CN107033310A - 含双重动态共价键交联的可重加工聚氨酯及其制备方法 - Google Patents

含双重动态共价键交联的可重加工聚氨酯及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107033310A
CN107033310A CN201710278432.2A CN201710278432A CN107033310A CN 107033310 A CN107033310 A CN 107033310A CN 201710278432 A CN201710278432 A CN 201710278432A CN 107033310 A CN107033310 A CN 107033310A
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夏和生
杨莉
卢锡立
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Sichuan University
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Abstract

本发明涉及含双重动态共价键交联的可重加工聚氨酯及其制备方法,属于高分子材料领域,由二异氰酸酯、三异氰酸酯或者四异氰酸、大分子多元醇/胺以及含动态可逆的Diels‑Alder和二硫键的二元醇/胺扩链剂,在催化剂作用下熔体共混或者加入溶剂后聚合得到。双重动态键的引入即满足材料对力学性能的要求,又使材料在不同的应用环境中都具有优异的重加工和自修复性能。含动态可逆的Diels‑Alder键和二硫键的扩链剂在一定温度下能够断裂和重组,使该聚氨酯材料具有重加工性能,同时对使用过程中产生的裂纹或损伤具有自修复的功能。此外,动态键断裂后材料粘度明显下降,熔体粘流性显著提高,从而改善加工性能。

Description

含双重动态共价键交联的可重加工聚氨酯及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及含双重动态共价键交联的可重加工聚氨酯及其制备方法,属于高分子材料领域。
背景技术
聚氨酯作为一种结构可调可控的聚合物,广泛应用于各个领域,与所有材料一样,在应用过程中,难免会因为外界的影响产生损伤。因此是聚氨酯材料具备自我修复功能成为一个热点工作。聚合物自我修复途径有很多,不添加外修复剂的本征型自修复是最为理想的修复机理,其中高分子材料结构中引入热可逆共价键是一种简单有效的方法。材料在受到损伤后,通过简单的热处理就能实现对材料损伤修复的效果,不仅自修复效率高,且能够实现多次的自我修复。当交联聚合物的交联点也是动态可逆的共价键时,交联的聚合物便具备了动态的交联/解交联性质,这使交联聚合物具有了可重加工性,有利于材料的再生利用。
含动态可逆的Diels-Alder键和二硫键的小分子作为聚氨酯的扩链剂,并分布于交联点和聚合物分子主链上,这种扩链剂在一定温度下能够断裂和重组,使该聚氨酯材料具有重加工性能,同时对使用过程中产生的裂纹或损伤具有自修复的功能。此外,动态键断裂后材料粘度明显下降,熔体粘流性显著提高,从而改善加工性能。动态的交联/解交联性能使得该聚氨酯具有加工方法多样性的特点。可广泛应用于生物医用材料,3D打印耗材等领域。
目前尚未见到将同时含有DA键和二硫键的小分子作为改性扩链剂,聚合过程中直接引入到聚氨酯分子链中制备本征型自修复聚氨酯。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足而开发的具有自修复性能的可重加工聚氨酯,该聚氨酯乳液中合成聚氨酯所使用的扩链剂同时含DA键和二硫键具有不同的环境响应动态可逆性。利用动态可逆性能赋予材料自修复性能,材料在使用过程中,受到破坏后可以通过适当的热处理,使动态键发生断裂,温度降低后动态键再次形成,体系再次交联,材料外观和材料力学性能均得到恢复。
本发明的目的由以下技术措施实现:
含双重动态共价键交联的可重加工聚氨酯,由以下原料按照重量份数制成,二异氰酸酯 2~15份、三异氰酸酯或者四异氰酸2~15份、大分子多元醇/胺45~75份,以及含动态可逆的Diels-Alder和二硫键的二元醇/胺扩链剂3~20份,在0.3~1.5份催化剂作用下熔体共混或者加入10~30份溶剂后聚合得到。
其中,所述的二异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、异佛尔酮异氰酸酯(IPDI)、苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯(XDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)中的任一种或多种混合。
其中,所述的三异氰酸酯或者四异氰酸为TDI三聚体,HDI三聚体,IPDI三聚体,三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯,二甲基三苯基甲烷四异氰酸酯等多异氰酸酯中任一种或多种混合。
其中,所述的大分子多元醇/胺为分子量400~6000的聚己内酯多元醇/胺,聚碳酸酯多元醇等聚酯多元醇/胺,分子量为200~5000的聚醚多元醇/胺、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇,聚四氢呋喃醚二醇,蓖麻油类多元醇任一种或多种混合。
其中,所述的催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、N,N-二甲基环己胺、三亚乙基二胺中的一种或多种配合使用。
其中,所述的含动态可逆的Diels-Alder键和二硫键的扩链剂为以下所示的任一种:
其中R为-(CH2)n,1≤n≤10。
其中,所述的溶剂为二氧六环、N,N-二甲基酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的任一种或多种混合。
该含双重动态共价键交联的可重加工聚氨酯的合成方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在惰性气体保护下,将二异氰酸酯、大分子多元醇/胺以及催化剂按比例加入反应器中,升温至70~90℃,搅拌反应0.5~2h;
(2)向步骤(1)中的产物加入含动态可逆的Diels-Alder和二硫键的二元醇/胺扩链剂和三异氰酸酯或者四异氰酸的混合熔体或者溶液,惰性气体保护下,45~90℃反应2~72h后得到具有自修复性能的可重加工聚氨酯。
由所述的含双重动态共价键交联的可重加工聚氨酯制成的制品,产生的裂纹或损伤处,采用热处理达到Diels-Alder键或二硫键断裂的温度,使损伤处的动态键先断裂,然后在室温~80℃的温度范围内重新生成,进而实现裂纹或损伤的自我修复。
该聚氨酯可以通过多种加工方法制备得到不同性能和用途的制品,包括熔融加工,溶液加工,3D打印,静电纺丝,静电喷雾等。在应用施工过程中,根据目标产品的性能需求,可配合相关助剂,并且不会对材料本身的性能造成负面影响。可配合使用的助剂包括光稳定剂,抗氧剂、杀菌防霉剂等。含动态可逆的Diels-Alder键和二硫键的扩链剂在一定温度下能够断裂和重组,使该聚氨酯材料具有重加工性能,同时对使用过程中产生的裂纹或损伤具有自修复的功能。此外,动态键断裂后材料粘度明显下降,熔体粘流性显著提高,从而改善加工性能。动态的交联/解交联性能使得该聚氨酯具有加工方法多样性的特点。可广泛应用于生物医用材料,3D打印耗材等领域。
本发明提供的含双重动态共价键交联的可重加工聚氨酯及其制备方法,具有以下优点:
1、Diels-Alder动态键或二硫键具有动态可逆性,赋予了制品自修复和重加工性能;
2、作为3D打印耗材应用时,温度上升到临界温度以上时Diels-Alder动态键或二硫键发生断裂,体系粘度降低,有利于3D打印过程;Diels-Alder动态键或二硫键在温度低于临界温度时发生重组,使材料体系发生交联,提高了制品的力学性能;
3、该材料可用于生物医用材料,3D打印耗材等领域。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体的描述,有必要再此指出的是本实施例只用于对本发明进行的进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,该领域的技术人员可以根据上述发明的内容作出一些非本质的改进和调整。
实施例1
(1)、在惰性气体保护下,将50g甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、500g分子量为2000的聚己内酯二元醇以及2g二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂按比例加入反应器中,升温至70~90℃,搅拌反应0.5~2h;
(2)、向(1)中的产物加入135g氨基封端动态键扩链剂和40gHDI三聚体交联剂的300 ml二氧六环溶液,惰性气体保护下,45~90℃反应2~72h后得到具有自修复性能的可重加工聚氨酯。
实施例2
(1)、在惰性气体保护下,将38g异佛尔酮异氰酸酯(IPDI)、400g分子量为2000的聚丙二醇以及2.5g二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂按比例加入反应器中,升温至70~90℃,搅拌反应 0.5~2h;
(2)、向(1)中的产物加入30g氨基封端动态键扩链剂和42g HDI三聚体交联剂的混合熔体,惰性气体保护下,45~90℃反应2~72h后得到具有自修复性能的可重加工聚氨酯。
实施例3
(1)、在惰性气体保护下,将78g苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯(XDI)、450g分子量为2000的聚四氢呋喃二元醇以及2.2g二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂按比例加入反应器中,升温至 70~90℃,搅拌反应0.5~2h;
(2)、向(1)中的产物加入72g氨基封端动态键扩链剂和40g TDI三聚体交联剂的混合二氧六环溶液,惰性气体保护下,45~90℃反应2~72h后得到具有自修复性能的可重加工聚氨酯。
实施例4
(1)、在惰性气体保护下,将30g二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)、480g分子量为1000的聚四氢呋喃二元醇以及3.5g辛酸亚锡催化剂按比例加入反应器中,升温至70~90℃,搅拌反应0.5~2h;
(2)、向(1)中的产物加入50g氨基封端动态键扩链剂和38g HDI三聚体交联剂的混合N,N-二甲基酰胺溶液,惰性气体保护下,45~90℃反应2~72h后得到具有自修复性能的可重加工聚氨酯。
实施例5
(1)、在惰性气体保护下,将45g六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、720g分子量为4000的聚己内酯二元醇以及4.5g辛酸亚锡催化剂按比例加入反应器中,升温至70~90℃,搅拌反应 0.5~2h;
(2)、向(1)中的产物加入40g氨基封端动态键扩链剂和38g二甲基三苯基甲烷四异氰酸酯交联剂的N,N-二甲基酰胺溶液,惰性气体保护下,45~90℃反应2~72h后得到具有自修复性能的可重加工聚氨酯。
实施例6
(1)、在惰性气体保护下,将65g甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、450g分子量为1000的聚丙二醇以及4g辛酸亚锡催化剂按比例加入反应器中,升温至70~90℃,搅拌反应0.5~2h;
(2)、向(1)中的产物加入50g氨基封端动态键扩链剂和42g TDI三聚体交联剂的混合 N-甲基吡咯烷酮熔体或者溶液,惰性气体保护下,45~90℃反应2~72h后得到具有自修复性能的可重加工聚氨酯。
实施例7
(1)、在惰性气体保护下,将40g二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、400g分子量为2000的聚四氢呋喃二元胺以及N,N-二甲基环己胺催化剂按比例加入反应器中,升温至70~90℃,搅拌反应0.5~2h;
(2)、向(1)中的产物加入50g羟基封端动态键扩链剂和30g HDI三聚体交联剂的混合熔体,惰性气体保护下,45~90℃反应2~72h后得到具有自修复性能的可重加工聚氨酯。
实施例8
(1)、在惰性气体保护下,将45g二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、600g分子量为3000的聚丙二醇以及3.4g三亚乙基二胺催化剂按比例加入反应器中,升温至70~90℃,搅拌反应0.5~2h;
(2)、向(1)中的产物加入43g羟基封端动态键扩链剂和48g TDI三聚体交联剂的混合熔体,惰性气体保护下,45~90℃反应2~72h后得到具有自修复性能的可重加工聚氨酯。
实施例9
(1)、在惰性气体保护下,将53g甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、450g分子量为1000的聚丙二醇胺以及2.8g三亚乙基二胺催化剂按比例加入反应器中,升温至70~90℃,搅拌反应0.5~2h;
(2)、向(1)中的产物加入56g羟基封端动态键扩链剂和30g多异氰酸酯二甲基三苯基甲烷四异氰酸酯交联剂的混合N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶液,惰性气体保护下,45~90℃反应2~72h 后得到具有自修复性能的可重加工聚氨酯。
实施例10
(1)、在惰性气体保护下,将48g二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、300g分子量为800的聚四氢呋喃二元醇以及1.5g二月桂酸二丁基锡,1.2g三亚乙基二胺催化剂按比例加入反应器中,升温至70~90℃,搅拌反应0.5~2h;
(2)、向(1)中的产物加入64g羟基封端动态键扩链剂和53g三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯交联剂的混合N,N-二甲基酰胺溶液,惰性气体保护下,45~90℃反应2~72h后得到具有自修复性能的可重加工聚氨酯。
实施例11
(1)、在惰性气体保护下,将64g六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、480g分子量为1000的聚碳酸酯二元醇以及2.0g二月桂酸二丁基锡,1.5g辛酸亚锡催化剂按比例加入反应器中,升温至70~90℃,搅拌反应0.5~2h;
(2)、向(1)中的产物加入89g羟基封端动态键扩链剂和45g IPDI三聚体交联剂的混合N,N-二甲基酰胺溶液,惰性气体保护下,45~90℃反应2~72h后得到具有自修复性能的可重加工聚氨酯。
实施例12
(1)、在惰性气体保护下,将123g异佛尔酮异氰酸酯(IPDI)、810分子量为2000的聚乙二醇以及3g二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂按比例加入反应器中,升温至70~90℃,搅拌反应0.5~2h;
(2)、向(1)中的产物加入93g羟基封端动态键扩链剂和40g HDI三聚体交联剂的二氧六环溶液,惰性气体保护下,45~90℃反应2~72h后得到具有自修复性能的可重加工聚氨酯。
实施例13
(1)、在惰性气体保护下,将89g六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、800g分子量为6000的聚丙二醇以及4.5g二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂按比例加入反应器中,升温至70~90℃,搅拌反应0.5~2h;
((2)、向(1)中的产物加入64g羟基封端动态键扩链剂和70g TDI三聚体交联剂的混合二氧六环溶液,惰性气体保护下,45~90℃反应2~72h后得到具有自修复性能的可重加工聚氨酯。

Claims (8)

1.含双重动态共价键交联的可重加工聚氨酯,其特征在于,由以下原料按照重量份数制成,二异氰酸酯2~15份、三异氰酸酯或者四异氰酸2~15份、大分子多元醇/胺45~75份,以及含动态可逆的Diels-Alder和二硫键的二元醇/胺扩链剂3~20份,在0.3~1.5份催化剂作用下熔体共混或者加入10~30份溶剂后聚合得到。
2.根据权利要求1含双重动态共价键交联的可重加工聚氨酯,其特征在于,所述的二异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮异氰酸酯、苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的任一种或多种混合。
3.根据权利要求1所述含双重动态共价键交联的可重加工聚氨酯,其特征在于,所述的三异氰酸酯或者四异氰酸为TDI三聚体、HDI三聚体、IPDI三聚体、三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯、二甲基三苯基甲烷四异氰酸酯中的任一种或多种混合。
4.根据权利要求1所述含双重动态共价键交联的可重加工聚氨酯,其特征在于,所述的大分子多元醇/胺为分子量400~6000的聚己内酯多元醇/胺、聚碳酸酯多元醇,或者为分子量200~5000的聚醚多元醇/胺、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇,或者为聚四氢呋喃醚二醇,蓖麻油类中任一种或多种混合。
5.根据权利要求1所述含双重动态共价键交联的可重加工聚氨酯,其特征在于,所述的催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、N,N-二甲基环己胺、三亚乙基二胺中的一种或多种配合使用。
6.根据权利要求1所述含双重动态共价键交联的可重加工聚氨酯,其特征在于,所述的含动态可逆的Diels-Alder键和二硫键的扩链剂为以下所示的任一种:
其中R为-(CH2)n,1≤n≤10。
7.根据权利要求1所述含双重动态共价键交联的可重加工聚氨酯,其特征在于,所述的溶剂为二氧六环、N,N-二甲基酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的任一种或多种混合。
8.根据权利要求1到7任一项所述含双重动态共价键交联的可重加工聚氨酯的合成方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)在惰性气体保护下,将二异氰酸酯、大分子多元醇/胺以及催化剂按比例加入反应器中,升温至70~90℃,搅拌反应0.5~2h;
(2)向步骤(1)中的产物加入含动态可逆的Diels-Alder和二硫键的二元醇/胺扩链剂和三异氰酸酯或者四异氰酸的混合熔体或者溶液,惰性气体保护下,45~90℃反应2~72h后得到具有自修复性能的可重加工聚氨酯。
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