CN106665090A - Winter wheat null line straw mulching method for water saving and soil moisture conservation - Google Patents
Winter wheat null line straw mulching method for water saving and soil moisture conservation Download PDFInfo
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- CN106665090A CN106665090A CN201710005108.3A CN201710005108A CN106665090A CN 106665090 A CN106665090 A CN 106665090A CN 201710005108 A CN201710005108 A CN 201710005108A CN 106665090 A CN106665090 A CN 106665090A
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- wheat
- winter wheat
- straw mulching
- soil moisture
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a winter wheat null line straw mulching method for water saving and soil moisture conservation and belongs to the technical field of wheat planting. The problems existing in the prior art are overcome. According to the adopted scheme, the winter wheat null line straw mulching method for water saving and soil moisture conservation comprises a winter wheat sowing step that one line is reserved every two lines to serve as a preserved blank belt, the sowing weight in planted wheat lines is 1.3-1.7 times of the normal weight; a straw mulching step that smashed straw is put in the reserved blank belts two weeks before and after a three-leaf and one-core stage of winter wheat, wherein the straw mulching thickness is 2-5 cm. The winter wheat null line straw mulching method can be widely applied to the field of wheat planting.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of winter wheat null improving straw mulching water saving method for preserving soil moisture, belong to winter wheat planting technology neck
Domain.
Background technology
It is the arid areas such as North China, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, particularly Shanxi that summer corn-winter wheat yields two crops a year
The main cropping pattern in Shanxi south area.Two kinds of crop harvestings and implantation time interval are short, two kinds of crop continuous cropping pattern middle age water consumption
About 850mm, and Shanxi south area annual rainfall is 450-500mm, and rainfall is concentrated mainly on corn growth stage 7-9 months,
Wheat growth stage October to next year June rainfall is only 160-200mm.Rainfall deficiency is to restrict area's Production of Winter Wheat
Key factor.Natural precipitation how is made full use of, the basic premise that water retention is High-yielding of Winter Wheat high-quality is improved.
In recent years, corn straw smashing also field technology quickly grows, and accounts for the 43.6% of straw resource utilization mode, can be pre-
Survey still has increased space from now on, and fresh wet heavy maize straw is ploughed deeply in 0-20cm soil layers on the spot, causes topsoil soils fluffy
Pine, soil moisture conservation, water conservation, fertilizer-preserving ability are poor, the drawback such as not drought resisting, not cold-resistant.Additionally, corn stalk fiber degree is high, decomposition is slow,
Stubble winter wheat emerges and seedlings are uniform and strong after influence.Stalk after crush maize is placed in into soil surface can not only as covering material
Above drawback is overcome, also for winter wheat is retained and conserved soil moisture there is provided new approaches.But improving straw mulching mode is improved to winter wheat yields
And it is unstable.To winter wheat often row covering particularly under general planting pattern, although play water retention, but hinder wheat population
Development, causes airtight grade of soil to adversely affect.
The content of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the problems, such as prior art, there is provided a kind of winter wheat null improving straw mulching water-retaining effect side
Method.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of winter wheat null improving straw mulching section
Water method for preserving soil moisture, including：The sowing step of winter wheat：Every two rows sky a line, as reserved blank tape, in the row of plantation wheat
The weight sowed on road is normal 1.3-1.7 times；
Improving straw mulching step：Before and after the heart stage of three leaf of winter wheat one in 2 weeks, the stalk of crushing is placed on reserved blank tape, straw
The thickness of stalk covering is 2-5cm.
Often capable spacing is 18-25cm in the sowing step of winter wheat.
Stalk or be wheat in improving straw mulching step, or be paddy rice, or for corn or for rape or for cotton or for sweet
The stalk of sugarcane.
The length of stalk is 3-50cm in improving straw mulching step.
The present invention has the advantages that compared with prior art：
1st, sowing step of the present invention including winter wheat：Every two rows sky a line, as reserved blank tape, facilitate agricultural machinery plough and
Sowing, the weight sowed in the walking along the street of plantation wheat is normal 1.3-1.7 times, while sown area is reduced, is increased
Sowing individual plant quantity, ensures the quantity of Basic Seedling, so that overall sowing strain number is not reduced, yield is not reduced；Improving straw mulching
Step：Before and after the heart stage of three leaf of winter wheat one in 2 weeks, the stalk of crushing is placed on reserved blank tape, this ensure that wheat
Three leaves, one heart stage normal growth, the thickness of improving straw mulching is 2-5cm, is effectively protected the surface temperature of wheatland so that earth's surface temperature
2-5 degrees Celsius of degree lifting so that winter wheat emerges and seedlings are uniform and strong；Using technology of the invention so that 0-2 meters of deep soil
Pondage, significantly increases than not covering, and the storage capacity about 60.2mm-80.7mm particularly in 0-200cm, amplification reaches
6.89%-20.9%.Reduce the per day soil evaporativeness of During Growing Period of Winter Wheat about 0.1mm-0.8mm.Under non-irrigated condition, stalk
Covering makes winter wheat increase production 6.7%-10%, improves planting benefit, increased farmers' income.
2nd, the spacing that wheat seeding is often gone in the sowing step of winter wheat of the present invention is 18-25cm, and this spacing distance can be conveniently
Directly the maize planting on stalk, so as to realize Wheat Maize continuous cropping pattern, and lifts the annual production of arable land crop.Stalk covers
Stalk or be wheat in lid step, or be paddy rice, or for corn or for rape or be cotton or the stalk for sugarcane, preferably
Maize straw, after corn mechanical harvest, the maize straw that ground is crushed is collected, and is hugged on the alley of both sides, does not influence depth
Turn over, now stalk is fresh wet heavy, covering on the spot can save labour without transfer.
3rd, the spacing that wheat seeding of the present invention is often gone is 18-25cm, preferably 20cm, facilitates site preparation, ploughs deeply knot every two row skies one
OK, as reserved blank tape, the stalk of crushing is placed on reserved blank tape after beam after the heart stage of three leaf one, using conventional line away from
The planting with sowing machine of 20cm, blocks up a feed outlet, i.e. can reduce Evaporation among plants every two rows, keeps soil moisture content, also not shadow
Ring wheat to emerge, this spacing distance can facilitate the directly maize planting on stalk, so as to realize Wheat Maize continuous cropping pattern,
And lift the annual production of arable land crop..
4th, the length of stalk is 3-50cm, preferably 3-15cm in improving straw mulching step, to solve maize straw direct returning to farmland
Adverse effect and winter wheat growth during suffer from drought problem, this method labour cost is low, simple to operate, and soil moisture conservation effect is good, with reference to
Natural precipitation, can reduce or exempt to pour irrigation water, save financial cost, improve peasant's benefit.
Specific embodiment
By the length of corn straw smashing to stalk it is 3-50cm with pulverizer after corn mechanical harvest, preferably 8-15cm,
And the stalk after crushing is placed on the alley of both sides, it is to avoid influence site preparation is turned over.Using base fertilizer, urea 15kg/ mus, biphosphate
Potassium 10kg/ mus.Site preparation is turned over, and fertilizer is uniformly blended into 0-20cm soil layers.Sowing, using 2B-4 type seeders, on seeder
A hole is just blocked up every two holes, while increase single hole to go out seed amount is conventional 1.3-1.7 times, preferably 1.5 times so that sowing
Region forms the layout of sowing two rows sky a line, and often row sowing is line-spacing 18-25cm, preferably 20cm；Until winter wheat is to three
Before and after the heart stage of leaf one at 2 weeks, by improving straw mulching after the crushing on the alley of both sides in null, the thickness of improving straw mulching is 2-5cm,
Soil moisture conservation effect can be played, and does not influence wheat to emerge.Until after small wheat harvesting, can the direct maize planting on the stalk of null
.The fertility of maize straw can be so made full use of and absorbed, the yield in whole farmland is increased.Above-mentioned stalk is also or be water
Rice, or for corn or for rape or be cotton or the stalk for sugarcane.Other steps and method and conventional winter wheat sowing side
Method is the same.
There is positive correlation in straw mulching quantity of the present invention, improving straw mulching maximum is 600kg/ mus, i.e., with Water-saving effect
The maize straw amount of 0.07 hectare output, it is so more economical rationally using our forensic science sowing.
In experimental plot, experimental conditions are as follows according to the method described above：
Hereinafter test is carried out under without any irrigation conditions.
Experimental plot 1：Linfen Han Cun 2012-2013 use the method, and corn is in the mechanical harvest of on October 1st, 2012
Afterwards, crushing straw is placed in alley both sides, wheat was sowed in October 6, crushing straw covering is reserved null by the heart stage of three leaf one
In, this method makes soil 0-20cm soil moisture in layer be respectively 20.4%, 19.5% He in wheat tillering stage, jointing stage and boot stage
24.5%, it is respectively 18.3%, 17.2% and 20.1% without improving straw mulching field；20-40cm soil moisture in layer is respectively 20.4%, 19.5%
With 24.5%, 18.3%, 17.2% and 20.1% is respectively without improving straw mulching field.Improving straw mulching field in wheat tillering stage, the jointing stage and
Boot stage makes 0-100cm soils remediation technolgies improve 34.6mm, 47.8mm and 54.0mm.426.8kg/ mus of this method yield of wheat,
Conventional seed planting is without 356.6kg/ mus of improving straw mulching field.
Experimental plot 2：Linfen Hong Bao villages 2013-2014 uses the method, and corn is in the mechanical harvest of on October 4th, 2013
Afterwards, crushing straw is placed in alley both sides, wheat was sowed in October 9, crushing straw covering is reserved null by the heart stage of three leaf one
In.This method makes soil 0-20cm soil moisture in layer be respectively 19.4%, 17.5% He in wheat tillering stage, jointing stage and boot stage
20.5%, it is respectively 17.3%, 16.2% and 18.1% without improving straw mulching field；20-40cm soil moisture in layer is respectively 17.4%, 18.5%
With 19.5%, 15.3%, 16.2% and 18.1% is respectively without improving straw mulching field.Improving straw mulching field 0-100cm soils remediation technolgies are improved
58.6mm, 43.6mm and 31.2mm.505.4kg/ mus of this method yield of wheat, conventional seed planting is without improving straw mulching field 372.1kg/
Mu.
Experimental plot 3：Linfen Han Cun 2014-2015 use the method, and corn is in the mechanical harvest of on October 3rd, 2014
Afterwards, crushing straw is placed in alley both sides, wheat was sowed in October 7, crushing straw covering is reserved null by the heart stage of three leaf one
In.This method makes soil 0-20cm soil moisture in layer be respectively 23.4%, 25.5% He in wheat tillering stage, jointing stage and boot stage
20.5%, it is respectively 19.3%, 19.2% and 16.1% without improving straw mulching field；20-40cm soil moisture in layer is respectively 21.4%, 21.5%
With 19.5%, 18.3%, 17.2% and 15.1% is respectively without improving straw mulching field.Improving straw mulching field 0-100cm soils remediation technolgies are improved
45.6mm, 34.2mm and 41.2mm.498.8kg/ mus of this method yield of wheat, conventional seed planting is without improving straw mulching field 376.6kg/
Mu.
Experimental plot 4：Linfen Xiangfen County 2015-2016 uses the method, and corn is on October 11st, 2015 and machinery
After results, crushing straw is placed in alley both sides, wheat was sowed in October 13, the heart stage of three leaf one is reserved by crushing straw covering
In null.This method makes soil 0-20cm soil moisture in layer be respectively 17.1% in wheat tillering stage, jointing stage and boot stage,
20.1% and 21.3%, it is respectively 17.0%, 18.2% and 18.1% without improving straw mulching field；20-40cm soil moisture in layer is respectively
19.4%, 21.5% and 19.5%, it is respectively 18.3%, 16.2% and 17.1% without improving straw mulching field.Improving straw mulching field 0-100cm soil
Reservoir storage improves 55.6mm, 54.4mm and 61.1mm.501.4kg/ mus of this method yield of wheat, conventional seed planting is without improving straw mulching field
306.6kg/ mu.
The cropping pattern that the present invention is used is planted for null, after null stalks mulching, will be increased production, if null is planted
And not in the case of stalks mulching, yield can be reduced, even if application rate increases, yield does not reach the product of general planting pattern yet
Amount.
The present invention can be summarized with others without prejudice to the concrete form of spirit or essential characteristics of the invention.Therefore, nothing
By from the point of view of which point, the embodiment above of the invention can only all be considered the description of the invention and can not limit invention,
Claims indicate the scope of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not pointed out in above-mentioned explanation all；Therefore, with this
Any change in claims of invention suitable implication and scope, is all considered as being included in the scope of claims
It is interior.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of winter wheat null improving straw mulching water saving method for preserving soil moisture, it is characterised in that including：
The sowing step of winter wheat：Every two rows sky a line, as reserved blank tape, the weight sowed in the walking along the street of plantation wheat
Measure is normal 1.3-1.7 times；
Improving straw mulching step：Before and after the heart stage of three leaf of winter wheat one in 2 weeks, the stalk of crushing is placed on reserved blank tape, straw
The thickness of stalk covering is 2-5cm.
2. a kind of winter wheat null improving straw mulching water saving method for preserving soil moisture according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Winter wheat
Sowing step in often capable spacing be 18-25cm.
3. a kind of winter wheat null improving straw mulching water saving method for preserving soil moisture according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Stalk covers
Stalk or be wheat in lid step, or be paddy rice, or for corn or for rape or be cotton or the stalk for sugarcane.
4. according to claim 1-3 any one a kind of winter wheat null improving straw mulching water saving method for preserving soil moisture, its feature
It is：The length of stalk is 3-50cm in improving straw mulching step.
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| CN201710005108.3A CN106665090A (en) | 2017-01-04 | 2017-01-04 | Winter wheat null line straw mulching method for water saving and soil moisture conservation |
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| CN201710005108.3A CN106665090A (en) | 2017-01-04 | 2017-01-04 | Winter wheat null line straw mulching method for water saving and soil moisture conservation |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107637445A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-01-30 | 长葛市联发粮食专业合作社 | It is a kind of to utilize the method that maize straw is winter wheat clayed aluminium alloy |
| CN107691145A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-02-16 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | A kind of Wheat and maize rotation water-saving and yield-increasing plantation and covering method |
| CN108739150A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-11-06 | 山西省农业科学院谷子研究所 | A kind of dry land wheat Fertilization method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107637445A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-01-30 | 长葛市联发粮食专业合作社 | It is a kind of to utilize the method that maize straw is winter wheat clayed aluminium alloy |
| CN107691145A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-02-16 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | A kind of Wheat and maize rotation water-saving and yield-increasing plantation and covering method |
| CN108739150A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-11-06 | 山西省农业科学院谷子研究所 | A kind of dry land wheat Fertilization method |
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