CN103959956B - A kind of paddy rice soilless breeding seeding method and application - Google Patents
A kind of paddy rice soilless breeding seeding method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN103959956B CN103959956B CN201410211815.4A CN201410211815A CN103959956B CN 103959956 B CN103959956 B CN 103959956B CN 201410211815 A CN201410211815 A CN 201410211815A CN 103959956 B CN103959956 B CN 103959956B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to rice mechanical transplanting seedling-cultivation technique field, relate to paddy rice soilless breeding seeding method and application.Paddy rice soilless breeding seeding method comprises the steps: that seedbed prepares; Seedling medium prepares; Sow seed rice; Overlay film; Rice shoot manages; Play seedling fortune seedling.The present invention is with rice husk and non-woven fabrics for water volume seedling seedling medium, and application mill water culture nutrient solution carries out rice shoot cultivation, substantially increases fertilizer utilization efficiency, and seedling growth is healthy and strong, and elasticity is larger; The rice shoot volume length of cultivating reaches 3-6m's, and its quality is only 1/5 of traditional seedling block, alleviates the input of manpower in seedling block handling process, machinery.Meanwhile, because seedling rolls up long 3-6m, in machine transplanting of rice Honda process, effectively decrease rice transplanter and shut down the number of times mending seedling, make Honda machine transplanting of rice efficiency have lifting by a relatively large margin.The present invention is easy and simple to handle, saving of work and time, easily realizes batch production, intensive, scale seedling.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rice mechanical transplanting seedling-cultivation technique field, relate to paddy rice soilless breeding seeding method and application.
Background technology
Paddy rice is one of most important cereal crops in the world, and world's population over half take rice as staple food.China is eating rice production state maximum in the world and country of consumption, and the sowing area of paddy rice is comparatively large, and in world's Rice Cropping, occupy the second, gross yield occupies first place in the world.In recent years, due to the quickening of Re-search on Urbanization process and industry restructuring paces, Rice Production mode is changed to Development Tendency of Bowl-rear Transplanting Mechanization mode fast.
The application of rice mechanization transplantation technique, the main impact by two factors, one is rice transplanter performance and operation thereof, and another is exactly the cultivation that suitable rice mechanical transplanting strengthens seedling; And instantly, riding type high-speed transplanter inserts frequency can reach 13.3 times/second, 800 beats/min, revoliving arm rotating speed 6.6 revolutions per seconds, 400 revs/min, rice transplanter operating rate is highly improved, and the unmanned high-accuracy water rice transplanter that meanwhile researcher adopts Psudo-carrier phase DGPS (also referred to as RTKGPS) technology and optical fibre gyro (FOG) sensor to develop also has been born, rice transplanter has developed into a very high level; The cultivation of rice shoot becomes the key factor instantly restricting rice mechanization transplanting development.
At present, the paddy rice nursery method of mechanization transplanting mainly comprises floppy disk seedling, two film seedling and hard disk seedling, correlation technique is all ripe, tentatively can cultivate the strong seedling that suitable for mechanization is transplanted, compare traditional-handwork seedling transplanting and improve labor productivity by a relatively large margin, alleviate the labour intensity of Rice Production, decrease labour to drop into, reduce production cost, add output and income, improve paddy rice integrated production capacity.
But, existing raising rice seedlings mode is all for seedling medium relies on seedling dish to carry out seedling with soil or new medium, and the wide * length of traditional seedling-cultivation plate * with a high standard is 0.03m × 0.28m × 0.58m, all there are some potential problems in which, main manifestations is: the seedling dish that (1) is equipped with soil has about 6kg quality, even if Novel sprout cultivation matrix also has 4-5kg, seedling soil prepares time-consuming work consuming; (2) unit are needs seedling dish number many, and must carry seedling dish repeatedly from being seeded into plant, farm is larger, and the labour that carrying is spent is more; (3) rice transplanter will constantly shut down benefit seedling, and operating efficiency is lower; (4) traditional native seedling utilization rate of fertilizer is low, and the fertile workload of bed earth culture is large, and seedling age elasticity is less.(5) because hybrid rice sowing quantity is less, cause the corresponding minimizing of rice seedling bed seeding quantity, affect Honda machine transplanting of rice quality and ultimate output.
Therefore, how to provide a kind of rice planting technology method of raising seedling, the earth adopted with abandoning tradition method of raising seedling, cultivate into the rice shoot volume that length is longer, to improve machine transplanting of rice efficiency, to reduce manpower and materials input, obtain high yield is the current technical issues that need to address of those skilled in the art simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
For solving problems of the prior art, the invention using rice husk and non-woven fabrics as rice breeding medium, in this, as basis, propose a kind of Novel rice method of raising seedling, improve production efficiency, decrease production cost, the performance of paddy rice quality is good.
The invention provides a kind of method of paddy rice soilless breeding seeding, comprise the steps:
(1) seedbed prepares: seedbed is arranged in seedling greenhouse, cleans seedling greenhouse, seedbed; Evenly spray seedling greenhouse with bactericide, sterilization is carried out in seedbed, ensure in seedling greenhouse without damage by disease and insect;
(2) seedling medium prepares: be laid in seedling-cultivation plate by the rice husk after de-rough, be evenly laid on rice husk with non-woven fabrics, ensure between non-woven fabrics and rice husk seamless, non-woven fabrics all covers rice husk; Utilize raising rice seedlings spraying system to spray water to seedbed, rice husk natural sedimentation, non-woven fabrics and rice husk are attached together;
(3) sow seed rice: by seed rice uniform broadcasting on non-woven fabrics, spray moisture, make water layer thickness reach the 1/3-1/2 of seed rice thickness; Seed rice average thickness is 0.32mm.
(4) overlay film: after planting, adopts non-textile mulch nursery to ensure that seed rice grows normally;
(5) rice shoot management: seed rice after planting to 2 leaf 1 heart stage running water sprays pouring rice shoot, with nutrient solution circulation pouring rice shoot from 2 leaf 1 heart stages; After planting take root vertical seedling to rice shoot to start to take off the in good time hardening of film; Before shoot transplanting equipment, use to send to rice shoot according to seedling growth situation and transfer fertilizer;
(6) play seedling fortune seedling: as rice shoot 3 leaf 1 heart stage, plant height 12-15cm, volume seedling makes rectangular rice shoot block become rice shoot to roll up, and transports seedling rice transplanting afterwards.
The method of paddy rice soilless breeding seeding provided by the invention, as preferably, selects seed rice using salt solution as seed selection liquid before sowing seed rice, the proportion japonica rice of seed selection liquid is equal to or greater than 1.10, long-grained nonglutinous rice is equal to or greater than 1.06, fully eluriates in time or rinses paddy, removed by salinity clean after seed selection; Wherein, the compound method preparation traditionally of the proportion standard of salt solution: proportion be 1.10 seed selection liquid Fresh Egg floatingly wherein expose the large area of about 2 coin-dividings, often add 20 grams of salt in 1 premium on currency, the proportion of the aqueous solution improves 0.01, can by this proportions seed selection liquid.
The method of paddy rice soilless breeding seeding provided by the invention, as preferably, soaks seed to seed rice before sowing seed rice, japonica rice seed soaking 80 is subsisted, and long-grained nonglutinous rice 60 is subsisted, to ensure that seed rice suctions moisture, its standard is that husk is transparent, and grain of rice white belly is visible, and the grain of rice easily fractures and without sound.
The method of paddy rice soilless breeding seeding provided by the invention, as preferably, carry out vernalization 30 and subsist, ensure that germination vigor reaches more than 85% before sowing seed rice to seed rice, rice sprout, root growth neat and consistent, young shoot is sturdy, and color is in vain fresh, and smell delicate fragrance, without vinosity.
The method of paddy rice soilless breeding seeding provided by the invention, as preferably, in seedling medium, rice husk thickness is 1cm.
The method of paddy rice soilless breeding seeding provided by the invention, as preferably, in breeding medium, non-woven fabrics adopts density to be 20g/m
2spin glutinous non-woven fabrics; In coating process, the non-woven fabrics of employing is that white spins glutinous or melt spraying non-woven fabrics, and density is 40g/m
2.
The method of paddy rice soilless breeding seeding provided by the invention, as preferably, keeps temperature of shed 28-35 DEG C, relative moisture more than 90% in rice shoot management, guarantees that seed rice founds pin one and bangs and together, namely make seed rice germinate at one time as far as possible simultaneously.
The method of the paddy rice soilless breeding seeding that the present invention is above-mentioned, before shoot transplanting equipment, use to send to rice shoot and transfer fertile standard and be: leaf look takes off light de-power seedling, 4 ~ 4.5 kilograms, mu urea dissolves in mill water culture nutrient solution 500 kilograms and waters in evenly to spray at dusk or sprinkle, and spills a clear water in case fertilizer damage burns seedling after executing; Leaf look normal, leaf is tall and straight and do not drape over one's shoulders down seedling, and 1 ~ 1.5 kilogram, mu urea dissolves in mill water culture nutrient solution 100 ~ 150 kilograms and carries out root outer spraying; Leaf look dark green and drape over one's shoulders seedling under blade, is sure not fertilising, should controls water to improve seedling matter.
The paddy rice soilless breeding seeding method that the present invention is above-mentioned, as preferably, in step (1) the seedbed preparatory stage, using fenaminosulf, { sodium p (dimethylamino) benzenediazo sulfonate} is watered and evenly sprays seedling greenhouse as bactericide, sterilization is carried out in seedbed prior to seeding; Be watered wiring solution-forming as agriculture chemicals fungicide by the mould spirit of evil (hymexazol), utilize the raising rice seedlings circulatory system to circulate; Wherein, the consumption of fenaminosulf is that 70% fenaminosulf 1.5 grams is watered 1.5 kilograms; The consumption of disliking mould spirit is that the aqua 20g of active ingredient 15% is watered 20-30kg.
The present invention also provides this paddy rice soilless breeding seeding method in the application of paddy rice without native machine transplanting of rice field.
The method of paddy rice soilless breeding seeding provided by the invention, step 1) in evenly spraying seedling greenhouse with bactericide, seedbed is watered wiring solution-forming with agriculture chemicals fungicide after carrying out sterilization again, water circulation system is utilized to circulate, use clear water afterwards again instead to circulate, ensure in seedling greenhouse without damage by disease and insect; Step 2) in be evenly laid in after on rice husk at non-woven fabrics, utilize raising rice seedlings spraying system to spray water to seedbed; Step 5) in, seed rice after planting to 2 leaf 1 heart stage running water adopts raising rice seedlings spraying system to spray pouring rice shoot, from 2 leaf 1 heart stages, water rice shoot with nutrient solution by water pump circulation.
Wherein, seedling-cultivation plate is formed by PVC material processing and fabricating, and long is 3-6m, and support with support, compared with conventional hard, bottom does not have permeable air-vent, utilizes spraying apparatus and the capable rice shoot pouring of water spirt
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1. the present invention has abandoned earth or the matrix of traditional seedling employing completely, paddy rice rice husk and non-woven fabric (Nonwoven cloth) is utilized to be raising rice seedlings medium, wherein rice husk wide material sources, cheap, and without the need to reprocessing, utilize rice husk and non-woven fabrics as new raising rice seedlings medium, thoroughly solve nursery to fetch earth vegetation destruction and the difficult problem that fetches earth, decrease and fetch earth, sieve soil, acid adjustment, mix fertilizer, mix the production process such as medicine, storage, greatly reduce the input of the manpower and materials such as the preparation of seedling medium in large-scale production, processing; In addition, because rice shoot volume unit weight is comparatively light, be convenient to transport, little to rice transplanter load, thus mechanical wear is light, rice transplanting speed is fast.
2. the rice shoot volume length utilizing the present invention to cultivate reaches 3-6m, is 6-10 times of conventional seedling block (0.58m), but its quality is only 1/5 of conventional nutrient soil seedling block, alleviates the input of manpower in seedling block handling process, machinery.Meanwhile, because seedling rolls up long 3-6m, in machine transplanting of rice Honda process, effectively decrease rice transplanter and shut down the number of times mending seedling, make Honda machine transplanting of rice efficiency have lifting by a relatively large margin;
3. the present invention adopts mill water culture nutrient solution to spray, circulate pouring rice shoot, increase the artificial ability of regulation and control to seedling growth, simultaneously owing to adopting this patent to carry out seedling cultivation, running water pouring is adopted early stage at seedling growth, adopt nutrient solution to utilize water pump to circulate to the later stage and water cultivation rice shoot, substantially increase fertilizer utilization efficiency, seedling growth is healthy and strong, and elasticity is larger.
4. adopt the present invention to cultivate rice shoot, seedling quality and conventional nutrient soil seedling quality maintain an equal level, and even have superiority; Seedling is the same has the potentiality obtaining high yield for ultimate output and conventional nutrient soil.In addition, because the present invention is easy and simple to handle, be convenient to batch production, specialized seedling, effectively can promote the development of rice planting technology industry.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: the method step of paddy rice soilless breeding seeding
Fig. 2: adopt military fortune No. 24, round-grained rice as the rice shoot growing way of sowing seed rice in embodiment 1
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described, and the experimental technique of unreceipted actual conditions in the following example, usually according to the known approaches of this area.
Embodiment 1
1 test site: test and carry out at Agricultural University Of Nanjing's Danyang Experimental Base (32 ° of 00 ' N, 119 ° of 32 ' E, 7m asl) in 2012-2013.
2 seed treatment
2.1. choose seeds: seed quality should meet GB4404.1 regulation, adopts the commercial seed of standard: military fortune No. 24, round-grained rice (japonica rice).Carry out before seed soaking basking seeds, taking off awns, Screening Treatment, adopt proportion be 1.10 salt solution as seed selection liquid carry out seed screening, the specific practice of seed selection liquid is: traditionally compound method preparation, proportion be 1.10 seed selection liquid Fresh Egg floatingly wherein expose the large area of about 2 coin-dividings, 20 grams of salt are often added in 1 premium on currency, the proportion of the aqueous solution improves 0.01, can by this proportions seed selection liquid.The proportion of seed selection liquid can be greater than 1.10, and the area that namely egg spills in salt solution can be greater than the area of 2 coin-dividings.Must fully eluriate in time or rinse after seed selection, salinity be removed clean.
2.2 germination tests: paddy seeds germination rate requires more than 90%, and germination vigor is more than 85%.
2.3 Medicament soaked seed: select " making hectogram (carbosulfan) " 1 (2 milliliters of meterings) to add " Imidacloprid (Imidacloprid) " 10 grams during seed soaking and be watered 6 kilograms of leachings, 5 kilograms of seeds.Seed soaking time length should be determined with temperature, and the japonica rice adopted as the present embodiment need be soaked seed and 80 to be subsisted, and the time is about 3 days, ensures that seed rice suctions moisture, and standard is that husk is transparent, and grain of rice white belly is visible, and the grain of rice easily fractures and without sound.
2.4 vernalization: vernalization requires rice shoot " fast, neat, even, strong "." soon " refers to and has urged bud at short notice, raising rice seedlings of the present invention is owing to have selected rice husk and the non-woven fabrics medium as seedling growth, so it is the major issue affecting finishing operations and the machine transplanting of rice that the dish of rice shoot root system and non-woven fabrics is tied, thus in the present invention raising rice seedlings time rice shoot germination time should not be excessively of a specified duration, general vernalization 30 is subsisted, and the time is about 1 day; " together " refers to and requires that germination vigor reaches more than 85%; " even " refers to Fructus Oryzae Germinatus, root growth neat and consistent; " strengthen " and refer to that young shoot is sturdy, root is long, the long ratio of bud is suitable, color is in vain fresh, and smell delicate fragrance, without vinosity.The main process sprouted according to seed growth and feature, vernalization can be divided into high temperature to break chest, thermophilic vernalization and airing refining 3 stages of bud.
3 seedbeds prepare: raising rice seedlings is seedling in the facility plastic greenhouse subenvironment of relative closure, if indoor once susceptible, can rapid spread, thus before sowing for the sterilization of the equipment such as indoor, seedbed, seedling-cultivation plate show most important.It is general that within several days, with 70% fenaminosulf, { sodium p (dimethylamino) benzenediazo sulfonate}1.5 gram is watered 1.5 kilograms prior to seeding, evenly spray indoor with diseases prevention sterilization, must clean out clean and tidy in addition in booth, prevent the parasite such as damage by disease and insect parasitic; In addition, by the mould spirit of evil (hymexazo1), what the present invention adopted is aqua, and active ingredient is that 15%, 20g is watered 20kg wiring solution-forming, utilizes raising rice seedlings water circulation system to circulate afterwards, uses clear water afterwards again instead and circulates.
4 seedling media prepare: first by de-rough after rice husk be evenly laid in the seedling-cultivation plate be placed on seedbed, ensure that rice husk is even, thickness is 1cm, and tile 20g/m afterwards
2spin glutinous non-woven fabrics, ensure that non-woven fabrics is evenly laid on rice husk, seamless between the two, rice husk is all capped, and utilizes spraying system to spray water to seedbed afterwards, makes rice husk natural sedimentation, and non-woven fabrics and rice husk are attached together, and can within one day, prepare prior to seeding.
5 sow seed rice: quantitatively, uniformly broadcast sowing (craft or sower) on non-woven fabrics by having urged the seed rice of bud, spray moisture afterwards, moisture should not too much can not be very few, makes water layer thickness be that 1/2 of seed rice thickness is advisable, seed rice average thickness is 0.32mm, and the water yield is measured with this; Main cause is that the skewness of seed rice on breeding medium can be assembled and then be caused to excess moisture seed rice automatically, and hypohydration can make seed rice cannot normal absorption enough moisture and ensure germinating growth.
6 overlay films: after planting, adopt white 40g/m
2spin glutinous non-textile mulch nursery; If facility plastic greenhouse is comparatively strong for the degree of control of the factor such as temperature and humidity, after planting then can cover, after planting by growing normally the regulation and control of the factors such as indoor temperature and humidity also adjustable seed rice.
7 rice shoot management:
7.1 hot and humid short neat seedlings: through the seed rice of vernalization, after planting need hot and humidly just can emerge neat through a period of time, therefore should take to heat moist keeping measures, guarantee the neat seedling of safety.Keep temperature of shed 28-35 DEG C, relative moisture more than 90%, guarantee vertical pin one Hong and neat, namely seed rice at the same time between evenly germinate.
7.2 ventilation hardenings: be seeded into and be generally the canopy film sealing stage when seed rice founds pin, based on heat and moisture preserving, to only have when temperature in the shed is more than 35 DEG C that just can to open two, seedbed noon aeration-cooling, capping in time subsequently; Vertical pin to leaf one heart stage secondary root ramp is extended, and root system starts interleaved discs knot, and therefore wet based on temperature adjustment control, temperature in the shed should remain on about 25 DEG C, and it is aeration-cooling to open two when exceeding in time, in case excessive growth; From 1 leaf 1 heart to 2 leaf 1 hearts, this, temperature of shed was 25 ~ 30 DEG C in period, and the too high hardening of will ventilating of temperature, in case excessive growth.Hardening of lowering the temperature when temperature is on the low side can strengthen rice shoot adaptability.General fine day film internal and external temperature close to time, temperature more than 15 DEG C, just can take off film ventilation hardening; When daily mean temperature stable by 14 DEG C time, lower temp. and humidity in canopy gradually, make temp. and humidity in canopy before transplanting gradually close to outside climatic condition.
7.3 moisture and nutrient management: seed rice after planting to 2 leaf 1 heart stage running water adopts spraying system to spray pouring rice shoot, water rice shoot with nutrient solution by water pump circulation from 2 leaf 1 heart stages; Before shoot transplanting equipment, use to send to rice shoot according to seedling growth situation and transfer fertilizer, concrete fertilization time should use according to machine transplanting of rice progress in batches, generally within 3-4 days before transplanting, carries out, and fertilizer application amount and application process should depending on seedling looks:
7.3.1 leaf look takes off light de-power seedling, 4 kilograms, mu urea dissolves in mill water culture nutrient solution 500 kilograms and waters at dusk evenly to spray or sprinkle, and spills a clear water in case fertilizer damage burns seedling after executing;
7.3.2 leaf look normal, leaf is tall and straight and do not drape over one's shoulders down seedling, and 1 kilogram, mu urea dissolves in mill water culture nutrient solution double centner and carries out root outer spraying;
7.3.3 leaf look dark green is and drape over one's shoulders seedling under blade, is sure not fertilising, should controls water to improve seedling matter.
Wherein, the nutrient solution announced in patent application 201110457967.9 taken from by nutrient solution, fills a prescription as follows: the component of often liter of nutrient solution mother liquor: H
3bO
3284.4mgL
-1, CuSO
45H
2o 7.5mgL
-1, ZnSO
47H
2o 23mgL
-1, MnCl
2.4H
2o 178.1mgL
-1, Na
2moO
4.2H
2o 2.4mgL
-1, Na2SiO
39H
2o 19.21gL
-1, Fe-EDTA 7.5gL
-1, KCl 7.46gL
-1, CaCl
27.71gL
-1, MgSO
4.7H
2o 6.61gL
-1, KH2PO
42.72gL
-1, NH
4nO
317.15gL
-1, all the other are water.
7.3.3 leaf look dark green is and drape over one's shoulders seedling under blade, is sure not fertilising, and the control water that should ventilate is to improve seedling quality.
8 seedling fortune seedlings:
8.1 qualities of seedlings: require that seedling is neat, evenly, without damage by disease and insect, nothing pounds strain weeds, stem foot is slightly flat, root growth is vigorous, can coil and form block, mention and do not fall apart.
8.2 seedling fortune seedlings: as rice shoot 3 leaf 1 heart stage, plant height 12-15cm, adopt manual volume rice shoot to become rice shoot to roll up, transport seedling rice transplanting afterwards.
Fig. 2 adopts military fortune No. 24, round-grained rice as the rice shoot growing way figure of sowing seed rice in the present embodiment.
Embodiment 2
1. test site: test and carry out at Agricultural University Of Nanjing's Danyang Experimental Base (32 ° of 00 ' N, 119 ° of 32 ' E, 7m asl) in 2012-2013.
2. rice varieties is selected: seed quality should meet GB4404.1 regulation, conventional japonica rice force fortune No. 24, round-grained rice, thousand kernel weight 27g; Indica Hybrid Rice 6 liang excellent 9368, thousand kernel weight 28g.
3, experimental scheme
Raising rice seedlings is with 20g/m
2it is seedling medium that white spins glutinous non-woven fabrics+1cm rice husk, be labeled as LMSH group (long mat seedling raised by hydroponics), contrast with conventional nutrient soil as seedling medium, be labeled as CK group (conventional mat seeding raised in soil), military fortune No. 24, round-grained rice and 6 liang of excellent 9368 amounts of broadcasting are with conventional seedling-cultivation plate size 0.28m × 0.58m metering, all sow 120g/ dish, 70g/ dish separately respectively, 1 dish is broadcast in raising rice seedlings process, seedling-cultivation plate size is 0.28m × 4m, repeats 3 times; Nutrition Soil seedling 10 is coiled.
It is 9m × 12m that Honda cultivates every plot area, test repetition 3 times.
4. process of the test
4.1 seed treatment: seed to carry out before seed soaking bask seeds, the work such as Tuo Mang and germination test, screen for seeds choosing method adopts saline solution to select as seed selection liquid, specific practice is: the proportion japonica rice of seed selection liquid is equal to or greater than 1.10, and long-grained nonglutinous rice is equal to or greater than 1.06.With sorting seed by salt water, proportion be 1.10 seed selection liquid Fresh Egg floatingly wherein expose the large area of about 2 coin-dividings, being formulated as in 1 premium on currency of liquid of seed selection often adds 20 grams of salt, and the proportion of the aqueous solution improves 0.01, can by this proportions seed selection liquid.Must fully eluriate in time or rinse after seed selection, salinity be removed clean.
4.2 germination tests: paddy seeds germination rate requires more than 90%, and germination vigor is more than 85%.
4.3 Medicament soaked seed: " making hectogram (carbosulfan) " 1 (being 2 milliliters of meterings) can be selected during seed soaking to add " Imidacloprid " (Imidacloprid) 10 grams and be watered 7 kilograms of leachings, 5 kilograms of seeds.Seed soaking time length should be determined with temperature, and general japonica rice need be soaked seed and 80 to be subsisted, and the time is about 3 days; Long-grained nonglutinous rice 60 is subsisted, and the time is about 2 days, ensures that seed rice suctions moisture, and its standard is that husk is transparent, and grain of rice white belly is visible, and the grain of rice easily fractures and without sound.
4.4 vernalization: vernalization requires rice shoot " fast, neat, even, strong "." soon " refers to and has urged bud at short notice, paddy rice nursery method provided by the invention, owing to have selected rice husk and the non-woven fabrics medium as seedling growth, so it is the major issue affecting finishing operations and the machine transplanting of rice that the dish of rice shoot root system and non-woven fabrics is tied, thus when raising rice seedlings, rice shoot germination time should not be excessively of a specified duration, general vernalization 30 is subsisted, and the time is about 1 day; " together " refers to and requires that germination vigor reaches more than 85%; " even " refers to seed rice bud, root growth neat and consistent; " strengthen " and refer to that young shoot is sturdy, root is long, the long ratio of bud is suitable, color is in vain fresh, and smell delicate fragrance, without vinosity.The main process sprouted according to seed growth and feature, vernalization can be divided into high temperature to break chest, thermophilic vernalization and airing refining 3 stages of bud.
4.5 seedbeds prepare: raising rice seedlings is seedling in the facility plastic greenhouse subenvironment of relative closure, if indoor once susceptible, can rapid spread, thus before sowing for aobvious most important of the sterilization of the equipment such as indoor and seedbed.Generally within several days, be watered 1.5 kilograms with 70% fenaminosulf 1.5 grams prior to seeding, evenly spray indoor with diseases prevention sterilization, must clean out clean and tidy in addition in booth, prevent the parasite such as damage by disease and insect parasitic; In addition, with the mould spirit of evil, what the present invention adopted is aqua, and active ingredient 15%, 20g is watered 30kg wiring solution-forming, utilizes water to roll up seedling seedling water circulation system afterwards and circulates, use clear water afterwards again instead and circulate.
4.6 seedling media prepare: first paddy is taken off rough after rice husk be laid in the seedling be placed on seedbed, ensure that rice husk evenly tiles, thickness is 1cm, tile non-woven fabrics afterwards, after utilize spraying system to spray water to seedbed, rice husk natural sedimentation, non-woven fabrics and rice husk are attached together, are generally sowing and prepare the previous day.
4.7 sow seed rice: quantitatively, uniformly broadcast sowing (craft or sower) on non-woven fabrics by having urged the seed rice of bud, spray moisture afterwards, moisture is unsuitable too much should can not be very few, makes water layer thickness be that 1/3 of seed rice is advisable, seed rice average thickness is 0.32mm, and the water yield is measured with this; Main cause is that excess moisture seed rice can assemble and then cause seed rice uneven automatically, and hypohydration can make seed rice cannot normal absorption enough moisture and ensure germinating growth.
4.8 overlay films: after planting, adopt white 40g/m
2melt spraying non-woven fabrics covers nursery; If facility plastic greenhouse is comparatively strong for the degree of control of the factor such as temperature and humidity, after planting then can cover, after planting by growing normally the regulation and control of the factors such as indoor temperature and humidity also adjustable seed rice.
4.9 rice shoot management:
4.9.1 hot and humid short neat seedling: through the seed rice of vernalization, after planting needs hot and humidly just can emerge neat through a period of time, therefore should take to heat moist keeping measures, guarantee the neat seedling of safety.Keep temperature of shed 28-35 DEG C, relative moisture more than 90%, guarantee vertical pin one Hong and neat.
4.9.2 to ventilate hardening: be seeded into when seed rice founds pin and be generally the canopy film sealing stage, based on heat and moisture preserving, to only have when temperature in the shed is more than 35 DEG C that just can to open two, seedbed noon aeration-cooling, capping in time subsequently; Vertical pin to leaf one heart stage secondary root ramp is extended, and root system starts interleaved discs knot, and therefore wet based on temperature adjustment control, temperature in the shed should remain on about 25 DEG C, and it is aeration-cooling to open two when exceeding in time, in case excessive growth; From 1 leaf 1 heart to 2 leaf 1 hearts, this, temperature of shed was 25 ~ 30 DEG C in period, and the too high hardening of will ventilating of temperature, in case excessive growth.Hardening of lowering the temperature when temperature is on the low side can strengthen rice shoot adaptability.General fine day film internal and external temperature close to time, temperature more than 15 DEG C, just can take off film ventilation hardening; When daily mean temperature stable by 14 DEG C time, lower temp. and humidity in canopy gradually, make temp. and humidity in canopy before transplanting gradually close to outside climatic condition.
4.9.3 moisture and nutrient management: seed rice after planting to 2 leaf 1 heart stage running water adopts spraying system to spray pouring rice shoot, waters rice shoot with nutrient solution by water pump circulation from 2 leaf 1 heart stages; Before shoot transplanting equipment, use to send to rice shoot according to seedling growth situation and transfer fertilizer, concrete fertilization time should use according to machine transplanting of rice progress in batches, generally within 3-4 days before transplanting, carries out, and fertilizer application amount and application process should depending on seedling looks:
(1) leaf look takes off light de-power seedling, 4.5 kilograms, mu urea dissolves in mill water culture nutrient solution 500 kilograms and waters at dusk evenly to spray or sprinkle, and spills a clear water in case fertilizer damage burns seedling after executing;
(2) leaf look normal, leaf is tall and straight and do not drape over one's shoulders down seedling, and 1.5 kilograms, mu urea dissolves in mill water culture nutrient solution 150 kilograms and carries out root outer spraying;
(3) leaf look dark green is and drape over one's shoulders seedling under blade, is sure not fertilising, should controls water to improve seedling matter.
4.10 seedling fortune seedlings:
4.10.1 the quality of seedlings: require that seedling is neat, evenly, without damage by disease and insect, nothing pounds strain weeds, stem foot is slightly flat, root growth is vigorous, can coil and form block, mention and do not fall apart.
4.10.2 play seedling fortune seedling: as rice shoot 3 leaf 1 heart stage, plant height 12-15cm, adopt manual volume rice shoot to become rice shoot to roll up, transport seedling rice transplanting afterwards.
Conventional nutrient soil method of operating is carried out in strict accordance with general raising rice seedlings operating procedure, and after shoot transplanting equipment Honda, water and fertilizer management carries out with local high-yield and high-efficiency way to manage.
5 measure project and method
5.1 seedling qualities: before transplanting, every seedling dish gets that 20 strain rice shoots measure that leaf ages, plant height, stem foot are wide at random, radical, root length, improving activity of root system, hundred strains weigh, moisture content.
5.2 output and yield forming: each monitoring point is 6 row (i.e. 1 rice transplanter working width) * 10 caves, counting is real inserts cave number and number of productive ear, the average spike number in every cave calculated, unit are spike number is tried to achieve according to average cave distance and line-spacing (30cm), it is 1 sample that 3 caves are got according to every cave spike number in each community, and natural air drying, separates full grain number and unfilled gtains, every community is selected several 3 1000 full grains to weigh and is calculated thousand kernel weight, counts the ripening rate that unfilled gtains is figured simultaneously.
5.3 data analyses: adopt Microsoft Excel 2007 to carry out data analysis and table-form making, SPSS 17.0 software carries out correlation statistics analysis.
6. results and analysis
6.1 Different Raising Seedling modes are on the impact of transplanting front seedling quality
As shown in Table 1, two kinds of seedling raising method rice shoot plant heights, hundred strain stem fresh weights and hundred strain stem method of double differences are different not remarkable, and two Performance of cultivars are consistent; LMSH seedling is quickly tall and big in CK, wherein 6 liang of excellent 9368 significant differences; Cauline leaf moisture content be LMSH lower than CK, two Performance of cultivars are consistent; The heavy height of military fortune No. 24, round-grained rice than with planting percent LMSH than CK respectively high by 2.44%, 5.79%, 6 liang of excellent 9368 heavy height than with planting percent LMSH than CK respectively high by 5.13%, 3.56%, wherein indica Hybrid Rice is heavy highly endures up to arriving significance level than, seedling.
Water volume seedling rice shoot root growth is vigorous, can coil and form block, mention and do not fall apart, and root system look white; Measurement result shows (table 2), rice shoot hundred strain root fresh weight, hundred strain root dry weights and heavy height are greater than CK than for LMSH, two Performance of cultivars are consistent, wherein military fortune round-grained rice 2,400 strain stem fresh weight and root/shoot ratio significant difference, and 6 liang of excellent 9,368 hundred strain root dry weight LMSH are significantly higher than CK; Root system moisture content be LMSH lower than CK, without significant difference between process, two Performance of cultivars are consistent.
Can be found out by above comparative analysis, LMSH overground part amount of growth relatively lower than CK, but Miao Tinggao be LMSH lower than CK, rice shoot is heavy is highly greater than CK than LMSH, shows that LMSH rice shoot overground part quality is better than CK, meets the strong seedling standard that raising rice seedlings is transplanted; Meanwhile, the growth of LMSH underground part is better than CK, has established good material base for alive for turning green after shoot transplanting equipment Honda.
Table 1 seedling raising method is on the impact of rice shoot overground part quality
Different letter representation p < 0.05 significance level of difference, it is not remarkable that data contain same letter person's difference.
Table 2 seedling raising method is on the impact of rice shoot underground part quality
Different letter representation p < 0.05 significance level of difference, it is not remarkable that data contain same letter person's difference.
3.2 Different Raising Seedling modes are on the impact of rice yield and yield forming feature
Instantly, rice yield is still the target that agricultural science worker primarily pursues.In this test, conventional japonica rice force fortune round-grained rice No. 24 output LMSH and CK are without significant difference, and excellent 9368 output of indica Hybrid Rice 6 liang comparatively high 15.7% (table 3) of CK, and significant difference, illustrate that LMSH has the potentiality of the acquisition high yield identical with CK.Wherein, the main cause that military fortune round-grained rice No. 24 LMSH output are relatively low is that LMSH spike number is significantly less than CK, although number of grain per ear and ripening rate are all higher than CK, increase by 11.5% and 1.6% respectively, finally causes LMSH output a little less than CK; And 6 liang excellent 9368 obtain high yields mainly owing to LMSH spike number and number of grain per ear higher than CK, increase by 6.9% and 15.7% respectively, make ultimate output higher than CK, between process, thousand kernel weight and ripening rate are without significant difference.
Table .3 seedling raising method is on the impact of rice yield and yield forming feature
Different letter representation p < 0.05 significance level of difference, it is not remarkable that data contain same letter person's difference.
In sum, in this test, LMSH overground part amount of growth is relatively lower than CK, but Miao Tinggao be LMSH lower than CK, rice shoot is heavy is highly greater than CK than LMSH, shows that LMSH rice shoot overground part quality is better than CK, meets the strong seedling standard that raising rice seedlings is transplanted; Meanwhile, the growth of LMSH underground part is better than CK, has established good material base for alive for turning green after shoot transplanting equipment Honda.Ultimate output LMSH can reach the level of CK, and wherein 6 liang of excellent 9368 output are significantly higher than CK.Therefore, this test is reached a conclusion: on the basis of the earth that water volume seedling method of raising seedling adopts in complete abandoning tradition seedling and new medium, by the method for water planting, cultivate into the rice shoot volume reaching 3-6m, greatly reduce the input of manpower and materials, improve machine transplanting of rice efficiency, and have the potentiality obtaining high yield; For rice industrial instantly, intensive, scale seedling have been established and provided solid technical support
Can know; above-described embodiment is only in order to illustrate the illustrative embodiments that inventive principle adopts; but the present invention is not limited only to this; those skilled in the art are not departing under real situation of the present invention; can make various improvement and change, these improve and change and also belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a method for paddy rice soilless breeding seeding, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) seedbed prepares: seedbed is arranged in seedling greenhouse, cleans seedling greenhouse, seedbed; Evenly spray seedling greenhouse with bactericide, sterilization is carried out in seedbed, ensure in seedling greenhouse without damage by disease and insect;
(2) seedling medium prepares: be laid in seedling-cultivation plate by the rice husk after de-rough, be evenly laid on rice husk with non-woven fabrics, ensure between non-woven fabrics and rice husk seamless, non-woven fabrics all covers rice husk; Sprayed water in seedbed, rice husk natural sedimentation, non-woven fabrics and rice husk are attached together;
(3) sow seed rice: by seed rice uniform broadcasting on non-woven fabrics, spray moisture, make water layer thickness reach the 1/3-1/2 of seed rice thickness;
(4) overlay film: after planting, adopts non-textile mulch nursery;
(5) rice shoot management: rice shoot is watered in the running water spraying of seed rice after planting to 2 leaf 1 heart stage, uses nutrient solution by water pump circulation pouring rice shoot from 2 leaf 1 heart stages; After planting take root vertical seedling to rice shoot to start to take off the in good time hardening of film; Before shoot transplanting equipment, use to send to rice shoot according to seedling growth situation and transfer fertilizer;
(6) play seedling fortune seedling: as rice shoot 3 leaf 1 heart stage, plant height 12-15cm, volume seedling makes rectangular rice shoot block become rice shoot to roll up, and transports seedling rice transplanting afterwards.
2. the method for paddy rice soilless breeding seeding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: seed rice is selected using salt solution as seed selection liquid before sowing seed rice, the proportion japonica rice of seed selection liquid is equal to or greater than 1.10, long-grained nonglutinous rice is equal to or greater than 1.06, fully eluriate in time after seed selection or rinse paddy, salinity being removed clean.
3. the method for paddy rice soilless breeding seeding according to claim 2, is characterized in that: soak seed to seed rice before sowing seed rice, and japonica rice seed soaking 80 is subsisted, long-grained nonglutinous rice 60 is subsisted, and to ensure that seed rice suctions moisture, its standard is that husk is transparent, grain of rice white belly is visible, and the grain of rice easily fractures and without sound.
4. the method for paddy rice soilless breeding seeding according to claim 3, is characterized in that: before sowing seed rice, carry out vernalization 30 to seed rice subsist, ensure that germination vigor reaches more than 85%, rice sprout, root growth neat and consistent, young shoot is sturdy, and color is in vain fresh, smell delicate fragrance, without vinosity.
5. the method for paddy rice soilless breeding seeding according to claim 4, is characterized in that: in seedling medium, rice husk thickness is 1cm.
6. the method for paddy rice soilless breeding seeding according to claim 5, is characterized in that: in breeding medium, non-woven fabrics is adopted as 20g/m
2spin glutinous non-woven fabrics; In coating process, the non-woven fabrics of employing is that white spins glutinous non-woven fabrics or white melt spraying non-woven fabrics, and density is 40g/m
2.
7. the method for paddy rice soilless breeding seeding according to claim 6, is characterized in that: keep temperature of shed 28-35 DEG C, relative moisture more than 90% in rice shoot management, guarantees that seed rice founds pin one and bangs and together, seed rice germinateed at one time simultaneously.
8. the method for the paddy rice soilless breeding seeding described in any one of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that: before shoot transplanting equipment, use to send to rice shoot and transfer fertile standard and be: leaf look takes off light de-power seedling, 4 ~ 4.5 kilograms, mu urea dissolves in mill water culture nutrient solution 500 kilograms and waters at dusk evenly to spray or sprinkle, and spills a clear water in case fertilizer damage burns seedling after executing; Leaf look normal, leaf is tall and straight and do not drape over one's shoulders down seedling, and 1 ~ 1.5 kilogram, mu urea dissolves in mill water culture nutrient solution 100 ~ 150 kilograms and carries out root outer spraying; Leaf look dark green and drape over one's shoulders seedling under blade, is sure not fertilising, should controls water to improve seedling matter.
9. the method for paddy rice soilless breeding seeding according to claim 8, is characterized in that: in step (1) the seedbed preparatory stage, is watered prior to seeding and evenly sprays seedling greenhouse as bactericide, sterilization is carried out in seedbed using fenaminosulf; Be watered wiring solution-forming as agriculture chemicals fungicide with the mould spirit of evil, utilize the raising rice seedlings circulatory system to circulate; Wherein, the consumption of fenaminosulf is that 70% fenaminosulf 1.5 grams is watered 1.5 kilograms; The consumption of disliking mould spirit is that the aqua 20g of active ingredient 15% is watered 20-30kg.
10. the method for the paddy rice soilless breeding seeding described in any one of claim 1-9 is in the application of paddy rice without native machine transplanting of rice field.
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| CN110800432A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2020-02-18 | 浙江博源农机有限公司 | Long felt seedling and seedling platform mechanism special for feeding long felt seedling |
| CN111357631B (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-19 | 南京农业大学 | Serial water-rolled seedling raising method for machine-transplanted rice |
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