CN106444056B - Sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging device based on three apertures and light beam combination correction method thereof - Google Patents
Sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging device based on three apertures and light beam combination correction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging device based on three apertures and a light beam combination correction method thereof, which can be used for remarkably improving the imaging resolution capability of a target and effectively weakening the influence of transmission media such as atmosphere and an optical system. The invention mainly comprises a sub-telescope array, an optical path precision adjusting system, a tilt error correcting unit, an imaging sub-beam combining and imaging system and the like. After the light waves reflected or scattered by the target are respectively collected by the sub-telescope array, the common phase of the three paths of imaging light waves is realized through the optical path precision adjusting system and the inclination correcting unit, and finally the high-resolution synthetic aperture imaging of the target is realized through the beam combining and imaging system. The invention has the advantages of simple and compact structure, small volume, light weight, strong environment adaptability, capability of simultaneously ensuring the precision adjustment range and the precision of the optical path, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optics, and particularly relates to a three-aperture-based sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging device and a beam combination correction method thereof.
Background
The continuous development and progress of scientific technology requires higher and higher resolution in the fields of ground imaging, military reconnaissance, astronomical observation, deep space exploration and the like. For a single-aperture optical system commonly used at present, the aperture of the system must be increased in order to improve the spatial resolution, but the increase of the aperture of the system is limited by a plurality of factors such as materials, processes, manufacturing cost, mass, and volume of a payload cabin, and the like, and meanwhile, the increase of the volume and mass of the system must also result in the increase of the volume and mass of the system, which brings difficulty to the emission of space-based and space-based systems. The synthetic aperture imaging system is composed of a plurality of sub-aperture imaging systems which are arranged in a specific array form, and light beams of each sub-aperture are transmitted to a light beam combiner after being subjected to phase adjustment and are subjected to interference imaging on a confocal plane. Due to the structural characteristics and the imaging mode of the system, the synthetic aperture imaging system can obtain more high-frequency components of the target compared with a single-aperture imaging system, so that the imaging observation precision is effectively improved, more fine structures of the target are detected, and the resolution capability of the equivalent single-large-aperture imaging system is realized.
Synthetic aperture imaging techniques are generally divided into two categories: baseline interferometric synthetic aperture techniques and sparse optical synthetic aperture techniques. Compared with the baseline interference synthetic aperture technology, the sparse optical synthetic aperture technology obtains the complex coherence through inverting the interference fringes to image, the sparse optical synthetic aperture technology directly combines a plurality of sub-apertures which are specially arranged in space to image a target, has sufficient flexibility, and is more beneficial to directly observing a dynamic target. The related theory and technical research of the sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging system are international research hotspots all the time, and the sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging system has wide application prospects in other imaging technical fields of foundation and space-based large-scale telescopic systems, laser transmission, microscopic imaging, three-dimensional imaging and the like. Relevant research is developed, and the synthetic aperture imaging system with simple and compact structure, small volume and light weight is established, so that the method has important scientific significance and application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging device based on three apertures and a light beam combination correction method thereof aiming at the defects in the prior art. The invention mainly comprises a sub-telescope array, an optical path precision adjusting system, a tilt error correcting unit, a beam combining and imaging system and the like. The invention has the advantages of simple and compact structure, small volume, light weight, strong environment adaptability, capability of simultaneously ensuring the optical path adjusting range and the adjusting precision and the like, and has obvious advantages in application environments with strict requirements on the weight and the volume of a platform, such as space base, space base and the like.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
the sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging device based on the three apertures is structurally shown in figure 1, a Cassegrain telescope 1 and a collimating lens 2 form a sub-telescope array, a high-precision long-stroke combined displacement platform and a pyramid prism 3 fixed on the displacement platform form an optical path precision adjusting system, a fast reflecting mirror 4 is an inclination correcting unit, and a pyramid reflecting mirror 5, an imaging lens 6 and a CCD camera 7 of which the outer surface is a reflecting surface form a combined beam and imaging system. Light waves reflected or scattered by the target enter the pyramid prism 3 after passing through the sub-telescope array, and imaging light waves returned back are reflected by the fast reflector 4 and then imaged on the CCD camera 7 through the pyramid reflector and the imaging lens. The optical path precision adjusting system and the inclination correcting unit enable each path of imaging light waves to share a phase, high-resolution synthetic aperture imaging of a target is achieved, and the imaging principle is the Fizeau interference principle.
The image collected by the CCD is as follows:
I(x,y)＝o(x,y)*h(x,y)+n(x,y)
where o (x, y) is the ideal geometric image, h (x, y) is the point spread function of the system, n (x, y) is the noise of the CCD camera, and (x, y) is the coordinate vector of the image plane, which represents the convolution. The point spread function h (x, y) of the system can be characterized as:
in the formula pk(u, v) is the pupil function of the subsystem, Zm(u, v) is zernike polynomial, m-1 denotes the translational error of the sub-aperture, m-2 and m-3 denote the tilt error in two mutually perpendicular directions, respectively, αmFor the purpose of the corresponding coefficients, the coefficients,
representing a fourier transform. According to the measured valuesBy means of a system for fine adjustment of the optical path and correction of the tilt by an error coefficient alphamThe imaging light beam is approximately 0, the common phase of each imaging light beam can be realized, and a high-resolution composite image of the target is obtained.
And secondly, the precise optical path adjustment is mainly realized by a high-precision large-stroke combined displacement table and a pyramid prism 3 fixed on the displacement table. The pyramid prism enables the imaging light beam to be folded back in the original path, and the invention corrects the translation error among the paths of the synthetic imaging system by precisely moving the position of the pyramid prism. The high-precision large-stroke precision displacement platform is formed by combining a large-stroke low-precision displacement platform 9 and a small-stroke high-precision displacement platform 8.
And programming the controllable fast reflecting mirror 4 to realize two-dimensional deflection of the light beams, and quickly correcting the inclined aberration of the incident imaging light waves of each sub-aperture so that the three paths of imaging light beams form images at the same position of the CCD.
And fourthly, the pyramid reflector 5 in the beam combination and imaging system realizes the beam combination of the three imaging light beams. Different from a pyramid prism in an optical path precision adjusting system, the pyramid reflector 5 is used as a beam combiner, and through special design and processing, the outer surfaces of three cones of the pyramid reflector are used for reflecting beams, three imaging beams transmitted by a subsystem are combined and emitted to an imaging lens, and then the main lens realizes synthesis imaging. The pyramid reflector 5 is fixed on a precise translation stage and used for controlling the relative position of emergent imaging beams and the like so as to ensure that the exit pupil and the entrance pupil meet the 'golden ratio' required by Fizeau interference imaging.
The device realizes beam synthesis imaging by a three-way sub-telescope system, and is a phase control telescope array. The imaging principle is the Fizeau interference principle, and high-resolution synthesis imaging can be directly carried out on the target.
The optical path precision adjusting system uses the pyramid prism to turn back the optical path, so that the whole system is simpler and more compact, and the weight and the volume of the system are reduced. The large-stroke low-precision displacement table and the small-stroke high-precision displacement table are connected in series to realize high-precision large-stroke positioning, so that the regulation range of the optical path is ensured, and the adjustment precision of the optical path is also ensured.
Wherein, three fast reflection mirrors realize the deflection of the light beam and correct the inclination error of the system.
The beam combination imaging system uses a specially designed pyramid reflector which takes the outer surface of the pyramid reflector as a reflecting surface as a beam combiner, and the pyramid reflector is fixed on a precise translation table to ensure that an exit pupil and an entrance pupil meet the 'golden ratio' to be followed by Fizeau interference imaging.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. compared with a single-aperture imaging system, the imaging device provided by the invention can directly image a target object with higher resolution. After common-phase errors of all subsystems are eliminated through an optical path precision adjusting and inclination correcting system, the 3 telescope subsystems can be equivalent to a large-caliber system, and therefore the resolution of an imaging system is effectively improved. The numerical simulation results of single-aperture imaging and three-aperture synthetic imaging are respectively shown in fig. 3 and 4, and it can be known from the figures that synthetic imaging can effectively improve imaging resolution.
2. Compared with other sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging devices, the imaging device provided by the invention adopts the cascade connection of high-precision translation stages and low-precision translation stages to realize the high-precision large-stroke adjustment of the optical distance of each path of imaging light beam, and can obtain a larger adjustment range while ensuring the optical distance adjustment precision. Meanwhile, the fast reflecting mirror is adopted to realize the correction of the inclination, and the translation stage and the fast reflecting mirror are programmable and controllable, so that the fast common-phase closed-loop control of the system can be realized.
3. Compared with other sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging devices, the imaging device provided by the invention has a simple structure, and particularly utilizes the pyramid prism, the fast reflector, the pyramid reflector and the like to complete synthetic imaging in a space where light beams enter, so that the whole system has a more compact structure, and the volume and the weight of the system are further reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging device based on three apertures, wherein fig. 1(a) is a top view of a horizontal dual-tube structure, and fig. 1(b) is a side view of a top single-tube structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a high-precision large-stroke combined displacement table according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single aperture imaging point spread function and a three aperture synthetic imaging point spread function of a synthetic imaging system, wherein fig. 3(a) is a schematic diagram of a single aperture point spread function, and fig. 3(b) is a schematic diagram of a three aperture point spread function;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a single-aperture imaging image and a three-aperture composite imaging image of the composite imaging system, where fig. 4(a) is a schematic diagram of a single-aperture imaging image and fig. 4(b) is a schematic diagram of a three-aperture composite imaging image.
The reference numbers in the figures mean: 1 is the cassegrain telescope, 2 is the collimating lens, 3 is the pyramid prism, 4 is the fast reflection mirror, 5 is the pyramid speculum, 6 is imaging lens, 7 is the CCD camera.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
The whole imaging device is shown in fig. 1 and mainly comprises a telescope subsystem, an optical path precision adjusting system, a tilt correcting system, a beam combining and imaging system. The Cassegrain telescope 1 and the collimating lens 2 form a telescope subsystem, a pyramid prism 3 fixed on a large-stroke high-precision displacement table cascaded by a high-precision translation table 8 and a low-precision translation table 9 is a precise optical path adjusting system, a fast reflecting mirror 4 is an inclination correcting system, and a pyramid reflecting mirror 5, an imaging lens 6 and a CCD camera 7 of which the outer surface is a reflecting surface form an imaging beam combining and imaging system.
The specific working process is as follows:
1. the telescope subsystem respectively receives imaging light waves reflected or scattered by a target object to obtain three paths of subsystem imaging light beams with uncorrected common-phase errors. After the three imaging light beams are folded back by the pyramid prism, the three imaging light beams are reflected to the reflecting surface of the pyramid reflecting mirror through the fast reflecting mirror, and after being reflected by the reflecting surface, the three imaging light beams are combined. The reflection angle of the fast reflecting mirror and the position of the pyramid mirror are accurately adjusted to ensure that the exit pupil and the entrance pupil meet the 'golden ratio' to be followed by Fizeau interference imaging. The combined beam passes through the imaging lens and is imaged on the CCD camera. The CCD camera collects the light intensity distribution at this time.
2. According to the light intensity information collected by the CCD, some reported co-phase algorithms, such as far-field light spot detection, a defocusing phase difference method, a shutter phase difference method, a neural network and the like, are utilized to detect co-phase errors such as translation, inclination and the like among subsystems. And inputting the detected error signal as feedback into an optical path precision adjustment and inclination correction system for corresponding compensation to eliminate the common phase error between the subsystems, realizing the common phase of the light beams of each subsystem and directly obtaining a high-resolution synthetic aperture imaging image on the CCD.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all the design solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention should be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging device based on three apertures is characterized in that: comprises a Cassegrain telescope (1), a collimating lens (2), a pyramid prism (3), a fast reflector (4), a pyramid reflector (5), an imaging lens (6) and a CCD camera (7), wherein,
the cassegrain telescope (1) and the collimating lens (2) form a sub-telescope array, a high-precision long-stroke combined displacement platform and a pyramid prism (3) fixed on the displacement platform form an optical path precise adjusting system, the fast reflector (4) is an inclination correcting unit, the pyramid reflector (5) with a reflecting surface on the outer surface, the imaging lens (6) and the CCD camera (7) form a beam combining and imaging system, light waves reflected or scattered by a target are incident into the pyramid prism (3) after passing through the sub-telescope array, imaging light waves returned after being reflected by the fast reflector (4) are imaged on the CCD camera (7) through the pyramid reflector and the imaging lens, and the optical path precise adjusting system and the inclination correcting unit enable each path of imaging light waves to share a phase, so that high-resolution synthetic aperture imaging of the target is realized;
the specific working process is as follows:
1) the telescope subsystem respectively receives imaging light waves reflected or scattered by a target object to obtain three paths of subsystem imaging light beams with uncorrected common-phase errors; after the three imaging light beams are turned back by the pyramid prism, the three imaging light beams are reflected to a reflecting surface of the pyramid reflector through the fast reflector, after the three imaging light beams are reflected by the reflecting surface, beam combination is realized, the reflecting angle of the fast reflector and the position of the pyramid reflector are accurately adjusted so as to ensure that an exit pupil and an entrance pupil meet 'golden ratio' to be followed by Fizeau interference imaging, the combined beam light beams are imaged on a CCD camera after passing through the imaging lens, and the CCD camera collects the light intensity distribution at the moment;
2) and detecting the translational and oblique common-phase errors between the subsystems by using a common-phase algorithm according to light intensity information acquired by the CCD, inputting detected error signals serving as feedback into an optical path precision adjustment and inclination correction system, and performing corresponding compensation to eliminate the common-phase errors between the subsystems, so that the common-phase of light beams of each subsystem is realized, and a high-resolution synthetic aperture imaging image is directly obtained on the CCD.
2. The sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging device of claim 1 wherein: the device realizes imaging beam synthesis imaging by three sub-telescopes, is a phase-control telescope array, and is designed according to actual requirements on the size and arrangement of the telescope aperture.
3. The sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging device of claim 1 wherein: and the pyramid prism is used for turning back each path of imaging sub-beam, so that the whole system is simple and compact in structure, and the weight and the volume of the system are reduced.
4. The sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging device of claim 1 wherein: the precise adjustment of the optical path is mainly realized by a high-precision large-stroke combined displacement table and an angular cone prism (3) fixed on the displacement table; the high-precision large-stroke displacement table is mainly formed by cascading a large-stroke low-precision displacement table and a small-stroke high-precision displacement table.
5. The sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging device of claim 1 wherein: three fast reflection mirrors are used for realizing the deflection of the light beam and correcting the inclination error of the system.
6. The sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging device of claim 1 wherein: the pyramid reflector that uses the pyramid external surface of special design as the plane of reflection is as the beam combiner, and the pyramid reflector is fixed in on the accurate translation platform simultaneously for the relative position of control outgoing image beam etc. to guarantee that exit pupil and entrance pupil satisfy Fizeau interference formation of image and need follow "golden ratio", in practical application, the pyramid reflector adopts three speculums to constitute the pyramid structure and realizes the beam combiner of image beam.
7. The sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging device of claim 1 wherein: the imaging principle of the device is a Fizeau interference principle, and high-resolution synthesis imaging is directly carried out on a target.
8. The sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging device of claim 1 wherein: the device comprehensively realizes the correction of the translation error and the inclination error of each path of imaging light beam and the beam combination of the imaging light beams based on the pyramid prism, the quick reflector, the pyramid reflector and the like, and has simple and compact structure.
9. A method for beam combining correction based on a three-aperture sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging device, using the device of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
the image collected by the CCD is as follows:
I(x,y)＝o(x,y)*h(x,y)+n(x,y)
where o (x, y) is an ideal geometric image, h (x, y) is a point spread function of the system, n (x, y) is noise of the CCD camera, (x, y) is a coordinate vector of the image plane, which represents convolution, and the point spread function h (x, y) of the system is characterized by:
in the formula pk(u, v) is the pupil function of the sub-telescope, Zm(u, v) is zernike polynomial, m-1 denotes the translational error of the sub-aperture, m-2 and m-3 denote the tilt error in two mutually perpendicular directions, respectively, αmFor the purpose of the corresponding coefficients, the coefficients,
representing a Fourier transform, and based on the measured translation and tilt errors, making an error factor alpha by means of an optical path fine adjustment and tilt correction systemmThe imaging light beam is approximately 0, the common phase of each path of imaging light beam can be realized, and a high-resolution composite image of the target is obtained;
the precise optical path adjustment is mainly realized by a high-precision large-stroke combined displacement table and a pyramid prism (3) fixed on the displacement table, the pyramid prism enables an imaging light beam to turn back on the original path, the position of the pyramid prism is precisely moved, the translation error among paths of a synthetic imaging system is corrected, and the high-precision large-stroke precise displacement table is formed by cascade combination of a large-stroke low-precision displacement table (9) and a small-stroke high-precision displacement table (8);
programming a controllable fast reflecting mirror (4) to realize two-dimensional deflection of light beams, and quickly correcting the oblique aberration of the incident imaging light waves of each sub-aperture so that three paths of imaging light beams are imaged at the same position of the CCD;
the pyramid reflector (5) in the beam combination and imaging system realizes the beam combination of the three imaging light beams; different from a pyramid prism in an optical path precision adjusting system, a pyramid reflector (5) is used as a beam combiner, the outer surfaces of three cones of the pyramid reflector are used for reflecting beams, three imaging beams transmitted by a subsystem are combined and emitted to an imaging lens, then the main lens realizes synthetic imaging, and the pyramid reflector (5) is fixed on a precision translation stage and used for controlling the relative position of the emitted imaging beams and the like so as to ensure that an exit pupil and an entrance pupil meet the 'golden ratio' required to be followed by Fizeau interference imaging.
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| DE102017208709B3 (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2018-10-25 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | A multi-aperture imaging apparatus and method for providing a multi-aperture imaging apparatus |
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