CN106631490A - Cadmium-reducing selenium-enriched organic fertilizer for crops as well as preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Cadmium-reducing selenium-enriched organic fertilizer for crops as well as preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106631490A CN106631490A CN201611249743.8A CN201611249743A CN106631490A CN 106631490 A CN106631490 A CN 106631490A CN 201611249743 A CN201611249743 A CN 201611249743A CN 106631490 A CN106631490 A CN 106631490A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, and in particular relates to a cadmium-reducing selenium-enriched organic fertilizer applied to treatment and remediation of heavy metal pollution of soil and a preparation method thereof. According to the invention, a way that chemical adsorption of tea polyphenol and functional groups of humic acid, which are contained in camellia seed meal and theaceae plant residual bodies on cadmium and physical adsorption of oil waste clay and medical stone on cadmium are combined is uniquely adopted for greatly lowering the content of available cadmium in soil, and a selenium-containing compound and especially a means that selenized protein can form a cadmium-selenium-protein complex are adopted, so that an obvious cadmium reducing effect is achieved; and absorption of plants on cadmium is inhibited by utilizing the characteristic that selenium has a competitive antagonistic effect on cadmium and providing a large amount of selenium elements, and migration and enrichment of a cadmium element towards plants are stopped. The organic fertilizer provided by the invention has the advantages that raw materials are available, the cost is low, production processing wastes are utilized and changed into things of value, and the preparation method is simple, environment-friendly and easy to realize industrialized large-scale production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural production technologies, more particularly to one kind are applied to administer and repairing heavy metal in soil is dirty
Drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer of dye and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Soil pollution is called " invisible pollution " and latent time most long pollution, current China's soil pollution day
Become serious, arable land, urban soil, industrial base Soil Surrounding, industrial and mining area soil are polluted by different degrees of, and therein
Heavy metal pollution is particularly severe, and the sustainable development to ecological environment, food security and agricultural constitutes a threat to.Cadmium is soil weight
One of most strong element of bio-toxicity in metallic pollution, its chemism in soil is strong, toxicity lasting, easily by food
The enrichment harm human health of chain.Show from the national Soil Pollution Investigation publications in 2014 announced, the point position of cadmium
Exceeding standard rate highest, is formally confirmed as the primary pollution administration thing of Chinese soil, thus, in the urgent need to effective Cadmium Pollution in Soils
Administer and recovery technique.
At present, to how to reduce the content of cadmium in soil environment, reducing its research to crop products pollution and mainly collecting
In at following several aspects.One is the pH value that soil is improved by alkaline matter such as lime stone, reduces Cd2+It is active and mobile
Property plays a part of passivation, but strong alkaline substance can destroy the acid-base balance and ecological environment of soil.Two is to utilize activated adoption
The physical absorption ability of material is fixed up the cadmium in water, such as activated carbon, but the cost of these materials is very high, it is difficult to big face
Product application, while physisorption is a kind of weaker active force, the cadmium steadiness of absorption is poor.Three is that plant is repaiied
It is multiple, the cadmium pollution in having special accumulation ability to cadmium to exclude soil by certain plants, but such plant is not to be adapted to
Plant in all of soil, while the cycle of phytoremediation is very long.
Selenium, is universally acknowledged with a kind of element for improving body immunity and anti-tumor function, is that human body is indispensable
One kind trace element, and selenium cannot synthesize in human body, and human body supplements selenium element mainly by taking in selenium-enriched food.Therefore, apply
With selenium fertilizer using the enrichment of plant to improve crops in selenium content, it is to solve that serial selenium-enriched food is developed on this basis
Certainly lack the effective way of selenium problem.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of movement that can suppress cadmium element in soil, prevents
Cadmium element reduces pollution of the cadmium element to crops from soil to plant migration and in its internal enrichment, while improving in soil
The content of selenium element, strengthens drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer of soil fertility and preparation method thereof.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solution：
One kind drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer, is with 40～60 by camellia seed meal, grease spent bleaching clay, plant residue：5～10：12～28
Weight than constitute mixture Jing after compost fermentation gained it is organic become thoroughly decomposed material mix with humic acid, plant ash, medical stone powder
It is formulated.
It is further preferred that a kind of drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer, is by organic material, humic acid, plant ash, medical stone powder of becoming thoroughly decomposed
It is with 70～85：6～10：8～15：10～18 weight is formed than mixed preparing.
A kind of preparation method of drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is comprised the following steps：
（1）Get the raw materials ready, mixing process
By camellia seed meal, grease spent bleaching clay, plant residue with 40～60 in fermentation tank：5～10：12～28 weight is than mixed
Close uniform and mixture is obtained；
Sodium selenite aqueous solution is sprayed to mixture, the water content of mixture is caused after stirring 50～60%；
（2）Sweat
By mixture heap be set to 1.5～2 meters high, 2～3 meters wide of bar pile shape carry out compost fermentation, when temperature rises to 60～65
DEG C when standby carried out turning first and processed with turning over to cast；
Bank up again after the mixture temperature of turning is down to room temperature, again turning is processed when temperature rises to 60～65 DEG C,
Sodium selenite aqueous solution is sprayed simultaneously ensures the water content of mixture 50～60%, so repeatedly 5～10 times, until heap body temperature
Degree is down to room temperature and is no longer risen, and sweat terminates；
(3) After-ripening
Mixture heap after fermented process is set to into pile, and is sealed with covered rearing with plastic film, stack 15～30 days to mixture
Free from extraneous odour, you can obtain organic material that becomes thoroughly decomposed；
（4）Process for preparation
Organic material that becomes thoroughly decomposed is uniformly mixed according to a certain percentage with humic acid, plant ash, medical stone powder, is dried, extruding is made
Drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is obtained after grain.
Wherein, described plant residue is plant of theaceae residuum, is further optimized for oil-tea camellia husks, Camellia Leaves, oil tea
One or more in flower, tea tree, tealeaf residue.
Wherein, the content of sodium selenite is 2～10 g kgs in described sodium selenite aqueous solution.
Further preferably in scheme, described humic acid and the grain graininess of medical stone powder is more than 200 mesh.
A kind of Se content of drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is more than 10 grams/double centner.
Grease spent bleaching clay described in the technical program is to have adsorbed certain in decoloration process for oil and fat refining process
The oil-containing atlapulgite of gauging fat, is the solid waste produced in a kind of course of oil processing.In this programme, grease is useless white
Grease in soil is that microbial reproduction and growth provide energy and nutrient so as to be consumed, and with the consumption of grease, activity
The multi-pore structure of carclazyte is presented again, and larger specific surface area and pore volume makes it have stronger adsorption capacity.
Humic acid described in the technical program is animals and plants remains, especially plant remains, by microorganism decompose with
Conversion, and the type organic matter formed during geochemistry is a series of.Humic acid contains substantial amounts of functional group, and sense
Group can form co-ordination complex with metal ion, reach the effect of the absorption to metal ion and absorption.
Medical stone described in the technical program is a kind of natural aluminosilicate mineral material, containing magnesium, iron, zinc, copper etc.
Trace element, loose porous internal structure makes it have preferable suction-operated.
Plant residue described in the technical program is plant of theaceae residuum, is further optimized for oil-tea camellia husks, oil tea
One or more in leaf, oil tea, tea tree, tealeaf residue.All containing abundant tea in camellia seed meal and plant of theaceae body
Polyphenol and Tea Saponin isoreactivity composition, and Tea Polyphenols can occur complex reaction, the coordination behavior chelating of Tea Polyphenols with metal ion
Metal ion makes it precipitate.Tea Saponin is a kind of nonionic surfactant and natural antibacterial agent, good surface-active
Ability makes it have the ability for carrying and migrating material, and excellent antibacterial ability can resist the erosion of pest and disease damage.
The know-why of the invention described above technical scheme is mainly reflected in：
1st, the alkaline state of drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is kept by adding the materials such as plant ash, improves the pH value of soil, promote to live
Bold and vigorous cadmium ion to cadmium hydroxide changes, and the activity of cadmium element is reduced, while can activate Tea Polyphenols and humic in weakly alkaline environment
Functional group forms co-ordination complex with cadmium ion on the biologically active of Suan Shang functional groups, Tea Polyphenols and humic acid so that commutative
State cadmium to organically combine state cadmium is converted, and reaches the purpose of chemisorbed cadmium element.
2nd, using the surface-active ability of surfactant Tea Saponin present in drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer, cadmium element is drawn
With with reference to state cadmium to the grease spent bleaching clay with loose structure and medical stone surface aggregation.Grease spent bleaching clay and medical stone have huge
Cadmium element is fixed on grease by big surface area, flourishing microcellular structure by way of physical absorption and ion exchange absorption
In the microcellular structure of spent bleaching clay and medical stone.
3rd, using microorganism in the selenium-enriched organic fertilizer production of drop cadmium is in the breeding of sweat and grows inorganic selenium（Selenous acid
Sodium）Be converted into the Organic Selenium such as selenium-containing compound such as selenizing albumen, and in soil selenium-containing compound especially selenizing albumen can be with
Cadmium element forms cadmium-selenium-protein complex, reduces soil available Cd content.Meanwhile, selenium has antagonism, energy
Absorption of the Reverse transcriptase plant to cadmium element, prevents cadmium element to plant migration and enrichment.
Compared with prior art, advantage for present invention is：
1st, functional group on the unique employing camellia seed meal of the present invention and plant of theaceae residuum are contained within Tea Polyphenols and humic acid
Chemisorption and grease spent bleaching clay and medical stone to cadmium is substantially reduced to the mode that the physisorption of cadmium combines
The content of soil available Cd, and using selenium-containing compound especially selenizing albumen can with cadmium element formed cadmium-selenium-
The means such as protein complex, reach drop cadmium action effect obvious；Simultaneously there is competitive antagonism to cadmium using selenium, pass through
Substantial amounts of selenium element is provided and suppresses absorption of the plant to cadmium, prevent cadmium element to plant migration and enrichment.
2nd, the selenium source that the present invention is provided is, easily by the Organic Selenium that plant absorbed and utilized, and to overcome inorganic selenium
Toxic and side effect.
3rd, the fertilizer that the present invention is provided effectively improves soil organic matter content, improves soil compaction and acidifying situation, increases
Strong soil fertility.
4th, the fertilizer that the present invention is provided is adapted to various crops, can improve disease-resistant crops ability and crops quality.
5th, raw material sources of the present invention are extensively, with low cost, turned waste into wealth using production and processing discarded object, while preparation method
Simply, environmental friendliness, it is easy to which industrially scalable metaplasia is produced.
Specific embodiment：
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to specific embodiment, but it is not as a limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1：
The plant residue for constituting camellia seed meal, grease spent bleaching clay, tea seed shell and tealeaf residue in fermentation tank is with 50： 8：20
Weight ratio be well mixed and be obtained mixture, to mixture spray sodium selenite content be 5 g kgs the aqueous solution, stirring
After uniform the water content of mixture is measured 55%；By mixture heap be set to 1.5～2 meters high, 2～3 meters wide of bar pile shape carry out heap
Fertilizer fermentation, standby carried out turning first and is processed with turning over to cast when temperature rises to 60～65 DEG C；The mixture temperature for treating turning is down to
Bank up again after room temperature, again turning is processed when temperature rises to 60～65 DEG C, while spraying sodium selenite aqueous solution ensures mixed
The water content of compound 50～60%, so repeatedly be down to room temperature and no longer rise after 6 times, and sweat terminates by heap temperature；Will
Mixture heap after fermented process is set to pile, and is sealed with covered rearing with plastic film, and mixture free from extraneous odour is found after stacking 24 days,
Organic material that becomes thoroughly decomposed can be obtained；By organic material that becomes thoroughly decomposed with humic acid, plant ash, medical stone powder according to 80：8：12：10 weight ratio is stirred
Mix and be well mixed, be dried, drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is obtained after extruder grain.
Embodiment 2：
The plant residue for constituting camellia seed meal, grease spent bleaching clay, Camellia Leaves and oil tea in fermentation tank is with 48：7：18 weight
Amount is obtained mixture than being well mixed, and to mixture the aqueous solution that sodium selenite content is 8 g kgs is sprayed, and stirs
The water content of mixture is measured afterwards 58%；Mixture heap is set to into 1.5～2 meters high, 2～3 meters wide of bar pile shape carries out compost and send out
Ferment, standby carried out turning first and is processed with turning over to cast when temperature rises to 60～65 DEG C；The mixture temperature for treating turning is down to room temperature
Bank up again afterwards, again turning is processed when temperature rises to 60～65 DEG C, while spraying sodium selenite aqueous solution ensures mixture
Water content 50～60%, so repeatedly heap temperature is down to room temperature and is no longer risen after 7 times, and sweat terminates；Jing is sent out
Mixture heap after ferment process is set to pile, and is sealed with covered rearing with plastic film, and mixture free from extraneous odour is found after stacking 20 days, you can
Obtain organic material that becomes thoroughly decomposed；By organic material that becomes thoroughly decomposed with humic acid, plant ash, medical stone powder according to 78：6：10：14 weight is more mixed than stirring
Close uniform, be dried, drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is obtained after extruder grain.
Embodiment 3：
The plant residue for constituting camellia seed meal, grease spent bleaching clay, tea tree and tealeaf residue in fermentation tank is with 55：8：25 weight
Amount is obtained mixture than being well mixed, and to mixture the aqueous solution that sodium selenite content is 6 g kgs is sprayed, and stirs
The water content of mixture is measured afterwards 60%；Mixture heap is set to into 1.5～2 meters high, 2～3 meters wide of bar pile shape carries out compost and send out
Ferment, standby carried out turning first and is processed with turning over to cast when temperature rises to 60～65 DEG C；The mixture temperature for treating turning is down to room temperature
Bank up again afterwards, again turning is processed when temperature rises to 60～65 DEG C, while spraying sodium selenite aqueous solution ensures mixture
Water content 50～60%, so repeatedly heap temperature is down to room temperature and is no longer risen after 10 times, and sweat terminates；By Jing
Mixture heap after sweat is set to pile, and is sealed with covered rearing with plastic film, mixture free from extraneous odour is found after stacking 27 days, i.e.,
Organic material that becomes thoroughly decomposed can be obtained；By organic material that becomes thoroughly decomposed with humic acid, plant ash, medical stone powder according to 82：8：8：12 weight is than stirring
It is well mixed, is dried, drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is obtained after extruder grain.
Embodiment 4：
Drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer obtained by separately sampled embodiment 1,2,3, and it is expressed as test sample 1,2,3.Weigh
It is put into after test sample fresh weight in blast drier and is dried to constant weight, then weigh quantitative dry weight and is put into crusher for crushing to 60 mesh
More than.Accurately weigh test sample 0.5g to be cleared up according to the micro-wave digestion program for setting, then accurately draw and clear up confession
Test agent solution, using hydride-generation atomic fluorescence method, according to the fluorescent value for clearing up test sample solution test sample is determined
The content of middle selenium.Experimental result such as table 1 below：
Embodiment 5：
The present embodiment experiment soil used takes from the Subtropical Red Soil of Liuyang City's Yongan town cadmium pollution, crosses 20 mesh sieves.According to 20%
Proportion adds the drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer obtained by embodiment 1,2,3 in soil, at the same set up blank group (i.e. without
Any fertilizer).Filling alms bowl after soil balance is aging 2 months carries out potted plant experiment.
Plant selected by this experiment is capsicum and corn, chooses the seedling replanting of the capsicum and corn for growing fine to basin alms bowl
In, the experimental group of every kind of plant is respectively 20 plants, in each basin alms bowl be loaded into 2 plants of similar plants, the growth period of plant it is daily
Management is all Routine Management, after plant to be planted grows to the maturity period, harvests edible part as laboratory sample.
Take laboratory sample deionized water to clean, 40 mesh sieves were crushed with plant pulverizer after being dried, precision weighs 5g samples
Product add nitration mixture soaked overnight to conical flask, are cleared up to digestion completely with electric hot plate low temperature, and acid is driven in heating, and cooling shifts fixed
Hold.Using the content of cadmium, two kinds of elements of selenium in aas determination sample.Experimental result such as table 2 below：
As can be seen from Table 2, the Se content of the fruit of the drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer production that prepared by the present invention is 1.472
～3.015 mg/kg, selenium-rich effect is obvious；It is simultaneously 48.8～55.3% to the abatement ability of cadmium, abatement ability is projected.
Claims (7)
1. it is a kind of to drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer, it is characterised in that described drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is that camellia seed meal, grease is useless white
Soil, plant residue are with 40～60：5～10：Organic corruption of mixture Jing compost fermentation after gained of 12～28 weight than constituting
Grog is formed with humic acid, plant ash, medical stone powder mixed preparing.
2. it is a kind of it is as claimed in claim 1 drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer preparation method, it is characterised in that described preparation method
Comprise the following steps：
Get the raw materials ready, mixing process
By camellia seed meal, grease spent bleaching clay, plant residue with 40～60 in fermentation tank：5～10：12～28 weight is than mixed
Close uniform and mixture is obtained；
Sodium selenite aqueous solution is sprayed to mixture, the water content of mixture is caused after stirring 50～60%；
Sweat
By mixture heap be set to 1.5～2 meters high, 2～3 meters wide of bar pile shape carry out compost fermentation, when temperature rises to 60～65
DEG C when standby carried out turning first and processed with turning over to cast；
Bank up again after the mixture temperature of turning is down to room temperature, again turning is processed when temperature rises to 60～65 DEG C,
Sodium selenite aqueous solution is sprayed simultaneously ensures the water content of mixture 50～60%, so repeatedly 5～10 times, until heap body temperature
Degree is down to room temperature and is no longer risen, and sweat terminates；
(3) After-ripening
Mixture heap after fermented process is set to into pile, and is sealed with covered rearing with plastic film, stack 15～30 days to mixture
Free from extraneous odour, you can obtain organic material that becomes thoroughly decomposed；
Process for preparation
Organic material that becomes thoroughly decomposed is uniformly mixed according to a certain percentage with humic acid, plant ash, medical stone powder, is dried, extruding is made
Drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is obtained after grain.
3. a kind of drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is
It is with 70～85 by organic material, humic acid, plant ash, medical stone powder of becoming thoroughly decomposed：6～10：8～15：10～18 weight is than mixing
It is formulated.
4. cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer drops in one kind according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described plant residue is Theaceae
Plant residue, one or more be further optimized in oil-tea camellia husks, Camellia Leaves, oil tea, tea tree, tealeaf residue.
5. it is according to claim 2 it is a kind of drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer preparation method, it is characterised in that described selenous acid
The content of sodium selenite is 2～10 g kgs in sodium water solution.
6. a kind of drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described humic acid and medical stone powder
Grain graininess be 200 mesh more than.
7. it is a kind of to drop cadmium selenium-enriched organic fertilizer, it is characterised in that it adopts the drop cadmium obtained by preparation method as claimed in claim 2
The Se content of selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is more than 10 grams/double centner.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN107474855A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-12-15 | 展亚男 | A kind of composite for restoration of the ecosystem and its preparation method and application |
| CN113979811A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-01-28 | 广东富晞生物科技有限公司 | Selenium-rich cadmium-reducing lead-reducing mineral substance bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN113973644A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-28 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所(贵州省生态农业工程技术研究中心)(贵州省农业资源与环境研究所) | Low-cadmium selenium-rich dictyophora textilis planting method |
| CN116530375A (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-08-04 | 宜春市科学院(江西富硒产业研究院) | Planting method of selenium-enriched vegetables |
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| CN113973644A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-28 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所(贵州省生态农业工程技术研究中心)(贵州省农业资源与环境研究所) | Low-cadmium selenium-rich dictyophora textilis planting method |
| CN113973644B (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-11-01 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所(贵州省生态农业工程技术研究中心)(贵州省农业资源与环境研究所) | Low-cadmium selenium-rich dictyophora textilis planting method |
| CN113979811A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-01-28 | 广东富晞生物科技有限公司 | Selenium-rich cadmium-reducing lead-reducing mineral substance bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN116530375A (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-08-04 | 宜春市科学院(江西富硒产业研究院) | Planting method of selenium-enriched vegetables |
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