10, hundred more than 8.0 grams of plant dry weights, bowl weighs 5 grams.
10. a kind of rice mechanical transplanting pot seedling method of raising seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 7）Middle essence
Accurately determine crop field Basic Seedling：Precisely determine that crop field Basic Seedling is：Conventional Rice uses 12 centimetres of spacing in the rows, and mu inserts 1.6~1.7 ten thousand caves,
Per the seedling of cave 3~5, more than every mu of 60,000/mu of Basic Seedling, hybrid paddy rice uses 14~16 centimetres of spacing in the rows, and mu inserts 1.4~1.5 ten thousand caves, often
The seedling of cave 2, every mu of Basic Seedling more than 30,000；It is accurate to control the transplant depth to be：The regulation control of machine transplanting of rice rice transplant depth is on 2.0 centimetres of left sides
The right side is conducive to high yield；Quality is planted in raising：Machine transplanting of rice rice crop field site preparation will accomplish Tian Ping, and full field difference of height is no more than 3 centimetres, table
Rotten lower reality on soil, needs heavy real, heavy 1 day or so in fact of sandy soil, loam is heavy real 1~2 day, clay to prevent from stopping up after mud, leveling paddy field
Heavy real 2~3 days, whne mud sediment, table soil is neither too hard, nor too soft, operation when do not fall into machine, keep thin water dispenser to insert.
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| CN107494091A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2017-12-22 | 汉中市农业技术推广中心 | Cultivate the method for raising seedling for strengthening seedling at the machine-transplanted rice overlength length of time rice seedlings grow in a kind of wheat-rice rotation area |
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| CN107494091A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2017-12-22 | 汉中市农业技术推广中心 | Cultivate the method for raising seedling for strengthening seedling at the machine-transplanted rice overlength length of time rice seedlings grow in a kind of wheat-rice rotation area |
| CN107667802A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-02-09 | 舒城县文禾种植专业合作社 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of the high single cropping rice blanket seedling machine transplanting of rice of per mu yield |
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| CN109874620A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-06-14 | 扬州大学 | A kind of rice seedling plugged in by machine phase accurate water management method |
| CN110050652A (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2019-07-26 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of hybrid paddy rice Low seeding rate precision drilling seedling strong sprout is at blanket method |
| CN110352819A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-10-22 | 江西省农业科学院农业工程研究所 | A kind of big bowl body blanket seedling method of raising seedling of machine transplanting of rice early rice |
| CN110352819B (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2021-10-08 | 江西省农业科学院农业工程研究所 | Method for raising seedlings of large bowl blanket seedlings of mechanically-transplanted early rice |
| CN111837845A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-10-30 | 中国水稻研究所 | Method for improving uniformity of rice mechanical transplanting group |
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Application publication date: 20170818 |