CN107390137A - A kind of insulation pricker for assessing lithium ion battery safety performance - Google Patents

A kind of insulation pricker for assessing lithium ion battery safety performance Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107390137A
CN107390137A CN201710700170.4A CN201710700170A CN107390137A CN 107390137 A CN107390137 A CN 107390137A CN 201710700170 A CN201710700170 A CN 201710700170A CN 107390137 A CN107390137 A CN 107390137A
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battery
pricker
insulation
test
lithium ion
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CN201710700170.4A
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CN107390137B (en
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王青松
崔志仙
陈昊东
孙金华
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R1/00Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
    • G01R1/02General constructional details
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of insulation pricker for assessing lithium ion battery safety performance.Use existing lancing test standard GB/T/T31485 2015《Power accumulator safety and test method used for electric vehicle》Described in draw point to battery carry out lancing test when, there are problems that of both:Battery is caused electric discharge behavior extremely fast occur and scattered and disappeared amount of heat via draw point.Based on above-mentioned 2 points, the present invention using insulation pricker made of the exotic material of a kind of high resistivity, low thermal conductivity, high intensity and high rigidity come instead of the draw point progress lancing test in GB/T31485 2015, in the above-mentioned characteristic for the pricker that insulate:High intensity and high rigidity characteristic ensure that pricker possesses the ability for piercing through battery;High-temperature stability ensure that the integrality of pricker outward appearance in battery internal short-circuit temperature rise;High resistivity characteristic ensure that pierce through after battery electric discharge behavior closer to truth;Low thermal conductivity characteristic then avoids amount of heat and scattered and disappeared via pricker.

Description

A kind of insulation pricker for assessing lithium ion battery safety performance
Technical field
It is more particularly to a kind of to assess lithium ion battery the present invention relates to the technical field that lithium ion battery safety performance is assessed The insulation pricker of security performance.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery has higher than energy, cell voltage is high, operating temperature range is wide, storage life is long etc. as a kind of Advantage new energy battery, its application are related to the numerous areas such as portable set, new-energy automobile, energy storage and military affairs.But due to lithium Contain a large amount of active materials and organic combustibles in ion battery material system, safe thing is easily caused under various abuse conditions Therefore generation.As occurred, in the electric bus event on fire of Beijing Xie Dao holiday villages 80, to cause nearly hundred million yuan of damages in May, 2017 Lose.For another example the battery of mobile phone explosive incidents of Samsung Note 7 occurred in 2016, all generated in entire society's aspect extensive Negative effect.Therefore, the security performance for evaluating lithium ion battery is significant.
Research shows, with external short circuit, overcharge, the battery abuse conditions such as overheat compared with, during battery internal short-circuit it is dangerous most Greatly, thermal runaway and is probably triggered.The induction mode of internal short-circuit includes production burr, inside battery insulation is incomplete, introduces Metal impurities, Li dendrite and external force extruding puncture tear barrier film etc..The current reality on lithium ion battery internal short-circuit both at home and abroad Test simulation meanses and do many researchs, including acupuncture and extrusion experiment, the implanted metal impurity and internal short-circuit based on phase-change material Trigger device.The above method respectively has advantage and disadvantage, but the lithium ion for the simulation internal short-circuit for being widely accepted and being standardized at present Battery safety evaluation method only has lancing test.According to existing lancing test standard GB/T/T31485-2015《It is electronic Automobile using power accumulator safety and test method》When carrying out lancing test to battery, because test uses draw point, pierce through The problems such as current path is excessive and draw point heat conduction amount is excessive after battery be present, cause needled conventionally method of testing to comment exactly The security performance of valency lithium ion battery.A kind of New insulated pricker that the present invention uses can solve the above problems well.
The content of the invention
Battery repid discharge caused by stainless pin and draw point heat conduction during in order to solve conventional lithium ion battery lancing test Problem, the invention provides made of the exotic material of a kind of high resistivity, low thermal conductivity, the high strength of materials and high rigidity New insulated pricker replaces existing lancing test standard GB/T/T31485-2015《Power accumulator safety used for electric vehicle And test method》In draw point carry out lancing test.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
A kind of insulation pricker for being used to assess lithium ion battery safety performance, for replacing battery acupuncture in current standard to survey The draw point (test for including single battery core and battery modules) used is tried, the making raw material of the New insulated pricker are a kind of High resistivity, low thermal conductivity, the exotic material of the high strength of materials and high rigidity, including:It is every meet high resistivity (>109 Ω m, electric insulation), low thermal conductivity (<0.5W m-1K-1), the high strength of materials and high rigidity (meet duricrust and soft-package battery Puncture intensity requirement) etc. feature high temperature resistant (fusing point>175 DEG C) material may act as manufacture experiment pricker candidate Material, when the resistivity of material, thermal conductivity factor and fusing point all reach requirement, the selection strength of materials that should try one's best and hardness are higher Material, to meet the puncture strength requirement of duricrust and soft-package battery simultaneously.
Further, the pricker should be the cylinder with tip, and total length can according to circumstances be adjusted on the basis of 110mm Whole (test such as battery modules can suitably increase length), while to ensure surface smooth pieces, so as to despumation or Other pollutant effects of person.
Further, when carrying out lancing test with the pricker, the other specification of test can be in GB/T31485-2015 Suitably adjusted on the basis of defined, if a reference value of needle diameter is 5~8mm (single battery core) and 6~10mm (battery modules), Diameter can suitably be increased according to the intensity requirement of material therefor in practice;45 °~60 ° of syringe needle wedge angle span;Acupuncture speed 25±5mm/s;Direction is pierced through perpendicular to battery pole plates;Perforation position is located at the geometric center in face of piercing.
The principle of the present invention is:
There is provided new made of the exotic material of a kind of high resistivity, low thermal conductivity, the high strength of materials and high rigidity Pricker insulate to replace the draw point in GB/T31485-2015 to carry out lithium ion battery lancing test.It is every meet high resistivity (> 109Ω m, electric insulation), low thermal conductivity (<0.5W m-1K-1), the high strength of materials and high rigidity (meet duricrust and Soft Roll electricity Pond puncture intensity requirement) etc. feature high temperature resistant (fusing point>175 DEG C) material may act as manufacture experiment pricker time Material selection, when the resistivity and thermal conductivity factor and fusing point of material all reach requirement, the strength of materials and hardness should be selected higher Material, to meet the puncture intensity requirement of duricrust and soft-package battery simultaneously.The manufactured pricker for testing will ensure table Face smooth pieces, other specification (needle diameter, needle point angle, acupuncture speed, puncture direction and the perforation position of lancing test Deng) can suitably be adjusted on the basis of specified in GB/T31485-2015.
The existing battery lancing test national standard in China is mainly derived from GB/T31485-2015《Power used for electric vehicle Storage battery safety and test method》, its given battery core and battery pack method of testing are as follows:
1. single battery core pin prick test step:
A) cell batteries method as shown in standard 6.1.3 moneys charges;
B) φ 5mm~φ 8mm high temperature resistant draw point (45 °~60 ° of needle point angle, any surface finish of pin, non-corroding, oxygen is used Change layer and greasy dirt), with (25 ± 5) mm/s speed, run through from the direction perpendicular to accumulator plate, through position preferably close to institute The geometric center in thorn face, draw point are rested in battery;
C) 1h is observed.
2. battery pack pin prick test step:
A) battery module method as shown in standard 6.1.4 moneys charges;
B) φ 6mm~φ 10mm high temperature resistant draw point (45 °~60 ° of needle point angle, any surface finish of pin, non-corroding, oxygen is used Change layer and greasy dirt), with (25 ± 5) mm/s speed, from perpendicular to the direction of accumulator plate, sequentially pass through at least three monomer Battery, draw point are rested in battery;
C) 1h is observed.
It can be seen that whether for single battery core or battery pack, current standard requires to be carried out using stainless pin Pin prick test.And two problems can be brought by carrying out lancing test with draw point.First, draw point can form very big electricity after piercing through battery Logical circulation road, therefore battery can be made to be discharged at a terrific speed, and extruded by external force, the feelings such as machined burrs and lithium dendrite growth Battery internal short-circuit area caused by condition is smaller compared to meeting, and battery discharge also significantly slows down therewith.Second, due to stainless pin It is the good conductor of heat, have a big chunk heat during lancing test scatters and disappears via draw point heat conduction.2 points of the above can directly affect To the validity that this method of the security performance of lithium ion battery is evaluated with lancing test.In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention uses A kind of high resistivity, low thermal conductivity, the high strength of materials and high rigidity exotic material made of New insulated pricker come Lancing test is carried out instead of the draw point in GB/T31485-2015.The New insulated pricker is electrical insulator in itself, pierces through battery Positive and negative pole material can form the short circuit of micro- area under the drive of frictional force afterwards so that test case is closer to short in real Road situation.In addition, New insulated pricker is the non-conductor of heat, so as to solve the Heat Conduction Problems of traditional draw point well.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention solves two problems present in needled conventionally test.In the battery of lancing test triggering after improvement The discharge mode of short circuit closer to extruded as external force, battery internal short-circuit caused by the factor such as machined burrs and lithium dendrite growth Electric discharge behavior.In addition, the draw point heat conduction that the lancing test method after improving also avoids in needled conventionally test well is asked Topic so that battery can heat up under closer real internal short-circuit environment.In a word, the use of New insulated pricker is to acupuncture The lifting of the validity of this experimental method of test evaluation lithium ion battery safety performance has very positive meaning.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the monnolithic case specification signal of the present invention.Fig. 1 (a) is single battery core acupuncture pin size, and Fig. 1 (b) is electricity Pond module acupuncture gauge.
It is respectively from left to right diameter 5mm polyformaldehyde pin, diameter 8mm polyformaldehyde pin, diameter 5mm wolfram steel in Fig. 2 The pictorial diagram of pin and diameter 8mm wolfram steel pin.
Fig. 3 (a) and (b) are respectively the voltage-time curve of diameter 5mm and 8mm wolfram steel acupuncture experiment.
Fig. 4 (a) and (b) are respectively two class voltage-time curves of diameter 5mm polyformaldehyde acupuncture experiment, Fig. 4 (c) and (d) Respectively two class voltage-time curves of diameter 8mm polyformaldehyde acupuncture experiment.
Fig. 5 is the temperature curve comparison diagram under two kinds of voltage modes in the temperature rise curve of wolfram steel acupuncture and polyformaldehyde acupuncture. Fig. 5 (a) is bent for the temperature as corresponding to Mode A change of voltage in the temperature rise curve of the wolfram steel acupuncture of two kinds of diameters and polyformaldehyde acupuncture The contrast schematic diagram of line, Fig. 5 (b) press Mode B for voltage in the temperature rise curve of the wolfram steel acupuncture of two kinds of diameters and polyformaldehyde acupuncture The comparison diagram of temperature curve corresponding to change.
The thermograph that the polyformaldehyde pin acupuncture that Fig. 6 is diameter 5mm is tested.
The thermograph that the wolfram steel pin acupuncture that Fig. 7 is diameter 5mm is tested.
The thermograph that the polyformaldehyde pin acupuncture that Fig. 8 is diameter 8mm is tested.
The thermograph that the wolfram steel pin acupuncture that Fig. 9 is diameter 8mm is tested.
Embodiment:
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that advantages and features of the invention energy It is easier to be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, apparent is clearly defined so as to be made to protection scope of the present invention.
In embodiments described just below, lithium-ion electric is carried out as the making material of New insulated pricker using polyformaldehyde Pond lancing test, as control, while traditional draw point lancing test is also carried out.All tests try in special acupuncture Test in machine and carry out.
Embodiment:
Research respectively using polyformaldehyde and wolfram steel as the lithium ion battery lancing test Contrast on effect of pricker material, Fig. 2 from Left-to-right is respectively diameter 5mm polyformaldehyde pin, diameter 8mm polyformaldehyde pin, diameter 5mm wolfram steel pin and diameter 8mm The pictorial diagram of wolfram steel pin.Research object is 100%SOC certain business soft-package battery (capacity:1Ah, electrode material:Cobalt acid lithium/stone Ink), all tests only deploy to monomer lithium ion battery.Experiment condition arranges as shown in table 1.
The different pricker material lancing test Contrast on effect experiment condition tables of table 1.
Battery open circuit voltage is recorded in real time with battery charge and discharge cycles instrument in experimentation, is gathered in real time with thermocouple close The battery surface temperature data at acupuncture position, and record temperature change with thermal imaging system is whole.
Analyzed respectively using polyformaldehyde and wolfram steel as the lithium ion battery lancing test Contrast on effect of pricker material:
Fig. 3 (a) and (b) are respectively diameter 5mm and 8mm wolfram steel acupuncture experimental voltage-time graph;Fig. 4 (a) and (b) Respectively two class voltage-time curves of diameter 5mm polyformaldehyde acupuncture experiment, Fig. 4 (c) and (d) are respectively diameter 8mm polyformaldehyde Two class voltage-time curves of acupuncture experiment.No matter by observing Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 it can be found that a diameter of 5 or 8mm, draw point Cell voltage only has a kind of variation tendency after piercing through battery, i.e. acupuncture moment bust is then slowly drop down to hundreds of millivolts One relatively low level, centre might have a little fluctuation;And it is distinct contrast, no matter a diameter of 5 or 8mm, gather Cell voltage then has two kinds of changing patteries (being named as Mode A and B respectively) after formaldehyde needle-penetration battery.Mode A pair The battery open circuit voltage answered, to more than 1,000 millivolts, then gos up to 3700 millivolts or so in acupuncture moment bust;And the electricity of Mode B Bucklingization is then relatively close to the effect after draw point pierces through.And lithium ion battery extruded by external force, machined burrs and Li dendrite Caused by situations such as growth during battery internal short-circuit, short-circuit area can be smaller, and battery discharge is also more slowly, therefore polyformaldehyde Effect after needle-penetration battery is closer to true internal short-circuit scene.
Voltage is by Mode A change pair in the temperature rise curve of wolfram steel acupuncture in Fig. 5 (a) to two kinds of diameters and polyformaldehyde acupuncture The temperature curve answered contrasts, it can be seen that battery temperature rise caused by wolfram steel pin will be faster than the temperature under polyformaldehyde pin Mode A Rise, and the maximum temperature that battery can reach after draw point puncture is also higher, this is exactly that can form larger electricity after draw point pierces through battery Logical circulation road, so that the experiment that battery is discharged with faster speed proves;The temperature of wolfram steel acupuncture in Fig. 5 (b) to two kinds of diameters Rise voltage temperature curve as corresponding to changing Mode B in curve and polyformaldehyde acupuncture to contrast, it can be found that under same diameter Polyformaldehyde pin caused by battery temperature rise rate to be significantly faster than that the situation of wolfram steel acupuncture, the conductive force of this explanation draw point is bright It is aobvious, a big chunk heat is had during lancing test and is guided via draw point, so as to influence the accuracy of test result.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 is respectively diameter 5mm polyformaldehyde pin and the thermograph of wolfram steel pin acupuncture experiment.Can by contrast To find, emerged with about 0.128s focuses in the example of polyformaldehyde pin, to 0.665s or so calorie spread to whole battery, propagated Time is about 0.537s;And emerged with about 0.325s focuses in the example of wolfram steel pin, to 0.444s or so calorie spread to entirely Battery, propagation time are only 0.119s.This phenomenon confirmed again draw point above pierce through can make after battery battery with compared with The conclusion of fast speed electric discharge.
Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 is respectively diameter 8mm polyformaldehyde pin and the thermograph of wolfram steel pin acupuncture experiment.Focus is about in Fig. 8 Initially formed in 0.252s, to 0.505s calorie spreads to whole battery scope, propagation time about 0.253s;And in Fig. 9 from Focus initially forms calorie spread to whole battery and used close to 0.8s.This is its conductive force after the increase of draw point diameter The reason to be strengthened.
What the present invention was not disclosed in detail partly belongs to techniques known.
One embodiment of the present of invention is the foregoing is only, not thereby limits protection scope of the present invention, it is every The equivalent transformation made using description of the invention and accompanying drawing content, if various convert in the scope of the present invention, or Other related technical areas directly or indirectly are used in, are similarly included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

  1. A kind of 1. insulation pricker for assessing lithium ion battery safety performance, for replacing battery lancing test in current standard to use Draw point, battery lancing test includes the test of single battery core and battery modules, it is characterised in that:The making of the insulation pricker Raw material are the exotic materials of a kind of high resistivity, low thermal conductivity, the high strength of materials and high rigidity, including:It is every to meet High resistivity:>109Ω m, electric insulation;Low thermal conductivity:<0.5W m-1K-1;The high strength of materials and high rigidity:Meet duricrust With the puncture intensity requirement of soft-package battery;High temperature resistant:Fusing point>175℃;Meet that the material of above-mentioned condition may act as manufacturing The candidate material of experiment pricker.
  2. A kind of 2. insulation pricker for assessing lithium ion battery safety performance as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:In material Resistivity, thermal conductivity factor and fusing point when all reaching requirement, the selection strength of materials that should try one's best and the higher material of hardness, so as to Meet the puncture strength requirement of duricrust and soft-package battery simultaneously.
  3. A kind of 3. insulation pricker for assessing lithium ion battery safety performance as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The thorn Pin should be the cylinder with tip, and total length can adjust on the basis of 110mm according to test case, while ensure surface light It is sliding clean, so as to despumation or other pollutant effects.
  4. A kind of 4. insulation pricker for assessing lithium ion battery safety performance as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:With described When pricker carries out lancing test, the other specification of test can suitably adjust on the basis of specified in GB/T31485-2015, pin To single battery core:The a reference value of needle diameter is 5~8mm, for battery modules:Needle diameter is 6~10mm, in practice can root Suitably increase diameter according to the intensity requirement of material therefor;45 °~60 ° of syringe needle wedge angle span;25 ± 5mm/s of acupuncture speed; Direction is pierced through perpendicular to battery pole plates;Perforation position is located at the geometric center in face of piercing.
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CN110274815A (en) * 2019-05-06 2019-09-24 中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司 A kind of analysis method of inside lithium ion cell construction machine intensity
CN111208439A (en) * 2020-01-19 2020-05-29 中国科学技术大学 Quantitative detection method for micro short circuit fault of series lithium ion battery pack
CN114171752A (en) * 2022-02-09 2022-03-11 江苏净视源能源环保研究院有限公司 Puncture needle for puncture discharge and puncture discharge device for recycling sodium battery

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CN111208439A (en) * 2020-01-19 2020-05-29 中国科学技术大学 Quantitative detection method for micro short circuit fault of series lithium ion battery pack
CN114171752A (en) * 2022-02-09 2022-03-11 江苏净视源能源环保研究院有限公司 Puncture needle for puncture discharge and puncture discharge device for recycling sodium battery
CN114171752B (en) * 2022-02-09 2022-05-10 江苏净视源能源环保研究院有限公司 Puncture discharge device for sodium battery recovery and puncture needle thereof

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