CN106842043A - For the method for testing that lithium ion battery safe class is evaluated - Google Patents
For the method for testing that lithium ion battery safe class is evaluated Download PDFInfo
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- CN106842043A CN106842043A CN201611238667.0A CN201611238667A CN106842043A CN 106842043 A CN106842043 A CN 106842043A CN 201611238667 A CN201611238667 A CN 201611238667A CN 106842043 A CN106842043 A CN 106842043A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/3865—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables related to manufacture, e.g. testing after manufacture
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method of testing evaluated for lithium ion battery safe class, including more than three kinds in following six class testings method：Short circuit, overcharge, overdischarge, heating, extruding, acupuncture.Method of testing provided by the present invention possesses advantages below：Method there is provided being verified for different phase lithium ion battery Product Safety；More harsh safety detecting method is proposed, the prediction for lithium ion battery security risk is more targeted；The existing decision method for lithium-ion-power cell Product Safety is supplemented, the suggestion of battery module safe design is proposed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to secondary cell field, and in particular to a kind of method of testing of safety of secondary battery.
Background technology
Lithium-ion-power cell as new-energy automobile core component, its safety issue receives much concern always, then
With the rapid growth of new-energy automobile volume of production and marketing, security incident also has showed increased.According to incompletely statistics, from 2011 by
To the end of the year 2015, there is electric automobile security incident 39 in accumulation both at home and abroad.Security legislation standard is passed through it is possible thereby to infer
Still there is the risk that safety problem occurs in the lithium ion battery product after test.And lithium-ion-power cell is compared to hand
Machine, notebook computer lithium battery energy density it is higher, therefore security risk is also higher.
The danger of lithium ion battery is mainly derived from the following aspects：
(1) risk that lithium ion battery exists in itself：
A. temperature raises the reaction for causing organic solvent and electrode surface, after SEI is destroyed, reacts more violent；
B. the internal resistance of cell causes irreversible heating, and positive pole reduction reaction and negative pole heat production cause reversible heating.To electricity
The research of pond internal short-circuit shows that contact short circuit resistance value is approached with the internal resistance of cell, power output highest, the heat that transcient short circuit time is produced
Amount is most, dangerous maximum.
(2) lithium ion battery manufactures the risk brought：
China's percentage of batteries enterprise is in production scale and technical equipment, manufacturing level, quality management system at this stage
Etc. aspect there is certain gap with Foreign Advanced Lerel, product quality and homogeneity of product and security can not also still fully meet
The use requirement of integral new-energy passenger.
Current standard system cannot ensure that all security risks can be detected effectively.Current standard is essentially all accordance
It is the short circuit of examination criteria, i.e. standard regulation, overcharge, overdischarge, vibration, impact, extruding, collision (falling), acupuncture, hot tank, low
The pilot project electrically, in terms of machinery and environment such as air pressure, temperature cycles, uses and is contemplated that to simulated battery normal
Misuse when applicable cases, it is ensured that product security in these cases.Test event using it is not on fire, do not explode etc. as
By whether criterion, but during actual test, sample is it is possible that bulging, self-heating, smoldering, leakage, emitting
Situations such as Mars, deformation, whether above-mentioned phenomenon can finally cause thermal runaway and blast on fire occurs cannot judge, still there is peace
Full blast danger.Additionally, the battery product for battery production enterprise different phase is, it is necessary to formulate different test events to ensure it
The security verification of product development process.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention establishes lithium ion battery safe class and evaluates mechanism, by three peaces
The method of testing of congruent level carries out security evaluating the product of lithium-ion-power cell enterprise different phase, so as to supplement existing
For the decision method of lithium-ion-power cell Product Safety, and propose the suggestion of battery module safe design.
It is an object of the invention to set up the method for testing that a kind of lithium ion battery safe class is evaluated.
The concrete technical scheme for realizing above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is：
A kind of method of testing evaluated for lithium ion battery safe class, including three kinds in following six class testings method
More than：Short circuit, overcharge, overdischarge, heating, extruding, acupuncture, wherein, carry out the short-circuit resistance of short-circuit test for 0.5m Ω~
5m Ω, it is 25~65 DEG C to carry out the temperature of overcharge test, and electric current is 1C~10C；Carry out the temperature of overdischarge test for -40~
65 DEG C, electric current is 1C~10C；The temperature for heating test is 25 DEG C~150 DEG C, heats the 30~60min of time of test；Squeezed
The extruding degree for pressing test is 10~50%, and temperature is 25~65 DEG C；The speed of lancing test is carried out for 1~150mm/s, is kept
Time is 30min, and temperature is 25~65 DEG C.
Further, lithium ion battery safety status classification is basic, normal, high three-level, lower security by described method of testing
Grade is the product of unknown its security performance, the product to employ safe practice of middle safe class, high safety grade
To have passed through the product of lower security grade and the test of middle safe class；
The test of the lower security grade includes overcharge, heating and acupuncture,
The test of the middle safe class includes short circuit, overcharge, overdischarge and heating,
The test of the high safety grade includes short circuit, overcharge, overdischarge, extruding and acupuncture.
Safe class is set to three-level by the present invention, and the product in development only tests three kinds of acupuncture etc., reduces inspection
Workload is surveyed, test content is also more reasonable.
Wherein, in the test of the lower security grade, the temperature of overcharge test is 25 DEG C, and the temperature for heating test is
130 DEG C, time 60min, the temperature of lancing test are 25 DEG C, acupuncture speed be 1mm/s, 5mm/s, 10mm/s, 25mm/s,
40mm/s、80mm/s、150mm/s.Can realize that friction speed is tested using temperature control type acupuncture squeeze test machine purchased in market.
Wherein, in the test of the middle safe class, the short-circuit resistance for carrying out short-circuit test is 0.5m Ω~5m Ω.Can make
It is adjusted with short-circuit test machine.
Overcharge test and the electric current of overdischarge test are 3C, the time is 30min and 90min；Heating the temperature tested is
150℃。
Wherein, in the test of the high safety grade, the short-circuit resistance for carrying out short-circuit test is 0.5m Ω~5m Ω.
Overcharge and overdischarge test electric current be 3C, 5C and 10C,
Short circuit, overcharge, overdischarge, extruding and lancing test are carried out under 45 DEG C and 65 DEG C of two kinds of temperature conditionss.
In existing method of testing, the test at 25 DEG C is only carried out, and automobile power cell actual environment temperature is up to 60
DEG C or it is subzero, this method of testing more meets the reality of electrokinetic cell.
Wherein, lithium ion single battery to be tested is placed in the explosion-proof type environmental chamber of temperature controllable, and standing 30~
Start test after 60min.
Method of testing proposed by the present invention, the security verification of product is surveyed according to above-mentioned testing process for product
Examination, with the raising of the safe class of product, test event increases and test condition is more harsh, so as to the security to product
Carry out more perfect evaluation and checking.Having passed through the product of above-mentioned test can be divided into elementary, middle and high three safe classes, root
7 danger classes are divided into according to sample situation after test：1) it is unchanged, 2) deformation, 3) surface temperature more than 150 DEG C, 4) emit white
Cigarette (electrolyte ejection), 5) over-emitting black exhaust, 6) it is on fire, 7) blast.
The present invention divides safe class according to test condition, that is, be divided into three safe classes, for low, middle grade,
Unchanged, deformation operator closes safety requirements；For high-grade, unchanged, deformation, surface temperature more than 150 DEG C, emit white cigarette and judge
To meet high safety grade standard.Each safe class is divided into 7 above-mentioned danger classes, and danger classes is more low then to prove safety
Property is better.
Method of testing provided by the present invention possesses advantages below：There is provided for different phase lithium ion battery product peace
The method of full property checking；More harsh safety detecting method is proposed, the prediction for lithium ion battery security risk has more
Targetedly；The existing decision method for lithium-ion-power cell Product Safety is supplemented, battery module safe design is proposed
Suggestion.
Method of testing of the invention can be applied to：
(1) safe class of lithium-ion-power cell is more precisely divided, battery product can be more effectively controlled
Security risk, and for relevant enterprise provides reference frame for the type selecting of battery product；
(2) safe verification method of the lithium-ion-power cell in the different product stage is set up.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the equipment composition schematic diagram for carrying out short circuit, overcharge, heat run；
In figure, 1 is that 2 is short-circuit device, and 3 is charging/discharging apparatus in explosion-proof type environmental cabinet.
Fig. 2 is to test the lithium ion battery overcharge curve for obtaining by test platform embodiment 1；
Fig. 3 is to carry out the video interception before and after pin prick test.
Fig. 4 difference level of security product test flow charts.
Specific embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not limited to the scope of the present invention.
In embodiment, unless otherwise specified, means used are the conventional means in this area.
Battery is divided into three safe classes by the present invention, and the testing process of basic, normal, high three-level is shown in Fig. 1.Below by way of implementation
Example is illustrated.
Embodiment 1：
The new product of unknown its security performance, by following test judgement safe class：
Short-circuit test：
1) at 25 DEG C, be put into a cell in environmental chamber, stand 30min, it is ensured that cell bulk temperature with
Temperature is consistent in environmental chamber；
2) to step 1) in cell carry out short circuit and excite, short-circuit resistance is<0.5m Ω, short circuit duration>10min；
3) the record voltage of short circuit battery, short circuit current and temperature change, before and after test experiments the state of cell and
Weight.
Overcharge test：
1) at 25 DEG C, be put into a cell in environmental chamber, stand 30min, it is ensured that cell bulk temperature with
Temperature is consistent in environmental chamber；
2) to step 1) in cell overcharge being electrically excited, the size of current of overcharge is 1C, overcharge time
Respectively 90min；
3) voltage and temperature change (referring to Fig. 2) of record overcharge battery, the state of cell before and after test experiments
And weight.
Heat run：
1) at 25 DEG C, be put into a cell in environmental chamber, stand 30min, it is ensured that cell bulk temperature with
Temperature is consistent in environmental chamber；
2) to step 1) in cell heat, heating-up temperature be 130 DEG C, the heat time is 60min；
3) voltage and temperature change of record heating battery, the state and weight of cell before and after test experiments.
The equipment of use such as Fig. 1, cell to be tested is placed in explosion-proof type environmental cabinet 1, tests the fixture of short circuit
Short-circuit device 2 is connected with, the electrode connection charging/discharging apparatus 3 of discharge and recharge are tested.
Pin prick test (uses temperature control type acupuncture squeeze test machine purchased in market)：
1) at 25 DEG C, be put into a cell in environmental chamber, stand 30min, it is ensured that cell bulk temperature with
Temperature is consistent in environmental chamber；
2) to step 1) in cell carry out acupuncture, acupuncture speed is 1mm/s；The acupuncture retention time is 30min；
3) voltage and temperature change of record acupuncture battery, the state and weight of cell before and after test experiments.
Lancing test：
1) at 25 DEG C, be put into a cell in environmental chamber, stand 30min, it is ensured that cell bulk temperature with
Temperature is consistent in environmental chamber；
2) to step 1) in cell carry out acupuncture, acupuncture speed is 25mm/s；The acupuncture retention time is 30min；
3) voltage and temperature change of record acupuncture battery, the state and weight of cell before and after test experiments.
Its outward appearance battery occurs in testing：1) unchanged, 2) deformation, is judged to meet lower security classification standard.Occur
Below：3) surface temperature more than 150 DEG C, 4) emit white cigarette (electrolyte ejection), 5) over-emitting black exhaust, 6) (referring to Fig. 3) on fire, 7) it is quick-fried
It is fried；It is judged to not meet lower security classification standard.
Embodiment 2
Using the product of safe practice, by following test judgement safe class：
Heat run：
1) at 25 DEG C, be put into a cell in environmental chamber, stand 30min, it is ensured that cell bulk temperature with
Temperature is consistent in environmental chamber；
2) to step 1) in cell heat, heating-up temperature be 150 DEG C, the heat time is 60min；
3) voltage and temperature change of record heating battery, the state and weight of cell before and after test experiments.
Short-circuit test：
1) at 25 DEG C, be put into a cell in environmental chamber, stand 30min, it is ensured that cell bulk temperature with
Temperature is consistent in environmental chamber；
2) to step 1) in cell carry out short circuit and excite, short-circuit resistance is<5m Ω, short circuit duration>10min；
3) the record voltage of short circuit battery, short circuit current and temperature change, before and after test experiments the state of cell and
Weight.
Overcharge test：
1) at 25 DEG C, be put into a cell in environmental chamber, stand 30min, it is ensured that cell bulk temperature with
Temperature is consistent in environmental chamber；
2) to step 1) in cell carry out overcharge, the size of current of overcharge is 3C, overcharge time difference
It is 30min；
3) voltage and temperature change of record overcharge battery, the state and weight of cell before and after test experiments.
Over-discharge test：
1) at 25 DEG C, be put into a cell in environmental chamber, stand 30min, it is ensured that cell bulk temperature with
Temperature is consistent in environmental chamber；
2) to step 1) in cell carry out overdischarge, the size of current of overdischarge is 3C, overdischarge electricity time point
Wei not 30min；
3) voltage and temperature change of record overdischarge battery, the state and weight of cell before and after test experiments.
Battery outward appearance in testing occurs：1) it is unchanged, 2) deform, be judged to meet middle safe class standard.Occur
Below：3) surface temperature more than 150 DEG C, 4) emit white cigarette (electrolyte ejection), 5) over-emitting black exhaust, 6) it is on fire, 7) blast；It is judged to not
Meet middle safe class standard.
The equipment of use is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
The product of low, middle safety test is passed through, whether high safety grade has been met by following test judgement.Test specimen
It is with a collection of product.
1) at 45 DEG C, be put into a cell in environmental chamber, stand 60min, it is ensured that cell bulk temperature with
Temperature is consistent in environmental chamber；
2) to step 1) in cell carry out short circuit, short-circuit resistance is<5m Ω, short circuit duration>10min；
3) the record voltage of short circuit battery, short circuit current and temperature change, before and after test experiments the state of cell and
Weight.
65 DEG C of short-circuit tests：
1) at 65 DEG C, step 3 is placed through in environmental chamber) cell, stand 60min, it is ensured that cell is whole
Temperature is consistent with temperature in environmental chamber；
2) to step 4) in cell carry out short circuit, short-circuit resistance is 3m Ω, short circuit duration>10min；
3) the record voltage of short circuit battery, short circuit current and temperature change, before and after test experiments the state of cell and
Weight.
45 DEG C of pin prick tests：
1) at 45 DEG C, be put into a cell in environmental chamber, stand 30min, it is ensured that cell bulk temperature with
Temperature is consistent in environmental chamber；
2) to step 1) in cell carry out acupuncture, acupuncture speed is 25mm/s；The acupuncture retention time is 30min；
3) voltage and temperature change of record acupuncture battery, the state and weight of cell before and after test experiments.
65 DEG C of pin prick tests：
1) at 65 DEG C, one is put into environmental chamber by 45 DEG C of batteries of lancing test, stands 30min, it is ensured that monomer
Battery bulk temperature is consistent with temperature in environmental chamber；
2) to step 1) in cell carry out acupuncture, acupuncture speed is 25mm/s；The acupuncture retention time is 30min；
3) voltage and temperature change of record acupuncture battery, the state and weight of cell before and after test experiments
45 DEG C of extruding tests：(using temperature control type acupuncture squeeze test machine)
1) at 45 DEG C, be put into a cell in environmental chamber, stand 30min, it is ensured that cell bulk temperature with
Temperature is consistent in environmental chamber；
2) to step 1) in cell extrude, extrusion speed is 5mm/s；Extruding degree is 15%；Extruding is protected
The time is held for 30min；
3) voltage and temperature change of record extruding battery, the state and weight of cell before and after test experiments.
65 DEG C of extruding tests：
1) at 65 DEG C, 45 DEG C of cells of extruding are placed through in environmental chamber, stand 30min, it is ensured that monomer
Battery bulk temperature is consistent with temperature in environmental chamber；
2) to step 1) in cell extrude, extrusion speed is 5mm/s；Extruding degree is 50%；Extruding is protected
The time is held for 30min；
3) voltage and temperature change of record extruding battery, the state and weight of cell before and after test experiments.
Overcharge discharge test：
1) at 45 DEG C, be put into a cell in environmental chamber, stand 60min, it is ensured that cell bulk temperature with
Temperature is consistent in environmental chamber；
2) to step 1) in cell carry out overcharge, the size of current of overcharge is 3C, overcharge time difference
It is 30min；
3) voltage and temperature change of record overcharge battery, the state and weight of cell before and after test experiments.
4) to step 1) in cell carry out overdischarge, the size of current of overdischarge is 3C, overdischarge electricity time point
Wei not 30min；
5) voltage and temperature change of record overdischarge battery, the state and weight of cell before and after test experiments.
65 DEG C of overcharge tests：
1) at 65 DEG C, be put into a cell in environmental chamber, stand 30min, it is ensured that cell bulk temperature with
Temperature is consistent in environmental chamber；
2) to step 1) in cell carry out overcharge, the size of current of overcharge is 3C, overcharge time difference
It is 30min；
3) voltage and temperature change of record overcharge battery, the state and weight of cell before and after test experiments.
4) to step 1) in cell carry out overdischarge, the size of current of overdischarge is 3C, overdischarge electricity time point
Wei not 30min；
5) voltage and temperature change of record overdischarge battery, the state and weight of cell before and after test experiments.
Battery outward appearance in testing occurs：1) it is unchanged, 2) deformation, 3) surface temperature more than 150 DEG C, 4) emit white cigarette
(electrolyte ejection) is judged to meet high safety grade standard.Occur following：5) over-emitting black exhaust, 6) on fire, 7) blast；It is judged to not
Meet high safety grade standard.
Embodiment above is only that the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described, and not the scope of the present invention is entered
Row is limited, and on the premise of design spirit of the present invention is not departed from, this area ordinary skill technical staff is to technical side of the invention
The all variations and modifications that case is made, all should fall into the protection domain of claims of the present invention determination.
Claims (7)
1. it is a kind of for lithium ion battery safe class evaluate method of testing, it is characterised in that including following six class testing side
More than three kinds in method：Short circuit, overcharge, overdischarge, heating, extruding, acupuncture,
Wherein, the short-circuit resistance of short-circuit test is carried out for 0.5m Ω~5m Ω, carries out the temperature of overcharge test for 25~65 DEG C,
Electric current is 1C~10C；It is -40~65 DEG C to carry out the temperature of overdischarge test, and electric current is 1C~10C；Heating the temperature tested is
25 DEG C~150 DEG C, heat the 30~60min of time of test；The extruding degree for carrying out extruding test is 10~50%, and temperature is 25
~65 DEG C；The speed of lancing test is carried out for 1~150mm/s, the retention time is 30min, temperature is 25~65 DEG C.
2. method of testing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by lithium ion battery safety status classification for it is low, in,
Three-level high, lower security grade is the product of unknown its security performance, the product to employ safe practice of middle safe class,
The product to have passed through lower security grade and the test of middle safe class of high safety grade；
The test of the lower security grade includes overcharge, heating and acupuncture,
The test of the middle safe class includes short circuit, overcharge, overdischarge and heating,
The test of the high safety grade includes short circuit, overcharge, overdischarge, extruding and acupuncture.
3. method of testing according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in the test of the lower security grade, overcharge electrical measurement
The temperature of examination is 25 DEG C, and the temperature for heating test is 130 DEG C, time 60min, and the temperature of lancing test is 25 DEG C, acupuncture speed
It is 1mm/s, 5mm/s, 10mm/s, 25mm/s, 40mm/s, 80mm/s, 150mm/s.
4. method of testing according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in the test of the middle safe class, carry out short circuit
The short-circuit resistance of test is 0.5m Ω~5m Ω；
Overcharge test and the electric current of overdischarge test are 3C, the time is 30min and 90min；The temperature for heating test is 150
℃。
5. method of testing according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in the test of the high safety grade, carry out short circuit
The short-circuit resistance of test is 0.5m Ω~5m Ω.
6. method of testing according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in the test of the high safety grade, overcharge and
Overdischarge test electric current be 3C, 5C and 10C,
Short circuit, overcharge, overdischarge, extruding and lancing test are carried out under 45 DEG C and 65 DEG C of two kinds of temperature conditionss.
7. according to any described method of testing of claim 1~6, it is characterised in that lithium ion single battery to be tested is put
In the explosion-proof type environmental chamber of temperature controllable, test is started after standing 30~60min.
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| CN107677968A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-02-09 | 中国汽车技术研究中心 | A kind of battery thermal runaway and thermal runaway extend test system |
| CN107796441A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2018-03-13 | 南阳防爆电气研究所有限公司 | A kind of explosion preventing lithium ion power accumulator supply unit safety detection method |
| CN110222958A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-09-10 | 天津大学 | A kind of lithium battery fire risk assessment system and method |
| CN110244230A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2019-09-17 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Cell safety discrimination method, internal short-circuit hazard rating setting method and warning system |
| CN111983481A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-11-24 | 苏州安靠电源有限公司 | Lithium battery overdischarge testing method |
| CN112114260A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-12-22 | 中汽研汽车检验中心（天津）有限公司 | Method for testing and evaluating overcharge stability of lithium ion battery monomer |
| CN112557923A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-26 | 上海电器科学研究所（集团）有限公司 | Battery overdischarge test method |
| CN113049971A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-06-29 | 国联汽车动力电池研究院有限责任公司 | Internal short-circuit current testing method and system for power battery |
| CN113533972A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-10-22 | 万向一二三股份公司 | Lithium ion battery hazard grade judgment method and intelligent judgment system |
| IT202100014435A1 (en) | 2021-06-03 | 2022-12-03 | Iveco Spa | METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE SAFETY STATUS (SOS) OF A RECHARGEABLE BATTERY |
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