CN104885836B - Single this dense planting machine transplanting of rice cultural method of hybrid rice - Google Patents
Single this dense planting machine transplanting of rice cultural method of hybrid rice Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method of single this dense planting machine transplanting of rice cultivation of hybrid rice, the hybrid rice seeds that do not germinate are removed by photoelectric colour sorter, make percentage of seedgermination >=98% of sowing, monoseeding seedling is positioned using manual seeder or printing seeder, then with rice transplanter high density list this transplanting seedling.Its density of transplants is the cave of every mu of double cropping of rice 2.4~2.5 ten thousand, every mu 1.8~2.0 ten thousand cave of season rice, field management is carried out using high yield control measures after turning green.The present invention can save seed costs, cultivate strong seedling, can significantly increase production, improve the comprehensive benefit of Rice Cropping.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, is to be related to a kind of method of hybrid rice machine transplanting of rice cultivation.
Background technology
Hybrid rice is by genetically having a different from two, while their merit and can is complementary
Rice varieties, hybridized, the first generation cenospecies with hybrid vigour produced.Because hybrid rice effect of increasing production is bright
Aobvious, China was widely applied hybrid rice since 1976, achieved preferable achievement.Since the 1990s, I
State's hybrid rice cultivated area accounts for the national rice gross area more than 50%.The plantation of hybrid rice large area is to solve China's grain certainly
Major contribution is made that to problem.70~nineties of 20th century, based on hybrid rice planting patterns is transplanted with artificial breeding, plantation
Labor intensity it is big, production cost is high, and comparative effectiveness is low.After 21 century, due to rural laborer to cities and towns shift, artificial labor
The rigidity increase of dynamic cost, hybrid rice planting patterns there occurs some changes, employ it is a variety of using reduce labor cost as
The cultural method of purpose, plate seedling raising throwing-seedling cultivation, direct sowing culture are such as moulded, although these method labor intensity have been alleviated, used
The problem of work is more, cost is high, benefit is low are still without being fully solved.In recent years, the raising with mechanization degree and production scale
Expansion, machine transplanting of rice cultural method permitted because having the characteristics that labor intensity is low, production efficiency is high and of increased attention
More scientific workers have carried out some research in terms of hybrid rice machine transplanting of rice cultivation, achieve some achievements.But using current
Machine transplanting of rice cultural method plantation hybrid rice there is the shortcomings that sowing quantity is big, production cost is high, and the shortcoming turned into restrict it is miscellaneous
Hand over a bottleneck of rice development.A kind of machine transplanting of rice cultural method is studied, the yield potentiality of hybrid rice can be played, and can is reduced
Sowing quantity, production cost is reduced, the popularization and application to hybrid rice have great importance.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of single this dense planting machine transplanting of rice cultural method of hybrid rice, there is significant high yield, height
The characteristics of effect, abridged edition.
The present invention provides a kind of hybrid rice single this dense planting machine transplanting of rice cultural method, and its content of the invention is to cultivate individual plant to strengthen seedling,
In seedling, using this single seedling, strong seedling is cultivated, then its hybrid rice seeds germination percentage >=95% carries out the machine transplanting of rice with rice transplanter,
Density of transplants is the cave of every mu of double cropping of rice 2.4~2.5 ten thousand, every mu 1.8~2.0 ten thousand cave of season rice.It is preferred that hybridize water with bud rate occurred frequently
Rice, ablastous seed is removed by photoelectric colour sorter after presoaking and germinating.Determined using manual seeder or printing seeding device
Position monoseeding seedling, per one rice paddy seed of bunch planting；Then rice transplanter high density is used（2.4~2.5 ten thousand caves, one season every mu of rice
1.8~2.0 ten thousand caves）Single this transplanting seedling, field management is carried out after turning green using high yield control measures.Its major technique foundation
It is：1. after removing ablastous seed using photoelectric colour sorter, ensure the percentage of seedgermination of sowing more than 98%, and then make to insert
Seedling leakage root and stem of certain plants rate control is below 5%；Germination percentage is high, in seedling, can occur vacancy on seedling disk less, during rice transplanting, then can improve unit
Effective strain rate of area.2. using positioning monoseeding, i.e., per one seed of bunch planting, seed dosage can be significantly saved, with kind
Amount is about every mu of 500~700g/, is 1/2 or so, 1/3 or so of rice transplanting application rate of traditional hand rice transplanting application rate, the existing machine transplanting of rice
1/6 or so of seedling application rate；It is cost-effective, and be advantageous to cultivate strong seedling, extend seedling age；3. using this cultivation of high density list
Insert, be advantageous to play the production-increasing function of small root and stem of certain plants dense planting, reduce the generation of banded sclerotial blight.The expense 4. traditional hand rice transplanting increase density is taken a lot of work
Power, planting culture is easily realized using transplanting.
Single this dense planting machine transplanting of rice cultural method of hybrid rice includes selecting bud rate hybrid rice seeds occurred frequently, positions monoseeding
Seedling, this machine transplanting of rice of high density list, high yield field management measure etc..It walks to gather：（1）Seed is selected and processing.From high germination
Rate hybrid rice seeds, the seed of selection is coated with paddy rice seed coating agent, to control seedling stage diseases and pests and promote seedling
Neat robust seedling, ablastous seed is removed by photoelectric colour sorter after presoaking and germinating.（2）Sowing and seedling.It is soaked to turn over rice seedling bed, seedling
Smooth preceding granular compound fertilizer of the every mu of administration containing effective ingredient 45% of bed（N:P2O5:K2O =15:15:15）40~45 kg, seedling bed
After smooth, required according to seedling, seedling-cultivation plate is placed on seedling bed, longitudinally put transplanting by line-spacing 25cm on each seedling bed and educate
The row of seedling disk 5, or the row of 30cm line-spacings transplanting tray 4.Before sowing 1~2 day by seedling ditch mud sabot, stone in mud is removed in sabot
Head and debris.Sowing seeder or printing seeder sowing by hand, when seeder is sowed by hand, chitting piece is positioned single
Grain is seeded in the seedling disk for having loaded mud；When being sowed with printing seeder, chitting piece is positioned into monoseeding on reed paper,
Seed is fixed with amylan, then will broadcast the reed paper planted and be laid on the seedling disk for having loaded mud, pays attention to being adjacent to mud.Go out
After seedling keeps seedling disk moistening to promote root growth.For late-seaon rice, during because of sowing, temperature is low, need to be to ensure seedling effect
After planting arch membrane covering and heat insulating seedling.（3）The rice shoot machine transplanting of rice.15~20 days length of time rice seedlings grow or the leaf of leaf age 2.9~3.3, use high-speed transplanter
Superficial soil is planted, and double cropping of rice plants about 2.4~2.5 ten thousand caves, one season every mu of rice plant about 1.8~2.0 ten thousand caves, per the seedling of cave 1.（4）
Rich water quality management is prevented and treated with disease pest and weed.With reference to granular compound fertilizer of the every mu of administration of site preparation containing effective ingredient 45%（N:P2O5:K2O =
15:15:15）25~35 kg make base manure.Machine-transplanted rice keeps ground moistening before turning green, 2~3 days shallow irrigations after turning green, every mu
Using the kg of urea 5~7, the kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 makees tillering fertilizer, in combination with apply herbicide management of weeds, using barnyard grass as
Main rice field, every mu of butachlor ec of use 60% or the 60% new ml of Machete missible oil 70~75, mix wet 10 kilograms of fine earth and uniformly spread
Apply, or with the ml of 50% Benthiocarb 300, to water, 30 kilograms spray；Raw rice field is mixed with barnyard grass, nutgrass flatsedge and broadleaved herb, often
Mu is with 25~30 grams of 35% benzyl chloride wettable powder, and to water, 30 kilograms uniformly spray, or with 50% standing grain benzyl wettable powder 130~
150 kilograms, to water, 30 kilograms spray in period of seedling establishment.When colony's seedling number reaches expected number of productive ear, open field or dry field 7~10
My god, using shallow irrigation to florescence after rehydration, 25 days before heading, or in every mu of the 3 leaf phase kg of urea 6~8 is applied,
The kg of potassium chloride 5~7 makees ear manuer, while pays attention to the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；Heading Post flowering uses Dry-wet alternate irrigation, while pays attention to disease
Pest control, cut off the water supply within 7 days before maturation, prepare harvesting rice.（5）Mechanical harvesting.Using the low stake of rice harvester（≤30 cm）
Harvesting, straw is crushed during harvesting, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in rice field.
Single this dense planting machine transplanting of rice cultural method of hybrid rice, include seed select with processing, in particular for passing through photoelectricity
Color selector removes ablastous hybrid rice seeds, it is possible to reduce the empty seedling phenomenon occurred on seedling-cultivation plate, in rice transplanting, reduces and inserts
Empty root and stem of certain plants phenomenon during seedling；Processing can be coated to seed, utilizes the fertilizer and agricultural chemicals in coating agent, it is possible to reduce seedling stage disease
Insect pest and the strong seedling of cultivation；Sowing and seedling, carry out positioning monoseeding, mud is educated using manual seeder or printing seeder
Seedling, rice shoot are sized for the machine transplanting of rice；Seedling growing, using this rice transplanting of rice transplanter progress high density list, Planting Densities are according to kind
Type determines；Field management, mainly including fertilizer application, water management, pest and disease damage prevention and control of weeds etc..
The present invention is advantageous to hybrid rice and obtains high yield, reduces labor intensity, it is possibility to have reduces hybrid rice kind in effect ground
Sub- dosage, hybrid seed and production cost are saved, cultivate strong seedling, improve rice yield, so as to improve the economic effect of Rice Cropping
Benefit.
Embodiment
With reference to example, the invention will be further described, and following embodiments are only used for the description of the invention, not
Limit the invention.
Embodiment has carried out hybrid early this dense planting of list machine transplanting of rice for 1 2014 years in Liuyang City Yongan town and has cultivated 30 mu of demonstrations.
Kind is hybrid early kind strain two excellent 819, is coated using Prochloraz paddy rice seed coating agent, after capsuled seed is soaked 3 days
Rinse well, the vernalization under heat-retaining condition（Broken chest）, after removing ablastous seed using photoelectric colour sorter, sow germination
Rate reaches 98.5%.It is soaked to turn over rice seedling bed, smooth preceding granular compound fertilizer of the every mu of administration containing effective ingredient 45% of seedling bed（N:P2O5:
K2O =15:15:15）40 kg, after seedling bed is smooth, 4 plastic removal material seedling disks are put on each seedling bed.Before sowing 2 days by seedling ditch mud
Sabot, stone and debris in mud are removed in sabot.March 28 was sowed, and the seed for having urged bud is positioned into simple grain with seeder
Sowing（Seedling disk long side direction often arranges 34, and short side direction often arranges 16, and often disk broadcasts 544 altogether）To the seedling disk that mud is housed（It is long
× wide × height=58cm × 23cm × 2.5cm）, after planting arch membrane covering and heat insulating seedling, keep seedling disk moistening to promote root system after emergence
Growth.Crop field combines granular compound fertilizer of the every mu of administration of site preparation containing effective ingredient 45%（N:P2O5:K2O =15:15:15）35kg makees
Base manure.On or so April 26~27, the leaf of seedling leaf 3.1~3.3, using green unrestrained board high-speed transplanter rice transplanting, every mu is planted about
2.43 ten thousand caves（25 cm×11 cm）, per the seedling of cave 1.Ground moistening period of seedling establishment is kept after rice transplanting（May 1）, 2 days shallow waters after turning green
Irrigate, every mu is applied the kg of urea 5, and the kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 makees tillering fertilizer, and every mu anti-divided by barnyard grass is with 60% butylamine missible oil
Main weeds, mix the wet kg of fine earth 10 and uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields；Started May 10 continuous open field after 8 days the cm of rehydration about 15 it is deep, May 27
Every mu of 100 milliliters of 5% jinggangmeisu of use, 100 milliliters of 20% Hostathion, the g of 25% pymetrozine 30, it is withered that preventing and treating line is sprayed to the kg of water 50
The pest and disease damages such as disease, striped rice borer, planthopper；Every mu of May 28 applies the kg of urea 6, and the kg of potassium chloride 5 makees ear manuer.Heading Post flowering
Using intermittent irrigation, June 15 100 milliliters of 5% jinggangmeisu of every mu of use, 100 milliliters of 20% Hostathion, 20% Buprofezin 25~30
Gram 30 g, are sprayed to the kg of water 50, the pest and disease damage such as preventing and treating banded sclerotial blight, striped rice borer, planthopper.Field, July 13 are examined in draining on July 7
Use the low stake harvesting of green unrestrained rice harvester day, the kg of average yield per mu 538.3, every mu of 82 yuan of seed of saving cultivated than the local machine transplanting of rice,
Increase the kg of paddy 10.5, abridged edition increases income 110.3 yuan.
2 2014 years Nan County of embodiment San Xianhu towns have carried out Hybrid Rice this dense planting of list machine transplanting of rice and have cultivated 60 mu of demonstrations.Kind
For Hybrid Rice kind five excellent 308, it is coated, is rinsed after capsuled seed is soaked 2 days dry using Prochloraz paddy rice seed coating agent
Only, the vernalization under heat-retaining condition（Broken chest）, after removing ablastous seed using photoelectric colour sorter, sowing percentage of seedgermination reaches
99.3%.It is soaked to turn over rice seedling bed, smooth preceding granular compound fertilizer of the every mu of administration containing effective ingredient 45% of seedling bed（N:P2O5:K2O =15:
15:15）45kg, after seedling bed is smooth, 4 plastic removal material seedling disks are put on each seedling bed.Before sowing 2 days by seedling ditch mud sabot, filling
Stone and debris in mud are removed during disk.May 31 was sowed, and the seed for having urged bud is positioned into monoseeding with seeder（Seedling disk
Long side direction often arranges 34, and short side direction often arranges 16, and often disk broadcasts 544 altogether）To the seedling disk that mud is housed（Length × width × height=
58cm×23cm×2.5cm）, keep seedling disk moistening to promote root growth after emergence.June 19~20, using green unrestrained board at a high speed
Rice transplanting transplanting, every mu is planted about 1.91 ten thousand caves（25 cm×14 cm）, per the seedling of cave 1.Ground moistening period of seedling establishment is kept after rice transplanting
（June 24~26）, 2 days shallow irrigations after turning green, every mu is applied the kg of urea 5, and the kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 makees tillering fertilizer, often
Mu prevents and kill off the main weeds such as barnyard grass with 60% butylamine missible oil, mixes the wet kg of fine earth 10 and uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields；June 20 started continuous open field 7
Cm of rehydration about 10 is deep after it, July 4 100 milliliters of 5% jinggangmeisu of every mu of use, 100 milliliters of 20% Hostathion, 25% pymetrozine 30
G, the pest and disease damages such as preventing and treating banded sclerotial blight, striped rice borer, planthopper are sprayed to the kg of water 50；Every mu of June 28 applies the kg of urea 6, chlorination
The kg of potassium 5 makees ear manuer.Heading Post flowering uses intermittent irrigation, August 100 milliliters of 5% jinggangmeisu of every mu of use, 20% Hostathion on the 2nd
100 milliliters, 20% Buprofezin, 25~30 gram of 30 g, are sprayed to the kg of water 50, the pest and disease damage such as preventing and treating banded sclerotial blight, striped rice borer, planthopper.
Field is examined in August draining on the 24th, September uses the low stake harvesting of green unrestrained rice harvester, the kg of average yield per mu 582.3, than local machine on the 30th
Every mu of 70 yuan of seed of saving of training is planted, increases the kg of paddy 30.8, abridged edition increases income 153 yuan.
Embodiment has carried out late hybrid rice this dense planting of list machine transplanting of rice for 4 2014 years in decorated archway township of Anren County and has cultivated 100 mu of demonstrations.
Kind is late hybrid rice kind victory Thailand excellent 9712（Germination percentage 97%）.It is coated using Prochloraz paddy rice seed coating agent, by pelleted seed
Son immersion is rinsed well after 2 days, the vernalization under heat-retaining condition（Broken chest）, after removing ablastous seed using photoelectric colour sorter,
Sowing percentage of seedgermination reaches 99.5%, is sowed with printing seeder, by seedling disk long side direction often arranges 34, short side direction often arranges
16, by placing of seed monoseeding on reed paper, seed is fixed with amylan.It is soaked to turn over rice seedling bed, before seedling bed is smooth often
Mu applies the granular compound fertilizer containing effective ingredient 45%（N:P2O5:K2O =15:15:15）40 kg, after seedling bed is smooth, each seedling bed
Upper correspondence puts two plastic removal material seedling disks.Before sowing 2 days by seedling ditch mud sabot, stone and debris in mud are removed in sabot.6
Months 28 days sow, will will broadcast the reed paper planted and be laid on the seedling disk for having loaded mud, pay attention to being adjacent to mud, protected after emergence
Hold seedling disk moistening and promote root growth.July 15~17 applied foreign horse board high-speed transplanter rice transplanting, and every mu is planted about 2.43 ten thousand caves
（25 cm×11 cm）, per the seedling of cave 1.Ground moistening period of seedling establishment is kept after rice transplanting（July 17~19）, 2 days shallow waters fill after turning green
Irrigate, every mu is applied the kg of urea 5, and the kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 makees tillering fertilizer, and every mu with 60% butylamine missible oil to mix the wet kg of fine earth 10 equal
It is even to spread fertilizer over the fields, the weeds based on anti-divided by barnyard grass；Started May 20 continuous open field after 7 days the cm of rehydration about 10 it is deep, every mu of August 17 days
With 100 milliliters of 5% jinggangmeisu, 100 milliliters of 20% Hostathion, the g of 25% pymetrozine 30, preventing and treating banded sclerotial blight, two are sprayed to the kg of water 50
Change the pest and disease damages such as snout moth's larva, planthopper；August every mu of the administration kg of urea 6, the kg of potassium chloride 5 on the 18th make ear manuer.Between Post flowering of earing uses
Have a rest irrigation, September 100 milliliters of 5% jinggangmeisu of every mu of use on the 15th, 100 milliliters of 20% Hostathion, 25~30 gram 30 of 20% Buprofezin
G, the kg of water 50 is sprayed, the pest and disease damage such as preventing and treating banded sclerotial blight, striped rice borer, planthopper.Field is examined in September draining on the 27th, was adopted October 13
Gathered in the low stake of green unrestrained rice harvester, the kg of average yield per mu 528.3, cultivate 89 yuan every mu than the local machine transplanting of rice, increase paddy 26.5
Kg, abridged edition increase income 160.4 yuan.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. single this dense planting machine transplanting of rice cultural method of hybrid rice, it is characterised in that：Prior to seeding with paddy rice seed coating agent bag Clothing, rinsed well after capsuled seed is soaked 2 days or 3 days, the vernalization under heat-retaining condition, after vernalization；Gone using photoelectric colour sorter Except the hybrid rice seeds that do not germinate, make percentage of seedgermination >=98% of sowing；Sowed using printing seeder, chitting piece is determined Position simple grain sows a seed per acupuncture point on reed paper, and seed is fixed with amylan, then will broadcast the reed paper planted and be laid in Load on the seedling-cultivation plate of mud, cultivated individual plant and strengthen seedling；Density of transplants is the cave of every mu of double cropping of rice 2.4~2.5 ten thousand, one season every mu of rice 1.8~2.0 ten thousand caves.
- A kind of 2. single this dense planting machine transplanting of rice cultural method of hybrid rice according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described water Rice coating agent is Prochloraz paddy rice seed coating agent.
- A kind of 3. single this dense planting machine transplanting of rice cultural method of hybrid rice according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described training Educate individual plant and strengthen seedling, including prior to seeding 2 days by seedling disk mud sabot, the reed paper planted will be broadcast be laid in and loaded educating for mud On seedling disk, pay attention to being adjacent to mud, seedling disk moistening is kept after emergence, promotes root growth.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510371156.5A CN104885836B (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2015-06-30 | Single this dense planting machine transplanting of rice cultural method of hybrid rice |
| PCT/CN2016/087668 WO2017000884A1 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2016-06-29 | Hybrid rice seedling mechanized transplantation and cultivation method with high hill density and single seedling per hill |
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| CN201510371156.5A CN104885836B (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2015-06-30 | Single this dense planting machine transplanting of rice cultural method of hybrid rice |
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| CN104885836A CN104885836A (en) | 2015-09-09 |
| CN104885836B true CN104885836B (en) | 2018-02-27 |
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| CN104885836B (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2018-02-27 | 湖南农业大学 | Single this dense planting machine transplanting of rice cultural method of hybrid rice |
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2015
- 2015-06-30 CN CN201510371156.5A patent/CN104885836B/en active Active
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2016
- 2016-06-29 WO PCT/CN2016/087668 patent/WO2017000884A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104335860A (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2015-02-11 | 华中农业大学 | High-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology for drily direct-seeding rice |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| "超级稻稻种定向播种的原理研究";张斌等;《浙江理工大学学报》;20080731(第4期);第454-456页 * |
| 低氮密植栽培对超级稻产量和氮素利用率的影响;谢小兵等;《作物学报》;20150605(第10期);第1591-1602页 * |
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| WO2017000884A1 (en) | 2017-01-05 |
| CN104885836A (en) | 2015-09-09 |
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