CN112568060A - Pollution-free culture material and cultivation method for selenium-rich agaricus bisporus - Google Patents
Pollution-free culture material and cultivation method for selenium-rich agaricus bisporus Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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Abstract
A culture material and a cultivation method of pollution-free selenium-rich agaricus bisporus are disclosed, wherein the culture material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-75 parts of rice straw, 45-55 parts of wheat straw, 40-45 parts of dried chicken manure, 8-12 parts of tangerine peel, 8-12 parts of shaddock peel, 25-40 parts of soybean meal, 6-8 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.5-1.5 parts of lime and 15-20 parts of selenium-rich yeast fertilizer. The cultivation process of the pollution-free selenium-rich agaricus bisporus comprises the following steps: pre-wetting raw and auxiliary materials, mixing, stacking, fermenting enzyme bacteria, inoculating, fermenting bacteria, covering soil, fruiting and the like. The culture material realizes the recycling of waste natural resources, and inhibits heavy metals from migrating into edible fungi; the ferment bacteria replaces secondary fermentation, so that the fertility and the fruiting rate of the agaricus bisporus are enhanced, and meanwhile, diseases and insect pests can be better prevented and treated; the selenium content in the mushroom fruiting body is high, and the nutritive value of the agaricus bisporus is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and particularly relates to a culture material of edible fungi and a cultivation method thereof.
Background
The agaricus bisporus, also called white mushroom, belongs to the field of straw rotting fungi and medium and low temperature mushrooms, has white and tender mushroom flesh, delicious taste, rich nutrition, rich protein and polysaccharide, has the supplement effect on vegetable protein, has higher nutrition than common vegetables, and is called as the vegetable flesh. Researches show that polysaccharides and proteins in agaricus bisporus have health care effects of preventing cancers, refreshing, digesting, reducing blood pressure, preventing and treating scurvy and the like, and become the edible fungi which are the most extensive in global artificial cultivation, the highest in yield and the largest in consumption at present.
At present, most of rice straws and wheat straws are discarded or burnt, so that resource waste and air pollution are caused. The main components of the crop straws are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which cannot be directly eaten by human beings, and the added value of the prepared animal feed is low.
At the present stage, more and more heavy metal pollutants are released into the soil and other environments through various ways, so that the soil organisms and plants are directly poisoned, the ecological structure is damaged, and the food chain can be migrated and transformed, so that the human health is harmed. Some researches show that the mushrooms are easy to have excessive heavy metals in the cultivation process, and Karman researches and the like find that agaricus bisporus has stronger enrichment capacity on heavy metals such as Pb, Cd and the like compared with pleurotus eryngii, agrocybe cylindracea and pleurotus geesteranus strains. Therefore, in the process of cultivating the agaricus bisporus, the heavy metals in the compost are passivated and inhibited from migrating into the agaricus bisporus, which is particularly urgent.
Selenium is one of essential trace elements for human body, and the lack of selenium in human body can cause the occurrence of immunity reduction, cancer, keshan disease and Kaschin-Beck disease, and harm to human health. At present, most areas of China belong to selenium-deficient areas, and the health organization of the United nations points out that the dietary intake of selenium is the most ideal selenium supplement mode, however, inorganic selenium has high toxicity and poor stability, is harmful to human bodies due to excessive contact in production and processing, and has low bioavailability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a culture material and a cultivation method for reducing the heavy metal content and improving the organic selenium content of agaricus bisporus sporocarp aiming at the problems in the prior art. The invention takes rice and wheat straws as main materials, and tangerine peel, shaddock peel, soybean meal and other components as auxiliary materials to prepare a culture material, and selenium-rich yeast fertilizer is added into soil covering material turfy soil.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention relates to a pollution-free selenium-rich agaricus bisporus compost which is composed of the following raw material components in parts by weight: 50-75 parts of rice straw, 45-55 parts of wheat straw, 40-45 parts of dried chicken manure, 8-12 parts of tangerine peel, 8-12 parts of shaddock peel, 25-40 parts of soybean meal, 6-8 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.5-1.5 parts of lime and 15-20 parts of selenium-rich yeast fertilizer.
The rice straw and the wheat straw are obtained after pretreatment, and the treatment method comprises the following steps: drying the rice straws and the wheat straws which are not mildewed or rotten until the water content is 10-14 percent, and then crushing the rice straws and the wheat straws into particles by a crusher.
The tangerine peel and the shaddock peel are dried in the sun and then crushed into particles with the diameter of 0.5 cm.
The selenium-rich yeast fertilizer comprises selenium-rich yeast and glucose, and is prepared by adding 25g of selenium-rich yeast powder and 125g of glucose into 50 kg of water.
The invention relates to a cultivation method of pollution-free selenium-rich agaricus bisporus, which comprises the following steps.
(1) Mixing and pre-wetting: preparing the materials according to the proportion of the cultivation material, firstly, respectively adding water into rice straws, wheat straws, dry chicken manure, tangerine peel and shaddock peel for prewetting for 1-3 days, and then mixing; during mixing, rice straws, wheat straws and chicken manure are layered and laid at intervals, tangerine peel, shaddock peel and soybean meal are used as auxiliary materials, and the water content of the premix is 50% -55%.
(2) Fermenting culture materials: and (2) stacking the raw materials subjected to the pre-wet mixing in the step (1) for 12-14 days for decomposing fermentation, wherein the stacking needs to be turned for three times in the period, the first stacking is turned after 3-4 days, the second stacking is turned after 4-5 days, the third stacking is turned after 3-4 days, lime powder and calcium superphosphate are scattered into the mixture, the pH value is adjusted to 7-7.5, the compost is decomposed uniformly by three times of stacking turning, and the primary fermentation is completed. And (3) feeding the fermented compost into a room for secondary fermentation, heating to 60-64 ℃, maintaining for 7-9 h for pasteurization, maintaining the temperature of the compost at 48-52 ℃ for high-temperature culture for 5-6 days, and finally naturally cooling for 1-2 days to finish secondary fermentation.
(3) Inoculation: when the temperature of the compost fermented in the step (2) is reduced to 22-25 ℃, inoculating cultivated agaricus bisporus, mixing the 4/5 strain with the compost, uniformly distributing the mixture on a mushroom bed, flattening and compacting, spreading the rest strain on the surface of the compost, and slightly pressing the strain into the surface of the compost; after inoculation, the surface of the mushroom bed is covered with an agricultural film to prevent the culture material from losing water, holes are properly punctured, moisture and air are preserved, and the relative humidity of the indoor air of the mushroom is kept above 90%.
(4) Spawn running: the cultivation temperature in the agaricus bisporus spawn running cultivation process is controlled to be 20-25 ℃, the water content of the compost is controlled to be 60-63%, and the relative air humidity is controlled to be 80-85%.
(5) And (3) covering soil: the adopted soil covering material is turfy soil, selenium-rich yeast fertilizer is sprayed before use, the water content is 25% -30%, when the hypha in the step (4) grows over the compost, the compost is leveled, and then a layer of turfy soil with the thickness of 3cm is covered; and (3) timely replenishing soil to the exposed hypha part after covering soil, controlling the temperature of the mushroom house at 20-25 ℃ in the early stage, controlling the relative humidity of air at 80-90%, and controlling the temperature of the mushroom house at 14-18 ℃ when the hypha can reach 0.8-1.2 cm of the surface of the covering soil.
(6) Fruiting: and (3) fruiting management can be carried out according to a conventional method after the fruiting body grows out, the temperature in the growth stage of the fruiting body is 10-18 ℃, the water content of the culture material is 65-70%, the relative humidity of air is 85-90%, and the fruiting body of the agaricus bisporus is obtained after cultivation for 6-8 days.
The agaricus bisporus can utilize nutrient components in straws and leaves of various herbaceous plants, hypha of the agaricus bisporus can secrete extracellular enzymes in straw substrates to degrade crude fibers and convert the crude fibers into high-quality protein, and fertilizer value of the straws is fully utilized.
The agaricus bisporus has stronger selenium enrichment capacity, and can convert inorganic selenium into organic selenium.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
(1) According to the invention, the agaricus bisporus compost is prepared by taking the straws, the chicken manure, the tangerine peel and the shaddock peel as raw materials, so that the recycling of waste natural resources is realized to the maximum extent, the produced agaricus bisporus product has high additional value, the social employment is increased, and the agaricus bisporus compost has good economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit.
(2) The prepared agaricus bisporus compost is rich in nutrients, and the turfy soil used as the soil covering material has the advantages of large water holding capacity, loose structure and good air permeability, can meet the requirement of a large amount of water for mushroom development, and is strong and powerful in hypha growth, fast in mushroom body development and high in yield.
(3) The adopted shaddock peel and orange peel are rich in pectin and can be combined with heavy metals to form a complex, so that the migration of the heavy metals to edible fungi is inhibited, and the toxicity of the heavy metals is further slowed down; on one hand, the selenium-rich yeast fertilizer overcomes the pollution damage to the environment and human body caused by directly applying the common selenium fertilizer containing selenite, on the other hand, the absorption and utilization of the agaricus bisporus to the selenium are obviously improved, and the content of the selenium in the mushroom fruiting body is improved.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1.
A pollution-free selenium-rich agaricus bisporus culture material is composed of the following raw material components in parts by weight: 50 parts of rice straw, 45 parts of wheat straw, 40 parts of dried chicken manure, 8 parts of tangerine peel, 12 parts of shaddock peel, 25 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.5 part of lime and 15 parts of selenium-rich yeast fertilizer.
The rice straw and the wheat straw are obtained after pretreatment, and the treatment method comprises the following steps: taking moldy and rotten rice straws and wheat straws, drying the rice straws and the wheat straws in the sun until the water content is 10%, and then crushing the rice straws and the wheat straws into granules by a crusher.
The tangerine peel and the shaddock peel are dried in the sun and then crushed into particles with the diameter of 0.5 cm.
The homemade selenium-rich yeast fertilizer added in the covering soil comprises selenium-rich yeast and glucose, and the specific preparation method is that 25g of selenium-rich yeast powder and 125g of glucose are added into 50 kg of water.
A cultivation method of pollution-free selenium-rich agaricus bisporus comprises the following steps.
(1) Mixing and pre-wetting: respectively adding water into rice straw, wheat straw, dried chicken manure, tangerine peel and shaddock peel, pre-wetting for 1 day, and mixing; during mixing, rice straws, wheat straws and chicken manure are layered and laid at intervals, tangerine peel, shaddock peel and bean pulp are used as auxiliary materials, and the water content of the premix is 50%.
(2) Fermenting culture materials: and (2) stacking the raw materials pre-wetted and mixed in the step (1) for 14 days for decomposing fermentation, wherein the stacking needs to be turned for three times, the first stacking is turned after 3 days, the second stacking is turned after 5 days, the third stacking is turned after 3 days, lime powder and calcium superphosphate are scattered into the mixture, the pH value is adjusted to 7.0, and the three times of stacking are turned to promote the compost to be decomposed uniformly, so that the primary fermentation is completed. And (3) feeding the fermented compost into a room for secondary fermentation, heating to 60 ℃, sterilizing for 9 hours, maintaining the temperature of the compost at 48 ℃, performing high-temperature culture for 5 days, and finally naturally cooling for 1 day to finish the secondary fermentation.
(3) Inoculation: when the temperature of the culture material fermented in the step (2) is reduced to 22 ℃, inoculating cultivated agaricus bisporus, mixing the strain 4/5 with the culture material, uniformly distributing the mixture on a mushroom bed, flattening and compacting, spreading the rest strain on the surface of the culture material, and slightly pressing the strain into the material surface; after inoculation, the surface of the mushroom bed is covered with an agricultural film to prevent the culture material from losing water, holes are properly punctured, moisture and air are preserved, and the relative humidity of the indoor air of the mushroom is kept above 90%.
(4) Spawn running: the cultivation temperature in the agaricus bisporus spawn running cultivation process is controlled to be 20 ℃, the water content of the compost is controlled to be 60%, and the relative air humidity is controlled to be 80%.
(5) And (3) covering soil: the adopted soil covering material is turfy soil, selenium-rich yeast fertilizer is sprayed before use, the water content is 25%, when the hypha in the step (4) grows over the compost, the compost is leveled, and then a layer of turfy soil with the thickness of 3cm is covered; and (3) timely replenishing soil to the positions where the hyphae are exposed after covering soil, controlling the temperature of the mushroom house at 20 ℃ and the humidity at 80% in the early stage, and controlling the temperature of the mushroom house at 14 ℃ when the hyphae can reach the surface of the covering soil by 0.8 cm.
(6) Fruiting: and (3) after the fruiting body grows out, carrying out fruiting management according to a conventional method, wherein the temperature in the growth stage of the fruiting body is 10 ℃, the water content of a culture material is 65%, and the relative humidity of air is 85%, and culturing for 8 days to obtain the agaricus bisporus fruiting body.
Example 2.
A pollution-free selenium-rich agaricus bisporus culture material is composed of the following raw material components in parts by weight: 60 parts of rice straw, 50 parts of wheat straw, 42 parts of dried chicken manure, 10 parts of tangerine peel, 10 parts of shaddock peel, 30 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1.0 part of lime and 18 parts of selenium-rich yeast fertilizer.
The rice straw and the wheat straw are obtained after pretreatment, and the treatment method comprises the following steps: taking the rice straws and wheat straws which are not mildewed and rotten, drying the rice straws and the wheat straws in the sun until the water content is 12 percent, and then crushing the rice straws and the wheat straws into granules by a crusher.
The tangerine peel and the shaddock peel are dried in the sun and then crushed into particles with the diameter of 0.5 cm.
The homemade selenium-rich yeast fertilizer added in the covering soil comprises selenium-rich yeast and glucose, and the specific preparation method is that 25g of selenium-rich yeast powder and 125g of glucose are added into 50 kg of water.
A cultivation method of pollution-free selenium-rich agaricus bisporus comprises the following steps.
(1) Mixing and pre-wetting: respectively adding water into rice straw, wheat straw, chicken manure, tangerine peel and shaddock peel, pre-wetting for 3 days, and mixing; during mixing, rice straws, wheat straws and chicken manure are layered and laid at intervals, tangerine peel, shaddock peel and bean pulp are used as auxiliary materials, and the water content of the premix is 52%.
(2) Fermenting culture materials: stacking the raw materials pre-wetted and mixed in the step (1) for 12 days for decomposing fermentation, wherein the stacking needs to be turned for three times, the first stacking is turned after 4 days, the second stacking is turned after 4 days, the third stacking is turned after 4 days, lime powder and calcium superphosphate are scattered into the mixture, the pH value is adjusted to be 7.5, and the three times of stacking are turned to promote the compost to be decomposed uniformly, so that the primary fermentation is completed; and (3) feeding the fermented compost into a room for secondary fermentation, heating to 62 ℃, sterilizing for 8 hours, maintaining the temperature of the compost at 50 ℃, performing high-temperature culture for 5 days, and finally naturally cooling for 1 day to finish the secondary fermentation.
(3) Inoculation: when the temperature of the culture material fermented in the step (2) is reduced to 23 ℃, inoculating cultivated agaricus bisporus, mixing the strain 4/5 with the culture material, uniformly distributing the mixture on a mushroom bed, flattening and compacting, spreading the rest strain on the surface of the culture material, and slightly pressing the strain into the material surface; after inoculation, the surface of the mushroom bed is covered with an agricultural film to prevent the culture material from losing water, holes are properly punctured, moisture and air are preserved, and the relative humidity of the indoor air of the mushroom is kept above 90%.
(4) Spawn running: the cultivation temperature in the agaricus bisporus spawn running cultivation process is controlled to be 22 ℃, the water content of the compost is controlled to be 62%, and the relative air humidity is controlled to be 83%.
(5) And (3) covering soil: the adopted soil covering material is turfy soil, selenium-rich yeast fertilizer is sprayed before use, the water content is 28%, when the hypha in the step (4) grows over the compost, the compost is leveled, and then a layer of turfy soil with the thickness of 3cm is covered; and (3) timely replenishing soil to the exposed hypha part after covering soil, controlling the temperature of the mushroom house at 22 ℃ in the early stage, controlling the humidity at 83%, and controlling the temperature of the mushroom house at 16 ℃ when the hypha can reach the surface of the covering soil by 1.0 cm.
(6) Fruiting: and (3) after the fruiting body grows out, carrying out fruiting management according to a conventional method, wherein the temperature of the fruiting body in the growth stage is 14 ℃, the water content of the culture material is 68%, and the relative humidity of air is 88%, and culturing for 7 days to obtain the agaricus bisporus fruiting body.
Example 3.
A pollution-free selenium-rich agaricus bisporus culture material is composed of the following raw material components in parts by weight: 75 parts of rice straw, 55 parts of wheat straw, 45 parts of dried chicken manure, 12 parts of tangerine peel, 12 parts of shaddock peel, 40 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1.5 parts of lime and 20 parts of selenium-rich yeast fertilizer.
The rice straw and the wheat straw are obtained after pretreatment, and the treatment method comprises the following steps: taking the rice straws and wheat straws which are not mildewed and rotten, drying the rice straws and the wheat straws in the sun until the water content is 14 percent, and then crushing the rice straws and the wheat straws into granules by a crusher.
The tangerine peel and the shaddock peel are dried in the sun and then crushed into particles with the diameter of 0.5 cm.
The homemade selenium-rich yeast fertilizer added in the covering soil comprises selenium-rich yeast and glucose, and the specific preparation method is that 25g of selenium-rich yeast powder and 125g of glucose are added into 50 kg of water.
A cultivation method of pollution-free selenium-rich agaricus bisporus comprises the following steps.
(1) Mixing and pre-wetting: respectively adding water into rice straw, wheat straw, chicken manure, tangerine peel and shaddock peel, pre-wetting for 2 days, and mixing; during mixing, rice straws, wheat straws and chicken manure are layered and laid at intervals, tangerine peel, shaddock peel and bean pulp are used as auxiliary materials, and the water content of the premix is 55%.
(2) Fermenting culture materials: stacking the raw materials pre-wetted and mixed in the step (1) for 13 days for decomposing fermentation, wherein the stacking needs to be turned for three times, the first stacking is turned after 3 days, the second stacking is turned after 5 days, the third stacking is turned after 3 days, lime powder and calcium superphosphate are scattered into the mixture, the pH value is adjusted to 7.5, and the three times of stacking are turned to promote the compost to be decomposed uniformly, so that the primary fermentation is completed; and (3) feeding the fermented compost into a room for secondary fermentation, raising the temperature to 60 ℃ through boiler steam, sterilizing for 8 hours, maintaining the temperature of the compost at 52 ℃, performing high-temperature culture for 6 days, and finally naturally cooling for 2 days to finish the secondary fermentation.
(3) Inoculation: when the temperature of the culture material fermented in the step (2) is reduced to 25 ℃, inoculating cultivated agaricus bisporus, mixing the strain 4/5 with the culture material, uniformly distributing the mixture on a mushroom bed, flattening and compacting, spreading the rest strain on the surface of the culture material, and slightly pressing the strain into the material surface; after inoculation, the surface of the mushroom bed is covered with an agricultural film to prevent the culture material from losing water, holes are properly punctured, moisture and air are preserved, and the relative humidity of the indoor air of the mushroom is kept above 90%.
(4) Spawn running: the cultivation temperature in the agaricus bisporus spawn running cultivation process is controlled to be 25 ℃, the water content of the compost is controlled to be 63%, and the relative air humidity is controlled to be 85%.
(5) And (3) covering soil: the adopted soil covering material is turfy soil, selenium-rich yeast fertilizer is sprayed before use, the water content is 30%, when the hypha in the step (4) grows over the compost, the compost is leveled, and then a layer of turfy soil with the thickness of 3cm is covered; and (3) timely replenishing soil to the positions where the hyphae are exposed after covering soil, controlling the temperature of the mushroom house at 25 ℃ and the humidity at 90% in the early stage, and controlling the temperature of the mushroom house at 18 ℃ when the hyphae can reach 1.2cm of the surface of the covering soil.
(6) Fruiting: and (3) after the fruiting body grows out, carrying out fruiting management according to a conventional method, wherein the temperature of the fruiting body in the growth stage is 18 ℃, the water content of the culture material is 70%, and the relative humidity of air is 90%, and culturing for 6 days to obtain the agaricus bisporus fruiting body.
Claims (5)
1. A culture material for pollution-free selenium-enriched agaricus bisporus is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-75 parts of rice straw, 45-55 parts of wheat straw, 40-45 parts of dried chicken manure, 8-12 parts of tangerine peel, 8-12 parts of shaddock peel, 25-40 parts of soybean meal, 6-8 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.5-1.5 parts of lime and 15-20 parts of selenium-rich yeast fertilizer.
2. The culture medium of the pollution-free selenium-enriched agaricus bisporus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice straw and the wheat straw are treated by the following method: drying the rice straws and the wheat straws which are not mildewed or rotten until the water content is 10-14%, and then crushing the rice straws and the wheat straws into particles by a crusher.
3. The compost for pollution-free selenium-enriched agaricus bisporus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tangerine peel and the shaddock peel are dried in the sun and then crushed into particles with a diameter of 0.5 cm.
4. The compost for pollution-free selenium-enriched agaricus bisporus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the selenium-enriched yeast fertilizer comprises selenium-enriched yeast and glucose, 25g of selenium-enriched yeast powder and 125g of glucose are added into 50 kg of water.
5. A cultivation method of pollution-free selenium-enriched agaricus bisporus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing the materials according to the proportion of the cultivation material, firstly, respectively adding water into rice straws, wheat straws, dry chicken manure, tangerine peel and shaddock peel for prewetting for 1-3 days, and then mixing; during mixing, rice straws, wheat straws and chicken manure are layered and laid at intervals, tangerine peel, shaddock peel and bean pulp are supplemented in the middle, and the water content of the premix is 50-55%;
(2) stacking the raw materials subjected to the pre-wet mixing in the step (1) for 12-14 days for decomposing fermentation, wherein the stacking needs to be turned for three times in the period, the first stacking is turned after 3-4 days, the second stacking is turned after 4-5 days, the third stacking is turned after 3-4 days, lime powder and calcium superphosphate are scattered into the mixture, the pH value is adjusted to 7-7.5, the compost is decomposed uniformly by three times of stacking turning, and the primary fermentation is completed; feeding the fermented compost into a room for secondary fermentation, heating to 60-64 ℃, maintaining for 7-9 h for pasteurization, maintaining the temperature of the compost at 48-52 ℃, performing high-temperature culture for 5-6 days, and finally naturally cooling for 1-2 days to finish secondary fermentation;
(3) when the temperature of the compost fermented in the step (2) is reduced to 22-25 ℃, inoculating cultivated agaricus bisporus, mixing the 4/5 strain with the compost, uniformly distributing the mixture on a mushroom bed, flattening and compacting, spreading the rest strain on the surface of the compost, and slightly pressing the strain into the surface of the compost; after inoculation, covering the surface of the mushroom bed with an agricultural film to prevent the culture material from losing water, properly puncturing holes, keeping moisture and ventilating, and keeping the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom chamber to be more than 90%;
(4) controlling the cultivation temperature of the agaricus bisporus in the fungus growth cultivation process to be 20-25 ℃, the water content of the compost to be 60-63% and the relative air humidity to be 80-85%;
(5) the adopted soil covering material is turfy soil, selenium-rich yeast fertilizer is sprayed before use, the water content is 25% -30%, when the hypha in the step (4) grows over the compost, the compost is leveled, and then a layer of turfy soil with the thickness of 3cm is covered; soil is timely supplemented to the positions where the hyphae are exposed after covering soil, the temperature of the mushroom house is controlled to be 20-25 ℃ in the early stage, the relative humidity of air is controlled to be 80-90%, when the hyphae can reach 0.8-1.2 cm of the surface of the covering soil, the temperature of the mushroom house is controlled to be 14-18 ℃;
(6) and (3) fruiting management can be carried out according to a conventional method after the fruiting body grows out, the temperature in the growth stage of the fruiting body is 10-18 ℃, the water content of the culture material is 65-70%, the relative humidity of air is 85-90%, and the fruiting body of the agaricus bisporus is obtained after cultivation for 6-8 days.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113170700A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-07-27 | 江苏裕灌现代农业科技有限公司 | Fermentation material for producing agaricus bisporus and preparation method thereof |
| CN114080951A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-02-25 | 河南菌采生物科技有限公司 | Method for earthing and planting agaricus bisporus by using mother strain obtained by tissue separation of wild strain |
| CN116491366A (en) * | 2023-06-29 | 2023-07-28 | 吉林省生物研究所 | Ganoderma lucidum cultivation method capable of reducing heavy metal ion enrichment |
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| CN117136789A (en) * | 2023-10-19 | 2023-12-01 | 吉林农业大学 | Agaricus bisporus culture material prepared by fermenting corn straw and deer manure and preparation method thereof |
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