CN106444056A - Sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging device based on three apertures and light beam combination correction method of device - Google Patents
Sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging device based on three apertures and light beam combination correction method of device Download PDFInfo
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sparse optical synthetic aperture imaging device based on three apertures and a light beam combination correction method of the device. The device and the method can be used for remarkably improving the imaging resolving power of a target and effectively weakening the influence of transmission media such as atmosphere and optical systems. The device mainly comprises a telescope sub-array, an optical distance precision adjustment system, an oblique error correction unit, an imaging light sub-beam combination and imaging system and the like. After light waves reflected or scattered by the target are respectively acquired by the telescope sub-array, three imaging light waves share a phase by the aid of the optical distance precision adjustment system and the oblique error correction unit, and finally, high-resolution synthetic aperture imaging for the target is realized by the imaging light sub-beam combination and imaging system. The device has the advantages of simple and compact structure, small size, light weight, high environmental adaptability, capability of simultaneously ensuring optical distance precision adjustment range and adjustment accuracy and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical technical field, and in particular to a kind of sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging dress based on three apertures
Put and its light beam closes beam alignment method.
Background technology
The continuous development and progress of science and technology, many necks such as imaging, military surveillance, astronomical observation and survey of deep space over the ground
Higher and higher resolution is needed in domain.For the single port footpath optical system for commonly using at present, in order to improve spatial resolution
Certainly will to increase system bore, but the increase of system bore is subject to material, technique, manufacturing cost, quality and payload bay
The restriction of the factors such as volume, while also inevitably result in the volume of system and quality increase, to space base and spacebased system
Transmitting brings difficulty.Synthesis aperture imaging system is made up of some rim of the mouth footpath imaging systems for being arranged into specific array form, per
The light beam of individual sub- bore is transmitted to beam synthesis after phase adjustment, and interference imaging on confocal face.Due to itself
Caused by system structure feature and imaging mode, synthesis aperture imaging system is compared single aperture imaging system and is obtained in that target is more
Radio-frequency component, so as to effectively improve imaging observation precision, detect the more fine structures of target, realize equivalent single macropore
The resolution capability of footpath imaging system.
Synthetic aperture imaging technology is generally divided into two kinds：Baseline interference synthetic aperture technology and sparse optical synthesis aperture skill
Art.Complex degree of coherence is obtained compared to baseline interference synthetic aperture technology by inverting interference fringe to be imaged, sparse optics synthesis
Aperture technique is then that multiple sub-aperture of utilization space particular arrangement are directly synthesized to target imaging, with sufficient motility,
Dynamic object is more conducively directly observed.The correlation theory of sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging system and technical research are always the world
Study hotspot, it is in other imaging techniques such as ground and space-based Large Telescope System, Laser Transmission, micro-imaging, three-dimensional imaging
Field has a wide range of applications.Carry out related research, set up the synthetic aperture of simple and compact for structure, small in volume
Imaging system has important scientific meaning and application prospect.
Content of the invention
Present invention aim in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, a kind of sparse optics based on three apertures is provided and is synthesized
Aperture imaging device and its light beam close beam alignment method.The present invention mainly by sub- telescope array, light path fine adjustment system, incline
Oblique error corrects unit, closes the composition such as bundle and imaging system.The present invention has simple and compact for structure, small in volume, environment
Adaptable, the advantages of light path range of accommodation and degree of regulation can be ensured simultaneously, space-based, space base etc. to the weight of platform and
Volume has in the applied environment of strict demand, with obvious advantage.
The technical solution of the present invention is：
1.. a kind of sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging device based on three apertures, structure is as shown in figure 1, Cassegrain hopes
Remote mirror 1 and collimating lens 2 constitute sub- telescope array, and high-precision large-stroke combines displacement platform and is fixed thereon the pyramid rib in face
Mirror 3 constitutes light path fine adjustment system, and anti-mirror 4 is tilt corrector unit soon, and outer surface is the corner cube reflector 5 of reflecting surface, becomes
As lens 6 and the composition of CCD camera 7 close bundle and imaging system.The light wave of target reflection or scattering is penetrated after sub- telescope array
Entering prism of corner cube 3, the imaging light wave that returns is turned back after the reflection of anti-mirror 4 soon, by corner cube reflector and imaging len, image in
CCD camera 7.Light path fine adjustment system and tilt corrector unit cause each road imaging light wave common phase position, realize to target
High-resolution synthetic aperture imaging, image-forming principle is Fizeau interference principle.
The image that CCD is collected is：
I (x, y)=o (x, y) * h (x, y)+n (x, y)
In formula, o (x, y) is point spread function of preferable several picture, the h (x, y) for system, and n (x, y) is CCD camera
Noise, (x, y) represents convolution for the coordinate vector of image plane, *.Point spread function h (x, y) of system can be characterized as：
P in formulak(u, v) is the pupil function of subsystem, Zm(u, v) is zernike polynomial, and m=1 represents the flat of sub-aperture
Shift error, m=2 and m=3 represent the heeling error in two mutually perpendicular directions, α respectivelymFor corresponding coefficient,Table
Show Fourier transformation.According to the translation for measuring and heeling error, error system is made by light path fine adjustment and tilt correction system
Number αm0 is approximately, the common phase position of each road imaging beam is can achieve, and obtains the high-resolution composograph of target.
2.. light path fine adjustment mainly combines displacement platform by high-precision large-stroke and is fixed thereon the prism of corner cube 3 in face
Realize.Prism of corner cube causes imaging beam original road to turn back, and the present invention is synthesized into by the position of accurate mobile prism of corner cube, correction
As the translation error between each road of system.High-precision large-stroke precision displacement table is by the low Accuracy Displacement platform 9 of big stroke and little stroke height
Accuracy Displacement platform 8 is combined.
3.. the two-dimensional deflection of light beam realized by the controlled anti-soon mirror 4 of programming, can quickly correct each sub-aperture incident imaging light
The inclined aberration of ripple so that three road imaging beams are imaged at the same position of CCD.
4.. close the conjunction bundle that bundle and the corner cube reflector 5 in imaging system realize three road imaging beams.It is different from light path precision
Prism of corner cube in regulating system, corner cube reflector 5 is processed through particular design as bundling device, its three cone outer surface use
In the reflected beams, the three road imaging beams that subsystem is transmitted close bundle and shine on imaging len, then are realized by main lenss
Compound imaging.Corner cube reflector 5 is fixed on an accurate translation stage, for controlling relative position of outgoing imaging beam etc.,
It is imaged, to ensure that emergent pupil and entrance pupil meet Fizeau interference, " golden ratio " that need to follow.
Wherein, the device realizes light beam compound imaging by three way telescopic systems, is a kind of phased telescope array.Become
As principle is Fizeau interference principle, directly can to carry out high-resolution compound imaging to target.
Wherein, light path is turned back by light path fine adjustment system using prism of corner cube, makes whole system more simply compact, while
Reduce the weight and volume of system.Realized using the low Accuracy Displacement platform of big stroke and the cascade of little stroke and high precision displacement platform high-precision
Big stroke positioning is spent, the modification scope of light path had both been ensure that, also ensure that the degree of regulation of light path.
Wherein, three soon anti-mirror realize the deflection of light beam, correct the heeling error of system.
Wherein, closing bundle imaging system the corner cube reflector using axicon lens outer surface as reflecting surface of particular design is used as conjunction
Bundle device, while corner cube reflector is fixed on accurate translation stage, need to be followed with ensureing that emergent pupil and entrance pupil meet Fizeau interference imaging
" golden ratio ".
The present invention compared with prior art, has the advantage that：
1. compared with single aperture imaging system, imaging device proposed by the present invention, directly target object can be carried out more
The imaging of high resolution.After light path fine adjustment and tilt correction system eliminate the common phase error of subsystems, 3 prestiges
Remote mirror system can be equivalent to a heavy caliber system, so as to effectively improve the resolution of imaging system.Single aperture is imaged
Respectively as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, compound imaging effectively can be carried the Numerical Simulation Results being imaged with three aperture synthetic as seen from the figure
High imaging resolution capability.
2., compared with other sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging devices, imaging device proposed by the present invention, using height essence
The cascade of degree translation stage is adjusted with the high-precision large-stroke for realizing each road imaging beam light path, is ensureing the same of light path degree of regulation
When, it is possible to obtain bigger modification scope.While the correction that realizes inclining using anti-mirror soon, translation stage and soon anti-mirror are all programmed can
Control, it is possible to achieve the quick common phase closed loop control of system.
3. compared with other sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging devices, imaging device proposed by the present invention, simple structure, special
Be not using prism of corner cube, anti-mirror and corner cube reflector etc. soon, so that compound imaging is completed in the space of light beam incidence, so as to allow
Whole system structure is compacter, and the volume and weight of system is reduced further.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging device schematic diagram based on three apertures proposed by the present invention, wherein, Fig. 1
A () is horizontal double-barrel structure top view, Fig. 1 (b) is top monotubular structural side view；
Fig. 2 combines displacement platform schematic diagram for high-precision large-stroke proposed by the present invention；
Fig. 3 is compound imaging system single aperture imaging point spread function and the imaging point spread function signal of three aperture synthetic
Figure, wherein, it is three aperture point spread function schematic diagrams that Fig. 3 (a) is single aperture point spread function schematic diagram, Fig. 3 (b)；
Fig. 4 is compound imaging system single aperture image and three aperture synthetic image schematic diagrams, wherein, Fig. 4 (a)
For single aperture image schematic diagram, Fig. 4 (b) is three aperture synthetic image schematic diagrams.
In figure reference implication is：1 is Cassegrain telescope, and 2 is collimating lens, and 3 is prism of corner cube, and 4 is fast anti-
Mirror, 5 is corner cube reflector, and 6 is imaging len, and 7 is CCD camera.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment further illustrates the present invention.
The structure of whole imaging device is as shown in figure 1, mainly including look in the distance mirror system, light path fine adjustment system, incline
Tiltedly correction system, light beam close bundle and imaging system.Cassegrain telescope 1 and collimating lens 2 constitute mirror system of looking in the distance, fixing
Prism of corner cube 3 on the large stroke and high precision displacement platform for being cascaded by height precision translation stage 8 and 9 is light path fine adjustment system
System, anti-mirror 4 is tilt correction system soon, and outer surface is that corner cube reflector 5, imaging len 6 and the CCD camera 7 of reflecting surface constitute
Imaging beam closes bundle and imaging system.
Its specific work process is：
1. mirror system of looking in the distance receives the imaging light wave of target object reflection or scattering respectively, obtains three tunnels and does not correct altogether
The subsystem imaging beam of phase error.After three road imaging beams are turned back by prism of corner cube, pyramid reflection is reflexed to through too fast anti-mirror
On the reflecting surface of mirror, after reflected face reflection, realize closing bundle.The accurate position for adjusting the reflection angle of anti-mirror and corner cube reflector soon
Put, be imaged, to ensure that emergent pupil and entrance pupil meet Fizeau interference, " golden ratio " that need to follow.Light beams are closed after imaging len
Image in above CCD camera.CCD camera collection light distribution now.
2. according to the intensity signal of CCD collection, using the common phase algorithm that some have been reported, such as far-field spot detection, out of focus
Phase difference method, shutter phase difference method, neutral net etc., detect the common phase errors such as translation and inclination between subsystem.To visit
The error signal for obtaining is input in light path fine adjustment and tilt correction system, is compensated accordingly, to eliminate son as feedback
Common phase error between system, realizes the common phase position of each subsystem light beam, directly obtains high-resolution synthetic aperture on CCD
Image.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned enforcement
Example, all designs for belonging under thinking of the present invention belong to protection scope of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the art
Those of ordinary skill for, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, these retouchings and improve
Should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging device based on three apertures, it is characterised in that：Including Cassegrain telescope
(1), collimating lens (2), prism of corner cube (3), anti-mirror (4) soon, corner cube reflector (5), imaging len (6), CCD camera (7), its
In,
Cassegrain telescope (1) and collimating lens (2) constitute sub- telescope array, and high-precision large-stroke combines displacement platform and consolidates
Prism of corner cube (3) above which constitutes light path fine adjustment system, and anti-mirror (4) soon is tilt corrector unit, and outer surface is
The corner cube reflector (5) of reflecting surface, imaging len (6) and CCD camera (7) are constituted closes bundle and imaging system, target reflection or
The light wave of scattering injects prism of corner cube (3) after sub- telescope array, and the imaging light wave that returns of turning back is through anti-mirror (4) reflection soon
Afterwards, by corner cube reflector and imaging len, CCD camera (7) is imaged in, light path fine adjustment system and tilt corrector unit make
Obtain each road and light wave common phase position is imaged, realize the high-resolution synthetic aperture imaging to target.
2. the sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging device based on three apertures according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The dress
Put and realize imaging beam compound imaging by three way telescopes, be a kind of phased telescope array, the size of aperture of mirror of looking in the distance and
Arrangement can be designed according to the actual requirements.
3. the sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging device based on three apertures according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Use
Prism of corner cube by each road imaging beamlet turn back so that whole system is simple and compact for structure, at the same reduce system weight and
Volume.
4. the sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging device based on three apertures according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Its light
Journey fine adjustment mainly combines displacement platform by high-precision large-stroke and is fixed thereon prism of corner cube (3) realization in face；In high precision
Big travel displacement platform is mainly made up of the low Accuracy Displacement platform of big stroke and the cascade of little stroke and high precision displacement platform.
5. the sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging device based on three apertures according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Use
Three soon anti-mirror realize the deflection of light beam, correct the heeling error of system.
6. the sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging device based on three apertures according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Use
The corner cube reflector using axicon lens outer surface as reflecting surface of particular design as bundling device, while corner cube reflector is fixed on precision
On translation stage, for controlling relative position of outgoing imaging beam etc., need are imaged to ensure that emergent pupil and entrance pupil meet Fizeau interference
" golden ratio " for following, in actual applications, corner cube reflector can also adopt three pieces of reflecting mirrors to constitute pyramidal structure come real
The conjunction bundle of existing imaging beam.
7. the sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging device based on three apertures according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The dress
The image-forming principle that puts is Fizeau interference principle, directly can carry out high-resolution compound imaging to target.
8. the sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging device based on three apertures according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is based on
The comprehensive translation error for realizing each road imaging beam such as prism of corner cube, fast mirror and corner cube reflector and heeling error correction
And imaging beam closes bundle, simple and compact for structure.
9. a kind of sparse optical synthesis aperture imaging device based on three apertures carries out the method that light beam closes beam alignment, using right
Require the device described in 1, it is characterised in that：The method comprises the steps：
1. the image that .CCD is collected is：
I (x, y)=o (x, y) * h (x, y)+n (x, y)
In formula, o (x, y) is point spread function of preferable several picture, the h (x, y) for system, and n (x, y) is made an uproar for CCD camera
Sound, (x, y) represents convolution for the coordinate vector of image plane, *, and point spread function h (x, y) of system can be characterized as：
P in formulak(u, v) is the pupil function of sub- telescope, Zm(u, v) is zernike polynomial, and m=1 represents the translation of sub-aperture
Error, m=2 and m=3 represent the heeling error in two mutually perpendicular directions, α respectivelymFor corresponding coefficient,Represent
Fourier transformation, according to the translation for measuring and heeling error, makes error coefficient by light path fine adjustment and tilt correction system
αm0 is approximately, the common phase position of each road imaging beam is can achieve, and obtains the high-resolution composograph of target；
2.. light path fine adjustment mainly combines displacement platform by high-precision large-stroke and is fixed thereon prism of corner cube (3) reality in face
Existing, prism of corner cube causes imaging beam original road to turn back, and by the position of accurate mobile prism of corner cube, correction compound imaging system is each
Translation error between road, high-precision large-stroke precision displacement table is by big stroke low Accuracy Displacement platform (9) and little stroke and high precision position
Moving stage (8) cascading is formed；
3.. the two-dimensional deflection of light beam is realized in programming controlled anti-soon mirror (4), can quickly correct each sub-aperture incident imaging light ripple
Inclined aberration so that three road imaging beams are imaged at the same position of CCD；
4.. close the conjunction bundle that bundle and the corner cube reflector (5) in imaging system realize three road imaging beams；It is different from the accurate tune of light path
Prism of corner cube in section system, corner cube reflector (5) is used as bundling device, and its three cone outer surfaces are used for the reflected beams, by subsystem
The three road imaging beams that system is transmitted close bundle and shine on imaging len, then realize compound imaging by main lenss, and pyramid reflects
Mirror (5) is fixed on an accurate translation stage, for controlling relative position of outgoing imaging beam etc., to ensure emergent pupil and entrance pupil
Meet " golden ratio " that Fizeau interference imaging need to be followed.
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| CN108955640A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-12-07 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | The restructural remote sensing camera in space based on synthetic aperture technique |
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