CN102919028B - Cultivation method for helping Zhanshan dates to bud early and ripe in advance - Google Patents
Cultivation method for helping Zhanshan dates to bud early and ripe in advance Download PDFInfo
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- CN102919028B CN102919028B CN201210452720.2A CN201210452720A CN102919028B CN 102919028 B CN102919028 B CN 102919028B CN 201210452720 A CN201210452720 A CN 201210452720A CN 102919028 B CN102919028 B CN 102919028B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for helping Zhanshan dates to bud early and ripe in advance, belonging to the technical field of fruit growing. The cultivation method helps the Zhanshan dates to bud about 30-40 days earlier and helps fruits to ripe 20-30 days earlier than routine cultivation according to supporting measures of buckling tents, pruning, managing rich water, regulating chemically and so on; the fruits are featured with big size, good color, palatefullness and excellent quality. The Zhanshan dates are sold in wrong seasons by avoiding the concentrated ripping and selling time of the Zhanshan dates so as to prolong the supply time of the Zhanshan dates; the price in producing areas is higher than the Zhanshan dates cultivated routinely by 5-7 times so as to improve the economic benefits for planting the Zhanshan dates. The cultivation method is convenient to operate and manage and easy to master. The cultivation method is featured with low one-time investment cost and is suitable for popularizing in date planting areas.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree planting technique field, particularly a kind ofly promote fine mountain rice jujube tree to do sth. in advance the cultivation method of rudiment ripen in advance.
Background technology
The improved seeds that select in meter Zao Shicong hilly area of Central Sichuan soil Chinese date, cultivation history among the people is long, is mainly distributed in Mianyang, Sichuan city and Suining City.Rice jujube pulp taste is sweet, delicateization slag, and moisture is higher, and fruit stone is little, and mouthfeel is good, quality is superior, is the good Zizyphus jujuba Mill that has much local characteristic being received by the market in recent years.Meanwhile, ripe inclined to one side morning, strong adaptability in rice jujube, more drought-resistant and barren, management is more extensive, small investment, output are high, instant effect, and market prospects are very good, become the main product of local masses' increase wealth.
Mianyang City Santai County, Sichuan Province is " middle Inter Milan Zao Zhi township ", and the plantation of existing nearly 300 years is historical, nearly 40,000 mu of existing rice jujube development scale, and 2.4 ten thousand mu, operation jujube garden, is one of even southern maximum Zizyphus jujuba Mill production base, Sichuan.Characteristic and the pillar industry of meter Zao Shi Santai County, fine mountain agricultural.
The fine mountain rice jujube maturing stage is generally late August ~ early September, and fresh fruit is storage tolerance not, and under normal temperature condition, storage time is approximately 4 days ~ 7 days.Because the fine mountain rice jujube listing phase is more concentrated, shelf life is short, often occurs unsalablely, at a low price, and even decayed fruit phenomenon, causes very big economic loss, affect jujube agriculture and takes in.
By the use of present technique, can impel the bud rudiment in 30 ~ 45 days ahead of time of fine mountain rice jujube tree to take out the tip, fruit is ripe mid-July, than conventional cultivation, shifts to an earlier date 20 ~ 30 days maturations, and the increase of fruit single fruit weight, painted good, with rich flavor, best in quality.More than soluble solid reaches 24 %, soluble sugar 18% ~ 20%, total acid 0.4% ~ 06%, during every 100g fresh fruit is real more than Vc content 400mg.Avoided fine mountain rice jujube and concentrated the time ripe, listing, wrong season goes on the market, and has extended Lead Time and the selling period of fine mountain rice jujube; Place of production price is higher 5 ~ 7 times than the fine mountain rice jujube of conventional cultivation, has improved the economic benefit of fine mountain rice jujube plantation.And operational administrative is easy, be easy to grasp.One-time investment cost is not high, suitablely at rice jujube growing area, promotes.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides and a kind ofly promote fine mountain rice jujube tree to do sth. in advance the cultivation method of rudiment ripen in advance, the method comprises:
(1) promote dormancy
In mid or late October, to fine mountain rice jujube tree spraying 40% ethephon agent+5% urea+2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (KH
2pO
4), to promote fine mountain rice jujube tree early to fall leaves, enter resting stage as early as possible.
(2) booth builds
Select the orchard of physical features relatively flat to build booth.Booth is Dan Dong, and in canopy, 6 ~ 7 years raw single files are planted rice jujube tree 4 ~ 8 strains of fine mountain.Booth material is steelframe, and span is 4m, and length is how many depending on plant, is no more than 30m; Booth is risen 3m, shoulder height 2m, and steel bar spacing is no more than 50cm.
(3) buckle film time and the winter pruning of tree body
In mid or late January booth buckle film, film is selected common polythene film, thickness 0.06mm ~ 0.12mm.After Greenhouse, use nylon rope press mold, nylon rope two ends are fixed under pre-buried earth anchor.
Before button canopy, should fall in time head or retraction of fine mountain rice jujube tree, controls the height of tree below 2.2m, keeps plant top branch apart from more than booth teleblem 10cm; Remove sick branch, intersection branch, overlapping branch and weak branch etc.; When canopy side plant branch contact canopy film, should carry out cutting back or retraction, in order to ventilation and penetrating light.
(4) promote germinate ahead of time and bloom
1. improve soil temperature.Specific works step is as follows:
(1) buckle film is first 2 ~ 5 days, inwardly digs wide 40cm, dark 30cm circular groove along tree crown drip place.
(2) the long root exposing in ditch, thick root are all cut, inspired new radicula, with root control, be preced with.
(3) undesirable root that cleans ground fallen leaves, shedding, deadwood and just cut, buried in bottom of trench.The one, reduce damage by disease and insect source, the 2nd, increase the soil organic matter.
(4) in every strain jujube tree circular groove, insert broken cornstalk 10kg+ chicken manure 10kg+ cake fertilizer 500g.Clay fertilizer mixes, and waters permeablely, dips dry earthing.
2. native face covering and heat insulating.After soil application is poured water, all cover immediately the thick dry rice straws of 8 ~ 10cm on ground, covering with plastic film again on straw, to keep higher soil temperature, strengthens improving activity of root system, is conducive to moisture, Nutrient Absorption.
3. plastic house insulation.Maintain 30 ~ 35 ℃ of the interior day temperatures of booth, 5 ~ 10 ℃ of nocturnal temperatures.Be weather temperature minimum time mid-January after buckle film, need to strengthen the Insulation of booth.
(1) tightly seal doorframe and the pin film that greenhouse film does not stay gap, particularly booth, avoid and the outer low temperature convection current of canopy.
(2) booth top and canopy side surrounding are added a cover straw screen or mat, as the time of severe cold, outside canopy, on straw screen or mat, add and cover film.
(3), when temperature is no more than 35 ℃ daytime in canopy, just can not ventilate; While surpassing 35 ℃, only open an osculum and ventilate.
4. take off film.The end of spring and the beginning of summer canopy is outer, and the temperature rises approaches or reach growth under meter jujube tree natural conditions, bloom and during the temperature of fruit development, should strengthen aeration-coolingly, opens film at the bottom of canopy.Take off film ventilation time: the morning 9:00 ~ 10:00, afternoon 16:00 ~ 18:00; After 3 days in 9:00 ~ afternoon in the morning 18:00 Fully ventilation.In canopy, outside temperature and canopy during temperature stable and consistent, can throw off booth limit film to tree crown 4/5 At The Height, retain teleblem.After fruit picking, all throw off greenhouse film.
Late January and before germinateing filling once permeable, stratification.
(5) management after jujube tree germination
1. after germinateing, to jujube tree spraying 0.5% brown sugar+0.2% urea solution, within every 10 days, spray once, spray continuously after twice, change spray 0.5% brown sugar+0.3% urea solution+0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH
2pO
4600 times of liquid of)+25% carbendazol wettable powder, spray 1 time for every 10 days, spray continuously 2 ~ 3 times.
2. bud picking in time, pinching repeatedly, and cutting back or the newborn jujube head that bounces back.Erase on the ground, the twig of upright in the sprout tillers on trunk and tree crown, excessive growth.Except retaining the elongated shoot of major branch, the whole pinching of elongated shoot of other branch, to control long short flower.Plant to major branch vertical growth, draw an angle of release, tree crown is opened a business, to increase setting fruit position.In the season of growth, remove vertical branch, prosperous long shoot and also life, open light path, be conducive to ventilation and penetrating light, to compensate illumination deficiency in booth.
3. before blooming (squaring period) spray 1:2:200 bordeaux mixture one time.
(6) jujube tree blooming period management
1. in florescence booth, put honeybee.In fine mountain rice jujube tree, bloom approximately 5% ~ 10% time, in booth, put honeybee in a suitable place to breed, promote Pollination Fertilization.
2. contain and spend initial stage trunk girdling.In fine mountain rice jujube tree, bloom approximately 30% ~ 40% time, trunk base portion 5cm ~ 10cm or with band girdle in former years position 3cm ~ 4cm place band girdle that staggers, band girdle width is no more than 0.5cm, deeply crosses xylem, but can not injure xylem.After stripping, with film or old newspaper, bind up a wound immediately, with diseases prevention worm, endanger.
3. Zao head, Secondary Branch and jujube hang pinching: at fine mountain rice jujube, bloom during 25% ~ 75%, to the not yet lignified jujube head of new life in spring then, should constantly carry out pinching, pinching length, to stay 2 ~ 4 Secondary Branchs to be advisable, to control malnutrition, improves fruit-setting rate.When the Secondary Branch staying grows to 50cm left and right, pinching in time.Lignified jujube hangs pinching while growing to 30cm left and right.
4. the thin fertile 10 ~ 15kg of the people and animals of becoming thoroughly decomposed is executed in initial bloom stage strain.
5. in fine mountain rice jujube tree, bloom and be about 30% ~ 50% full-bloom stage, spray 20mg/L gibberellin (GA 1 time
3)+0.5% brown sugar+0.2% borax mixed liquor.
6. thank to 1 20mg/L methyl α-naphthyl acetate of Spraying in the flowering stage (NAA)+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH
2pO
4)+0.7% brown sugar mixed liquor.
(7) period management of bearing fruit
1. top dressing.Xie Huahou sprayed 0.3% urea+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH 1 time every 10 days
2pO
4), spray 2 times.
2. soil application.Xie Huahou is in conjunction with pouring water, and the thin fertile 25kg+ potassium sulfate (K of the people and animals of becoming thoroughly decomposed is executed in every strain
2sO
4) 100g; Young fruit expanding stage is executed the thin fertile 40kg+ potassium sulfate (K of the people and animals of once becoming thoroughly decomposed again
2sO
4) 200g.
3. fruit thinning.Thank to florescence sharp pounding tree crown, the bad flower of Pollination Fertilization, young fruit are come off, save nutrient.Spend latter 20 ~ 30 days, manually dredge the wormed fruit of preventing or cure a disease, malformed fruit, cross fruitlet and overstocked fruit, each jujube hangs and retains 3 ~ 5 fruits.More early, the fruit staying is larger for fruit thinning, and output is higher, and quality is better.
(8) prevention and elimination of disease and pests
The fine mountain of Plastic canopy culture rice jujube, because canopy temperature is higher, humidity is larger, easily grows the harm of disease worm, should strengthen diseases and pests controlling.Should adopt the physical control means such as frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, sex attractant, yellow plate, sugar-vinegar liquid to carry out prediction and comprehensive prevention and control, in the critical period, select efficiently, the agricultural chemicals such as the chemical pesticide of low toxicity, low-residual and mineral sources, plant resource, microorganism prevents and treats simultaneously.Accomplish in principle disease control first quarter moon once, pest control accomplishes to see worm medication.Specifically do a good job of it following link:
1. before rudiment: tree crown spraying 5
°baume lime sulfur, eliminates wintering pest source.
2. budding period: soak straw rope with 2.5% time missible oil (gamma cyhalothrin), straw rope is wound around to trunk, and bundlees plastic film above straw rope, warp downwards, control jujube bud weevil.
3. leaf stretching period: if find the harm of jujube cecidomyiia, 1000 times of liquid of tree crown spraying 73% propargite missible oil.
4. fruit growth later stage: be mainly control fruit-shrink disease and jujube rust.Tree crown sprays 15% powder, 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid of 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid+50% carbendazol wettable powders of clever wetting powder that become rusty, and mutual streptomycin 70 ~ 140 unit/ml and terramycin 140 ~ 210 unit/ml for spray, or mutual 500 ~ 1000 times of liquid of 10% agricultural streptomycin wetting powder and terramycin 140 ~ 210 unit/ml for spray.At fruit-shrink disease their early stage, spray medicine for the first time, every spray in 7 ~ 10 days once, connect and spray 3 ~ 4 times, and use alternately above medicine.
(9) gather
Fine mountain rice jujube is Zizyphus jujuba Mill kind, should gather the crisp ripe phase (8.5 ~ 9 minutes maturations).Depending on it, within ripe minute, gather by stages and in groups, pack and sell for 2 times ~ 3 times.Gently pluck and put down gently.
Fine mountain rice jujube grade scale: top grade fruit >=4 grams, 3 ~ 4 grams of one-level fruits, 2 ~ 3 grams of secondary fruits.Fruit face is bright and clean, anosis insect bite, machinery wound etc.
Rice jujube tree does sth. in advance the cultivation method of rudiment ripen in advance on promotion provided by the invention fine mountain, the supplementary measures such as connection clip canopy, pruning, rich water quality management, chemical regulation, can impel rice jujube rudiment in 30 ~ 45 days ahead of time in fine mountain to take out the tip, fruit shifts to an earlier date 20 ~ 30 days maturations than conventional cultivation, and fruit is individual large, painted good, with rich flavor, best in quality.Avoided fine mountain rice jujube and concentrated the time ripe, listing, wrong season goes on the market, and has extended the Lead Time of fine mountain rice jujube; Place of production price is higher 5 ~ 7 times than the fine mountain rice jujube of conventional cultivation, has improved the economic benefit of fine mountain rice jujube plantation.And operational administrative is easy, be easy to grasp.One-time investment cost is not high, suitablely at rice jujube growing area, promotes.
Embodiment
The following examples can make those skilled in the art more fully understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way.
Promote fine mountain rice jujube tree to do sth. in advance a cultivation method for rudiment ripen in advance, the method comprises:
(1) promote dormancy
In about October 20, to fine mountain rice jujube tree spraying 40% ethephon agent+5% urea+2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (KH
2pO
4), to promote fine mountain rice jujube tree early to fall leaves, enter resting stage as early as possible.
(2) booth builds
Select the orchard of physical features relatively flat to build booth.Booth is Dan Dong, and in canopy, 6 ~ 7 years raw single files are planted rice jujube tree 4 ~ 8 strains of fine mountain.Seeding row spacing 3m * 2m, tableland, hills, yellow purple earth, booth material is steelframe, and span is 4m, and length is how many depending on plant, is no more than 30m; Booth is risen 3m, shoulder height 2m, and steel bar spacing is no more than 50cm.
(3) buckle film time and the winter pruning of tree body
In sichuan shantai county, be January 15 ~ 20 the booth buckle film time, film is selected common polythene film, thickness 0.06mm ~ 0.12mm.After Greenhouse, use nylon rope press mold, nylon rope two ends are fixed under pre-buried earth anchor.
Before button canopy, should fall in time head or retraction of fine mountain rice jujube tree, controls the height of tree below 2.2m, keeps plant top branch apart from more than booth teleblem 10cm; Remove sick branch, intersection branch, overlapping branch and weak branch etc.; When canopy side plant branch contact canopy film, should carry out cutting back or retraction, in order to ventilation and penetrating light.
(4) promote germinate ahead of time and bloom
1. improve soil temperature.Specific works step is as follows:
(1) buckle film a few days ago (January 13 or 14 days), inwardly digs wide 40cm, dark 30cm circular groove along tree crown drip place.
(2) the long root exposing in ditch, thick root are all cut, inspired new radicula, with root control, be preced with.
(3) undesirable root that cleans ground fallen leaves, shedding, deadwood and just cut, buried in bottom of trench.The one, reduce damage by disease and insect source, the 2nd, increase the soil organic matter.
(4) in every strain jujube tree circular groove, insert broken cornstalk 10kg+ chicken manure 10kg+ cake fertilizer 500g.Clay fertilizer mixes, and waters permeablely, dips dry earthing.
2. native face covering and heat insulating.After soil application is poured water, all cover immediately the thick dry rice straws of 8 ~ 10cm on ground, covering with plastic film again on straw, to keep higher soil temperature, strengthens improving activity of root system, is conducive to moisture, Nutrient Absorption.
3. plastic house insulation.Be weather temperature minimum time mid-January after buckle film, need to strengthen the Insulation of booth.
(1) tightly seal doorframe and the pin film that greenhouse film does not stay gap, particularly booth, avoid and the outer low temperature convection current of canopy.
(2) booth top and canopy side surrounding are added a cover straw screen or mat, as the time of severe cold, outside canopy, on straw screen or mat, add and cover film.
(3), when temperature is no more than 35 ℃ daytime in canopy, just can not ventilate; While surpassing 35 ℃, only open an osculum and ventilate, to maintain in booth 30 ~ 35 ℃ of day temperatures, 5 ~ 10 ℃ of nocturnal temperatures.
4. take off film.The end of spring and the beginning of summer canopy is outer, and the temperature rises approaches or reach growth under meter jujube tree natural conditions, bloom and during the temperature of fruit development, should strengthen aeration-coolingly, opens film at the bottom of canopy.Take off film ventilation time: the morning 9:00 ~ 10:00, afternoon 16:00 ~ 18:00; After 3 days in 9:00 ~ afternoon in the morning 18:00 Fully ventilation.In canopy, outside temperature and canopy during temperature stable and consistent, can throw off booth limit film to tree crown 4/5 At The Height, retain teleblem.After fruit picking, all throw off greenhouse film.
5. late January (before germination) fills with once permeable, stratification.
(5) management after jujube tree germination
1. after germinateing, to jujube tree spraying 0.5% brown sugar+0.2% urea solution, within every 10 days, spray once, spray continuously after twice, change spray 0.5% brown sugar+0.3% urea solution+0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH
2pO
4600 times of liquid of)+25% carbendazol wettable powder, spray 1 time for every 10 days, spray continuously 2 ~ 3 times.
2. bud picking in time, pinching repeatedly, and cutting back or the newborn jujube head that bounces back.Erase on the ground, the twig of upright in the sprout tillers on trunk and tree crown, excessive growth.Except retaining the elongated shoot of major branch, the whole pinching of elongated shoot of other branch, to control long short flower.Plant to major branch vertical growth, draw an angle of release, tree crown is opened a business, to increase setting fruit position.In the season of growth, remove vertical branch, prosperous long shoot and also life, open light path, be conducive to ventilation and penetrating light, to compensate illumination deficiency in booth.
3. before blooming (squaring period) spray 1:2:200 bordeaux mixture one time.
(6) jujube tree blooming period management
1. in florescence booth, put honeybee.In fine mountain rice jujube tree, bloom approximately 5% ~ 10% time, in booth, put honeybee in a suitable place to breed, promote Pollination Fertilization.
2. contain and spend initial stage trunk girdling.In fine mountain rice jujube tree, bloom approximately 30% ~ 40% time, trunk base portion 5cm ~ 10cm or with band girdle in former years position 3cm ~ 4cm place band girdle that staggers, band girdle width is no more than 0.5cm, deeply crosses xylem, but can not injure xylem.After stripping, with film or old newspaper, bind up a wound immediately, with diseases prevention worm, endanger.
3. Zao head, Secondary Branch and jujube hang pinching: at fine mountain rice jujube, bloom during 25% ~ 75%, to the not yet lignified jujube head of new life in spring then, should constantly carry out pinching, pinching length, to stay 2 ~ 4 Secondary Branchs to be advisable, to control malnutrition, improves fruit-setting rate.When the Secondary Branch staying grows to 50cm left and right, pinching in time.Lignified jujube hangs pinching while growing to 30cm left and right.
4. the thin fertile 10 ~ 15kg of the people and animals of becoming thoroughly decomposed is executed in initial bloom stage strain.
5. in fine mountain rice jujube tree, bloom and be about 30% ~ 50% full-bloom stage, spray 20mg/L gibberellin (GA 1 time
3)+0.5% brown sugar+0.2% borax mixed liquor.
6. thank to 1 20mg/L methyl α-naphthyl acetate of Spraying in the flowering stage (NAA)+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH
2pO
4)+0.7% brown sugar mixed liquor.
(7) period management of bearing fruit
1. top dressing.Xie Huahou sprayed 0.3% urea+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH 1 time every 10 days
2pO
4), spray 2 times.
2. soil application.Xie Huahou is in conjunction with pouring water, and the thin fertile 25kg+ potassium sulfate (K of the people and animals of becoming thoroughly decomposed is executed in every strain
2sO
4) 100g; Young fruit expanding stage is executed the thin fertile 40kg+ potassium sulfate (K of the people and animals of once becoming thoroughly decomposed again
2sO
4) 200g.
3. fruit thinning.Thank to florescence sharp pounding tree crown, the bad flower of Pollination Fertilization, young fruit are come off, save nutrient.Spend latter 20 ~ 30 days, manually dredge the wormed fruit of preventing or cure a disease, malformed fruit, cross fruitlet and overstocked fruit, each jujube hangs and retains 3 ~ 5 fruits.More early, the fruit staying is larger for fruit thinning, and output is higher, and quality is better.
(8) prevention and elimination of disease and pests
The fine mountain of Plastic canopy culture rice jujube, because canopy temperature is higher, humidity is larger, easily grows the harm of disease worm, should strengthen diseases and pests controlling.Should adopt the physical control means such as frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, sex attractant, yellow plate, sugar-vinegar liquid to carry out prediction and comprehensive prevention and control, in the critical period, select efficiently, the agricultural chemicals such as the chemical pesticide of low toxicity, low-residual and mineral sources, plant resource, microorganism prevents and treats simultaneously.Accomplish in principle disease control first quarter moon once, pest control accomplishes to see worm medication.Specifically do a good job of it following link:
1. before rudiment: tree crown spraying 5
°baume lime sulfur, eliminates wintering pest source.
2. budding period: soak straw rope with 2.5% time missible oil (gamma cyhalothrin), straw rope is wound around to trunk, and bundlees plastic film above straw rope, warp downwards, control jujube bud weevil.
3. leaf stretching period: if find the harm of jujube cecidomyiia, 1000 times of liquid of tree crown spraying 73% propargite missible oil.
4. fruit growth later stage: be mainly control fruit-shrink disease and jujube rust.Tree crown sprays 15% powder, 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid of 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid+50% carbendazol wettable powders of clever wetting powder that become rusty, and mutual streptomycin 70 ~ 140 unit/ml and terramycin 140 ~ 210 unit/ml for spray, or mutual 500 ~ 1000 times of liquid of 10% agricultural streptomycin wetting powder and terramycin 140 ~ 210 unit/ml for spray.At fruit-shrink disease their early stage, spray medicine for the first time, every spray in 7 ~ 10 days once, connect and spray 3 ~ 4 times, and use alternately above medicine.
(9) gather
Fine mountain rice jujube is Zizyphus jujuba Mill kind, should gather the crisp ripe phase (8.5 ~ 9 minutes maturations).Depending on it, within ripe minute, gather by stages and in groups, pack and sell for 2 times ~ 3 times.Gently pluck and put down gently.
The method of the present embodiment can impel rice jujube rudiment in 30 ~ 45 days ahead of time in fine mountain to take out the tip, and fruit shifts to an earlier date 20 ~ 30 days maturations than conventional cultivation, and fruit is individual large, painted good, with rich flavor, best in quality.
The above; be only the present invention's embodiment preferably, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, is anyly familiar with in technical scope that those skilled in the art disclose in the present invention; the variation that can expect easily or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (4)
1. promote that fine mountain rice jujube tree does sth. in advance a cultivation method for rudiment ripen in advance, it is characterized in that: the method comprises:
(1) promote dormancy
In mid or late October, to fine mountain rice jujube tree spraying 40% ethephon agent+5% urea+2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (KH
2pO
4), to promote fine mountain rice jujube tree early to fall leaves, enter resting stage as early as possible;
(2) booth builds
Select the orchard of physical features relatively flat to build booth, booth is Dan Dong, the single file plantation fine mountain of life rice jujube tree 4～8 strains in 6～7 years in canopy, and booth material is steelframe, and span is 4m, and length is no more than 30m; Booth is risen 3m, shoulder height 2m, and steel bar spacing is no more than 50cm;
(3) buckle film time and the winter pruning of tree body
The booth buckle film time is mid or late January, and film is selected common polythene film, and thickness 0.06mm～0.12mm, after Greenhouse, uses nylon rope press mold, and nylon rope two ends are fixed under pre-buried earth anchor;
Before button canopy, should fall in time head or retraction of fine mountain rice jujube tree, controls the height of tree below 2.2m, keeps plant top branch apart from more than booth teleblem 10cm; Remove sick branch, intersection branch, overlapping branch and weak branch; When canopy side plant branch contact canopy film, should carry out cutting back or retraction, in order to ventilation and penetrating light;
(4) promote germinate ahead of time and bloom
1. improve soil temperature, specific works step is as follows:
(1) buckle film is first 2～5 days, inwardly digs wide 40cm, dark 30cm circular groove along tree crown drip place;
(2) the long root exposing in ditch, thick root are all cut, inspired new radicula, with root control, be preced with;
(3) undesirable root that cleans ground fallen leaves, shedding, deadwood and just cut, buried in bottom of trench;
(4) in every strain rice jujube tree circular groove, insert broken cornstalk 10kg+ chicken manure 10kg+ cake fertilizer 500g, clay fertilizer mixes, and waters permeablely, dips dry earthing;
2. native face covering and heat insulating
After soil application is poured water, on ground, all cover immediately the thick dry rice straws of 8～10cm, covering with plastic film again on straw;
3. plastic house insulation
Maintain 30～35 ℃ of the interior day temperatures of booth, 5～10 ℃ of nocturnal temperatures;
4. take off film
The end of spring and the beginning of summer canopy is outer, and the temperature rises approaches or reach growth under the rice jujube tree natural conditions of fine mountain, bloom and during the temperature of fruit development, should strengthen aeration-coolingly, opens film at the bottom of canopy, takes off film ventilation time: the morning 9:00～10:00, afternoon 16:00～18:00; After 3 days in 9:00～afternoon in the morning 18:00 Fully ventilation, in canopy, outside temperature and canopy during temperature stable and consistent, throw off booth limit film to tree crown 4/5 At The Height, retain teleblem, after fruit picking, all throw off greenhouse film;
5.1 month last ten-days period and before germinateing filling once permeable, stratification;
(5) management after jujube tree germination
1. after germinateing, to fine mountain rice jujube tree spraying 0.5% brown sugar+0.2% urea solution, within every 10 days, spray once, spray continuously after twice, change spray 0.5% brown sugar+0.3% urea solution+0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH
2pO
4600 times of liquid of)+25% carbendazol wettable powder, spray 1 time for every 10 days, spray continuously 2～3 times;
2. bud picking in time, pinching repeatedly, and cutting back or the newborn jujube head that bounces back; Erase on the ground, the twig of upright in the sprout tillers on trunk and tree crown, excessive growth, except retaining the elongated shoot of major branch, the whole pinching of elongated shoot of other branch, to control long short flower; Plant to major branch vertical growth, draw an angle of release, tree crown is opened a business, to increase setting fruit position; In the season of growth, remove vertical branch, prosperous long shoot and also life, open light path, be conducive to ventilation and penetrating light, to compensate illumination deficiency in booth;
3. before blooming, spray 1:2:200 bordeaux mixture one time;
(6) jujube tree blooming period management
1. in florescence booth, put honeybee
In fine mountain rice jujube tree, bloom 5%～10% time, in booth, put honeybee in a suitable place to breed, promote Pollination Fertilization;
2. contain and spend initial stage trunk girdling
In fine mountain rice jujube tree, bloom 30%～40% time, trunk base portion 5cm～10cm or with band girdle in former years position 3cm～4cm place band girdle that staggers, band girdle width is no more than 0.5cm, the dark xylem of crossing, but do not injure xylem, after stripping, with film or old newspaper, bind up a wound immediately, with diseases prevention worm, endanger;
3. Zao head, Secondary Branch and jujube hang pinching: at fine mountain rice jujube, bloom during 25%～75%, to the not yet lignified jujube head of new life in spring then, should constantly carry out pinching, stay 2～4 Secondary Branchs to control malnutrition, improve fruit-setting rate; When the Secondary Branch staying grows to 50cm left and right, pinching in time, lignified jujube hangs pinching while growing to 30cm left and right;
4. the thin fertile 10～15kg of the people and animals of becoming thoroughly decomposed is executed in initial bloom stage strain;
5. in fine mountain rice jujube tree, blooming is 30%～50% full-bloom stage, sprays 20mg/L gibberellin (GA 1 time
3)+0.5% brown sugar+0.2% borax mixed liquor;
6. thank to 1 20mg/L methyl α-naphthyl acetate of Spraying in the flowering stage (NAA)+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH
2pO
4)+0.7% brown sugar mixed liquor;
(7) period management of bearing fruit
1. top dressing
Xie Huahou sprayed 0.3% urea+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH 1 time every 10 days
2pO
4), spray 2 times;
2. soil application
Xie Huahou is in conjunction with pouring water, and the thin fertile 25kg+ potassium sulfate (K of the people and animals of becoming thoroughly decomposed is executed in every strain
2sO
4) 100g; Young fruit expanding stage is executed the thin fertile 40kg+ potassium sulfate (K of the people and animals of once becoming thoroughly decomposed again
2sO
4) 200g;
3. fruit thinning
Thank to florescence sharp pounding tree crown, the bad flower of Pollination Fertilization, young fruit are come off, save nutrient, spend latter 20～30 days, manually dredge the wormed fruit of preventing or cure a disease, malformed fruit, cross fruitlet and overstocked fruit, each jujube hangs and retains 3～5 fruits;
(8) prevention and elimination of disease and pests
Once, pest control accomplishes to see worm medication to disease control first quarter moon;
(9) gather
In the crisp ripe phase, gather.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: 4) point, and in the plastic house insulation that promotes to germinate ahead of time and bloom, concrete operations are as follows:
(1) tightly seal greenhouse film and do not stay gap, the doorframe of booth and pin film, avoid and the outer low temperature convection current of canopy;
(2) booth top and canopy side surrounding are added a cover straw screen or mat, as the time of severe cold, outside canopy, on straw screen or mat, add and cover film;
(3), when temperature is no more than 35 ℃ daytime in canopy, just can not ventilate; While surpassing 35 ℃, only open an osculum and ventilate.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: 8) point, in prevention and elimination of disease and pests, adopt frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, sex attractant, yellow plate, sugar-vinegar liquid physical control means to carry out prediction and comprehensive prevention and control, in the critical period, select efficiently, chemical pesticide and mineral sources, plant resource, the microbial pesticide of low toxicity, low-residual prevent and treat simultaneously.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: 8) point, in prevention and elimination of disease and pests, specifically do a good job of it following link:
1. before rudiment: 5 ° of Baume lime sulfurs of tree crown spraying, eliminate wintering pest source;
2. budding period: soak straw rope with 2.5% time missible oil, straw rope is wound around to trunk, and bundlees plastic film above straw rope, warp downwards, control jujube bud weevil;
3. leaf stretching period: if find the harm of jujube cecidomyiia, 1000 times of liquid of tree crown spraying 73% propargite missible oil;
4. fruit growth later stage: control fruit-shrink disease and jujube rust, tree crown sprays 15% powder, 800～1000 times of liquid of 800～1000 times of liquid+50% carbendazol wettable powders of clever wetting powder that become rusty, and mutual spray streptomycin 70～140 unit/ml and terramycin 140～210 unit/ml, or mutual 500～1000 times of liquid of 10% agricultural streptomycin wetting powder and terramycin 140～210 unit/ml for spray, at fruit-shrink disease their early stage, spray medicine for the first time, every spray in 7～10 days once, connect and spray 3～4 times, and use alternately above medicine.
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| CN103210813B (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2014-07-23 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Lignification jujube bearing branch culture method for pear-jujube in northern Sinkiang area |
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| CN105766495A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-07-20 | 和县朱韩瓜果种植家庭农场 | Preparation method of date tree heat insulation straw rope with nutritional agent |
| CN105815180A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-08-03 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Integrated control method for fruit shrink disease in close-planting jujube garden |
| CN105941065B (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2020-01-17 | 刘玉峰 | Soft seed pomegranate greenhouse planting method |
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| CN107148888A (en) * | 2017-06-04 | 2017-09-12 | 滨州市沾化区冬枣实业总公司 | A kind of facility cultivation method of winter jujube tree |
| CN108834625A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-11-20 | 梁友盛 | A kind of jujube tree facility cultivation method |
| CN114342730B (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2023-07-21 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for regulating flowering phase of ornamental peach tree in southern area |
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