CN102321484A - Organic environmentally-friendly soil conditioner for improving acidified or acid soil - Google Patents
Organic environmentally-friendly soil conditioner for improving acidified or acid soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an organic environmentally-friendly soil conditioner for improving acidified or acid soil and a preparation method thereof. The soil conditioner is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 23-46 parts of biogas residue, 14-24 parts of shell powder, 16-25 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 13-20 parts of plant ash, 0.1-0.2 part of chitosan, 5-7 parts of zeolite powder and 6-9 parts of bentonite. The soil conditioner is prepared through pretreatment of the biogas residue, pretreatment of the shell powder and the like; through the produced soil conditioner, the pH value of soil can be increased; nutritive elements such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the soil are increased; the organic matter content in the soil is increased; the water retention and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil is improved; the physicochemical property of the soil is improved; the antiretroviral (diseases, pests, drought and the like) capacity of crops is improved; heavy metal poison is reduced; and the soil conditioner is convenient to apply, is not influenced by wind power and is suitable for mechanical working.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of organic environment-friendly soil conditioner of improveing acidifying or acid soil and preparation method thereof, belong to solid waste recycle and field of agricultural production technologies.
Background technology
Owing to receive factor affecting such as soil parent material, cropping pattern, fertilising, weather, distributing about area of China is 200,000,000 hectares a acid soil at present.The pH value of most of acid soil is less than 5.5, and is that have even lower.Shandong Province's soil total area is 1,211 ten thousand hectares, and acid brown earth area reaches 170.62 ten thousand hectares, and especially in northern Shandong, Shandong area, the pH value of some orchard soils even reach 4.5 has a strong impact on fruit tree growth.During protection ground facilities vegetable was produced, because continuous cropping for many years, the excessive chemical fertilizer of using caused the soil acidification phenomenon to be on the rise, and became to realize that the facilities vegetable product safety is produced and the significant limitation factor of Sustainable development.In addition, along with the unreasonable of inorganic chemical fertilizer used in a large number, cause the reasons such as acid deposition increase that the acid gas discharging is caused, cause the acidified soil area to increase year by year, the soil acidification degree is obviously quickened.
The influence that soil acidification brings following several respects to agriculture prodn and human lives, the one, cause the Soil structure variation, cation exchange capacity and degree of base saturation reduce, and loss of soil nutrient is serious, and the poor ridge of soil influences plant normal growth; The 2nd, aluminiferous primary and secondary mineral weathering acceleration forms the aluminum compound that plant can absorb form in the soil.The excessive absorption aluminium of plant causes that output reduces, quality descends, and diseases and insect pests resistance reduces, even can cause crop aluminium to be poisoned with poison dying; The 3rd, it is movable to influence soil microorganisms, and soil microorganisms quantity is reduced, and microbial growth and activity are suppressed, thereby influences the circulation of C, N, P, S in decomposition and the soil of the soil organism; The 4th, the activity of toxic metal element in the raising soil, these toxic metal elements get into food chain through crop, and then are detrimental to health.
The tradition acidifying method of improving the soil is a liming.Though liming has been alleviated the acidizing degree of soil within the specific limits; But because not high, long-term, the excessive liming of the movability of lime in soil can cause hardening of topsoil, available nutrient too much by calcification; Can't be absorbed by crop, cause the unbalance of nutritive element.Except the method for utilizing lime improvement acid soil, people also find to utilize some mineral and the trade waste acidity of also improving the soil, like mineral and trade wastes such as rhombspar, phosphogypsum, flyash, ground phosphate rock and alkaline residues.Though above modifying agent is sweetening of the soil acidity to a certain extent, raw material is also relatively more sufficient, the part that also comes with some shortcomings, as use the Mineral resources that rhombspar needs consume valuable, also can increase the cost of agriculture prodn; Most of trade wastes contain a certain amount of toxic metal element; As containing a spot of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) in phosphogypsum, the ground phosphate rock, also contain a spot of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) in the flyash.Though content seldom, long-term application still exists the risk of contaminate environment.
Chinese patent file CN200610035807.4 discloses a kind of method of utilizing soda-manufacturing waste residue and municipal sludge to produce acid soil conditioner; Chinese patent file CN200810141039.X discloses soil conditioner and has contained fertilizer of soil conditioner and preparation method thereof; Chinese patent file CN200910039237.X discloses a kind of fertility-betterment type soil-conditioner and preparation method thereof.Above-mentioned patent document all utilizes and utilizes unslaked lime to handle municipal sludge in the trade wastes, particularly CN200610035807.4 such as flyash, alkaline residue or municipal sludge.Owing to contain some objectionable constituent in the municipal sludge; Like various cause of disease mattresses, parasitic ovum; And the toxic organic compound matter of difficult degradation such as heavy metal such as Ni, Cd, Pb and polychlorobiphenyl 、 dioxin, soluble salt content is also higher, to plant and the toxic effect of mikrobe.Utilize unslaked lime can only kill various cause of disease mattresses, parasitic ovum etc., can not separate the murder by poisoning of removing heavy metals and toxic organic compound matter.Chinese patent file CN 200710029172.1 provides a kind of preparation method of southern dry land acidic soil conditioner; Adopting calcining shell product, calcium magnesium silicate and magnesium ammonium phosphate is the feedstock production soil conditioner; This soil conditioner adopts inorganic substance; Elements such as the calcium that lacks in the soil, magnesium, silicon can only be replenished, problems such as Soil structure variation that soil acidification causes, the reduction of microbe population kind can not be solved.Chinese patent file CN 200910067065.7 relates to soil conditioner of vegetable protecting field, and the main effect of this amendment is to improve the soil, increase fertilizer efficiency, and is little to the regulating effect of soil acidity.
Summary of the invention
To the deficiency of existing soil conditioner technology of preparing, the present invention provides a kind of the have soil acidity of reduction, increase fertilizer efficiency, chessom, raising soil water-retaining property, multi-functional organic environment-friendly soil conditioner and preparation method thereof.
Summary of the invention
Make the problem of raw material to the trade waste that utilizes flyash, alkaline residue or municipal sludge etc. possibly cause heavy metal-polluted soil to be poisoned that exists in the existing soil conditioner technology of preparing, the present invention adopts natural or environment is not had the feedstock production soil conditioners such as straw burning thing plant ash, oyster shell whiting, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate of any pollution.To the single problem of existing soil improvement agent effect, it is organic raw material that the present invention adopts the natural pond slag, improves soil organic matter content; Adopt zeolite to improve the water retention capacity of soil; Adopt oyster shell whiting and wilkinite to improve air permeability, water-permeable, the nutrient preserving capability of soil; Adopt profitable strain and excretory active substance thereof in chitosan and the natural pond slag to improve the plant stress-resistance ability, suppress growth of pathogenic bacteria, improve the kind and the quantity of probiotics; Utilize that the natural pond slag is organic, swelling scholar and zeolite powder be to the absorption switching performance of the heavy metal in the soil such as Pb, Ni, As, Cd etc., reduces the biological effectiveness of heavy metal; Utilize plant ash, oyster shell whiting, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate to be alkaline matter, and contain various nutrient elements, solve the low and calcium magnesium phosphoric shortage problem of acid soil pH.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
Technical scheme of the present invention is following:
A kind of organic environment-friendly soil conditioner of improveing acidifying or acid soil is to be processed by following weight part raw material:
Raw material according to the invention is all commercially available, and is wherein preferred, described natural pond slag be by the mother liquor after the methane-generating pit fermentation through solid-liquid separation, get solid part natural pond slag and carry out air-dry or oven dry, make natural pond slag water cut less than 30wt%.
Described oyster shell whiting is one of natural scallop shell, oyster shells, CONCHA MERETRICIS SEU CYCLINAE, engraving curtain clam shell, clam shell or 900～1000 ℃ of high-temperature calcinations of mixing warp, crosses the oyster shell whiting of 200 mesh sieves, is rich in quicklime.Said shell can be the waste in the processing, also can be by marine denudation mixing shell for many years.
Following raw material is all commercially available, also can be according to producer's self-condition by prior art for preparing.
Described plant ash is the residue behind the straw burning in biomass power station, and it contains various nutrient elements such as potassium, calcium, phosphorus, silicon, sulphur, magnesium, boron, zinc, and is wherein more with potassium, calcium, phosphorus content, contains potassium (with K
2O meter) 5%～12%, calcium (in CaO) 5%～20%, phosphorus are (with P
2O
5Meter) 0.5%～3.5%, be mass percent.
Described fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate is a Rock Phosphate (72Min BPL) and the ore that contains magnesium, silicon, in blast furnace or electric furnace, contains the glass state material that quicklime, Natural manganese dioxide, silicon-dioxide and phosphoric acid salt are staple through what high-temperature fusion, shrend, drying and levigate formed, contains P
2O
516%～22%, MgO 12%～15%, is mass percent.Industrial products are greyish-green or taupe brown powder, wherein 90% cross 100 mesh sieves.
Described chitosan is the deacetylated product of chitin, and through β-1, the linear polysaccharide that the condensation of 4-glycosidic link forms can dissolve in weak acid by GS.
Described zeolite powder is the aluminium silicate mineral of a kind of shape structure of slag formation, has very strong adsorptive power and very high cation exchange capacity, can promote the release of nutrient in the soil.
Described bentonitic essential mineral composition is a smectite; The quality percentage composition is 85%～90%; Wilkinite has very strong water absorbability, can adsorb the water that is equivalent to 8～20 times of own vols and is expanded to 30 times of original volume, and stronger CEC and adsorptive power are arranged.
According to the present invention, preferred parts by weight of raw materials is formed as follows:
24.3 parts of natural pond slags; 23 parts of oyster shell whitings; 18.5 parts in fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate; 20 parts of plant ash; 0.2 part of chitosan; 6 parts of zeolite powders; 8 parts of wilkinites.Be especially suitable for use as the special-purpose organic environment-friendly soil conditioner of improvement orchard acidified soil.
According to the present invention, preferred parts by weight of raw materials is formed as follows:
26 parts of natural pond slags; 18.9 parts of oyster shell whitings; 24 parts in fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate; 15 parts of plant ash; 0.1 part of chitosan; 7 parts of zeolite powders; 9 parts of wilkinites.Be especially suitable for use as the special-purpose organic environment-friendly soil conditioner of improvement green house of vegetables acidified soil.
According to the present invention, preferred parts by weight of raw materials is formed as follows:
45.9 parts of natural pond slags; 14 parts of oyster shell whitings; 16 parts in fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate; 13 parts of plant ash; 0.1 part of chitosan; 5 parts of zeolite powders; 6 parts of wilkinites.Be especially suitable for use as the special-purpose organic environment-friendly soil conditioner of the common acid soil of improvement.
The preparation method of the organic environment-friendly soil conditioner of improvement acidifying of the present invention or acid soil, step is following:
(1) pre-treatment of natural pond slag: will be that the biogas residue of main raw material obtains the natural pond slag that water cut is 50wt%～60wt% through solid-liquid separation with animal excrement and stalk, air-dry then or oven dry obtains the natural pond slag of water cut less than 30wt%; It is 0.5～1mm that slag shearing in natural pond is crushed to fineness;
(2) pre-treatment of oyster shell whiting: with one of natural scallop shell, oyster shells, CONCHA MERETRICIS SEU CYCLINAE, engraving curtain clam shell, clam shell or mix shell and dry to constant weight after with flushing with clean water; Place kiln; Be heated to 900～1000 ℃ and carry out high-temperature calcination 30～60min; Reduce to room temperature, grind then, cross 200 mesh sieves; Get oyster shell whiting;
(3) add oyster shell whiting, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, plant ash, chitosan, zeolite powder and the wilkinite of step (2) in the natural pond slag of in step (1), handling well, stir, mix, promptly get pulvis organic environment-friendly soil conditioner.
Continue following steps, further prepare granule type organic environment-friendly soil conditioner.
(4) the pulvis organic environment-friendly soil conditioner that step (3) is obtained carries out the disk granulation, through dry to moisture less than 20wt%, be cooled to 30 ℃～40 ℃ of room temperatures again, screening promptly gets the granule type organic environment-friendly soil conditioner of particle diameter 2～4mm.
Above-mentioned steps (1) natural pond slag is sheared and is pulverized the preferred wet feed kibbler that uses.
Granulating disc is adopted in above-mentioned steps (4) disk granulation, and dryer is adopted in oven dry, and cooler is adopted in cooling.
The employed equipment of above method is this area conventional equipment.
Preparing method of the present invention is a preferred version with embodiment 1.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, materials safety, environmental protection
Raw material that adopts among the present invention such as plant ash, oyster shell whiting, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate etc. are natural matter, and plant, human body and environment are not had any pollution.At present, the annual stalk output of China has about 600,000,000 t, and deduction industry, straw-returning, feed and life of farmers loose and burn the part that is consumed, and that the 2.5 hundred million t stalks of also having an appointment are in is idle, the state of utilization nowhere.Every busy farming season, the stalk that can't dispose is arbitrarily burned, and not only wastes resource but also serious environment pollution.The recovery energy of stalk provides opportunity for addressing this problem.Stalk contains 3%～5% ash content usually, is collected with the form of boiler fly ash and lime-ash, furnace bottom ash, wherein contains rich nutrient contents such as potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, can nutrition and improve the soil.The shellfishery of coastal area of china beach is very flourishing; All can produce a large amount of various shells every year; The annual at present shell that produces reaches more than millions of tons even the up to ten million ton, and these shells are not effectively utilized basically, destroys environment but be deposited in the seashore.The staple of shell classes such as these natural scallop shells, oyster shells is a lime carbonate, and at high temperature lime carbonate takes place to decompose and generates quicklime, can replenish the calcium that lacks in the soil.
The present invention has not only realized utilization of waste as resource with the amendment of above-mentioned substance as the improvement acid soil, and reduces environmental pollution, improves environment for human survival.
2, product function is various
(1) improves soil pH value
Plant ash among the present invention, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, oyster shell whiting etc. are alkaline matter and contain various nutrient elements, like calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc etc., can improve alkali displacement capacity, thereby soil pH value is raise.
(2) remedy nutritive elements such as calcium in the soil, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium
Behind the soil acidification, aluminiferous primary and secondary mineral weathering are quickened and are discharged a large amount of aluminum ions in the soil, form the aluminum compound that plant can absorb form; Soil acidification reduces cation exchange capacity and degree of base saturation, and the soil mineral nutritive element runs off serious, like calcium, magnesium deficiency; Soil acidification also makes soil that the fixed action of phosphate radical is strengthened, and the validity of soil phosphorus reduces.
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate not only provides 16%～22% low phosphorus among the present invention, and elements such as silicon, calcium, magnesium can also be provided, and MgO content reaches 12%～15%.About carbonated calcium (CaCO in the oyster shell whiting
3) 90%～95%, crude protein 1.83%, crude fat 0.07%, nutritive elements such as carbamate additives for low phosphorus, manganese, zinc, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium.In addition, in the nacreous layer of shell, also contain multiple amino acids.The plant ash decapacitation is that crop provides outside the abundant potassium, and nutritive elements such as calcium, phosphorus, silicon, sulphur, magnesium, boron, zinc can also be provided.Zeolite has very strong adsorptive power and very high cation exchange capacity, like the adsorbable NH of zeolite
4 +And PO
4 3-, adsorbed NH
4 +And PO
4 3-But major part is desorb.But zeolite is the activating soil insoluble phosphorus also, improves soil phosphorus supply situation.Contain various nutrient elements (like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, trace element) in the slag of natural pond, in addition also contain organic substances such as amino acid, carbohydrate, all can directly be absorbed by crop.
Can calcium source and nutritive element and organic substance be provided for crop so use soil conditioner of the present invention, thereby promote plant growth, reduce the farm crop physiological disease, improve quality of agricultural product.
(3) increase soil organic matter content, improve the soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability, improve soil physico-chemical property
The organic content of natural pond slag reaches 45% among the present invention, applies soil conditioner of the present invention and can obviously improve soil organic matter content; Zeolite makes the topsoil soils field capacity increase by 5%～15% under drought condition, improves the water retention capacity of soil; Oyster shell whiting is the porous material, and it is better to apply behind this material air permeability, water-permeable, the nutrient preserving capability of soil; Wilkinite has certain swelling property, dispersiveness and tackiness, and applying back soil agreegate quantity increases, and porosity increases, and the soil weight reduces.So after applying soil conditioner of the present invention, soil organic matter content increases, the preserve moisture and fertility ability improves, and soil agreegate quantity increases, and ventilation property strengthens.
(4) improve crop degeneration-resistant (disease, worm, drought etc.) ability
Profitable strain in the slag of natural pond and excretory active substance thereof (like degeneration-resistant material, proline(Pro), linolic acid etc.; Various lytic enzymes; Growth hormone is like dormin, Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins and some microbiotic) pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum are had certain inhibition and killing action.Research shows, uses the soil conditioner that contains the natural pond slag and can prevent and treat wheat scab, rust, root rot; Corn northern and southern leaf blight; Cucurbits fusarium wilt; Rice blast, hypochnus; Sweet potato soft rot, black spot; Alternaria alternate, anthrax etc.; Also can prevent eliminating aphis, Pyrausta nubilalis (Hubern)., red spider, cabbage caterpillar, rice hopper, rice leafhopper etc.; Chitosan can promote actinomycetes and some other beneficial microorganism growths in the soil, plays resistant effect.Can also stop simultaneously the reproduction of phytopathogen, suppress the germinating growth of its spore, strengthen the protection function of host plant pathogenic bacteria, inhibited to growing of many fungal cells.According to research, chitosan to the antenatal of field crop, vegetables and fruit and postpartum disease the better prevention effect is arranged.In addition, chitosan can form one deck semi-transparent film in soil, and it can absorb the moisture in the soil, to seed the enough required moisture of germination is provided.Therefore, this soil conditioner has the effect of enhancing crop degeneration-resistant (disease, worm, drought etc.) property.
(5) reduce heavy metallic poison
Owing to contain great number of organic matters in the slag of natural pond, the functional group that organic matter has to the adsorptive power of metals ions such as Cd, As considerably beyond any other mineral colloid; Swelling scholar and zeolite powder can adsorb heavy metal such as Pb in the soil, Ni, As, Sb, Cd etc., reduce its biological effectiveness.Can reduce the murder by poisoning of heavy metal so use this product to agricultural-food.
3, use conveniently
This soil amendment can be made into pulvis or granule type, selects according to application process.Do not receive windage when particularly granule type is used, be fit to mechanized.
Do not limit especially in the method for the present invention, select to get final product by this area routine techniques.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further specified, among the embodiment not in detail the explanation all by state of the art, raw material used among the embodiment is following:
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, Fuquan phosphate fertilizer plant in Guizhou Province's is on sale; Chitosan, deacetylation＞80%, Jinan Haidebei Marine Organism Engineering Co., Ltd. is on sale; Plant ash is taken from state ability Gaotang bioelectrogenesis factory; Zeolite powder and wilkinite, Xinyang Pingqiao District Jinchuan mining industry mill house is on sale.Other raw materials do not add the commercially available conventional products of being of special instruction.
It is the gloomy board LX of Chinese 280-2 type screw type solid-liquid separating machine that solid-liquid separation among the embodiment preparation method adopts solid-liquid separating machine, and Chinese gloomy mechanical ltd in Zibo is on sale.The natural pond slag is sheared pulverizing adopt the wet feed kibbler, the triumphant letter machinofacture in Gongyi City ltd is on sale.Grind oyster shell whiting and adopt R type Raymond mill, the permanent machinofacture of Henan space ltd is on sale.Stirring the stirrer that adopts is the LJ2000 post-type mixer, and east, Tai drying plant Manufacturing Co., Ltd is on sale.The granulating disc that the disk granulation is adopted is a ZL30 type granulating disc, and the Zhengzhou City heavy industry machinery ltd that is bestowed by heaven is on sale.The dryer that oven dry is adopted is the HG2424 rotary dryer, and east, Tai drying plant Manufacturing Co., Ltd is on sale.The cooler that cooling is adopted is HL1818 rotary type cooling machine, and east, Tai drying plant Manufacturing Co., Ltd is on sale.
Embodiment 4～6, and data use DPS v2.00 statistical software to carry out variance analysis in table 1～table 3, use the Ducan duncan's new multiple range method and carry out multiple comparisons, and the different letter representation differences between processing data reach 5% level of signification, and this is the routine sign of this area.
Embodiment 1: the organic environment-friendly soil conditioner, and feed composition is following:
Natural pond slag 24.3kg; Oyster shell whiting 23kg; Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 18.5kg; Plant ash 20kg; Chitosan 0.2kg; Zeolite powder 6kg; Wilkinite 8kg.
Preparation process is following:
(1) pre-treatment of natural pond slag: will with animal excrement and stalk be the biogas residue of main raw material through solid-liquid separation, air-dry then or oven dry obtains the natural pond slag of water cut 25wt%; It is 0.8mm that slag shearing in natural pond is crushed to fineness;
(2) pre-treatment of oyster shell whiting: with one of natural scallop shell, oyster shells, CONCHA MERETRICIS SEU CYCLINAE, engraving curtain clam shell, clam shell or mix shell and dry to constant weight after with flushing with clean water; Place kiln; Be heated to 960-980 ℃ and carry out high-temperature calcination 40-50min, reduce to room temperature, grind then; Cross 200 mesh sieves, obtain being rich in the oyster shell whiting of quicklime;
(3) add oyster shell whiting, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, plant ash, chitosan, zeolite powder and wilkinite that step (2) makes in the natural pond slag of in step (1), handling well, stir, mix, promptly get pulvis organic environment-friendly soil conditioner.
Further preparation granule type organic environment-friendly soil conditioner step is following:
(4) the pulvis organic environment-friendly soil conditioner that step (3) is obtained carries out the disk granulation, then through dry to moisture less than 20wt%, be cooled to 30 ℃～40 ℃ again, screening promptly gets the granule type organic environment-friendly soil conditioner of particle diameter 2～4mm.
The soil conditioner of present embodiment is especially suitable for use as orchard acidified soil amendment, is also referred to as the special-purpose organic environment-friendly soil conditioner of orchard acidified soil.The field experiment result sees embodiment 4.
Embodiment 2: the organic environment-friendly soil conditioner, and feed composition is following:
Feed composition is following:
Natural pond slag 26kg; Oyster shell whiting 18.9kg; Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 24kg; Plant ash 15kg; Chitosan 0.1kg; Zeolite powder 7kg; Wilkinite 9kg.Preparation process such as embodiment 1.
The soil conditioner of present embodiment is especially suitable for use as green house of vegetables acidified soil amendment, is also referred to as the special-purpose organic environment-friendly soil conditioner of green house of vegetables acidified soil.The field experiment result sees embodiment 5.
Embodiment 3, organic environment-friendly soil conditioner, the feed composition weight part is following:
Natural pond slag 45.9kg; Oyster shell whiting 14kg; Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 16kg; Plant ash 13kg; Chitosan 0.1kg; Zeolite powder 5kg; Wilkinite 6kg.Preparation process such as embodiment 1.
The soil conditioner of present embodiment is particularly suitable for common acid soil, is also referred to as the special-purpose organic environment-friendly soil conditioner of common acid soil.The field experiment result sees embodiment 6.
The effect of the special-purpose organic environment-friendly soil conditioner of embodiment 4 orchard acidified soils
The soil conditioner of getting embodiment 1 makes an experiment.
1, test place and confession examination soil property
Test place: Qian Bu village, peach villages and small towns, Xixia City, Shandong Province.
Soil experimental field: this orchard is the level land, silty loam, and the basic physicochemical character of soil is: organic (1.32%), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (58.9mgkg
-1), rapid available phosphorus (44.5mgkg
-1), available potassium (39.8mgkg
-1), pH value 5.42.
2, test period: on November 28th, 1 2008 on August 15th, 2007.
3, field test design: 3 processing are established in test, are respectively: (1) contrast: do not apply fertilizer; (2) habits fertilization: by local peasant's dose and fertilization mode; Every strain of in mid-November, 2007 tree imposes the fertilizer in 1 year of fermentation, and (chicken manure is main; A small amount of cow dung) 200kg, in June, 2008, every strain tree imposed urea 186g, vitriolate of tartar 104g, Secondary ammonium phosphate 185g; (3) the special-purpose organic environment-friendly soil conditioner (embodiment 1) of orchard acidified soil: the amendment 1500g in the basic organic fertilizer 200kg and the embodiment of the invention 1 is set in every strain, and in June, 2008, every strain tree imposed urea 112g, vitriolate of tartar 63g, Secondary ammonium phosphate 112g.Wherein handle the N+P in (2) and (3)
2O
5+ K
2The O total amount is the 248g strain
-1Every processing 6 strains tree is repeated 3 times, adopts district's group arrangement at random.
4, supply the examination fruit tree: apple tree, kind are the Fuji apple, and the age of tree is life in 18 years.
5, TP: fertilizing method is to be the center with the trunk, digs the radial furrow of 8 wide 25cm, dark 10cm, and fertilizer and soil conditioner evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields back earthing in ditch.Carry out fruit bagging before June 26, plucked bag before October 6.November 28 gathered in the crops, and 3 strains tree is randomly drawed in every processing when gathering, and every strain tree goes up 20 fruits of 4 orientation collections in all directions, claims that its single fruit refetches its MV, investigates whole fruit numbers that 3 strains are set, and calculates single plant yield.Measure single fruit weight (weighting method), hardness (hand-held hardness tester), soluble solid (hand-held soluble solid appearance), titratable acid content (NaOH neutralization titration).The 0-20cm pedotheque is taked in every processing simultaneously, around every strain tree, gets 3 points at random, is 1 soil sample with mixing with soil.Air-dry, measure soil pH value (pH meter) and organic content (potassium bichromate titrimetric method).
6, test-results
Table 1 soil conditioner is to the influence of apple production, quality and soil property
Table 1 shows, handles with habits fertilization and compares, and uses the soil pH value raising 0.06 that soil conditioner is handled; Soil organic matter content improves 3.55%, and single plant yield improves 7.49%, and hardness improves 3.48%; Soluble solid content improves 7.95%, and titratable acid reduces by 4.00%.Explain that using soil conditioner of the present invention can improve soil pH value, organic content, apple production and quality.
The effect of the special-purpose organic environment-friendly soil conditioner of embodiment 5 green house of vegetables acidified soils
The soil conditioner of getting embodiment 2 makes an experiment.
1, test place and confession examination soil property
Test place: the Chinese scholartree village, Zhang Xing town, Zhaoyuan City, Shandong Province.
Soil experimental field: this area belongs to acid brown earth, and the basic physicochemical character of soil is: organic (1.31%), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (100mgkg
-1), rapid available phosphorus (54.5mgkg
-1), available potassium (150mgkg
-1), pH value 5.60.
2, test period: on November 15th, 1 2010 on August 15th, 2010.
3, field test design: 3 processing are established in test, are respectively: (1) contrast: do not apply fertilizer; (2) habits fertilization: dose and mode by local peasant are applied fertilizer, and base is executed 15-15-15 composite fertilizer 700kghm
-2(3) the special-purpose organic environment-friendly soil conditioner (booth amendment) of green house of vegetables acidified soil: base is executed the amendment 1800kghm in the embodiment of the invention 2
-2, 15-15-15 composite fertilizer 410kghm
-2Handle the N+P in (2) and (3)
2O
5+ K
2The O total amount is 317kghm
-2Each is handled 3 times and repeats, and takes district's group arrangement at random, and each sub-district specification is 40m (length) * 3m (wide)=120m
2
4, supply to study thing: Chinese cabbage, kind are that moral is high by 80.
5, TP: plough in the fertilising back, planting patterns is live, and spacing in the rows is 0.3m, line-spacing 0.6m.During results, 6m (length) * 1.2m (wide)=7.2m is got in each sub-district
2Chinese cabbage, poidometer produces.Get 2 Chinese cabbages, measure Chinese cabbage quality (nitrate content-ultraviolet spectrophotometry, reducing sugar content-Fehling method).The 0-20cm pedotheque is taked in each sub-district simultaneously, and four lines is got 3 points at random in the middle of every sub-district, is 1 soil sample with mixing with soil.Air-dry, measure soil pH value (pH meter) and organic content (potassium bichromate titrimetric method).
6, test-results
Table 2 soil conditioner is to the influence of Chinese cabbage output, quality and soil property
Table 2 shows, handles with habits fertilization and compares, and the Chinese cabbage output that the booth amendment is handled increases by 2.51%, and nitrate content reduces by 8.03%, and reducing sugar content increases by 10.61%, and soil pH value increases by 0.24, and soil organic matter content increases by 3.03%.Explain that using soil conditioner can increase Chinese cabbage output, significantly reduce nitrate content of Chinese cabbage content, effectively improve the safe edible quality of Chinese cabbage, improve soil pH value and organic content, improve the Soil structure situation, help crop growth.
The effect of the special-purpose organic environment-friendly soil conditioner of embodiment 6 common acid soils
The soil conditioner of getting embodiment 3 makes an experiment.
1, test place and confession examination soil property
Test place: Zhang Jialou township, Jiaonan City, the Shandong Province Da Cui family village.
Soil experimental field: this area belongs to acid brown earth, and the basic physicochemical character of soil is: organic (1.21%), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (50.04mgkg
-1), rapid available phosphorus (11.78mgkg
-1), available potassium (31.35mgkg
-1), pH value 5.47.
2, test period: on October 15th, 1 2010 on April 30th, 2010
3, test design: 3 processing are established in test, are respectively: (1) contrast: do not apply fertilizer; (2) habits fertilization: by local peasant's dose and fertilization mode, base is executed 15-15-15 composite fertilizer 600kghm
-2(3) the special-purpose organic environment-friendly soil conditioner (acidic soil conditioner) of common acid soil: base is executed the amendment 1500kghm in the embodiment of the invention 3
-2, 15-15-15 composite fertilizer 377kghm
-2Handle the N+P in (2) and (3)
2O
5+ K
2The O total amount is 270kghm
-2Each is handled 3 times and repeats, and takes random alignment, and each sub-district specification is 20m (length) * 1.7m (wide)=34m
2
4, supply to study thing: peanut, kind are seaflower No. 1.
5, TP: plough in the fertilising back, the peanut cultivation mode is that overlay film is live, and spacing in the rows is 0.3m, line-spacing 0.45m.During results, 1.7m (length) * 1.2m (wide)=2.04m is got in each sub-district
2Peanut, natural air drying, the weighing peanut pod is heavy.Get a part of seed benevolence, oven dry grinds, and measures crude fat content (remaining method) in the seed benevolence.The 0-20cm pedotheque is got with earth boring auger in each sub-district simultaneously, and four lines is got 3 points at random in the middle of every sub-district, is 1 soil sample with mixing with soil.Air-dry, measure soil pH value (pH meter) and soil organic matter content (potassium bichromate titrimetric method).
6, test-results
Table 3 soil conditioner is to the influence of peanut yield, crude fat, soil property
Table 3 shows, handles with habits fertilization and compares, and the peanut pod output that acidic soil conditioner is handled increases by 7.19%, and crude fat content increases by 0.38%, and soil pH value increases by 0.07, and soil organic matter content increases by 9.70%.Explain that using amendment can not only provide nutritive elements such as calcium and magnesium to peanut, promote that peanut grows, and then improve pod output, and help to improve soil pH value and organic content, improve the peanut growth conditions.
Claims (10)
1. an organic environment-friendly soil conditioner of improveing acidifying or acid soil is characterized in that, is to be processed by following weight part raw material:
Described natural pond slag be by the mother liquor after the methane-generating pit fermentation through solid-liquid separation, get solid part natural pond slag and carry out air-dry or oven dry, make natural pond slag water cut less than 30wt%.
2. soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that described oyster shell whiting is one of natural scallop shell, oyster shells, CONCHA MERETRICIS SEU CYCLINAE, engraving curtain clam shell, clam shell or mixes the oyster shell whiting through 900～1000 ℃ of high-temperature calcinations, mistake 200 mesh sieves, is rich in quicklime.
3. the organic environment-friendly soil conditioner of improvement acidifying as claimed in claim 1 or acid soil; It is characterized in that; Described fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate is Rock Phosphate (72Min BPL) and the ore that contains magnesium, silicon; In blast furnace or electric furnace, contain the glass state material that quicklime, Natural manganese dioxide, silicon-dioxide and phosphoric acid salt are staple, contain P through what high-temperature fusion, shrend, drying and levigate formed
2O
516%～22%, MgO 12%～15%, is mass percent; Industrial products are greyish-green or taupe brown powder, wherein 90% cross 100 mesh sieves.
4. soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that described plant ash is the residue behind the straw burning in biomass power station, it contains potassium, calcium, phosphorus, silicon, sulphur, magnesium, boron, zinc various nutrient elements; Wherein more with potassium, calcium, phosphorus content, contain potassium with K
2O meter 5%～12%, calcium in CaO 5%～20%, phosphorus with P
2O
5Meter 0.5%～3.5% is mass percent.
5. like each described soil conditioner of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, is to be processed by following weight part raw material:
24.3 parts of natural pond slags; 23 parts of oyster shell whitings; 18.5 parts in fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate; 20 parts of plant ash; 0.2 part of chitosan; 6 parts of zeolite powders; 8 parts of wilkinites.
6. like each described soil conditioner of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, is to be processed by following weight part raw material:
26 parts of natural pond slags; 18.9 parts of oyster shell whitings; 24 parts in fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate; 15 parts of plant ash; 0.1 part of chitosan; 7 parts of zeolite powders; 9 parts of wilkinites.
7. like each described soil conditioner of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, is to be processed by following weight part raw material:
45.9 parts of natural pond slags; 14 parts of oyster shell whitings; 16 parts in fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate; 13 parts of plant ash; 0.1 part of chitosan; 5 parts of zeolite powders; 6 parts of wilkinites.
8. like the preparation method of the organic environment-friendly soil conditioner of each described improvement acidifying of claim 1-7 or acid soil, step is following:
(1) pre-treatment of natural pond slag: will be that the biogas residue of main raw material obtains the natural pond slag that water cut is 50wt%～60wt% through solid-liquid separation with animal excrement and stalk, air-dry then or oven dry obtains the natural pond slag of water cut less than 30wt%; It is 0.5～1mm that slag shearing in natural pond is crushed to fineness;
(2) pre-treatment of oyster shell whiting: with one of natural scallop shell, oyster shells, CONCHA MERETRICIS SEU CYCLINAE, engraving curtain clam shell, clam shell or mix shell and dry to constant weight after with flushing with clean water; Place kiln; Be heated to 900～1000 ℃ and carry out high-temperature calcination 30～60min; Reduce to room temperature, grind then, cross 200 mesh sieves; Get oyster shell whiting;
(3) add oyster shell whiting, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, plant ash, chitosan, zeolite powder and the wilkinite of step (2) in the natural pond slag of in step (1), handling well, stir, mix, promptly get pulvis organic environment-friendly soil conditioner.
9. preparation method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that further comprising the steps of:
(4) the pulvis organic environment-friendly soil conditioner that step (3) is obtained carries out the disk granulation, then through dry to moisture less than 20wt%, be cooled to 30 ℃～40 ℃ of room temperatures, screening promptly gets the granule type organic environment-friendly soil conditioner of particle diameter 2～4mm.
10. the preparation method of the organic environment-friendly soil conditioner of improvement acidifying as claimed in claim 5 or acid soil, step is following:
(1) pre-treatment of natural pond slag: will with animal excrement and stalk be the biogas residue of main raw material through solid-liquid separation, air-dry then or oven dry obtains the natural pond slag that water cut is 25wt%; It is 0.8mm that slag shearing in natural pond is crushed to fineness;
(2) pre-treatment of oyster shell whiting: with one of natural scallop shell, oyster shells, CONCHA MERETRICIS SEU CYCLINAE, engraving curtain clam shell, clam shell or mix with drying after the flushing with clean water to constant weight; Place kiln; Be heated to 960-980 ℃ and carry out high-temperature calcination 40-50min, reduce to room temperature, grind then; Cross 200 mesh sieves, obtain being rich in the oyster shell whiting of quicklime;
(3) get the natural pond slag 24.3kg that step (1) is handled well; The oyster shell whiting 23kg, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 18.5kg, plant ash 20kg, chitosan 0.2kg, zeolite powder 6kg and the wilkinite 8kg that add step (2); Stir, mix, promptly get pulvis organic environment-friendly soil conditioner;
(4) the pulvis organic environment-friendly soil conditioner that step (3) is obtained carries out the disk granulation, then through dry to moisture less than 20wt%, be cooled to 30 ℃～40 ℃ again, screening promptly gets the granule type organic environment-friendly soil conditioner of particle diameter 2～4mm.
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