CN106977320B - Culture medium for needle mushrooms and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A culture medium for needle mushrooms and a preparation method thereof comprise the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-50 parts of rice bran; 40-60 parts of corncobs; 4-8 parts of corn flour; 4-8 parts of soybean meal; 20-32 parts of bran; 12-20 parts of soybean hulls; 8-12 parts of beet pulp; 6-8 parts of cottonseed hulls; 2-3 parts of Chinese herbal medicine; 2-3 parts of a calcium additive; 2-3 parts of citrus peel; the effects of comprehensive nutrition of the culture medium, improvement of antibacterial property and improvement of economic benefit are achieved.

Description

Culture medium for needle mushrooms and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of needle mushroom cultivation, in particular to a needle mushroom culture medium and a preparation method thereof.

Background

With the large-area popularization of the edible fungus bag cultivation method in China in the 70 th of the 20 th century, more and more edible fungus manufacturers and growers are provided in various regions, and particularly, the edible fungus industry has a situation of rapid development under the increasingly exquisite dietary trend of health care from the beginning of the 21 st century. Among common edible fungus cultivation species, the flammulina velutipes is simple and easy to implement in cultivation technology, strong in variety adaptability, capable of meeting the cultivation requirements in different areas, high in market price, good in overall economic benefit and deeply favored by broad edible fungus growers.

The golden mushroom is the main edible fungus for cultivation in China, is rich in nutrition, is a high-protein, low-calorie and polysaccharide health-care food, contains 18 amino acids, has higher arginine and lysine contents than common edible fungi, has a promoting effect on the growth and development of teenagers, and is called as the intelligence-improving mushroom. In addition, the needle mushroom has higher medicinal value, cold property, liver benefiting, intestine and stomach benefiting, and the needle mushroom contains the needle mushroom essence and the needle mushroom essence which have certain prevention and treatment effects on cancers, so the needle mushroom is an edible mushroom with higher economic value.

China is the country with the largest production and export quantity of needle mushrooms in the world at present, and needle mushroom cultivation becomes an important way for mushroom farmers to increase income and become rich. At present, the raw materials for cultivating the flammulina velutipes in China mainly comprise cottonseed hulls, and because the raw materials for the cottonseed hulls are short in resources, the price of the cottonseed hulls is continuously increased, and the cultivation cost is higher and higher, so that each production unit pays attention to the quality of cheap and good alternative raw materials; in addition, the flammulina velutipes cultivation medium is easy to be infected by mixed bacteria, the growth of the flammulina velutipes is influenced, the yield is low, and the economic benefit of growers is low. In order to improve economic benefit, the plant farmers use the medicament for bacteriostasis. Most of the current needle mushroom medicament for inhibiting mixed bacteria in the market are antibiotics, and the mass use of the needle mushroom medicament can cause the problems of the improvement of the drug resistance of the mixed bacteria, the drug residue and the like, so that the quality of the needle mushroom is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a culture medium for needle mushrooms, which has comprehensive nutrition, improves antibacterial property and improves economic benefit.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a culture medium for needle mushrooms comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of rice bran; 40-60 parts of corncobs; 4-8 parts of corn flour; 4-8 parts of soybean meal; 20-32 parts of bran; 12-20 parts of soybean hulls; 8-12 parts of beet pulp; 6-8 parts of cottonseed hulls; 2-3 parts of Chinese herbal medicine; 2-3 parts of a calcium additive; and 2-3 parts of citrus peel.

By adopting the technical scheme, the rice bran and the wheat bran are rich in dietary fibers, crude fat, protein, amino acid, vitamins, mineral elements and the like, and provide main nutrient substances for the growth of the flammulina velutipes; the corncobs contain rich crude protein and nitrogen-free extracts which are far higher than the contents of a plurality of plant straws, so that a nitrogen source and a carbon source are provided for the growth of the flammulina velutipes; in addition, the corncobs are loose, a plurality of gaps exist in the corncobs, the air permeability of the culture medium is enhanced, the oxygen content of the culture medium is increased, and the flammulina velutipes grows better; the corncobs are low in price, so that more economic values can be brought to farmers; the corn flour contains crude protein and a nitrogen source, and also contains calcium, iron, vitamin E and a trace element selenium, so that necessary nutrient components are provided for the growth of the flammulina velutipes; the soybean hulls and the soybean meal contain rich protein, and provide raw materials for the needle mushroom to synthesize protein and nucleic acid; the cottonseed hulls provide an essential carbon source for the growth of the needle mushrooms, have good air permeability and a certain water locking function, can keep the water in the culture medium and prevent the water from rapidly running off; the beet pulp contains a large amount of crude fibers and a small amount of protein, so that nutrient substances are provided for the growth of the needle mushrooms, and the beet pulp is firstly soaked in warm water for expansion when in use, so that the air permeability of the culture medium can be enhanced, the oxygen content of the culture medium is increased, and the needle mushrooms can grow better; because the humidity in the culture medium is high, bacteria are easy to breed, the growth of the flammulina velutipes is inhibited, and the Chinese herbal medicines can have good antibacterial effect; the calcium additive can provide sufficient calcium source for the needle mushrooms, so that the needle mushrooms grow more robustly, and the calcium additive contains calcium carbonate which can adjust the pH value in the culture medium to a proper value, so that the growth of the needle mushrooms is facilitated.

Preferably, the peanut shell also comprises 3-5 times of the mass of the cotton seed shell.

By adopting the technical scheme, the peanut shell has good air permeability and a certain water locking function, can keep the water in the culture medium and prevent quick loss; the peanut shells can replace part of the cottonseed shells, so that the using amount of the cottonseed shells is reduced, certain investment cost is saved, economic benefits are improved, in addition, the peanut shells contain vitamin B, the needle mushrooms are natural defects of the vitamin B, the vitamin B is required to be added from the outside, and the peanut shells can meet the requirements of the needle mushrooms on the vitamin B; and the peanut shells and the cottonseed shells have better effect when the mass ratio of the peanut shells to the cottonseed shells is 3-5:1, namely the dosage of the cottonseed shells is reduced, and the nutrient components which can keep the culture medium enough are provided.

Preferably, the seaweed powder also comprises 2-3 parts of seaweed powder.

By adopting the technical scheme, the seaweed powder contains crude protein, crude fiber and a small amount of polysaccharide, and-COO-, -OH-NH exists in the aqueous solution₂The groups can form stable complex with heavy metal ions, so that the heavy metal ions have adsorption capacity and are prevented from influencing the growth of strains; the seaweed powder is rich in seaweed polysaccharide, mannitol, fucoxanthin and other marine active ingredients held by marine organisms and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iodine and other trace elements, and can improve the fertility of the culture medium and provide absorbable and utilizable nutrient elements.

Preferably, 5-7 parts of peat fresh is also included.

By adopting the technical scheme, the peat fresh has larger water-absorbing cells, the peat fresh has stronger water-absorbing capability, the peanut shells are used for replacing part of the cottonseed hulls, the cottonseed hulls are provided with cotton wool, the water-absorbing capability of the peat fresh is stronger than that of the peanut shells, so that the water-locking function of the culture medium is reduced after the cottonseed hulls replace the cottonseed hulls, and the peat fresh can better keep the water content of the culture medium and prevent the water content in the culture medium from losing; in addition, the peat fresh has medicinal value and stronger antibacterial effect on fungi.

Preferably, the Chinese herbal medicine residues comprise folium isatidis, garlic skins, honeysuckle, purslane, cactus, ginkgo leaves and chinaberry in a weight ratio of 1:2:1:1:2:2: 1.

By adopting the technical scheme, the dyers woad leaf, the garlic skin, the honeysuckle, the purslane, the cactus and the ginkgo leaf have antibacterial performance, the chinaberry has an insect-resistant effect, the Chinese herbal medicines are weak in medicine property and have small harm to the flammulina velutipes, the Chinese herbal medicines can replace the medicine, the problem of medicine residue is solved, and the quality of the flammulina velutipes is guaranteed.

Preferably, the calcium supplement includes at least one of bone meal, shell powder and eggshell.

By adopting the technical scheme, the bone meal, the shell powder and the eggshell contain natural calcium carbonate, so that sufficient calcium sources can be added into a culture medium, the growth of needle mushrooms is promoted to be more vigorous, high-calcium needle mushrooms can grow, free acids in a matrix can be effectively removed, and the situation that the acidity is too high due to the addition of seaweed meal and citrus peels to be unfavorable for the growth of strains is prevented; in addition, the eggshell comprises at least one of a chicken eggshell, a duck eggshell and a goose eggshell, and the eggshell contains a large amount of collagen and hyaluronic acid membranes, so that the water retention property and the air permeability of the matrix can be greatly improved; the grain size of the eggshell is controlled to be 0.2-0.25mm, and the eggshell with the grain size does not need to be ground for a large amount of time and can have a large enough specific surface area, so that the eggshell is beneficial to the growth of strains.

Preferably, the citrus peel comprises at least one of grapefruit peel, tangerine peel, orange peel, lemon peel, and mandarin orange peel.

By adopting the technical scheme, the citrus peel is rich in various vitamins and organic acids, so that nutrient substances can be provided for strains, physiological activity and stimulation are achieved, nutrient absorption and growth metabolism of the strains are promoted, root growth and disease resistance are promoted, crop yield can be effectively increased, and product quality can be improved; the thin peel on the inner side of the peel contains dietary fiber and pectin, and is matched with the seaweed meal which forms a colloidal sticky matter with water, a colloidal water-retaining net can be formed in the matrix to improve the water-retaining property, the matrix is not easy to loosen and is more convenient to use, and the plant fiber rich in the two increases the gaps between the water-retaining nets, so that the water-retaining quantity is increased, and the air permeability is ensured.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a culture medium for enoki mushroom, which enables the culture medium to be nutritionally balanced.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a culture medium for needle mushrooms comprises the following steps:

step 1, crushing materials: crushing the corncobs, and sieving the crushed corncobs with a 150-mesh sieve for later use; crushing peanut shells and cottonseed shells, and sieving the crushed peanut shells and cottonseed shells by a 100-mesh sieve for later use; drying peat in the sun and crushing to obtain granules with the particle size of 0.2-0.3 mm; pulverizing peel of Mandarin orange to particle size of 0.2-0.3 mm;

step 2, preparation of Chinese herbal medicines: mixing folium Isatidis, radix Isatidis, Bulbus Allii, flos Lonicerae, fructus forsythiae, herba Portulacae, radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii, folium Ginkgo, and fructus Toosendan, pulverizing, and sieving with 50 mesh sieve;

step 3, pretreatment of the beet pulp: soaking beet pulp in warm water until the beet pulp expands, and taking out for later use;

step 4, mixing materials: putting the materials in the step 1 and the step 2, rice bran, corn flour, soybean meal, calcium carbonate and soybean hull into a stirrer, and stirring until the materials are uniformly mixed;

step 5, adding water and stirring: adding water into the mixed material obtained in the step 4 and stirring to enable the water content to reach 80-90%;

step 6, sterilization: and (5) sterilizing the needle mushroom culture medium prepared in the step (5).

By adopting the technical scheme, the dry materials are firstly crushed, so that the materials are favorably and uniformly mixed; then preparing the Chinese herbal medicines, wherein the Chinese herbal medicines are prepared separately, and the components of the Chinese herbal medicines are added into the materials after being mixed uniformly, so that the integral medicinal energy of the Chinese herbal medicines can be ensured; in addition, before the beet pulp is used, the beet pulp is firstly placed in warm water to be expanded and then added into the culture medium, so that the air permeability of the culture medium can be enhanced, the oxygen content of the culture medium is increased, and the flammulina velutipes can grow better; and the pretreatment of the beet pulp is positioned after the material is crushed and the Chinese herbal medicine is prepared, so that the expanded beet pulp can directly enter the next step, the beet pulp is prevented from being placed for a long time, the water loss in the beet pulp reduces the expansion degree of the beet pulp and influences the air permeability of the culture medium; after the materials are uniformly mixed, water is added, so that the materials are more uniformly mixed, and the nutrition of the culture medium is balanced; and finally, sterilizing, and eliminating the mixed bacteria in the culture medium to provide an excellent growth environment for the growth of the flammulina velutipes hyphae.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics and technical effects:

1. the invention uses the peanut shells to replace part of the cottonseed shells, thereby not only ensuring the nutrient components of the culture medium, but also reducing the using amount of the cottonseed shells, saving certain investment cost and improving economic benefits;

2. the peat moss is used, the peanut shells are used for replacing part of the cotton seed hulls, and the cotton wool is arranged on the cotton seed hulls, so that the water absorption of the cotton seed hulls is stronger than that of the peanut shells, the water locking function of the culture medium after the cotton seed hulls replace the cotton seed hulls is reduced, the water of the culture medium is easy to lose, the peat fresh has larger water-absorbing cells, the water absorption capacity of the peat fresh is stronger, the disadvantage can be compensated by adding the peat fresh, the water of the culture medium can be well maintained, and the water loss in the culture medium is prevented; in addition, the peat fresh has medicinal value and stronger antibacterial effect on fungi;

3. the Chinese herbal medicine is used, has antibacterial performance, is weak in medicine property and has small harm to the golden mushroom, and the Chinese herbal medicine can be used for replacing a medicament, so that the problem of medicine residue is solved, and the quality of the golden mushroom is ensured;

4. according to the invention, the beet pulp is used, the beet pulp contains a large amount of crude fibers and a small amount of protein, the beet pulp provides nutrient substances for the growth of the needle mushrooms, and the beet pulp is firstly expanded when in use, so that the air permeability of the culture medium can be enhanced, the oxygen content of the culture medium is increased, and the needle mushrooms can grow better;

5. the invention uses seaweed powder which contains crude protein, crude fiber and a small amount of polysaccharide, and-COO-, -OH-NH exists in aqueous solution₂The groups can form stable complex with heavy metal ions, so that the heavy metal ions have adsorption capacity and are prevented from influencing the growth of strains.

Detailed Description

All materials referred to in the examples of the present invention are commercially available.

The cultivation of the flammulina velutipes comprises the following steps:

step 1, preparation of culture medium of needle mushroom

1. Crushing materials: crushing the corncob vinasse, and sieving the crushed corncob vinasse with a 150-mesh sieve for later use; crushing peanut shells and cottonseed shells, and sieving the crushed peanut shells and cottonseed shells by a 100-mesh sieve for later use; drying peat in the sun and crushing to obtain granules with the particle size of 0.2-0.3 mm; pulverizing peel of Mandarin orange to particle size of 0.2-0.3 mm;

2. preparing Chinese herbal medicine residues: mixing folium Isatidis, Bulbus Allii, flos Lonicerae, herba Portulacae, radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii, folium Ginkgo, and fructus Toosendan, pulverizing, and sieving with 50 mesh sieve;

3. pretreatment of the beet pulp: soaking beet pulp in warm water until the beet pulp expands, and taking out for later use;

4. mixing materials: putting the materials in the step 1, the step 2 and the step 3, rice bran, corn flour, bean pulp, calcium carbonate and soybean hull into a stirrer to be uniformly mixed;

5. adding water and stirring: adding water into the mixture obtained in step 4 and stirring to make the water content reach 80-90%;

6. and (3) sterilization: and (3) sterilizing the needle mushroom culture medium prepared in the step (5) for 25 minutes by high-temperature steam, taking out, cooling and subpackaging in culture bottles, putting 16 culture bottles into a group, putting the culture bottles into the same culture bottle frame, and then punching: the culture bottle is perforated with a bacterium receiving hole which is arranged in the vertical direction from the upper end to the lower end and penetrates to the bottle bottom, and then the bottle cap is covered.

Step 2, inoculating strains

Then moving the culture bottle filled with the culture medium to a sterile workshop, inoculating bacteria at 18 ℃ by using a bacterium inoculating device, inoculating equivalent strains as far as possible, quickly and accurately taking account of uniform sowing, covering a bottle cap in time, and completely inoculating each group of culture bottles in a short time.

Step 3, observing and measuring

Arranging the culture mediums of the inoculated bacteria of different groups in a culture room according to the serial numbers, observing the growth condition of the hyphae every day, recording the growth amount and growth vigor at regular time, and calculating the growth speed every day. According to the thick density, the color and the stout degree of hyphae, the bacterial infection degree of hyphae is watched simultaneously, generally in a humid environment, bacteria are easily bred in a culture medium, so that the hyphae infect the bacteria to get ill, the common root rot and spot disease exist, and the hyphae infection degree is divided into three levels in order to distinguish the hyphae infection degree: "+" indicates that there is no or very little hypha in the experimental group to get root rot and spot disease; "+ +" indicates that the number of root rot and blotch of hyphae of the experimental group exceeded the total hyphal amount of 1/5-1/3; "+++" indicates that the number of root rot and blotch diseases of hyphae of the experimental group exceeded 1/3 of the total hyphae.

Measurement method of hypha growth amount: when each bottle of hypha begins to eat and colonize, using oil marker as initial mark, measuring 1 time value at a certain time interval by micrometer, calculating average value, and using cm.d^-1And (4) showing. The days of hypha overgrowth were also recorded and the data are shown in tables 1-4.

Example 1: the culture medium of the needle mushroom comprises 30Kg of rice bran; 40Kg of corncobs; 4Kg of corn flour; 4Kg of soybean meal; 20Kg of bran; 12Kg of soybean hulls; 8Kg of beet pulp; 6Kg of cottonseed hulls; 30Kg of peanut shells; 0.2Kg of dyers woad leaf; 0.4Kg of garlic skin; 0.2Kg of honeysuckle; 0.2Kg of purslane; 0.4Kg of cactus; 0.4Kg of ginkgo leaves; 0.2Kg of chinaberry; 1Kg of bone meal; 0.5Kg of shell powder; 0.5Kg of eggshell calcium; 1Kg of grapefruit peel; 1Kg of orange peel; 2Kg of seaweed meal; 5Kg of peat fresh.

Example 2: the culture medium of the needle mushroom comprises 40Kg of rice bran; 50Kg of corncob; 6Kg of corn flour; 6Kg of soybean meal; 26Kg of bran; 16Kg of soybean hulls; 10Kg of beet pulp; 7Kg of cottonseed hulls; 35Kg of peanut shells; 0.25Kg of dyers woad leaf; 0.5Kg of garlic skin; 0.25Kg of honeysuckle; 0.25Kg of purslane; 0.5Kg of cactus; 0.5Kg of ginkgo leaves; 0.25Kg of chinaberry; 1.5Kg of bone meal; 1Kg of shell powder; 1Kg of grapefruit peel; 1.5Kg of orange peel; 2.5Kg of seaweed meal; 6Kg of peat is fresh.

Example 3: the culture medium of the needle mushroom comprises 50Kg of rice bran; 60Kg of corncobs; 8Kg of corn flour; 8Kg of soybean meal; 32Kg of bran; 20Kg of soybean hulls; 12Kg of beet pulp; 8Kg of cottonseed hulls; 40Kg of peanut shells; 0.3Kg of dyers woad leaf; 0.6Kg of garlic skin; 0.3Kg of honeysuckle; 0.3Kg of purslane; 0.6Kg of cactus; 0.6Kg of ginkgo leaves; 0.3Kg of chinaberry; 1.5Kg of bone meal; 1.5Kg of shell powder; 1.5Kg of shaddock peel; 1.5Kg of orange peel; 3Kg of seaweed meal; 7Kg of peat is fresh.

Example 4: the culture medium of the needle mushroom comprises 30Kg of rice bran; 40Kg of corncobs; 4Kg of corn flour; 4Kg of soybean meal; 20Kg of bran; 12Kg of soybean hulls; 8Kg of beet pulp; 6Kg of cottonseed hulls; 24Kg of peanut shells; 0.2Kg of dyers woad leaf; 0.4Kg of garlic skin; 0.2Kg of honeysuckle; 0.2Kg of purslane; 0.4Kg of cactus; 0.4Kg of ginkgo leaves; 0.2Kg of chinaberry; 1Kg of bone meal; 0.5Kg of shell powder; 0.5Kg of eggshell calcium; 1Kg of grapefruit peel; 1Kg of orange peel; 2Kg of seaweed meal; 5Kg of peat fresh.

Example 5: the culture medium of the needle mushroom comprises 40Kg of rice bran; 50Kg of corncob; 6Kg of corn flour; 6Kg of soybean meal; 26Kg of bran; 16Kg of soybean hulls; 10Kg of beet pulp; 7Kg of cottonseed hulls; 28Kg of peanut shells; 0.25Kg of dyers woad leaf; 0.5Kg of garlic skin; 0.25Kg of honeysuckle; 0.25Kg of purslane; 0.5Kg of cactus; 0.5Kg of ginkgo leaves; 0.25Kg of chinaberry; 1.5Kg of bone meal; 1Kg of shell powder; 1Kg of grapefruit peel; 1.5Kg of orange peel; 2.5Kg of seaweed meal; 6Kg of peat is fresh.

Example 6: the culture medium of the needle mushroom comprises 50Kg of rice bran; 60Kg of corncobs; 8Kg of corn flour; 8Kg of soybean meal; 32Kg of bran; 20Kg of soybean hulls; 12Kg of beet pulp; 8Kg of cottonseed hulls; 32Kg of peanut shells; 0.3Kg of dyers woad leaf; 0.6Kg of garlic skin; 0.3Kg of honeysuckle; 0.3Kg of purslane; 0.6Kg of cactus; 0.6Kg of ginkgo leaves; 0.3Kg of chinaberry; 1.5Kg of bone meal; 1.5Kg of shell powder; 1.5Kg of shaddock peel; 1.5Kg of orange peel; 3Kg of seaweed meal; 7Kg of peat is fresh.

Example 7: the culture medium of the needle mushroom comprises 30Kg of rice bran; 40Kg of corncobs; 4Kg of corn flour; 4Kg of soybean meal; 20Kg of bran; 12Kg of soybean hulls; 8Kg of beet pulp; 6Kg of cottonseed hulls; 18Kg of peanut shells; 0.2Kg of dyers woad leaf; 0.4Kg of garlic skin; 0.2Kg of honeysuckle; 0.2Kg of purslane; 0.4Kg of cactus; 0.4Kg of ginkgo leaves; 0.2Kg of chinaberry; 1Kg of bone meal; 0.5Kg of shell powder; 0.5Kg of eggshell calcium; 1Kg of grapefruit peel; 1Kg of orange peel; 2Kg of seaweed meal; 5Kg of peat fresh.

Example 8: the culture medium of the needle mushroom comprises 40Kg of rice bran; 50Kg of corncob; 6Kg of corn flour; 6Kg of soybean meal; 26Kg of bran; 16Kg of soybean hulls; 10Kg of beet pulp; 7Kg of cottonseed hulls; 21Kg of peanut shells; 0.25Kg of dyers woad leaf; 0.5Kg of garlic skin; 0.25Kg of honeysuckle; 0.25Kg of purslane; 0.5Kg of cactus; 0.5Kg of ginkgo leaves; 0.25Kg of chinaberry; 1.5Kg of bone meal; 1Kg of shell powder; 1Kg of grapefruit peel; 1.5Kg of orange peel; 2.5Kg of seaweed meal; 6Kg of peat is fresh.

Example 9: the culture medium of the needle mushroom comprises 50Kg of rice bran; 60Kg of corncobs; 8Kg of corn flour; 8Kg of soybean meal; 32Kg of bran; 20Kg of soybean hulls; 12Kg of beet pulp; 8Kg of cottonseed hulls; 24Kg of peanut shells; 0.3Kg of dyers woad leaf; 0.6Kg of garlic skin; 0.3Kg of honeysuckle; 0.3Kg of purslane; 0.6Kg of cactus; 0.6Kg of ginkgo leaves; 0.3Kg of chinaberry; 1.5Kg of bone meal; 1.5Kg of shell powder; 1.5Kg of shaddock peel; 1.5Kg of orange peel; 3Kg of seaweed meal; 7Kg of peat is fresh.

Table 1 shows the recording of the amount of hyphae grown and the growth rate in examples 1 to 9: recording the growth amount and growth speed of hyphae from the 1 st day of inoculation to the 1 st full bottle period of hyphae

Table 1 shows the growth rate and the amount of hyphae of Pleurotus ostreatus in examples 1-9

Table 2 shows growth conditions of mycelia of Flammulina velutipes

In examples 1 to 3, the mass ratio of the peanut shells to the cottonseed shells was 5: 1; example 4-example 6, the mass ratio of peanut hulls to cottonseed hulls was 4: 1; the mass ratio of the peanut shells to the cottonseed shells is 3: 1; as can be seen from the data in tables 1 and 2, the growth rate of hyphae was high in examples 1 to 9, and the average daily growth was 0.71 to 0.732 cm. multidot.d from day 14 to day 29^-1And the growth period is shorter, and the growth vigor of hyphae is better: dense hyphae, white color, strong and thick stem, and low degree of bacterial infection, especially in the case of excessExample 5, the average daily growth was 0.732 cm. multidot.d from day 14 to day 29^-1And the period of growth was 29 days at the minimum, the comparative experiment to be made below was a sample of example 5.

Then, a comparative example is made, and the difference from the example is that the mass ratio of the peanut shells to the cottonseed shells in the comparative example 1 is 6: 1; in the comparative example 2, the mass ratio of the peanut shells to the cottonseed shells is 7: 1; in the comparative example 3, the mass ratio of the peanut shells to the cottonseed shells is 2: 1; comparative example 4 no herb residue was added; comparative example 5 has no peat added.

Comparative example 1

The culture medium of the needle mushroom comprises 40Kg of rice bran; 50Kg of corncob; 6Kg of corn flour; 6Kg of soybean meal; 26Kg of bran; 16Kg of soybean hulls; 10Kg of beet pulp; 7Kg of cottonseed hulls; 42Kg of peanut shells; 0.25Kg of dyers woad leaf; 0.5Kg of garlic skin; 0.25Kg of honeysuckle; 0.25Kg of purslane; 0.5Kg of cactus; 0.5Kg of ginkgo leaves; 0.25Kg of chinaberry; 1.5Kg of bone meal; 1Kg of shell powder; 1Kg of grapefruit peel; 1.5Kg of orange peel; 2.5Kg of seaweed meal; 6Kg of peat is fresh.

Comparative example 2

The culture medium of the needle mushroom comprises 40Kg of rice bran; 50Kg of corncob; 6Kg of corn flour; 6Kg of soybean meal; 26Kg of bran; 16Kg of soybean hulls; 10Kg of beet pulp; 7Kg of cottonseed hulls; 49Kg of peanut shells; 0.25Kg of dyers woad leaf; 0.5Kg of garlic skin; 0.25Kg of honeysuckle; 0.25Kg of purslane; 0.5Kg of cactus; 0.5Kg of ginkgo leaves; 0.25Kg of chinaberry; 1.5Kg of bone meal; 1Kg of shell powder; 1Kg of grapefruit peel; 1.5Kg of orange peel; 2.5Kg of seaweed meal; 6Kg of peat is fresh.

Comparative example 3

The culture medium of the needle mushroom comprises 40Kg of rice bran; 50Kg of corncob; 6Kg of corn flour; 6Kg of soybean meal; 26Kg of bran; 16Kg of soybean hulls; 10Kg of beet pulp; 7Kg of cottonseed hulls; 14Kg of peanut shells; 0.25Kg of dyers woad leaf; 0.5Kg of garlic skin; 0.25Kg of honeysuckle; 0.25Kg of purslane; 0.5Kg of cactus; 0.5Kg of ginkgo leaves; 0.25Kg of chinaberry; 1.5Kg of bone meal; 1Kg of shell powder; 1Kg of grapefruit peel; 1.5Kg of orange peel; 2.5Kg of seaweed meal; 6Kg of peat is fresh.

Comparative example 4

The culture medium of the needle mushroom comprises 40Kg of rice bran; 50Kg of corncob; 6Kg of corn flour; 6Kg of soybean meal; 26Kg of bran; 16Kg of soybean hulls; 10Kg of beet pulp; 7Kg of cottonseed hulls; 28Kg of peanut shells; 0Kg of dyers woad leaf; 0Kg of garlic skin; 0Kg of honeysuckle; 0Kg of purslane; 0Kg of cactus; 0Kg of ginkgo leaves; 0Kg of chinaberry fruit; 1.5Kg of bone meal; 1Kg of shell powder; 1Kg of grapefruit peel; 1.5Kg of orange peel; 2.5Kg of seaweed meal; 6Kg of peat is fresh.

Comparative example 5

The culture medium of the needle mushroom comprises 40Kg of rice bran; 50Kg of corncob; 6Kg of corn flour; 6Kg of soybean meal; 26Kg of bran; 16Kg of soybean hulls; 10Kg of beet pulp; 7Kg of cottonseed hulls; 28Kg of peanut shells; 0.25Kg of dyers woad leaf; 0.5Kg of garlic skin; 0.25Kg of honeysuckle; 0.25Kg of purslane; 0.5Kg of cactus; 0.5Kg of ginkgo leaves; 0.25Kg of chinaberry; 1.5Kg of bone meal; 1Kg of shell powder; 1Kg of grapefruit peel; 1.5Kg of orange peel; 2.5Kg of seaweed meal; 0Kg of peat fresh.

Table 3 shows the growth rate and the amount of hyphae of Pleurotus ostreatus in comparative examples 1-5

Table 4 shows growth conditions of mycelia of Flammulina velutipes

As can be seen from comparison of comparative examples 1 to 3 with examples 1 to 9, the growth rate and growth vigor of the mycelia have obvious correlation with the mass ratio between the peanut shells and the cottonseed hulls, and the growth rate and growth vigor of the mycelia are not favorably affected by increasing the mass ratio of the peanut shells to the cottonseed hulls or decreasing the mass ratio of the peanut shells to the cottonseed hulls (except for the color of the mycelia), and as can be seen from Table 4, the color of the mycelia is better when the mass ratio of the peanut shells to the cottonseed hulls is increased; the mass ratio of the peanut shells to the cottonseed shells is reduced, and the color of hyphae is dark yellow; the peanut shells contain crude fibers, so that the nutritive value is low, but the peanut shells contain vitamin B, the needle mushrooms are natural vitamin B defects, the vitamin B is required to be added from the outside, the peanut shells can meet the requirement of the needle mushrooms on the vitamin B, and the color of hyphae is white and bright; the cottonseed hulls contain crude protein and have high nutritive value, and when the mass ratio of the peanut hulls to the cottonseed hulls is 3-5:1, adding a certain amount of rice bran, corn flour, bean pulp, bran, soybean hull and beet pulp to ensure that the nutrient components of the mycelium culture medium are more reasonably distributed and the growth speed and growth vigor of the mycelium are better.

Comparing comparative example 4 with examples 1 to 9, comparative example 4 has no peat additive; the method has the advantages that part of the cottonseed hulls are replaced by the peanut hulls, and the cotton wool is arranged on the cottonseed hulls, so that the water-locking function of the culture medium is reduced after the cottonseed hulls replace the cottonseed hulls, the water in the culture medium is easy to lose, the growth speed of hyphae is slow due to the fact that the humidity in the culture medium cannot reach the standard, the hyphae are dense, and the stems are thin and weak; the fresh peat has large water-absorbing cells and high water-absorbing capacity, so that the defect can be overcome by adding the fresh peat, the moisture of the culture medium can be well maintained, the moisture loss in the culture medium is prevented, a good humidity environment is maintained in the culture medium, and hyphae grow.

Comparing comparative example 5 with examples 1 to 9, no Chinese herbal medicine was added in comparative example 5; the humidity of the culture medium is high, bacteria are easy to breed, hyphae are infected by the bacteria and get ill, and the most common hyphae are root rot and black spot; the Chinese herbal medicines are added, so that the growth of bacteria in the culture medium can be effectively inhibited, the Chinese herbal medicines are weak in medicine property and less harmful to the golden mushroom, and the quality of the golden mushroom is ensured.

In conclusion, the culture medium uses the peanut shells to replace part of the cottonseed shells, so that the investment cost can be reduced, the economic benefit can be increased, and when the mass ratio of the peanut shells to the cottonseed shells is 3-5:1, the effect is optimal; meanwhile, a certain amount of peat fresh is added into the culture medium, and the peat fresh has a water locking effect, so that the culture medium can maintain a good humidity environment, and hyphae can thrive; in addition, the addition of the Chinese herbal medicines can effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria in the culture medium and reduce diseases caused by bacterial infection of hyphae.

Claims (5)

1. The culture medium for the needle mushrooms is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-50 parts of rice bran; 40-60 parts of corncobs; 4-8 parts of corn flour; 4-8 parts of soybean meal; 20-32 parts of bran; 12-20 parts of soybean hulls; 8-12 parts of beet pulp; 6-8 parts of cottonseed hulls; 2-3 parts of Chinese herbal medicine; 2-3 parts of a calcium additive; 2-3 parts of citrus peel and also comprises peanut shells, the mass of the peanut shells is 3-5 times of that of the cottonseed shells, 5-7 parts of peat fresh, and the Chinese herbal medicines comprise folium isatidis, garlic skins, honeysuckle, purslane, cactus, ginkgo leaves and chinaberry, and the mass ratio of the Chinese herbal medicines is 1:2:1:1:2:2: 1.

2. The flammulina velutipes culture medium according to claim 1, further comprising 2-3 parts of seaweed meal.

3. The needle mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the calcium supplement includes at least one of bone meal, shell meal, and eggshell.

4. The needle mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the citrus peel comprises at least one of grapefruit peel, tangerine peel, orange peel, lemon peel, and mandarin orange peel.

5. A method for preparing a culture medium for needle mushroom according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:

step 1, crushing materials: crushing the corncobs, and sieving the crushed corncobs with a 150-mesh sieve for later use; pulverizing peanut shell and cotton seed shell,

sieving with 100 mesh sieve; drying peat in the sun and crushing to obtain granules with the particle size of 0.2-0.3 mm; mixing citrus fruit

Pulverizing the peel to particle size of 0.2-0.3 mm;

step 2, preparing Chinese herbal medicine residues: folium Isatidis, Bulbus Allii, flos Lonicerae, herba Portulacae, radix et caulis Opuntiae Dillenii, and semen Ginkgo

Mixing the leaves and the chinaberry, crushing, and sieving by a 50-mesh sieve for later use;

step 3, pretreatment of the beet pulp: soaking beet pulp in warm water until the beet pulp expands, and taking out for later use;

step 4, mixing materials: mixing the materials obtained in the steps 1, 2 and 3 with rice bran, corn flour, soybean meal,

Putting the calcium carbonate and the soybean hulls into a stirrer to be stirred until the calcium carbonate and the soybean hulls are uniformly mixed;

step 5, adding water and stirring: adding water into the mixed material obtained in the step 4 and stirring to ensure that the water content reaches

80-90％；

Step 6, sterilization: and (5) sterilizing the needle mushroom culture medium prepared in the step (5).