CN106661706B - 用于对钢带进行热处理和热浸涂覆的多用途处理线 - Google Patents

用于对钢带进行热处理和热浸涂覆的多用途处理线 Download PDF

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CN106661706B
CN106661706B CN201580036421.2A CN201580036421A CN106661706B CN 106661706 B CN106661706 B CN 106661706B CN 201580036421 A CN201580036421 A CN 201580036421A CN 106661706 B CN106661706 B CN 106661706B
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CN106661706A (zh
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斯塔夫罗斯·丰图拉基斯
让·菲利普·马塞
范东伟
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ArcelorMittal SA
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    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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Abstract

一种能够对钢带进行热处理和热浸涂覆的多用途连续处理线，包括：‑退火区段(1)，该退火区段(1)用于将钢带加热至预定退火温度并且用于将钢带保持在所述退火温度下；‑第一传送区段(2)；‑过时效区段(3)，该过时效区段(3)能够将钢带的温度保持在300℃与700℃之间；‑第二传送区段(4)，该第二传送区段(4)能够调节钢带的温度以允许带的热浸涂覆；以及‑热浸涂覆区段(5)，其中第一传送区段(2)依次包括冷却装置(21)和加热装置(22)。

Description

用于对钢带进行热处理和热浸涂覆的多用途处理线
本发明涉及一种用于对钢带进行热处理和热浸涂覆的多用途处理线。
为了制造用于汽车的各种类型的结构构件和车身面板，通常的做法是使用由DP(双相)钢或TRIP(相变诱导塑性)钢制成的镀锌板或镀锌层扩散退火处理板。近来，提出还可以使用Q&P(淬火和配分)钢。这种板在连续处理线(例如与涂覆设备结合的连续退火线)上以带的形式生产。但是，由于制造这些钢板所需的热处理，所述处理对DP钢、TRIP钢和Q&P钢而言是不同的，因此这些钢板是在专用线上生产的。
由此，各种品质的这种钢板的生产需要非常昂贵的多条处理线。
为了降低投资成本，期望能够在相同装备上生产DP钢、TRIP钢或Q&P钢。
为此，本发明涉及一种能够对钢带进行热处理和热浸涂覆的多用途连续处理线，包括：
-退火区段，该退火区段用于将钢带加热至预定退火温度并且用于将钢带保持在退火温度下，
-第一传送区段，
-过时效区段，该过时效区段能够将钢带的温度保持在300℃与700℃之间，
-第二传送区段，该第二传送区段能够调节钢带的温度以允许带的热浸涂覆，以及
-热浸涂覆区段，
其中第一传送区段依次包括冷却装置和加热装置。
根据本发明的其他有利方面，多用途处理线包括单独考虑或根据任何技术上可能的组合考虑的以下特征中的一个或更多个：
-第一传送区段的冷却装置可控制为使得冷却装置的冷却能力能够在不冷却与快速冷却至预定淬火温度之间调节，并且第一传送区段的加热装置可控制为使得加热装置的加热能力能够在不加热与快速加热至预定过时效温度之间调节；
-第一传送区段的冷却装置使得冷却速度可以在0℃/秒与至少70℃/秒之间调节，并且淬火温度可以在100℃与500℃之间选择；
-第一传送区段的加热装置包括至少一个可控制的感应加热器；
-第二传送区段依次包括用于通过冷却或通过加热来调节带的温度的可控制的冷却装置和可控制的加热装置；
-第二传送区段包括可控制的冷却装置，该可控制的冷却装置能够使厚度高达2mm的板以优选地为至少50℃/秒的冷却速度从在550℃与700℃之间的温度冷却至热浸涂覆温度；
-过时效区段包括能够将带的温度保持在过时效温度周围或者允许带的温度在进入温度与退出温度之间缓慢地下降的可控制装置。
-退火区段包括使得预定退火温度可以在700℃与1000℃之间选择的可控制装置；
-热浸涂覆区段包括至少液态金属浴；
-热浸涂覆区段还包括用于涂覆的合金化装置；
-热浸涂覆区段是镀锌区段或镀锌层扩散退火处理区段。
鉴于附图，现在将对本发明进行详细地描述而非进行限制，在附图中：
-图1是根据本发明的连续处理线的示意图，
-图2示意性地示出了与可以在根据本发明的线上执行的处理中的各种热路径相对应的温度对时间的图。
如图1所示，多用途连续处理线包括退火区段1、第一传送区段2、过时效区段3、第二传送区段4和热浸涂覆区段5，其中，钢带如由箭头所指示的运动。
退火区段1包括预加热区10、加热区11和均热区12，预热区10、加热区11和均热区12能够将带从环境温度加热至预定退火温度AT，该预定退火温度AT包含在700℃与1000℃之间。
此退火温度必须根据所生产的板的类型进行选择，即，对于DP钢在约750℃与840℃之间，对于TRIP钢在约830℃与860℃之间，对于Q&P钢在约790℃与950℃之间。
为此，预加热区和加热区包括本领域技术人员已知的可控制的加热装置。
在均热区中，带必须优选地在保护气氛下保持在退火温度或大约此温度(即，优选地在退火温度-10℃与退火温度+10℃之间)下优选地至少45秒的时间。为此，均热区由本身已知的均热炉构成，该均热炉的长度适于在给定带的行进速度的情况下至少在最小所需时间期间保持温度。
第一传送区段2至少依次包括首先冷却装置21然后加热装置22。
冷却装置21(可以由本身已知的多个冷却箱211构成)在不冷却至最大冷却效率之间可控制，以便能够使带以可调节的冷却速率冷却至预定淬火温度，或者不使带冷却。冷却速率和淬火温度必须根据所生产的钢板的类型来选择。例如，对于由DP钢制成的板，带不必在第一传送区段中被冷却，其仅必须能够自然地冷却至进入过时效区段中的进入温度。对于由TRIP钢制成的板，带必须以例如约25℃/秒的冷却速度冷却至例如约450℃的过时效温度OAT。例如，对于由Q&P钢制成的板，带必须以至少40℃/秒，优选地至少50℃/秒的冷却速度淬火至在100℃与370℃之间、优选地在140℃与355℃之间可调节的淬火温度QT。退火温度与淬火温度之间的最大差值优选地小于650℃。
为此，冷却装置21必须使得带的冷却速度可以在0℃/秒与约70℃/秒之间调节，并且使得淬火温度可以在100℃与500℃之间调节。
优选地，带在待再加热之前保持处于淬火温度约1秒至2秒，尽管高达10秒没有不利影响。
如果冷却装置21由多个冷却箱211构成，则这些冷却箱优选地是可独立控制的。
冷却箱211例如是本身已知的能够向带空气、气体或者空气或气体和水的混合物吹风的吹风箱。
加热装置22可以由以下组成：例如能够以4.0MW的功率被供给的一个感应线圈或者各自能够对更高容量的线路供给4.0MW的功率的两个感应线圈，并且必须是可控制的以在板由Q&P钢制成的情况下将带快速加热至预定过时效温度，或者在板由DP或TRIP钢制成的情况下不加热板。
对于Q&P钢而言，过时效温度通常在340℃与490℃之间，优选地在350℃与480℃之间。
过时效区段3是包括已知的可控制装置的均热炉，该可控制装置能够将带的温度保持在300℃与700℃之间，优选地在340℃与480℃之间的预定过时效温度下，该预定过时效温度为约下述温度：带在第一传送区段的输出处以该温度被引入过时效区段中。但是，该区段也能够不保持温度，而是能够使其稳定地降低至优选地等于或约等于涂覆温度的输出温度，即在必须进行涂覆的情况下带必须被引入热浸涂覆区段5中所处的温度。通常，该温度为约460℃。
当板由DP钢制成时，带以大致在650℃与700℃之间，但是可以在550℃与700℃之间的温度被引入过时效区段中，并且带被有规律地冷却至优选地等于涂覆温度的输出温度。带也可以以适当的冷却速率冷却至引入过时效区段中的温度，然后在全部过时效区段中保持该温度，随后以对于厚度高达至少2mm的板而言优选至少50℃/秒的冷却速度冷却至涂覆的温度。
当板由TRIP钢制成时，带以过时效温度被引入过时效区段中，该过时效温度通常为约450℃或460℃或在400℃至460℃范围内并且在过时效退出时优选地等于涂覆温度，并且将带保持在该温度或该温度周围，即在过时效温度-10℃与过时效温度+10℃之间持续通常在20秒与60秒之间的时间。
当板由Q&P钢制成时，带以通过第一传送区段的加热装置获得的过时效温度被引入过时效区段中，并且保持在该温度或约为该温度(即，在过时效温度-10℃与过时效温度+10℃之间)持续通常在20秒与60秒之间的时间。
如前所述，过时效温度通常在340℃与480℃之间，并且优选地在350℃与480℃之间。此外，过时效温度与淬火温度之间的差必须保持小于330℃。
通常，当带被随后镀锌时，在过时效温度下的保持时间为至少30秒。当带被镀锌层扩散退火处理时，保持时间优选地为至少45秒。
使均热炉的长度适合于使得保持时间可以是在给定带在线中的行进速度的情况下的特定时间。
第二传送区段4包括可控制的冷却装置41，该可控制的冷却装置41例如存在于吹风箱411中，该吹风箱411能够使带从高于涂覆温度的过时效温度冷却至涂覆温度，即在高于460℃但低于490℃的温度之间的温度，例如在450℃与460℃之间的温度。对于一些钢比如DP钢而言，冷却装置41必须能够使厚度高达至少2mm的板从在550℃与700℃之间的温度以优选地至少50℃/秒的冷却速度冷却。在这种情况下，如果冷却装置是吹风箱411，这些吹风箱必须能够进行这种冷却。如果不需要冷却，则不可以使用这些装置。
第二传送区段4还包括可控制的快速加热装置42，比如感应加热器，该可控制的快速加热装置42能够将带从小于涂覆温度的过时效温度加热至涂覆温度，即从小于460℃但高于340℃的温度到例如在450℃与460℃之间或400℃至460℃的温度。如果不需要加热，则不必使用这些加热装置。
热浸涂覆区段5包括至少本领域技术人员已知的液态金属浴51、合金化装置52和冷却装置53。热浸涂覆区段5还包括本领域技术人员还已知的镀后冷却(after-pot-cooling，或APC)区段54、55。
液态金属浴例如是用于镀锌或镀锌层扩散退火处理的液态锌或液态锌合金的浴。
合金化装置是能够使带保持在通常在480℃至570℃之间的合金化温度下的炉，并且在带被镀锌层扩散退火处理时使用。
通过该线，能够实现对应于生产DP钢板、TRIP钢板或Q&P钢板所需的热循环。这些循环的温度对时间的图在图2中示出。
对于Q&P钢而言，带在退火区段1中被加热至在795℃与910℃之间的退火温度AT，并且保持101在该温度下。然后，在第一传送区段中，带被快速冷却102至在140℃与355℃之间的淬火温度QT，然后再加热102a或102b至在340℃与490℃之间的过时效温度。然后，在过时效区段中，带被保持103a或103b在可以高于、低于或等于涂覆温度的过时效温度下。
然后，如果过时效温度不等于涂覆温度，则带被冷却104a或加热104b至涂覆温度。
带通过镀锌50、50a或镀锌层扩散退火处理50、50b被涂覆。
对于TRIP钢而言，带被加热至在830℃与870℃之间的退火温度并且保持201在此温度下，在退火区段1中，然后带在第一传送区段2中被冷却202至约为涂覆温度的约450℃的过时效温度。然后，带在过时效区段3中被保持203在此温度下并且带在不改变其温度或通过在必要时对其进行调节的情况下穿过第二传送区段4。随后，带例如通过镀锌或镀锌层扩散退火处理来涂覆。
对于DP钢而言，在退火区段1中，带被加热至例如在770℃与840℃之间的退火温度，并且保持301在该温度下。然后，带在不加热或不强制冷却302的情况下穿过第一传送区段2以便在650℃或甚至550℃与700℃之间的温度TDP下被引入过时效区段3中。在一个实施方案中，在过时效区段中，带的温度有规律地降低303至涂覆温度。在第二传送区段中，带的温度根据需要进行调节。然后，带例如通过镀锌或镀锌层扩散退火处理来涂覆。在另一实施方案中，在过时效区段中，带的温度被保持303’在温度TDP或大约此温度下。在第二传送区段4中，对高达至少2mm的所有规格而言，带以优选地为至少50℃/秒的冷却速度被冷却304。然后，带例如通过镀锌或镀锌层扩散退火处理来涂覆。
应当指出的是，热浸涂覆不一定是锌涂层，而是可以是所有类型的热浸涂覆金属涂层。
由于处理线的所有区段是独立可控制的，因此能够在同一处理线上连续生产由TRIP钢、DP钢和Q&P钢制成的各种板。

Claims (10)

1.一种配置成对钢带进行热处理和热浸涂覆的多用途连续处理线，所述多用途连续处理线依次包括：
-退火区段(1)，所述退火区段(1)用于将所述钢带加热至预定退火温度并且用于将所述钢带保持在所述退火温度下，
-第一传送区段(2)
-过时效区段(3)，所述过时效区段(3)能够将所述钢带保持在300℃与700℃之间的过时效温度下，
-第二传送区段(4)，所述第二传送区段(4)能够调节所述钢带的温度以允许所述钢带的热浸涂覆，以及
-热浸涂覆区段(5)，
其中所述第一传送区段(2)依次包括冷却装置(21)和加热装置(22)，并且其中所述第二传送区段(4)依次包括用于通过冷却或通过加热来调节所述钢带的温度的可控制的冷却装置(41)和可控制的加热装置(42)，所述可控制的冷却装置(41)能够将所述钢带从高于涂覆温度的过时效温度冷却至所述涂覆温度，所述可控制的加热装置(42)能够将所述钢带从低于所述涂覆温度的过时效温度加热至所述涂覆温度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多用途连续处理线，其中所述第一传送区段(2)的所述冷却装置(21)可控制为使得所述冷却装置(21)的冷却能力能够在不冷却与快速冷却至预定淬火温度之间调节，而所述第一传送区段(2)的所述加热装置(22)可控制为使得所述加热装置(22)的加热能力能够在不加热与快速加热至预定过时效温度之间调节。
3.根据权利要求2所述的多用途连续处理线，其中所述第一传送区段(2)的所述冷却装置(21)使得冷却速度能够在0℃/秒与约70℃/秒之间调节并且淬火温度能够在100℃与500℃之间选择。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的多用途连续处理线，其中所述第一传送区段(2)的所述加热装置(22)包括至少一个可控制的感应加热器(221)。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的多用途连续处理线，其中所述可控制的冷却装置(41)能够使厚度高达2mm的板以至少50℃/秒的冷却速度从在550℃与700℃之间的温度冷却至热浸涂覆温度。
6.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的多用途连续处理线，其中所述过时效区段(3)包括可控制装置，所述可控制装置能够将所述钢带的温度保持在过时效温度附近或者允许所述钢带的温度在进入温度与退出温度之间缓慢地下降。
7.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的多用途连续处理线，其中所述退火区段(1)包括使得所述预定退火温度能够在700℃与1000℃之间选择的可控制装置。
8.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的多用途连续处理线，其中所述热浸涂覆区段(5)包括至少液态金属浴(51)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的多用途连续处理线，其中所述热浸涂覆区段(5)还包括用于涂层的合金化装置(52)。
10.根据权利要求8所述的多用途连续处理线，其中所述热浸涂覆区段(5)是镀锌区段或镀锌层扩散退火处理区段。
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