CN103734767B - 一种保健食品 - Google Patents
一种保健食品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103734767B CN103734767B CN201310742668.9A CN201310742668A CN103734767B CN 103734767 B CN103734767 B CN 103734767B CN 201310742668 A CN201310742668 A CN 201310742668A CN 103734767 B CN103734767 B CN 103734767B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种由新鲜健康的牛肝或猪肝或羊肝或兔肝或鸡肝或鸭肝或鹅肝的提取物与明日叶、马齿苋、白果仁、山楂、葛根的中药水提取物配比混合制得保健食品，其原料配比是肝脏提取物与中药水提取物之间的重量配比为10：1。中药水提取物是由明日叶、马齿苋、白果仁、山楂、葛根按重量份为5：5：2：5：3配比，经二次提取，静置过滤，浓缩干燥制得。肝脏提取物富含多种氨基酸、B族维生素，具有很高的营养功效，与具有调节血糖和血脂的中药提取物配合制成保健食品，更有益于“三高”病人在得益中药保健功效的同时，得到一种低脂肪高营养的肝脏提取物的有益补充，利于病人的治疗和康复。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于保健食品加工领域，具体涉及用动物的肝脏提取物与兼食用中药提取物配制成的保健食品，具体地说是由鲜牛肝或鲜猪肝或鲜羊肝或鲜兔肝或鲜鸡肝或鲜鸭肝或鲜鹅肝的提取物与明日叶、马齿苋、白果仁、山楂、葛根提取物配制成的保健食品。
背景技术
畜禽动物的肝脏含有丰富的营养物质，具有很好的保健功能，具有补血作用，适用于巨红血球性贫血、缺铁性贫血，并有帮助消化，增进食欲的作用，肝脏含有丰富的B族维生素，如B1、B2、B12等，另外含有多种氨基酸，临床医学常用的肝浸膏片、肝精注射液作为肝炎、胃病、营养不良等的辅助治疗剂应用。肝脏经水解后的提取物，各种氨基酸如甘氨酸、丙氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸、酰氨酸、脯氨酸、苯丙氨酸及酪氨酸等呈多肽类存在，更利于机体吸收，增强其营养功效。将肝脏提取物与具有降低胆固醇、降血糖、提高免疫力等作用的中药水提取物配合制备成一种保健食品，有利于患者因忌口导致的营养缺乏的补充，使患有高血脂、高血胆固醇和高血糖的人们，在食用有益中药的同时，得到肝脏提取物的营养功效，起到防病保健的双层效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种保健食品，该保健食品的主要原料为动物的肝脏提取物和中药提取物混合配制而成。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种保健食品，其特征是由新鲜健康的牛肝或猪肝或羊肝或兔肝或鸡肝或鸭肝或鹅肝的提取物与中药原料明日叶、马齿苋、白果仁、山楂、葛根的中药水提取物组成；其中肝脏提取物是由新鲜健康的牛肝或猪肝或羊肝或兔肝或鸡肝或鸭肝或鹅肝经剪除胆囊、输胆管、脂肪及***后，在绞碎机上绞碎至3-5mm，混悬于肝脏重量1倍的纯净水中，用蒸汽加热、徐徐搅拌，使温度均匀上升至45℃，用0.05mol/L硫酸调节PH值为4.4-4.9进行酸化，并在44-45℃条件下保温5小时，然后冷却至5℃，过滤，滤液保存，残渣再加入肝脏重量1倍量的纯净水并加热至45℃，用0.05mol/L硫酸调节PH值为4.4-4.9，并在44-45℃条件下保温5小时，过滤；两次所得滤液合并，调节PH值为4.5-4.6，在32-34℃条件下真空蒸发浓缩，浓缩至原提取液体积的1/3，得浓缩液，然后将浓缩液冷却至15-18℃，加入浓缩液体积1倍的丙酮，搅拌均匀，并在15-18℃条件下继续搅拌2小时，然后冷却至-10℃，经硅藻土过滤机滤清，滤液再用0.22μm微孔滤膜精滤，得精滤液后，于27-28℃条件下真空蒸发回收丙酮，余液再在-25℃条件下冷冻干燥制得的；其中中药水提取物是由中药原料明日叶、马齿苋、白果仁、山楂、葛根，按重量份比5：5：2：5：3配比，加入中药总量10倍和8倍的纯净水，加热煮沸3小时和2小时提取二次，合并提取液，静置过滤，将滤液浓缩至稠浸膏，再将稠浸膏干燥制得的；肝脏提取物与中药水提取物之间的重量配比为10：1。
本发明的保健食品，为了食用的方便和需要，还可以加入药剂学和/或食品学可以接受的赋形剂（助剂）进一步加工成颗粒剂、片剂、胶囊剂和口服液等内服剂型。
肝脏提取物的制备：
将新鲜健康的牛肝或猪肝或羊肝或兔肝或鸡肝或鸭肝或鹅肝，剪除胆囊、输胆管、脂肪及***后，在绞碎机上绞碎至3-5mm，混悬于肝脏重量1倍的纯净水中，用蒸汽加热、徐徐搅拌，使温度均匀上升至45℃，用0.05mol/L硫酸调节PH值为4.4-4.9进行酸化，并在44-45℃条件下保温5小时，然后冷却至5℃，过滤，滤液保存，残渣再加入肝脏重量1倍量的纯净水并加热至45℃，用0.05mol/L硫酸调节PH值为4.4-4.9，并在44-45℃条件下保温5小时，过滤；两次所得滤液合并，调节PH值为4.5-4.6，在32-34℃条件下真空蒸发浓缩，浓缩至原提取液体积的1/3，得浓缩液，将浓缩液冷却至15-18℃，加入浓缩液体积1倍的丙酮，搅拌均匀，并在15-18℃条件下继续搅拌2小时，然后冷却至-10℃，经硅藻土过滤机滤清，滤液再用0.22μm微孔滤膜精滤，得精滤液后，于27-28℃条件下真空蒸发回收丙酮，余液再在-25℃条件下冷冻干燥，得提取物。提取得率为9.22%，经检测，成品总氮含量为9.96%，氨基氮4.02%，叶酸1mg/g，维生素B121mg/g，维生素B120mg/g，维生素PP146g/g，泛酸（按泛酸钙计）386mg/g。纯度较一般提取工艺制得者高50%。
中药提取物的制备
取中药明日叶、马齿苋、白果仁、山楂、葛根，按重量份比5：5：2：5：3配比，加入中药总量10倍和8倍的纯净水，加热煮沸3小时和2小时提取二次，合并提取液，静置过滤，滤液浓缩至稠浸膏，再将稠浸膏干燥而得提取物。
明日叶（Angelica keiskei koidz），又名明日草、长寿草、还阳草、天赐草、海峰人参等，是一种繖形科（Umbelliferae）、当归属（Angelica）多年生草本植物。是食药兼用的珍贵植物，其嫩叶可作蔬菜用，全草可供药用，原产地为日本八丈岛，故又名八丈草。现韩国、我国台湾、贵州、广东、山东青岛、威海等地区均已形成规模性种植，为国内新兴的一种时尚健康蔬菜和医疗保健用品的有益原料。近年来国内外科学家对明日叶的研究方兴未艾，经过分析发现，明日叶含有维持人体健康、防止老化所必需的各种氨基酸、维生素、矿物质、微量元素等，营养极为丰富，研究还表明，明日叶根茎中含有丰富的天然黄酮（flavonoid）和香豆素（coumarin），其茎、叶中含有多种维生素、胡萝卜素、16种氨基酸、蛋白质以及明日叶中特有的查尔酮、香豆素类等成份，无疑人们将这一珍贵的天然绿色蔬菜冠以“神奇植物”之美称。具研究资料显示，明日叶作为健康食品用，嫩茎叶可供蔬菜，一般以炒食、川烫、煮食，制取茶汁、制作茶包等方法食用。其药用全草，有清热，利尿，强壮，催乳之效，对高血压、动脉硬化症、糖尿病、肝病、感冒、气喘、胃肠道疾病、风湿病、失眠，肺癌、胃癌等均有作用。据日本大阪药科大学马场贵美江教授等研究发现，明日草具有抗衰老、抗溃疡、抗血栓、抗癌、降血压、调节血脂（降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇）、降血糖、提高人体免疫力等作用。如今，在日本、韩国、台湾等地，明日草已经成为“健康、活力、长寿”的全能食物。
马齿苋（Portulaca oleracea L.）为马齿苋科马齿苋属植物，又称马齿草、马齿菜、安乐菜。是传统临床常用中草药之一。马齿苋化学成分含有L-去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺及少量多巴和皂苷等，还富含有机酸、氨基酸、蒽醌、香豆素等成分。其味酸、性寒，有清热解毒、凉血消肿的功效，能治腹泻、痢疾、***、带下、黄疸及丹毒等症。现代药理研究表明马齿苋有降血脂、抗衰老、提高机体免疫功能的作用。马齿苋的营养价值高，每100克中含有蛋白质2.3克，脂肪0.3克，碳水化合物3克，粗纤维0.7克，灰分1.3克，钾340毫克，钙85毫克，磷56毫克，铁1.5毫克，胡萝卜素2.23毫克，核黄素0.11毫克，尼克酸0.7毫克，维生素C23毫克，此外还含有多种矿物质、氨基酸和有机酸以及对人体健康十分有益的香豆素、黄酮、强心苷等化学成分。马齿苋中的功能性成分马齿苋多糖、去甲肾上腺素、ω-3不饱和脂肪酸及钾等矿物元素等，均是马齿苋具有保健作用的物质基础。马齿苋所含生物碱、香豆素、黄酮、强心苷、蒽醌等成分，对大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌及某些致病性真菌有抑制作用，具有止咳祛痰、消炎解毒之功效，用于痢疾、胃肠炎等治疗，素有“天然抗生素”之美称。近代药理研究证实，马齿苋具有抗菌、抗病毒作用、降低血液黏度、降低血清总胆固醇（TC）作用、抗衰老作用、免疫增强作用、抗肿瘤作用以及营养保健作用。
白果仁是银杏果剥除外壳并去净肉种皮的净果仁，与银杏叶性质相似，含有萜类、酚类、微量元素、氨基酸及其同类化合物等有效成分，拥有多种保健功能。银杏果的化学成分：白果仁含淀粉62.4%~67%、蛋白质11.3%、脂肪2.6%、蔗糖5.2%、还原糖1.1%、核蛋白0.26%和矿物质3%。此外，它也含有一定量的酚与酚酸类化合物以及少量的甾体化合物。白果中含有17种氨基酸，总量为10.77%，其中人体必需氨基酸为7种，含量为3.42%，占总氨基酸含量的31.8%，药效氨基酸9种，含量为7.25%，占总氨基酸含量的67.3%，半必需氨基酸4种，含量为1.33%，占总氨基酸含量的12.3%。现代医学研究证明，白果具有降低血清胆固醇、增加冠脉流量、改善脑循环、解痉、松弛支气管和抑菌等生理活性。
山楂，为蔷薇科山楂属植物山里红（crataegus PinnatiFida Var.major）、大果山楂（C.Pinnatifida）或野山楂（南山楂）（C.Cuneata）的果实。山楂在我国作为药物应用已有悠久的历史，被***列为《既是食品又是药品的药品名单》。《本草经集注》中已有记载。中医多用于消食积，散瘀血，止水痢，治老年人腰膝酸痛等。《新修本草》记述：“汁服主水痢，沐头及洗身上疮痒。”《本草纲目》称：“化饮食，消内积癓瘕，痰饮痞满吞酸，滞血痛胀”。《本草求真》称：“山楂所谓健脾者，因其脾有食积，用此酸咸之味，以为消磨，俾食行而痰消，气破而泄化，谓之为健，止属消导之健矣”。其化学成分主要含有机酸类成分；枸椽酸，绿原酸，枸椽酸单甲酯，枸椽酸二甲酯，枸椽酸三甲酯等；黄酮类成分：槲皮素，金丝桃苷，牡荆素等；三帖类成分：熊果酸，白桦脂醇等；还含有胡萝卜素，维生素C，维生素B1等。现代药理研究结果显示，本品具有较强的抑制MAO-B活性的作用，此外尚有强心、增加冠脉及脑血流量、降低心肌耗氧量、抗心律失常、降血压、降血脂、抗菌等作用。临床可用为中老年人的滋补保健药，亦用于冠心病、高血脂症、高血压、消化不良等。
葛根，为豆科植物野葛Pueraria Lobata(willd.)ohwi的干燥根。本品为治疗项背强痛之要药。被***批准为药食同源的植物资源。《神农本草经》记载：“主消渴，身大热，呕吐，诸痹，起阴气，解诸毒”。《名医别录》称：“疗伤寒中风头痛，解肌发表，出汗，开腠理，疗金疮，止痛，胁风痛”。“生根汁，疗消渴，伤寒壮热”。《药性论》记述：“治天行上气，呕逆，开胃下食，主解酒毒，止烦渴。熬屑治金疮，治时疾解热”。其化学成分主要含黄酮类成分：葛根素，黄豆苷元，黄豆苷，黄豆苷元8-O-芹菜糖（1-6）葡萄糖苷等；香豆素类成分：6，7-二甲基香豆素，6-牻牛儿基-7，4-二羟基香豆素等。现代药理研究结果表明，葛根具有解热、改善心肌缺血、抗动脉硬化、抗氧化、降血糖、抗肿瘤及保肝等作用。配山楂应用于脾肾两虚，疾浊血瘀型高脂血症效果更佳。
本发明的有益效果
本发明提供一种保健食品，是由动物肝脏提取物与中药水提取物配合制成，其肝脏提取物是在低温环境下水解，再经提纯，冷冻干燥制得，能够有助于有益成分的提取，避免了提取过程对有效成分的破坏和损失，其提取工艺过程使得富含的多种氨基酸成分呈多肽类小分子状态存在，有利于人体的代谢和吸收；利用本发明方法得到的肝脏提取物有益成分含量高，较常规方法提高50%；本发明有效地解决了新鲜动物肝脏的利用途径，为保健食品增添新品种，同时也为“三高”病人在用药过程中因忌食造成的营养缺乏或营养不良的问题；本发明是将肝脏提取物与具有调节血脂、降低胆固醇和调节血糖作用的中药水提取物配合制成保健食品，更有益于“三高”病人在得益于中药保健功能的同时，得到一种低脂肪的肝脏提取物的营养补充，更利于病人的治疗和康复。本发明制备工艺简单，成本低，无污染，能够形成工业化生产；本发明还可以根据市场的需求和食用的方便性制成片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂和口服液等剂型产品，增加民众的可选择性。产品具有很好的市场前景。
具体实施方式
以下实施例仅是对本发明作出进一步的说明，而非是它的全部。
实施例1
取新鲜健康的牛肝，剪除胆囊、输胆管、脂肪及***，清洗干净，用绞碎机绞碎成3-5mm，加入肝脏1倍重量的纯净水，搅匀成混悬液，用蒸汽加热，并徐徐搅拌，使温度均匀上升至45℃，用0.05mol/L硫酸调节PH值为4.4-4.9进行酸化，并在44-45℃条件下保温5小时，然后冷却至5℃，过滤，滤液保存，残渣再加入肝脏1倍量的纯净水并加热至45℃，用0.05mol/L硫酸调节PH值为4.4-4.9，并在44-45℃条件下保温5小时，过滤；两次所得滤液合并，调节PH值为4.5-4.6，在32-34℃条件下真空蒸发浓缩，浓缩至原提取液体积的1/3，得浓缩液，将浓缩液冷却至15-18℃，加入浓缩液体积1倍量的丙酮，搅拌均匀，并在15-18℃条件下继续搅拌2小时，停止搅拌并冷却至-10℃，用硅藻土过滤机滤清，滤液再用0.22μm微孔滤膜精滤一次得精滤液后，于27-28℃条件下真空蒸发，回收丙酮，余液再在-25℃条件下冷冻干燥，即得肝脏提取物。
实施例2
取新鲜健康的兔肝，剪除胆囊、输胆管、脂肪及***，清洗干净，称取净兔肝10公斤用绞碎机绞碎成3-5mm，加入纯净水10公斤，搅匀成混悬液，用蒸汽加热，并徐徐搅拌，使温度均匀上升至45℃，用0.05mol/L硫酸调节PH值为4.4-4.9进行酸化，并在44-45℃条件下保温5小时，然后冷却至5℃，过滤，滤液保存，残渣再加入10公斤纯净水并加热至45℃，用0.05mol/L硫酸调节PH值为4.4-4.9，并在44-45℃条件下保温5小时，过滤；两次所得滤液合并，调节PH值为4.5-4.6，在32-34℃条件下真空蒸发浓缩，浓缩液体的体积至9.86升（L）停止浓缩，得浓缩液，将浓缩液冷却至15-18℃，加入9.86升（L）丙酮，搅拌均匀，并在15-18℃条件下继续搅拌2小时，停止搅拌并冷却至-10℃，用硅藻土过滤机滤清，滤液再用0.22μm微孔滤膜精滤一次得精滤液后，于27-28℃条件下真空蒸发，回收丙酮，余液再在-25℃条件下冷冻干燥，得肝脏提取物922克。
实施例3
分别称取净中药原料明日叶5公斤、马齿苋5公斤、白果仁2公斤、山楂5公斤、葛根3公斤，用清水清洗干净，投入到蒸煮锅中加200公斤纯净水，加热煮沸3小时后，放出煎煮液，药渣再加160公斤的纯净水，加热煮沸2小时，放出煎煮液，合并两次煮提液，静置2小时后过滤，将滤液蒸发浓缩至稠膏，再将稠膏进行干燥，即得中药水提取物。
实施例4
分别称取实施例1得到的肝脏提取物10公斤及实施例3得到 的中药水提取物1公斤，经粉碎，过80目筛，混匀，分装，用真空包装机真空包装，得成品。
实施例5
分别称取实施例2得到的肝脏提取物10公斤及实施例3得到 的中药水提取物1公斤，经粉碎，过80目筛，混匀，分装，用真空包装机真空包装，得成品。
实施例6 颗粒剂的制备
分别称取实施例1制得的肝脏提取物10公斤及实施例3制得到中药水提取物1公斤，经粉碎、过100目筛、混匀后，用适量浓度为60%（V/V）的食用乙醇为湿润剂，在制粒机上制成50目颗粒，再将颗粒经干燥，经分剂量，真空包装，即得颗粒剂成品。
实施例7 胶囊剂的制备
分别称取实施例1制得的肝脏提取物10公斤及实施例3制得的中药水提取物1公斤，用干式制粒机直接压制成颗粒，颗粒的粒度为40目，在胶囊填充机中以每次1.0克填充胶囊，然后包装，即得胶囊剂成品。
实施例8 片剂的制备
将实施例2制得的肝脏提取物10公斤及实施例3制得的中药水提取物1公斤，混合均匀，采用干式制粒机直接压制成颗粒，颗粒的粒度为14目，加入硬酯酸镁110克，与颗粒充分混匀，采用压片设备压制成20000片，然后采用真空包装或充氮包装，即得片剂成品。
实施例9 口服液的制备
称取实施例2制得的肝脏提取物1公斤及实施例3制得的中药水提取物0.1公斤，加8.9公斤的纯净水，加热煮沸15分钟，再加入三氯蔗糖1.5克，连续搅拌10分钟后，静置3小时后过滤，分装于10毫升瓶中，封口，采用100℃灭菌40分钟，取出冷却后，进行擦瓶、贴签、包装，即得口服液成品。
以上实施例产品，经留样观察、检测，均符合国家食品卫生标准。留样产品于室温存放12个月均无外观变化。
Claims (2)
1.一种保健食品的制备方法，其特征在于：将新鲜健康的牛肝或猪肝或羊肝或兔肝或鸡肝或鸭肝或鹅肝剪除胆囊、输胆管、脂肪及***后，在绞碎机上绞碎至3-5mm，混悬于肝脏重量1倍的纯净水中，用蒸汽加热、徐徐搅拌，使温度均匀上升至45℃，用0.05mol/L硫酸调节pH值为4.4-4.9进行酸化，并在44-45℃条件下保温5小时，然后冷却至5℃，过滤，滤液保存，残渣再加入肝脏重量1倍量的纯净水并加热至45℃，用0.05mol/L硫酸调节pH值为4.4-4.9，并在44-45℃条件下保温5小时，过滤，两次所得滤液合并，调节pH值为4.5-4.6，在32-34℃条件下真空蒸发浓缩，浓缩至原提取液体积的1/3，得浓缩液，将浓缩液冷却至15-18℃，加入浓缩液体积1倍的丙酮，搅拌均匀，并在15-18℃条件下继续搅拌2小时，然后冷却至-10℃，经硅藻土过滤机滤清，滤液再用0.22μm微孔滤膜精滤，得精滤液后，于27-28℃条件下真空蒸发回收丙酮，余液再在-25℃条件下冷冻干燥，得肝脏提取物；取明日叶、马齿苋、白果仁、山楂、葛根，按重量份比5：5：2：5：3配比，加入中药总量10倍和8倍的纯净水，加热煮沸3小时和2小时提取二次，合并提取液，静置过滤，滤液浓缩至稠浸膏，再将稠浸膏干燥得中药水提取物；将肝脏提取物与中药水提取物按重量比为10：1配比，经粉碎，过80目筛，混匀，分装，用真空包装机真空包装，得成品。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的方法获得的保健食品。
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