CN106966659B - 一种耐水抗裂型泡沫混凝土及制备方法 - Google Patents
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
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- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
- C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
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- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐水抗裂型泡沫混凝土及其制备方法,由如下重量份的原料混合拌制而成:水泥220‑350份、微珠90‑180份、弹性颗粒1‑6份、棕榈丝0.30‑0.45份、水60‑160份、防水外加剂2‑9份和泡沫。本发明具有以下特点:采用工业副产物或尾矿粉、废橡胶粉及棕榈丝等原料,利用弹性微粒和纤维复合的多尺度增韧原理,不仅提高了泡沫混凝土的强度和抗裂性能,也利于废弃物资源化利用;采用的防水外加剂与其他材料相容性好,有效提高泡沫混凝土的耐水及耐久性能;所制成的细腻均匀、稳定性好的泡沫,提高了泡沫混凝土的抗渗及热工性能,适用于建筑墙体及屋面保温,以及软土和高水位地区公路的路基回填材料。
Description
一、技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料领域,具体涉及一种可用于建筑围护结构保温以及路基填筑等工程的耐水抗裂型泡沫混凝土。
二、背景技术
泡沫混凝土作为一种由水泥基浆料和泡沫经物理拌合均匀后形成的无机材料,具有轻质性、高流动性、固化后的自立性、低弹减震性、强度可调节性、隔热性等物理力学特性,且施工便捷,多应用于建筑保温隔热、结构减重、公路路基填筑、市政道路加宽及基础置换回填等工程。
在建筑工程中,泡沫混凝土可用作框架结构的填充墙、轻质砌块、混凝土构件芯层以及屋面保温材料;在道路和隧道工程中,为减少工程修建后软土地基的沉降,泡沫混凝土可用于地基土的换填,减轻回填荷载,降低地基应力,显著改善软土路段的工后沉降和不均匀沉降现象。
现今工程中使用的泡沫混凝土,其粉体材料几乎全是水泥,或复掺少量的粉煤灰,经济性差,且难以克服水泥材料自身性能的缺陷;市售发泡剂制成的泡沫质量不稳定,易致使气孔大小不均、连通孔隙增多,造成泡沫混凝土吸水率大、防水性差等问题,尤其是在潮湿或高水位地区,对泡沫混凝土的耐久性影响较大,如遇冻融循环作用甚至会产生粉化现象。同时,泡沫混凝土的收缩变形相对较大,对外界荷载的抗力较弱,大尺寸的填充芯层或构件开裂较为普遍,会大大降低材料的热工性能和强度。
发明内容:
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对上述现有技术的不足,而提供一种泡沫稳定、混凝土吸水率低、抗渗抗裂性强以及耐久性好的耐水抗裂型泡沫混凝土及其制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案是:
一种耐水抗裂型泡沫混凝土,由水泥浆体和泡沫搅拌而成,其特征在于,所述水泥浆体包括以下重量份组分:
所述防水外加剂包括:甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯聚羧酸减水剂60-70份;硫氰酸钠1-3份;甲基硅酸钾、聚合物乳液及聚丙烯酰胺中一种或多种组合25-30份;
所述塑性颗粒的粒径为120-150目。
优选地,所述泡沫由包含以下组分的发泡剂制成:发泡组分12-17份、水70-80份、稳泡组分6-10份;其中:
发泡组分:十二烷基二甲基乙内铵盐、三乙醇胺烷基芳基磺酸盐、椰油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺及烷基糖苷季铵盐中一种或多种组合9-13份;胶原蛋白粉、茶皂素及微生物蛋白液中一种或多种组合2-3份;
稳泡组分:烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯、新戊二醇、羟丙基甲基纤维素、环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷聚醚多元醇、硅树脂聚醚乳液、季戊四醇脂肪酸酯、十一碳烯酸脂肪醇酯中一种或多种组合。
优选地,发泡剂经稀释40~60倍后,通过高压充气打成泡沫。
优选地,所述微珠为80%以上粒径为0.1~2.0μm,低于5%的粒径超过90μm的偏高岭土尾矿、钢渣或废玻璃微粉。
优选地,所述弹性颗粒为废橡胶粉。
优选地,所述植物纤维为棕榈丝,长度为15~25mm,直径为0.05-0.30mm。
优选地,所述聚合物乳液包含:硬脂酸盐或有机硅类17-35份;乙酸乙烯酯-支花羧酸乙烯基酯共聚物、聚丙酸乙烯酯乳液、聚丙烯酰胺、氯乙烯-偏氯乙烯共聚乳液及苯乙烯-再烯酸酯共聚物中一种或多种组合3-8份。
一种制备上述耐水抗裂型用泡沫混凝土的方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
a)制备水泥浆体:将水泥220-350份、微珠90-180份、弹性颗粒1-6份、植物纤维0.30-0.45份、水60-160份、防水外加剂2-9份进行混合搅拌;
b)制备泡沫:将制备的发泡剂10-40份按40-60倍稀释,并通过高压充气的方式打成泡沫;
c)将步骤b)制备的泡沫引入步骤a)制备的水泥浆体中,直至搅拌均匀。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)本发明提出的发泡剂是由离子型和蛋白复合而成(离子型发泡剂发泡能力较强、蛋白类发泡剂稳定性较强),既可降低成本,存储周期长,同时泡沫性能稳定,在浆体中形成气泡的直径均匀,约0.1mm。泡沫剂发泡倍数超过35倍,且泡沫均匀稳定,1h沉降距不超过4mm,泌水量不超过20ml。细腻均匀的泡沫有利于减小泡沫混凝土的吸水率,提高其强度以及耐久性。
(2)水泥浆体的组分中大量使用工业副产物或尾矿粉的微珠,实现资源化利用。
(3)从试验情况看,需要粒径在120-150目左右的废橡胶粉,废橡胶粉颗粒为弹性颗粒,与气泡直径相当,可以减少应力集中,废橡胶粉可以改善新拌混合砂浆的和易性,降低硬化混合砂浆弹性模量、导热系数,提高其泊松比和干燥收缩率,从而提高其抗裂性及抗冻融性。植物纤维(棕榈丝)具有合理的纤维密度及可靠的分散性,可以起到增强、阻裂的效果,提高泡沫混凝土的抗裂性。
(4)甲基硅酸钾、聚合物乳液及聚丙烯酰胺这三个组分可改善硬化后泡沫混凝土的憎水性。这三者相互之间的组合在12-17:70-80:6-10比例下,能显示出较好的防水性能。防水外加剂与水泥发生水化反应产生膨胀晶体,使得混凝土基体的孔隙大幅度降低并改善了孔结构和孔级配,提高了泡沫混凝土基体及内部气孔壁的抗渗能力,有效阻止渗入表层气孔内的高压水的侵蚀,进而提高泡沫混凝土的软化系数,提高其耐水性。其中,固含量40%的酯类聚羧酸减水剂引气较少,不易产生尺寸不规则的大孔径气泡,使得大部分气泡孔径在0.1~0.2mm之间;泡沫混凝土硬化过程中易产生气泡的合并和破裂,硫氰酸钠为早强组分,可以使新拌的泡沫混凝土快速形成结构及强度。
(5)所掺微珠,能更好地分散、填充在水泥熟料颗粒之间,起到密实填充作用,使水泥颗粒能更好地参与水化,较小的粒径也有助于其参与水化,生成更多的水化产物,使得浆体结构更加致密。不仅可以提高泡沫混凝土的流动性,有利于现浇施工;还可以提高其强度,显著降低吸水率;同时,使其具有较高的抗盐侵蚀和抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力,提高耐久性及抗裂能力。
(6)十二烷基二甲基乙内铵盐、三乙醇胺烷基芳基磺酸盐、椰油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺及烷基糖苷季铵盐等表面活性剂抗硬水性好,具有优良的稳定性;试验配制发泡剂时,本发明范围的比例的发泡剂性能好,具有优良的发泡性能且泡沫稳定、细腻,能与各种表面活性剂配伍。复配蛋白组分能改善泡沫的保水性,提高其稳定性。
(7)稳泡组分中,新戊二醇:作为稳定剂,易溶于水、低级醇、低级酮、醚等,具有耐水、耐化学药品、耐候性等性能;环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷聚醚多元醇:耐低温,可以大大减缓发泡剂在低温情况下析出、结晶的不稳定状态。十一碳烯酸脂肪醇酯:良好的稳泡性能,有一定的抗菌性,有利于蛋白成分的稳定。烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯、新戊二醇、羟丙基甲基纤维素、环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷聚醚多元醇、硅树脂聚醚乳液、季戊四醇脂肪酸酯及十一碳烯酸脂肪醇酯等组分能够降低液体表面张力,提高泡沫的粘度,且较好的修复泡沫,提高泡沫在不同环境条件下的稳定性,减少泡沫混凝土连通孔隙的形成。
具体实施方式:
实施例一:
水泥:280份,普通硅酸盐水泥,P·O 42.5R级;
微珠:150份,偏高岭土尾矿粉;
废橡胶粉:3份,细度为120目;
棕榈丝:0.35份,长度为15-25mm;
防水外加剂:3份(甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯聚羧酸减水剂60-70份、硫氰酸钠1-3份、甲基硅酸钾25-30份)
发泡剂:(十二烷基二甲基乙内铵盐9-13份、胶原蛋白粉2-3份)16份、水78份、(脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素)7份。
按以上配比制备发泡剂及400级的泡沫混凝土试块,测得其性能如下:
实施例二:
水泥:320份,普通硅酸盐水泥,P·O 42.5R级;
微珠:110份,偏高岭土尾矿粉和废玻璃粉各55份;
废橡胶粉:2份,细度为120目;
棕榈丝:0.30份,长度为15-25mm;
防水外加剂:5份(甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯聚羧酸减水剂60-70份、硫氰酸钠1-3份、甲基硅酸钾和聚丙烯酰胺25-30)
发泡剂:(椰油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺9-13份、微生物蛋白液2-3份)15份、水70份、(环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷聚醚多元醇、羟丙基甲基纤维素)7份。
按以上配比制备发泡剂及400级的泡沫混凝土试块,测得其性能如下:
实施例三:
水泥:285份,普通硅酸盐水泥,P·O 42.5R级;
微珠:90份,钢渣微粉;
废橡胶粉:5份,细度为130目;
棕榈丝:0.45份,长度为15-25mm;
防水外加剂:4份(甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯聚羧酸减水剂60-70份、硫氰酸钠1-3份、聚合物乳液25-30)
发泡剂:(十二烷基二甲基乙内铵盐和烷基糖苷季铵盐9-13份、茶皂素2-3份)17份、
水80份、(硅树脂聚醚乳液、季戊四醇脂肪酸酯)8份。
按以上配比制备发泡剂及400级的泡沫混凝土试块,测得其性能如下:
实施例四:
水泥:320份,普通硅酸盐水泥,P·O 42.5R级;
微珠:90份,钢渣和废玻璃微粉各45份;
废橡胶粉:3份,细度为140目;
棕榈丝:0.30份,长度为15-25mm;
防水外加剂:7份(甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯聚羧酸减水剂60-70份、硫氰酸钠1-3份、聚合物乳液25-30)
发泡剂:(十二烷基二甲基乙内铵盐和烷基糖苷季铵盐9-13份、胶原蛋白粉2-3份)15份、水75份、(硅树脂聚醚乳液、羟丙基甲基纤维素)7份。
按以上配比制备发泡剂及400级的泡沫混凝土试块,测得其性能如下:
Claims (7)
1.一种耐水抗裂型泡沫混凝土,由水泥浆体和泡沫搅拌而成,其特征在于,所述水泥浆体包括以下重量份组分:
水泥220-350份;
微珠90-180份;
弹性颗粒1-6份;
植物纤维0.30-0.45份;
防水外加剂2-9份;
水60-160份;
所述防水外加剂包括:甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯聚羧酸减水剂60-70份;硫氰酸钠1-3份;甲基硅酸钾、聚合物乳液及聚丙烯酰胺中一种或多种组合25-30份;
所述弹性颗粒的粒径为120-150目;
所述泡沫由包含以下组分的发泡剂制成:发泡组分12-17份、水70-80份、稳泡组分6-10份;其中:
发泡组分:十二烷基二甲基乙内铵盐、三乙醇胺烷基芳基磺酸盐、椰油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺及烷基糖苷季铵盐中一种或多种组合9-13份;胶原蛋白粉、茶皂素及微生物蛋白液中一种或多种组合2-3份;
稳泡组分:烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯、新戊二醇、羟丙基甲基纤维素、环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷聚醚多元醇、硅树脂聚醚乳液、季戊四醇脂肪酸酯、十一碳烯酸脂肪醇酯中一种或多种组合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐水抗裂型泡沫混凝土,其特征在于:发泡剂经稀释40~60倍后,通过高压充气打成泡沫。
3.根据权利要求2所述的耐水抗裂型泡沫混凝土,其特征在于,所述微珠为80%以上粒径为0.1~2.0μm,低于5%的粒径超过90μm的偏高岭土尾矿、钢渣或废玻璃微粉。
4.根据权利要求3所述的耐水抗裂型泡沫混凝土,其特征在于,所述弹性颗粒为废橡胶粉。
5.根据权利要求4所述的耐水抗裂型泡沫混凝土,其特征在于,所述植物纤维为棕榈丝,长度为15~25mm,直径为0.05-0.30mm。
6.根据权利要求3所述的耐水抗裂型泡沫混凝土,其特征在于,所述聚合物乳液包含:硬脂酸盐或有机硅类17-35份;聚丙酸乙烯酯乳液、聚丙烯酰胺及氯乙烯-偏氯乙烯共聚乳液中一种或多种组合3-8份。
7.一种制备权利要求1-6任一所述耐水抗裂型泡沫混凝土的方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
a) 制备水泥浆体:将水泥220-350份、微珠90-180份、弹性颗粒1-6份和植物纤维0.30-0.45份进行干拌,然后加入水60-160份和防水外加剂2-9份的混合液,拌合均匀,控制浆体的流动扩展度为180±20mm;
b) 制备泡沫:将制备的发泡剂10-40份按40-60倍稀释,并通过高压充气的方式打成泡沫,泡沫用量取决于设计的泡沫混凝土容重;
c) 将步骤b)制备的泡沫引入步骤a)制备的水泥浆体中,直至搅拌均匀。
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