CN112886082B - Power battery thermal runaway early warning method and device, electronic equipment and medium - Google Patents
Power battery thermal runaway early warning method and device, electronic equipment and medium Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/488—Cells or batteries combined with indicating means for external visualization of the condition, e.g. by change of colour or of light density
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of power batteries, and particularly provides a power battery thermal runaway early warning method, a power battery thermal runaway early warning device, electronic equipment and a medium. The power battery thermal runaway early warning method comprises the following steps: determining the thermal runaway grade of the power battery according to the battery voltage, the battery temperature and the battery expansion force; and performing thermal runaway early warning on the power battery according to the thermal runaway grade of the power battery. The invention adds an important judgment basis of the expansion force of the battery on the basis of the traditional thermal runaway early warning according to the voltage and the temperature of the battery, determines the thermal runaway grade according to the voltage, the temperature and the expansion force of the battery, and then carries out corresponding thermal runaway early warning according to the grade. The method can effectively judge whether the thermal runaway of the power battery occurs, give out an alarm signal before the battery has obvious thermal runaway, and carry out different early warnings aiming at different thermal runaway grades, so that a user can conveniently adopt corresponding coping strategies according to different thermal runaway grades.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power batteries, in particular to a power battery thermal runaway early warning method and device, electronic equipment and a medium.
Background
In the past decades, the domestic new energy automobile industry has been developed greatly, in 2018 and 2019, the sales of new energy automobiles in China reach 125.6 thousands and 120.6 thousands respectively, and the new energy automobiles are the first to live in the world for four consecutive years. By the forecast of 2025, the new energy automobile sales volume of China strives to account for 20% of the total automobile sales volume. Therefore, the new energy automobile is a key development direction in the next decades as a core driving force for transformation and upgrading of the automobile industry.
However, in recent years, new energy vehicles are in a continuously increasing situation of fire accidents, and the fire safety accidents of different vehicle types and different application scenes are increasing, which has become an important obstacle for the large-scale popularization and application of electric vehicles. The comprehensive analysis of various electric automobile fire accidents and potential causes thereof has the following typical characteristics on the whole: (1) the accident vehicle type has diversity and covers various vehicle types such as passenger vehicles, electric motor coaches, special vehicles and the like; (2) accidents show high correlation with seasons (ambient temperature), summer being a high-incidence season of accidents; (3) the accident source has high correlation with a power battery, the power battery is used as a core power source of the electric automobile, and a plurality of electric automobile fire accidents are directly related to the power battery; (4) the induction reasons are fuzzy, a plurality of accident clues disappear along with the burning of fire, and the accurate positioning of the accident source has great technical difficulty.
By counting the state of the electric automobile in the process of firing and analyzing the possible accident reasons, the firing accidents caused by the thermal runaway of the lithium ion power battery in various firing accidents of the electric automobile are known to account for a large proportion. In the event, the occurrence process mainly comprises three stages of 'the thermal runaway inducement accumulation of the battery monomer', 'the thermal runaway occurrence of the battery monomer' and 'the thermal runaway diffusion of the battery system'. In order to improve the safety of the power battery system, the three stages are required to be monitored, prevented and controlled step by step. One important link is to give an accurate warning when the battery is out of control due to heat, and give clear signals to passengers to reserve enough time for handling accident vehicles and escaping.
In the existing judging method adopted in the industry for early warning of thermal runaway of the battery, the judgment is mainly carried out according to temperature, voltage, gas, smoke and the like, for example, the thermal runaway of the battery can be judged when the combination of the temperature and the voltage meets the following conditions: the voltage drop and the temperature change rate both exceed respective set values; the highest temperature and the temperature change rate both exceed respective set values. Besides, the method also comprises the following steps that when the concentration of certain gases or smog reaches a certain value, the thermal runaway of the battery can be judged: when CO and H are detected in the battery system2Etc. or a significant change in the composition of the gas or the generation of a large amount of smoke. However, when the battery reaches the above conditions, the battery has already undergone significant thermal runaway, so that it is necessary to develop a more effective means for giving an alarm signal before significant thermal runaway of the battery occurs.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a thermal runaway early warning method, a thermal runaway early warning device, electronic equipment and a medium for a power battery, so that an alarm signal can be given out before the battery is subjected to obvious thermal runaway.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a power battery thermal runaway early warning method, which comprises the following steps:
determining the thermal runaway grade of the power battery according to the battery voltage, the battery temperature and the battery expansion force;
and performing thermal runaway early warning on the power battery according to the thermal runaway grade of the power battery.
As a further preferable technical solution, the determining a thermal runaway level of the power battery according to the battery voltage, the battery temperature and the battery expansion force includes:
and determining the thermal runaway grade of the power battery according to the battery voltage change value, the battery temperature change rate and the battery expansion force change value.
As a further preferable technical solution, the determining a thermal runaway level of the power battery according to the battery voltage change value, the battery temperature change rate, and the battery expansion force change value includes:
if at least two of the battery voltage change value, the battery temperature change rate and the battery expansion force change value exceed respective preset values, judging that the power battery is out of control due to heat; and then determining the thermal runaway grade of the power battery according to the condition category exceeding the preset value.
As a further preferable technical solution, the determining a thermal runaway level of the power battery according to the battery voltage change value, the battery temperature change rate, and the battery expansion force change value includes:
if the battery expansion force change value exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value and the battery voltage change value exceeds the battery initial voltage with a set proportion, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is one grade;
if the expansion force change value of the battery exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value and the battery temperature exceeds the battery temperature threshold value, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is in a second grade;
if the expansion force change value of the battery exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value, the temperature change rate of the battery exceeds the temperature change rate threshold value, and the exceeding time is higher than the time threshold value, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is three grades;
if the battery expansion force change value exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value, the battery voltage change value exceeds the battery initial voltage with a set proportion, the battery temperature change rate exceeds the temperature change rate threshold value, and the exceeding time is higher than the time threshold value, and the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is determined to be four levels;
and if the battery expansion force change value exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value, the battery temperature exceeds the battery temperature threshold value, the battery temperature change rate exceeds the temperature change rate threshold value, the exceeding time is higher than the time threshold value, and the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is determined to be five grade.
As a further preferable technical scheme, the threshold value of the expansion force variation value is 1500-2500N.
As a further preferable technical solution, the battery initial voltage of the set proportion is 15% to 25% of the battery initial voltage.
As a further preferred technical scheme, the threshold value of the temperature change rate is 1-5 ℃ for 5 s.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a power battery thermal runaway early warning device, including:
the power battery thermal runaway grade determining module is used for determining the thermal runaway grade of the power battery according to the battery voltage, the battery temperature and the battery expansion force;
and the thermal runaway early warning module is used for carrying out thermal runaway early warning on the power battery according to the thermal runaway grade of the power battery.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising:
at least one processor; and
a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method described above.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a medium having stored thereon computer instructions for causing the computer to perform the method described above.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the thermal runaway early warning method for the power battery provided by the invention determines the thermal runaway grade of the power battery according to the battery voltage, the battery temperature and the battery expansion force; and then carrying out thermal runaway early warning on the power battery according to the thermal runaway grade of the power battery. The inventor of the invention researches and discovers that when the battery is out of control thermally, gas is generated in the battery and expands along with the positive electrode and the negative electrode, so that the expansion force of the battery is increased, and when the expansion force of the battery is smaller than the opening pressure of a pressure relief valve of a square or cylindrical battery and the rupture pressure of an aluminum plastic film of a soft package battery, the expansion force is continuously increased and the characteristic changes earlier than the voltage and the temperature of the battery; in addition, the expansion force is collected conveniently, quickly and accurately, the temperature is collected inconveniently and is slower than the expansion force, and certain delay exists, so that the change of the expansion force of the battery is shown earlier in the early stage of thermal runaway. Therefore, the invention combines the battery voltage, the battery temperature and the battery expansion force, specifically according to the battery voltage change value, the battery temperature change rate and the battery expansion force change value, and combines the sequence, emergency, thermal runaway severity and early warning accuracy of the four aspects when the thermal runaway actually occurs, determines the thermal runaway grade of five grades, and then carries out corresponding thermal runaway early warning according to the grade.
The method can effectively judge whether the thermal runaway of the power battery occurs, give out an alarm signal before the battery has obvious thermal runaway, and carry out different early warnings aiming at different thermal runaway grades, so that a user can conveniently adopt corresponding coping strategies according to different thermal runaway grades.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a power battery thermal runaway early warning method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the temperature, voltage and expansion force changes during the thermal runaway of overcharge of a 25Ah square hard-shell lithium iron phosphate 5 graphite battery of the invention;
FIG. 3 shows a 37Ah square hard shell Ni of the present invention0.5Co0.2Mn0.3A ternary material 5 graphite battery overcharge thermal runaway temperature, voltage and expansion force change diagram;
FIG. 4 shows a 37Ah square hard shell Ni of the present invention0.5Co0.2Mn0.3A ternary material 5 graphite battery heating thermal runaway temperature, voltage and expansion force change diagram;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a power battery thermal runaway early warning device provided in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 501-a power battery thermal runaway grade determining module; 502-thermal runaway pre-warning module; 601-a processor; 602-a memory; 603-an input device; 604-output means.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a thermal runaway early warning method for a power battery provided in this embodiment, where this embodiment is suitable for thermal runaway early warning of a power battery in a normal placement state, a charge state, and a discharge state. The method can be executed by a power battery thermal runaway early warning device which can be formed by software and 5 or hardware and is generally integrated in electronic equipment.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a power battery thermal runaway early warning method, which includes the following steps:
and S110, determining the thermal runaway grade of the power battery according to the battery voltage, the battery temperature and the battery expansion force.
It should be noted that:
the "battery voltage" refers to the difference between the positive electrode potential and the negative electrode potential of the battery. The battery voltage can be acquired by adopting a voltage sensor.
The above-mentioned "battery temperature" refers to the temperature of the battery surface, including at least one of the battery positive electrode temperature, the battery negative electrode temperature, or the battery case temperature, for example: the battery positive electrode temperature, the battery negative electrode temperature, the battery case temperature, the battery positive electrode temperature and the battery negative electrode temperature, the battery negative electrode temperature and the battery case temperature, the battery positive electrode temperature and the battery case temperature, or the battery positive electrode temperature, the battery negative electrode temperature and the battery case temperature are preferably the battery positive electrode temperature, the battery negative electrode temperature and the battery case temperature. When the battery temperature is more than two of the battery anode temperature, the battery cathode temperature or the battery shell temperature, the higher temperature value is taken as the standard. The battery temperature can be acquired by adopting a temperature sensor.
The above-mentioned "battery swelling force" refers to the pressure at the side of the battery case in the battery module or in the battery pack. The expansion force of the battery can be acquired by adopting a pressure sensor.
Optionally, determining a thermal runaway level of the power battery according to the battery voltage, the battery temperature and the battery expansion force, including:
if the expansion force of the battery exceeds the expansion force threshold value, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is one grade;
if the battery voltage exceeds a battery voltage threshold, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is in a second grade;
and if the battery temperature exceeds the battery temperature threshold, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is three grades.
Optionally, the above expansion force threshold value takes a corresponding value according to the state of the battery; the voltage threshold value of the battery takes corresponding numerical values according to the type and the kind of the battery; the above battery temperature threshold takes a corresponding value, for example 75-85 ℃, depending on the maximum service temperature specified by the battery manufacturer.
In the above manner of determining the thermal runaway of the power battery, only the battery temperature (i.e. the current temperature of the battery) is considered, and in practical situations, if the battery temperature changes too fast, there is a risk of thermal runaway. Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the determining the thermal runaway level of the power battery according to the battery voltage, the battery temperature and the battery expansion force comprises:
and determining the thermal runaway grade of the power battery according to the battery voltage change value, the battery temperature change rate and the battery expansion force change value.
It should be noted that:
the battery voltage change value refers to a difference value between the current-time voltage of the battery and the voltage of the battery at the previous adjacent time, and is acquired by a voltage sensor.
The above-mentioned "battery temperature change rate" refers to a transient change rate of the battery surface temperature, including at least one of a battery positive electrode temperature change rate, a battery negative electrode temperature change rate, or a battery case temperature change rate, for example: the battery positive temperature change rate, the battery negative temperature change rate, the battery case temperature change rate, the battery positive temperature change rate and the battery negative temperature change rate, the battery negative temperature change rate and the battery case temperature change rate, the battery positive temperature change rate and the battery case temperature change rate, or the battery positive temperature change rate, the battery negative temperature change rate and the battery case temperature change rate. When the battery temperature change rate is more than two of the battery anode temperature change rate, the battery cathode temperature change rate or the battery shell temperature change rate, the higher temperature change rate value is taken as the standard. The battery temperature change rate can be acquired by a temperature sensor.
The "battery expansion force variation value" refers to a difference value between the current expansion force of the battery and the initial expansion force of the battery. The initial expansion force of the battery refers to the normal expansion force under the condition that the battery is not subjected to abnormal conditions such as thermal runaway and the like under different states, wherein the different states comprise a normal placing state, a charging state, a discharging state and the like. The initial expansion force of the battery may take a corresponding value according to the type and kind of the battery, and the initial expansion force generally increases gradually as the aging state of the battery increases. Generally speaking, the expansion force variation value of the battery caused by the environmental temperature variation is 20-80N in the normal placement state, and the expansion force variation value of the battery is 100-1000N in the normal charging and discharging state.
Optionally, the determining a thermal runaway level of the power battery according to the battery voltage change value, the battery temperature change rate and the battery expansion force change value includes:
if the expansion force change value of the battery exceeds the expansion force change value threshold, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is one grade;
if the battery pressure change value exceeds the battery pressure change value threshold, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is in a second grade;
and if the battery temperature exceeds the battery temperature threshold value or the battery temperature change rate exceeds the temperature change rate threshold value, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is three grades.
In order to further improve the accuracy of the determination, in a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the determining a thermal runaway level of the power battery according to a battery voltage variation value, a battery temperature variation rate, and a battery expansive force variation value includes:
if at least two of the battery voltage change value, the battery temperature change rate and the battery expansion force change value exceed respective preset values, judging that the power battery is out of control due to heat; and then determining the thermal runaway grade of the power battery according to the condition category exceeding the preset value.
It should be noted that:
the above-mentioned "at least two items" refer to at least two items among a battery voltage change value, a battery temperature change rate, and a battery swelling force change value, for example: the battery temperature, the battery swelling force, the battery temperature change rate, the battery voltage change value, the battery temperature change rate, the battery swelling force change value and the like.
The "condition type" refers to the above battery voltage variation value, battery temperature variation rate, or battery swelling force variation value, which is obtained according to the actual situation exceeding the preset value.
Optionally, if at least two of the battery voltage change value, the battery temperature change rate and the battery expansion force change value exceed respective preset values, determining that the power battery is out of thermal control; and then determining the thermal runaway grade of the power battery according to the condition category exceeding the preset value, wherein the step comprises the following steps:
if the battery expansion force change value exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value and the battery voltage change value exceeds the battery initial voltage with a set proportion, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is one grade;
if the expansion force change value of the battery exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value and the battery temperature exceeds the battery temperature threshold value, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is in a second grade;
if the expansion force change value of the battery exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value, the temperature change rate of the battery exceeds the temperature change rate threshold value, and the exceeding time is higher than the time threshold value, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is three grades;
and if the battery voltage change value exceeds the initial battery voltage with a set proportion, the battery temperature change rate exceeds the temperature change rate threshold and the exceeding time is higher than the time threshold, and the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is determined to be four levels.
And determining the thermal runaway grade of the power battery according to the conditions, wherein the thermal runaway grade is more consistent with the actual condition and higher in early warning accuracy compared with the thermal runaway grade determined by only adopting one index. However, there is still some room for improvement in the alternative method for reflecting the severity of the thermal runaway and the early warning accuracy, and therefore in a preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, the determining the thermal runaway level of the power battery according to the battery voltage variation value, the battery temperature variation rate and the battery swelling force variation value includes:
if the battery expansion force change value exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value and the battery voltage change value exceeds the battery initial voltage with a set proportion, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is one grade;
if the expansion force change value of the battery exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value and the battery temperature exceeds the battery temperature threshold value, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is in a second grade;
if the expansion force change value of the battery exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value, the temperature change rate of the battery exceeds the temperature change rate threshold value, and the exceeding time is higher than the time threshold value, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is three grades;
if the battery expansion force change value exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value, the battery voltage change value exceeds the battery initial voltage with a set proportion, the battery temperature change rate exceeds the temperature change rate threshold value, and the exceeding time is higher than the time threshold value, and the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is determined to be four levels;
and if the battery expansion force change value exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value, the battery temperature exceeds the battery temperature threshold value, the battery temperature change rate exceeds the temperature change rate threshold value, the exceeding time is higher than the time threshold value, and the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is determined to be five grade.
According to the optimal implementation mode, the severity of the actual power battery after thermal runaway is fully considered, grading early warning is performed according to the severity, and the accuracy and the reliability of the early warning are remarkably improved.
It should be noted that:
the "initial voltage" mentioned above refers to the voltage of the battery at the time of full charge.
Preferably, the threshold value of the change in expansion force is 1500-. The threshold change in expansion force is typically, but not limited to, 1500N, 1600N, 1700N, 1800N, 1900N, 2000N, 2100N, 2200N, 2300N, 2400N, or 2500N. Through extensive research by the inventors, it is found that when the threshold value of the change in expansion force is within the above range, it can indicate that the battery has a higher risk of thermal runaway. If the threshold value is too small, the thermal runaway cannot be fully explained due to the change of normal expansion force in the battery generally; if the threshold value is too large, the battery is proved to have obvious thermal runaway, judgment is carried out by means of the too large threshold value, early warning sending time is delayed undoubtedly, and timely early warning is not good.
Preferably, the set proportion of the initial voltage of the battery is 15% -25% of the initial voltage of the battery. The set percentage of the initial voltage of the cell is typically, but not limited to, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, or 25% of the initial voltage of the cell. When the initial voltage of the battery with the set proportion is in the range, the change value of the voltage of the battery is larger, and the risk of thermal runaway is larger; if the initial voltage of the battery with the set proportion is too small, the thermal runaway of the battery cannot be reflected mainly due to the voltage change caused by the normal operation of the battery; if the initial voltage of the battery with the set proportion is too large, the battery is proved to have obvious thermal runaway, judgment is carried out by means of too large numerical values, the time for sending out early warning is delayed undoubtedly, and timely early warning is not good.
Preferably, the threshold rate of temperature change is 1-5 ℃ for 5 s. The threshold temperature rate of change is typically, but not limited to, 1 ℃ 5s, 2 ℃ 5s, 3 ℃ 5s, 4 ℃ 5s, or 5 ℃ 5 s. When the temperature change rate threshold is in the range, the temperature change of the battery is relatively fast, and the thermal runaway risk is relatively high; if the temperature change rate threshold is too small, the thermal runaway of the battery cannot be reflected mainly due to the temperature change in the normal working process of the battery; if the temperature change rate threshold value is too large, the battery is proved to have obvious thermal runaway, judgment is carried out by means of the too large threshold value, early warning sending time is delayed undoubtedly, and timely early warning is not good.
Optionally, the time threshold is 2.5-3.5 s. The time threshold is typically, but not limited to, 2.5s, 2.6s, 2.7s, 2.8s, 2.9s, 3s, 3.1s, 3.2s, 3.3s, 3.4s, or 3.5 s.
And S120, performing thermal runaway early warning on the power battery according to the thermal runaway grade of the power battery.
The thermal runaway early warning in this embodiment shows that the severity of thermal runaway is gradually improved along with the improvement of the thermal runaway grade, and in practice, different early warning modes can be adopted according to the difference of the thermal runaway grade during early warning, for example: if the buzzer is adopted during early warning, different thermal runaway grades can be reflected through different tones; if light is adopted during early warning, different thermal runaway grades can be reflected through different light colors. The embodiment does not particularly limit the specific form of the pre-warning, and any one of the pre-warnings that can be realized in the field can be adopted, for example, a sound pre-warning, a light pre-warning, a sound and light pre-warning or a vibration pre-warning, etc.
The inventors of the present invention conducted a systematic study on thermal runaway of a power battery in the following manner, and determined the importance of battery swelling force in thermal runaway of the battery.
1) The method for triggering the thermal runaway of the battery comprises overcharging, external heating and the like, and aims to simulate the thermal runaway scene of the battery in actual use more truly.
2) And testing characteristic parameters of the battery in the thermal runaway process, wherein the characteristic parameters comprise battery temperature, voltage and expansion force, the battery temperature comprises the temperature of positive and negative pole pieces of the battery and the temperature of a shell, and the characteristic parameters are obtained through a temperature sensor. The voltage is the terminal voltage of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery and is obtained by a voltage sensor. The battery expansion force is the expansion force of the side face of the square hard-shell battery or the soft-package battery and is obtained through the pressure sensor, the pressure sensor can obtain the overall expansion force of the battery module by arranging one pressure sensor in a single battery module in a battery system, or the expansion force value of each single battery is obtained in a mode of arranging the pressure sensor on the side face of a single battery. Fig. 2, 3 and 4 are the test results of temperature, voltage and expansion force of batteries with different material systems in the thermal runaway process under different triggering modes respectively.
Lithium ion battery with certain 25Ah square hard-shell lithium iron phosphate 5 graphite system and certain 37Ah square hard-shell Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3Taking ternary material 5 graphite system battery as an example, thermal runaway test under overcharge condition was performed.
1. Experimental testing
1) And testing the discharge capacity of the power battery according to the specification of the product, and then fully charging the power battery monomer.
2) The battery monomer is subjected to overcharge thermal runaway test by adopting 2C current multiplying power, abuse conditions occurring under the scenes that a BMS of an electric automobile battery system has functional safety failure or voltage signal acquisition failure and the like are simulated, the voltage, the temperature and the expansive force of the battery monomer are recorded, the sampling frequency is 100Hz, and the change of the battery is observed through a camera.
3) When the triggered battery has a significant thermal runaway characteristic (such as pressure relief valve relief, smoking, fire or explosion), charging of the battery is stopped. In this test, after the pressure relief valve of the battery is observed to release pressure and simultaneously smoke, the battery is stopped from being charged, and then the battery continuously smokes. And keeping the data acquisition device continuously working until no phenomenon occurs any more, and stopping recording data when the temperature tested by all the temperature sensors is lower than 50 ℃.
2. And (5) after the experiment is finished, storing the test data and processing the experimental sample.
3. Data analysis
As can be seen from the test data shown in fig. 2, after the test is started, along with the slow increase of the voltage of the 25Ah square hard-shell lithium iron phosphate 5 graphite system battery, the expansion force of the battery is rapidly increased, the change value of the expansion force reaches 1500N within 150s, and the temperature of the battery is only 27 ℃. At the moment the relief valve opens, the expansion force reaches a maximum value. After the pressure relief valve is opened, the expansion force of the battery is remarkably reduced, and a large amount of gas and smoke are generated due to continuous generation of various side reactions in the battery, so that the expansion force is maintained at about 2800N. When the battery is completely broken, the temperature does not continuously rise any more, the voltage drops to zero, and the expansion force gradually disappears and drops to zero.
By comparing the change conditions of signals such as the voltage, the temperature, the expansion force and the like of the battery, it can be seen that the moment when the expansion force starts to increase remarkably is more advanced than the change of the temperature, when the change value of the expansion force exceeds the expansion force change range corresponding to normal charge and discharge, the time is not longer than 150s away from the thermal runaway of the battery, and therefore the alarm for the thermal runaway of the battery can be realized by adopting the change value of the expansion force of the battery.
As can be seen from the test data shown in FIG. 3, the test was startedAfter initiation, Ni is accompanied by 37Ah square crust0.5Co0.2Mn0.3The battery voltage of the ternary material 5 graphite system slowly rises, the expansion force and the temperature of the battery both begin to increase, the change value of the expansion force reaches 1500N within 650s, and the battery temperature is only 24 ℃. At the moment the relief valve opens, the expansion force reaches a maximum value of 4958N. After the pressure relief valve is opened, the expansion force of the battery is gradually reduced, and after a period of time, the expansion force is reduced to zero, and the process is simultaneously accompanied with the gradual reduction of the temperature of the battery.
By comparing the change conditions of signals such as the voltage, the temperature, the expansion force and the like of the battery, the time when the expansion force starts to increase remarkably is more advanced than the change of the temperature, and when the change value of the expansion force exceeds the expansion force change range corresponding to normal charge and discharge, 260s time is left before the thermal runaway of the battery, so that the effective early warning of the thermal runaway of the battery can be realized by adopting the expansion force change value of the battery.
Ni square 37Ah hard shell0.5Co0.2Mn0.3Ternary material 5 graphite system lithium ion battery was used as an example, and a thermal runaway test under heating was performed.
1. Experimental testing
1) And testing the discharge capacity of the power battery according to the specification of the product, and then fully charging the power battery monomer.
2) The method comprises the steps of performing a heating thermal runaway test on battery monomers by adopting an external heating mode (an electric heater is used for heating the battery, the electric heater is powered by a programmable power supply), setting the power of the heater to be 800W, simulating a thermal diffusion scene caused by self-heating runaway caused by internal defects of certain battery monomers in an electric automobile battery system, recording the voltage, the temperature and the expansion force of the battery monomers in the process, and observing the change of the battery through a camera, wherein the sampling frequency is 100 Hz.
3) When the triggered battery has a significant thermal runaway characteristic (such as pressure relief valve decompression, smoking, fire or explosion), the heating power supply is turned off. In this test, after it was observed that the relief valve released pressure and began smoking simultaneously, the external power supply of the electric heater was stopped, and then the battery continued to smoke. And keeping the data acquisition device continuously working until no phenomenon occurs any more, and stopping recording data when the temperature tested by all the temperature sensors is lower than 50 ℃.
2. And (5) after the experiment is finished, storing the test data and processing the experimental sample.
3. Data analysis
As can be seen from the test data shown in fig. 4, after the start of the test, the expansion force of the battery rapidly increases with the temperature of the ternary material 5 graphite system battery under the action of the external electric heater, and increases at a more rapid rate 400s after the start of the test, and the expansion force changes by more than 1500N after 510s, at which time the battery voltage still changes. At 602s, the battery voltage becomes 0V due to an internal short circuit.
By comparing the change conditions of signals such as the voltage, the temperature, the expansion force and the like of the battery, it can be seen that the moment when the expansion force starts to increase remarkably is more advanced than the change of the voltage, and when the change value of the expansion force exceeds the expansion force change range corresponding to normal charge and discharge, the time of 92s is still available for the internal short circuit in the battery, so that the early warning of the thermal runaway of the battery can be realized by adopting the expansion force change value of the battery.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal runaway early warning device for a power battery provided in this embodiment, and this embodiment is suitable for thermal runaway early warning of a power battery in a normal placement state, a charge state, and a discharge state. The apparatus may be constituted by software and 5 or hardware, and is generally integrated in an electronic device.
As shown in fig. 5, the embodiment provides a power battery thermal runaway early warning device, which includes:
the power battery thermal runaway grade determining module 501 is configured to determine a power battery thermal runaway grade according to the battery voltage, the battery temperature, and the battery expansion force.
Preferably, the power battery thermal runaway level determination module 501 includes:
the battery expansion force change value comparison unit is used for comparing the battery expansion force change value with an expansion force change value threshold;
the battery voltage change value comparison unit is used for comparing the battery voltage change value with the battery initial voltage with a set proportion;
a battery temperature comparison unit for comparing the battery temperature with a battery temperature threshold;
a battery temperature change rate comparing unit for comparing the battery temperature change rate with a temperature change rate threshold;
and the thermal runaway grade determining unit is used for determining the thermal runaway grade according to the comparison result of the comparing unit.
Preferably, the determining the thermal runaway grade of the power battery according to the battery voltage, the battery temperature and the battery expansion force comprises the following steps:
if the battery expansion force change value exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value and the battery voltage change value exceeds the battery initial voltage with a set proportion, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is one grade;
if the expansion force change value of the battery exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value and the battery temperature exceeds the battery temperature threshold value, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is in a second grade;
if the expansion force change value of the battery exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value, the temperature change rate of the battery exceeds the temperature change rate threshold value, and the exceeding time is higher than the time threshold value, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is three grades;
if the battery expansion force change value exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value, the battery voltage change value exceeds the battery initial voltage with a set proportion, the battery temperature change rate exceeds the temperature change rate threshold value, and the exceeding time is higher than the time threshold value, and the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is determined to be four levels;
and if the battery expansion force change value exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value, the battery temperature exceeds the battery temperature threshold value, the battery temperature change rate exceeds the temperature change rate threshold value, the exceeding time is higher than the time threshold value, and the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is determined to be five grade.
Preferably, the threshold value of the change in expansion force is 1500-.
Preferably, the set proportion of the initial voltage of the battery is 15% -25% of the initial voltage of the battery.
Preferably, the threshold rate of temperature change is 1-5 ℃ for 5 s.
And the thermal runaway early warning module 502 is used for carrying out thermal runaway early warning on the power battery according to the thermal runaway grade of the power battery.
The power battery thermal runaway early warning device is used for executing the power battery thermal runaway early warning method in the embodiment of the invention, and at least has the functional modules and the beneficial effects corresponding to the power battery thermal runaway early warning method.
As shown in fig. 6, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including:
at least one processor; and
a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method described above. The at least one processor in the electronic device is capable of performing the above method and thus has at least the same advantages as the above method.
Optionally, the electronic device further includes an interface for connecting the components, including a high-speed interface and a low-speed interface. The various components are interconnected using different buses and may be mounted on a common motherboard or in other manners as desired. The processor may process instructions for execution within the electronic device, including instructions stored in or on the memory to display Graphical information for a GUI on an external input 5 output device, such as a display device coupled to the Interface. In other embodiments, multiple processors and 5 or more buses may be used, along with multiple memories and multiple memories, if desired. Also, multiple electronic devices may be connected, with each device providing portions of the necessary operations (e.g., as a server array, a group of blade servers, or a multi-processor system). In fig. 6, one processor 601 is taken as an example.
The memory 602 is used as a computer-readable storage medium and can be used for storing software programs, computer-executable programs, and modules, such as program instruction 5 modules corresponding to the power battery thermal runaway warning method in the embodiment of the present invention (for example, the power battery thermal runaway grade determination module 501 and the thermal runaway warning module 502 in the power battery thermal runaway warning device). The processor 601 executes various functional applications and data processing of the device by running software programs, instructions and modules stored in the memory 602, that is, the power battery thermal runaway early warning method is implemented.
The memory 602 may mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store an operating system, an application program required for at least one function; the storage data area may store data created according to the use of the terminal, and the like. Further, the memory 602 may include high speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid state storage device. In some examples, the memory 602 may further include memory located remotely from the processor 601, which may be connected to the device over a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.
The electronic device may further include: an input device 603 and an output device 604. The processor 601, the memory 602, the input device 603 and the output device 604 may be connected by a bus or other means, and fig. 6 illustrates the connection by a bus as an example.
The input device 603 may receive input numeric or character information, and the output device 604 may include a display device, an auxiliary lighting device (e.g., an LED), a tactile feedback device (e.g., a vibration motor), and the like. The display device may include, but is not limited to, a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), a Light Emitting Diode (LED) display, and a plasma display. In some implementations, the display device can be a touch screen.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a medium, on which computer instructions are stored, and the computer instructions are used to enable the computer to execute the method described above. The computer instructions on the medium for causing a computer to perform the method described above thus have at least the same advantages as the method described above.
The medium of the present invention may take the form of any combination of one or more computer-readable media. The medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. The medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the medium include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this document, a medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
A computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated data signal may take many forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer readable signal medium may also be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF (Radio Frequency), etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C + +, or the like, as well as conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet service provider).
It should be understood that various forms of the flows shown above, reordering, adding or deleting steps, may be used. For example, the steps described in the present application may be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired results of the technical solutions disclosed in the present application can be achieved, and the present invention is not limited herein.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
Claims (7)
1. A power battery thermal runaway early warning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the thermal runaway grade of the power battery according to the battery voltage, the battery temperature and the battery expansion force;
according to the thermal runaway grade of the power battery, performing thermal runaway early warning on the power battery;
the method for determining the thermal runaway grade of the power battery according to the battery voltage, the battery temperature and the battery expansion force comprises the following steps:
determining the thermal runaway grade of the power battery according to the battery voltage change value, the battery temperature change rate and the battery expansion force change value;
the method for determining the thermal runaway grade of the power battery according to the battery voltage change value, the battery temperature change rate and the battery expansion force change value comprises the following steps:
if the battery expansion force change value exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value and the battery voltage change value exceeds the battery initial voltage with a set proportion, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is one grade;
if the expansion force change value of the battery exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value and the battery temperature exceeds the battery temperature threshold value, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is in a second grade;
if the expansion force change value of the battery exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value, the temperature change rate of the battery exceeds the temperature change rate threshold value, and the exceeding time is higher than the time threshold value, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is three grades;
if the battery expansion force change value exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value, the battery voltage change value exceeds the battery initial voltage with a set proportion, the battery temperature change rate exceeds the temperature change rate threshold value, and the exceeding time is higher than the time threshold value, and the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is determined to be four levels;
and if the battery expansion force change value exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value, the battery temperature exceeds the battery temperature threshold value, the battery temperature change rate exceeds the temperature change rate threshold value, the exceeding time is higher than the time threshold value, and the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is determined to be five grade.
2. The power battery thermal runaway early warning method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the threshold of the change value of the expansion force is 1500-2500N.
3. The power battery thermal runaway early warning method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the battery initial voltage of the set proportion is 15% -25% of the battery initial voltage.
4. The power battery thermal runaway early warning method as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the temperature change rate threshold is 1-5 ℃/s.
5. The utility model provides a power battery thermal runaway early warning device which characterized in that includes:
the power battery thermal runaway grade determining module is used for determining the thermal runaway grade of the power battery according to the battery voltage, the battery temperature and the battery expansion force;
the thermal runaway early warning module is used for carrying out thermal runaway early warning on the power battery according to the thermal runaway grade of the power battery;
the method for determining the thermal runaway grade of the power battery according to the battery voltage, the battery temperature and the battery expansion force comprises the following steps:
determining the thermal runaway grade of the power battery according to the battery voltage change value, the battery temperature change rate and the battery expansion force change value;
the method for determining the thermal runaway grade of the power battery according to the battery voltage change value, the battery temperature change rate and the battery expansion force change value comprises the following steps:
if the battery expansion force change value exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value and the battery voltage change value exceeds the battery initial voltage with a set proportion, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is one grade;
if the expansion force change value of the battery exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value and the battery temperature exceeds the battery temperature threshold value, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is in a second grade;
if the expansion force change value of the battery exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value, the temperature change rate of the battery exceeds the temperature change rate threshold value, and the exceeding time is higher than the time threshold value, determining that the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is three grades;
if the battery expansion force change value exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value, the battery voltage change value exceeds the battery initial voltage with a set proportion, the battery temperature change rate exceeds the temperature change rate threshold value, and the exceeding time is higher than the time threshold value, and the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is determined to be four levels;
and if the battery expansion force change value exceeds the expansion force change value threshold value, the battery temperature exceeds the battery temperature threshold value, the battery temperature change rate exceeds the temperature change rate threshold value, the exceeding time is higher than the time threshold value, and the thermal runaway grade of the power battery is determined to be five grade.
6. An electronic device, comprising:
at least one processor; and
a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1-4.
7. A medium having stored thereon computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1-4.
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