CN106561967A - 一种沙棘冰棍的制作方法 - Google Patents
一种沙棘冰棍的制作方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106561967A CN106561967A CN201611002928.9A CN201611002928A CN106561967A CN 106561967 A CN106561967 A CN 106561967A CN 201611002928 A CN201611002928 A CN 201611002928A CN 106561967 A CN106561967 A CN 106561967A
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- Prior art keywords
- fructus hippophae
- manufacture method
- ice lolly
- juice
- hippophae
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种沙棘冰棍的制作方法，主要原料采用沙棘果汁原浆，不添加人工色素与香精，保留了沙棘的营养成分，具有多种保健功能，适合广大人群食用；本技术属于物理方法完全保留了沙棘的营养成分，对人体心脑血管、新陈代谢、免疫***、消化***及呼吸***有很好的作用；也对人体肝脏有保护功能，具有抗癌、抗衰老作用；此方法操作工艺简单、容易实现，出品率高，生产成本低，为沙棘产业发展提供了有效可行的生产方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及冷冻食品技术领域，特别地，涉及一种沙棘冰棍的制作方法。
背景技术
沙棘，胡颓子科植物。俗称醋柳，酸刺，黑刺。每100g含有可溶性糖8g～12g、有机酸1g～3g、类胡萝卜素3～4g、维生素C300mg、维生素E15mg，特别是还含有丰富的微量元素、沙棘黄酮、植物甾醇、酚类及有机酸类、三萜、甾体类化合物等许多活性物质，具有多方面的功效。可被应用于防治心脑血管疾病、肿瘤、免疫性疾病、肠胃消化道疾病等，还具有显著的抗衰老、抗感染和促进组织细胞再生作用，具有很大的医药开发价值。
沙棘果油是通过一定的物理手段从沙棘中提取出来的物质，它是一种高营养、高经济价值的天然物质。其含有多种维生素、多种微量元素、多种氨基酸和其他生物活性物质。前苏联学者研究发现沙棘油中所含的活性成分已达1060种(其中脂溶性维生素6种，脂肪酸22种，脂类42种，黄酮和酚类36种。其已经分离鉴定出的主要成分大致可分为维生素类：主要有维生素E、维生素A、维生素A原(胡萝卜素)、维生素K、维生素C、维生素F等。梁德年等研究结果表明100g沙棘果中含维生素c580mg-800mg，而且所含的维生素c相当稳定。维生素A在沙棘中的含量也是非常丰富的，阿塞拜疆产的沙棘每百克干燥果渣中含40mg，在沙棘油中含168mg-215mg。果渣中含总生育酚28mg，在油中含总生育酚112mg-154mg。维生素E最有活性的是占维生素51％一65％的维生素E-α型，维生素E族是沙棘油天然抗氧化剂，含量越高，沙棘油越稳定。三萜、甾醇类化合物：沙棘油中含有约52中此类的成分，主要包括谷甾醇、香树精、环羊毛甾醇、麦角甾烯二醇、熊果酸、环一羊毛甾二醇、豆甾二烯酮、麦角甾烯醇、麦角甾烯四醇、24一甲基环阿尔他醇、柠黄醇、豆甾烯醇(Δ7)、燕麦甾醇(Δ5、Δ7)、菜油烯醇(Δ7)、菜油甾醇等。殷福珊等采用硅胶柱层析和色质联用技术对沙棘籽油不皂化部分进行了分析，鉴定除维生素E和10个甾类化合物：如环-羊毛甾-二醇、豆甾二烯酮、麦角甾烯醇、麦角甾烯四醇等。同时证明了沙棘籽油中也含有与果油相同的成分，如α-香树精、β-香树精、环-羊毛甾一二醇、麦角甾烯醇二醇等。脂类成分：沙棘油中含有大量脂肪酸，含量达60-70％，主要有硬脂酸、软脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈烯酸、月桂酸等；此外，沙棘油中还含有13种单羟基和4种双羟基酸，以及7种单，双和三环氧酸；沙棘中含有100多种类脂成分，沙棘油中磷脂含量为0.9-1.0％。包括卵磷脂、脑磷脂、磷脂酞胆碱、磷脂酞甘油、磷脂酞基醇、磷脂酞胆胺、溶血磷脂酞基醇、溶血卵磷脂、N一酞基磷脂酞醇、溶血N一乙酞磷脂酸胆胺等。黄酮类成分：沙棘果和叶中黄酮类成分已被鉴定的有槲皮素、异鼠李素、山奈酚及其苷类、杨梅酮、氯原酸、猪草苷、儿茶酸、黄芪苷等，不同的沙棘品种，不同部位和不同的产地沙棘资源，黄酮含量不同；果实成熟度、采收期对黄酮类成分也有重要影响。酚类和有机酸：沙棘油中含有苹果酸、柠檬酸、草酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸等有机酸成分，总含量为3.86-4.52％。其多酚类化合物包括乌索酸、a-香豆素、香豆素、酚酸、鼠尾草酚、鼠尾草酚酸、n-甲基鼠尾草酚酸等。挥发油类成分：成熟新鲜的中国经水汽蒸馏得浅黄色有状物。收率为175mg/Kg，冷却后凝固为半固体，经TLC表明该油含有较多的游离脂肪酸和极性很小的烃类成分。采用GC-MS方法分析其化学组成，在所给出的89个峰中，已鉴定除82个化合物。迄今已从中国沙棘、鼠李沙棘及肋果沙棘中鉴定除200多种挥发性成分。芬兰产沙棘果中含挥发性成分36种组分，分析出60种芳香成分，主要是低级脂肪酸脂。陕西黄龙去籽中国沙棘含挥发油成分1.23-1.69％，检出36种组分，确定了其中的32种。青海祁连县肋果沙棘精油出油率为0.1-0.14％，鲜果精油含量大于0.1％的组分有160余种，初步鉴定出52种，含量占精油总组成的80％以上，其中醇、醛、低级脂肪酸脂类占相当比例。微量元素：沙棘油中含有30多种微量元素，其中包括人体必须的微量元素，如铁、锌、锰、铝、硒、镍、锡、硅、矾等。其他成分：沙棘油中还含有酯、醚、醛、酮、同时烯烃和其他杂环化合物；同时还有碳氢类化合物，主要是c16-34的直链烷烃。
沙棘是医食两用植物，有很高的经济价值和开发潜力，《中国药典》、藏医名著《四部医典》中都对沙棘的功效有明确记载。沙棘油提取自沙棘果实或种子，含有多不饱和脂肪酸和其他生物活性成分。因此，沙棘油作为特种功能性油脂，在食品、医药保健品、化妆品等领域有广泛的应用前景。沙棘油作为产业链的源头，对其深度开发具有至关重要的作用。对心血管***的作用：沙棘油具有抗心肌缺氧的作用，可以延长小鼠的存活时间，对心肌缺血也有一定的保护作用。沙棘全成分62.08mg/kg腹腔注射，均能显著地提高小鼠耐缺氧能力，表现为小鼠存活时间显著延长，耗氧速度和残余氧量也较对照组有显著差异，而31.04mg/kg静脉给药对大鼠急性心肌缺血具有明显的保护作用。抗肿瘤方面的作用；沙棘油有明显的抗辐射作用；保肝作用实验报道，沙棘浓缩果汁和沙棘籽油有明显的保肝作用；棘油对动物性炎症有较明显的效果：沙棘油腹腔注射有抗氧化的作用和防止脂肪肝作用，能调节组织中脂质过氧化作用的速度和维生素E水平。沙棘油和维生素E相似，对高酷血清损伤的血管平滑肌细胞有保护作用，能明显降低高酷耗伤平滑肌细胞内增高的脂质过氧化物的含量，并能明显提高SOD的活性，能减轻高酷血清对细胞膜的损伤，保护并促进细胞的健康生长；沙棘还具有免疫增强作用。
目前市场上的冰棍产品大多添加人工色素与香精，不适合儿童与老年人食用，故有必要有研究一种不添加人工色素与香精的沙棘冰棍，添补市场空白。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种沙棘冰棍的制作方法，以解决技术问题。
一种沙棘冰棍的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
A、原料处理：将沙棘清洗干净后，进行榨汁并过滤，得到沙棘果汁原浆；
B、混合：将沙棘果汁原浆与果葡糖浆、蜂蜜、糊精、瓜尔豆胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、黄原胶、苹果酸、蛋白糖和纯净水混合，并搅拌均匀，最后再加入纯净水进行定容，得到混合果汁；
C、杀菌：采用巴氏杀菌或者高温瞬时杀菌；
D、冷却：采用板式或管式换热器使物料温度降低；
E、注模、插杆、冻结，即可得到沙棘冰棍。
优选的，所述的步骤B中，定容后得到的混合果汁，各原料的添加量，按重量百分比计如下：沙棘果汁原浆10-20％、果葡糖浆5-10％、蜂蜜4-6％、糊精1.5-2.5％、瓜尔豆胶0.1-0.2％、羧甲基纤维素钠0.1-0.2％、黄原胶0.08-0.12％、苹果酸0.08-0.12％、蛋白糖0.04-0.06％、其余为纯净水。
优选的，所述的杀菌过程采用板式换热器或者管式换热器。
如果使用管式换热器，采用蛇形管外套蛇形套管，否则当蒸汽压力大流速慢时，会造成物料沸腾、四流：且当制冷介质温度低，流速慢时，会造成泵空转，烧坏泵。
优选的，当采用高温瞬时灭菌时，90℃处理20-40s或者110℃处理7-10s。
优选的，所述的冷却方法为二级冷却：一级可用自来水降至20-30℃，二级冷却是向板式换热器中的冷水箱中通入0℃的冷水，将冷却至0-4℃。
优选的，所述的注模采用不锈钢、镀锌板、塑料或者铜表面镀锡的模具。
优选的，所述的插杆型号为140或114或90mm。
优选的，所述的冻结处理在盐水槽中进行。
所述的盐水槽中的盐水可能为：(1)氯化钠：饱和液冰点-21℃；或者(2)氯化钙：饱和液冰点-55℃；或者(3)氯化镁：饱和液冰点-30℃。
本发明具有以下有益效果：本发明的沙棘冰棍主要原料采用沙棘果汁原浆，不添加人工色素与香精，保留了沙棘的营养成分，具有多种保健功能，适合广大人群食用；本技术属于物理方法完全保留了沙棘的营养成分，对人体心脑血管、新陈代谢、免疫***、消化***及呼吸***有很好的作用；也对人体肝脏有保护功能，具有抗癌、抗衰老作用；此方法操作工艺简单、容易实现，出品率高，生产成本低，为沙棘产业发展提供了有效可行的生产方法。
除了上面所描述的目的、特征和优点之外，本发明还有其它的目的、特征和优点。下面将对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的实施例进行详细说明，但是本发明可以根据权利要求限定和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。
实施例1
一种沙棘冰棍的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
A、原料处理：将沙棘清洗干净后，进行榨汁并过滤，得到沙棘果汁原浆；
B、混合：将沙棘果汁原浆与果葡糖浆、蜂蜜、糊精、瓜尔豆胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、黄原胶、苹果酸、蛋白糖和纯净水混合，并搅拌均匀，最后再加入纯净水进行定容，得到混合果汁；
C、杀菌：采用高温瞬时杀菌，90℃处理20-40s；
D、冷却：采用板式或管式换热器使物料温度降低；
E、注模、插杆、冻结，即可得到沙棘冰棍。
所述的步骤B中，定容后得到的混合果汁，各原料的添加量，按重量百分比计如下：沙棘果汁原浆15％、果葡糖浆8％、蜂蜜5％、糊精2％、瓜尔豆胶0.15％、羧甲基纤维素钠0.17％、黄原胶0.1％、苹果酸0.1％、蛋白糖0.05％、其余为纯净水。
所述的杀菌过程采用板式换热器，蛇形管外套蛇形套管。
所述的冷却方法为二级冷却：一级可用自来水降至20-30℃，二级冷却是向板式换热器中的冷水箱中通入0℃的冷水，将冷却至0-4℃。
所述的注模采用不锈钢模具。
所述的插杆型号为140mm。
所述的冻结处理在盐水槽中进行。
实施例2
一种沙棘冰棍的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
A、原料处理：将沙棘清洗干净后，进行榨汁并过滤，得到沙棘果汁原浆；
B、混合：将沙棘果汁原浆与果葡糖浆、蜂蜜、糊精、瓜尔豆胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、黄原胶、苹果酸、蛋白糖和纯净水混合，并搅拌均匀，最后再加入纯净水进行定容，得到混合果汁；
C、杀菌：采用高温瞬时杀菌，110℃处理7-10s；
D、冷却：采用板式或管式换热器使物料温度降低；
E、注模、插杆、冻结，即可得到沙棘冰棍。
所述的步骤B中，定容后得到的混合果汁，各原料的添加量，按重量百分比计如下：沙棘果汁原浆20％、果葡糖浆5％、蜂蜜6％、糊精1.5％、瓜尔豆胶0.2％、羧甲基纤维素钠0.1％、黄原胶0.12％、苹果酸0.08％、蛋白糖0.06％、其余为纯净水。
所述的杀菌过程采用板式换热器。
所述的冷却方法为二级冷却：一级可用自来水降至20-30℃，二级冷却是向板式换热器中的冷水箱中通入0℃的冷水，将冷却至0-4℃。
所述的注模采用镀锌板模具。
所述的插杆型号为114mm。
所述的冻结处理在盐水槽中进行。
实施例3
一种沙棘冰棍的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
A、原料处理：将沙棘清洗干净后，进行榨汁并过滤，得到沙棘果汁原浆；
B、混合：将沙棘果汁原浆与果葡糖浆、蜂蜜、糊精、瓜尔豆胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、黄原胶、苹果酸、蛋白糖和纯净水混合，并搅拌均匀，最后再加入纯净水进行定容，得到混合果汁；
C、杀菌：采用巴氏杀菌；
D、冷却：采用板式或管式换热器使物料温度降低；
E、注模、插杆、冻结，即可得到沙棘冰棍。
所述的步骤B中，定容后得到的混合果汁，各原料的添加量，按重量百分比计如下：沙棘果汁原浆10％、果葡糖浆10％、蜂蜜4％、糊精2.5％、瓜尔豆胶0.1％、羧甲基纤维素钠0.2％、黄原胶0.08％、苹果酸0.12％、蛋白糖0.04％、其余为纯净水。
所述的杀菌过程采用板式换热器。
所述的冷却方法为二级冷却：一级可用自来水降至20-30℃，二级冷却是向板式换热器中的冷水箱中通入0℃的冷水，将冷却至0-4℃。
所述的注模采用塑料模具。
所述的插杆型号为90mm。
所述的冻结处理在盐水槽中进行。
对比实施例1
将实施例1中的苹果酸去除，其余条件不变。
下面对实施例1-3以及对比实施例1的混合果汁进行小鼠灌胃测试，具体测试方法如下：
将50只小鼠按体重随机分成6组：空白对照组、实施例1-3和对比实施例1，每组10只，用北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司提供的标准饲料分笼饲养，自由饮食饮水。适应性喂养5天后进行灌胃试验。
每日分别给实验组小鼠灌胃，小鼠定时测定体重，根据体重计算灌胃的量，灌胃量为：25g/日/kg，连续灌胃30天。
连续灌胃30天，末次灌胃后，各组小鼠禁食16小时(过夜)，然后1次性灌胃给予50％乙醇12ml/kg体重，6小时后取材(空白对照组不作处理，不禁食取材)，测试肝组织MDA含量、SOD含量和全血GSH含量。
结果表明，各组小鼠体重的增长差异不大，动物在试验过程中活动正常，无异常表现，表明混合果汁对小鼠的生长发育和健康无不良影响。具体MDA含量、SOD含量和GSH含量测试结果如下：
由以上测试数据可以知道，经过本发明的混合果汁具有显著的抗衰老效果，同时加入苹果酸后，抗衰老效果明显提高。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种沙棘冰棍的制作方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
A、原料处理：将沙棘清洗干净后，进行榨汁并过滤，得到沙棘果汁原浆；
B、混合：将沙棘果汁原浆与果葡糖浆、蜂蜜、糊精、瓜尔豆胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、黄原胶、苹果酸、蛋白糖和纯净水混合，并搅拌均匀，最后再加入纯净水进行定容，得到混合果汁；
C、杀菌：采用巴氏杀菌或者高温瞬时杀菌；
D、冷却：采用板式或管式换热器使物料温度降低；
E、注模、插杆、冻结，即可得到沙棘冰棍。
2.如权利要求1所述的沙棘冰棍的制作方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤B中，定容后得到的混合果汁，各原料的添加量，按重量百分比计如下：沙棘果汁原浆10-20％、果葡糖浆5-10％、蜂蜜4-6％、糊精1.5-2.5％、瓜尔豆胶0.1-0.2％、羧甲基纤维素钠0.1-0.2％、黄原胶0.08-0.12％、苹果酸0.08-0.12％、蛋白糖0.04-0.06％、其余为纯净水。
3.如权利要求2所述的沙棘冰棍的制作方法，其特征在于，所述的混合果汁，各原料的添加量、按重量百分比计如下：沙棘果汁原浆15％、果葡糖浆8％、蜂蜜5％、糊精2％、瓜尔豆胶0.15％、羧甲基纤维素钠0.17％、黄原胶0.1％、苹果酸0.1％、蛋白糖0.05％、其余为纯净水。
4.如权利要求1所述的沙棘冰棍的制作方法，其特征在于，所述的杀菌过程采用板式换热器或者管式换热器。
5.如权利要求4所述的沙棘冰棍的制作方法，其特征在于，采用高温瞬时灭菌时，90℃处理20-40s或者110℃处理7-10s。
6.如权利要求1所述的沙棘冰棍的制作方法，其特征在于，所述的冷却方法为二级冷却：一级可用自来水降至20-30℃，二级冷却是向板式换热器中的冷水箱中通入0℃的冷水，将冷却至0-4℃。
7.如权利要求1所述的沙棘冰棍的制作方法，其特征在于，所述的注模采用不锈钢、镀锌板、塑料或者铜表面镀锡的模具。
8.如权利要求1所述的沙棘冰棍的制作方法，其特征在于，所述的插杆型号为140或114或90mm。
9.如权利要求1所述的沙棘冰棍的制作方法，其特征在于，所述的冻结处理在盐水槽中进行。
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| CN109566843A (zh) * | 2017-09-28 | 2019-04-05 | 内蒙古蒙牛乳业（集团）股份有限公司 | 棒冰以及制备方法 |
| CN110063404A (zh) * | 2018-01-24 | 2019-07-30 | 邓冰冰 | 果汁、果肉冷冻冰棍法 |
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| CN1568739A (zh) * | 2003-07-25 | 2005-01-26 | 深圳市海川实业股份有限公司 | 沙棘冰淇淋粉 |
| CN101336672A (zh) * | 2008-08-11 | 2009-01-07 | 内蒙古伊利实业集团股份有限公司 | 一种沙棘棒冰及其生产方法 |
| CN102960532A (zh) * | 2012-11-25 | 2013-03-13 | 哈尔滨派特纳生物科技开发有限公司 | 一种沙棘冰淇淋及其制作方法 |
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| CN101336672A (zh) * | 2008-08-11 | 2009-01-07 | 内蒙古伊利实业集团股份有限公司 | 一种沙棘棒冰及其生产方法 |
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