CN106396683B - 一种钛铝碳与碳化钛复合储氢材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种钛铝碳与碳化钛复合储氢材料及其制备方法,所述复合储氢材料根据氢在钛铝碳中更容易扩散及在碳化钛中具有更大储存容量的特点,经备料、混料、压制、烧结等步骤制备。本发明制备的复合储氢材料具有优良的储放氢热动力学性能及较高的储氢容量,以及优良的循环稳定性,可实现氢在室温下的快速可逆储放。本发明的制备方法工艺简单,适合工业化应用。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于储氢材料技术领域,具体涉及一种钛铝碳与碳化钛复合储氢材料及其制备方法。
背景技术:
能源是人类社会发展的重要物质基础。长期以来,人类的能源***是以石油、煤炭、天然气等化石燃料为主。但是化石燃料储量有限且不可再生,同时化石燃料燃烧造成日益严重的“温室效应”和大气污染等环境问题,威胁到人类的生存。因此,可持续的、绿色的新能源是未来能源***的必然选择,如核能、太阳能、风能、潮汐能、氢能等。在这其中,氢能由于具有一系列的优点而被认为是最理想的未来“绿色能源”。但是当前氢能的利用仍面临着一系列的技术问题,其中最为关键的是氢的安全、高效储运技术。氢的储运有多种形式,包括气态储氢、液态储氢和固态储氢,其中固态储氢具有储氢含量高、安全性好、能耗少和氢气纯度高等优点,被认为是最佳的方式。而对于氢的固态存储,重点是开发高性能的储氢材料。对此,研究者已做了大量的工作,取得了明显的成效,如申请号为CN201310717737.0的中国发明专利申请公开了一种掺杂过渡金属氟化物的氢化铝储氢材料及其制备方法,该掺杂过渡金属氟化物的氢化铝储氢材料,由AlH3和MFx组分制成。该储氢材料能够在室温下较快地放出氢气,且放氢量可达6.5wt%。且制备简单,易于控制,可控性好;专利号为ZL201310656908.3的中国发明专利发明了一种镁基复合储氢材料及其制备方法,发明的镁基复合储氢材料具有核壳结构;核为镁的超细粉体颗粒,位于镁基复合储氢材料内部;壳由过渡金属形成,位于镁基复合储氢材料外层。该储氢材料具有良好的储氢动力学性能,吸放氢平台稳定,滞后反应小,吸氢速度较快,放氢温度较低;专利号为ZL201310560102.4的中国发明专利发明了一种含LiMgN的高容量储氢材料制备方法,用该方法制备的颗粒状LiMgN储氢材料的储氢容量达到3.2wt%。尽管目前已开发出了多种储氢材料,且这些储氢材料各有优势,但是也各自又有不足。如原料成本高、放氢温度高或再氢化困难等。这些不足限制了固态储氢材料的进一步推广应用。
发明内容:
本发明针对现有储氢材料的不足,提供了一种钛铝碳与碳化钛复合储氢材料及其制备方法。
本发明的技术方案为:
一种钛铝碳与碳化钛复合储氢材料,其特征在于:所述复合储氢材料由以下组分组成:所述钛铝碳为三元化合物,具体为Ti3AlC2或者Ti2AlC,所述碳化钛为TiCx,其中0.48≤x≤0.8,复合储氢材料中钛铝碳的质量比为2%-15%,其余为碳化钛。
所述的一种钛铝碳与碳化钛复合储氢材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述制备方法由以下步骤组成:
(1)原料准备:准备好制备复合储氢材料所需的原料铝粉与碳化钛粉或钛铝碳粉与碳化钛粉,所述钛铝碳粉为三元化合物,具体为Ti3AlC2或者Ti2AlC,所述碳化钛粉为非化学计量比TiCx,其中0.48≤x≤0.8。当原料为铝粉与碳化钛粉时铝粉的质量比为0.3%到3%,其余为碳化钛粉;当原料为钛铝碳粉与碳化钛粉时,钛铝碳粉的质量比为2%-15%,其余为碳化钛粉;
(2)原料混配:将铝粉与碳化钛粉或者钛铝碳粉与碳化钛粉混合均匀;
(3)球磨:将铝粉与碳化钛粉或者钛铝碳粉与碳化钛粉混合粉料在高能球磨机中球磨3-8小时;
(4)压制成型:将混合均匀的混合粉料压制成所需的形状;
(5)烧结:将压制成型的原料置于烧结炉中,原料为铝粉与碳化钛粉时,加热到950-1200℃,保温3-8小时,当原料为钛铝碳粉与碳化钛粉时加热到600-950℃保温3-8小时,然后随炉冷却到室温,即得到钛铝碳与碳化钛复合储氢材料。
本发明所制备的钛铝碳与碳化钛复合储氢材料及其制备方法与现有储氢材料与技术相比具有如下优点:
1.所制备的钛铝碳与碳化钛复合储氢材料中,钛铝碳化合物主要作用是为氢扩散提供通道,促进氢在储氢材料中的扩散,而碳化钛是氢储存的主要载体,两者复合所得的复合储氢材料既有良好的储放氢热动力学性能,又有较高的储氢容量;测试表明,复合储氢材料的储氢容量达到2.6%.wt-3.6%.wt之间,储放氢速率较单纯的碳化钛储氢材料提高了1-3倍。
2.所制复合储氢材料具有优良的化学稳定性和抗氧化能力,储氢时具有高的抗杂质气体中毒能力和循环稳定性;
3.制备方法简单、原料丰富且价格低廉。
具体实施方式:
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述发明。应说明的是:以下实施例仅用以说明本发明而并非限制本发明所描述的技术方案。一切不脱离本发明的精神和范围的技术方案及其改进,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
实施例1:
(1)原料准备:准备好制备复合储氢材料所需的原料铝粉与碳化钛粉,其中碳化钛粉为TiC0.65,铝粉的质量比为1%,其余为碳化钛粉;
(2)原料混配:将铝粉与碳化钛粉混合均匀;
(3)球磨:将铝粉与碳化钛粉混合粉料在高能球磨机中球磨4小时;
(4)压制成型:将混合均匀的混合粉料压制成所需的形状;
(5)烧结:将压制成型的原料置于烧结炉中,加热到1000℃保温3小时,然后随炉冷却到室温,即得到钛铝碳与碳化钛复合储氢材料。
经电化学储氢试验测定,所得钛铝碳与碳化钛复合储氢材料可在室温下实现氢的可逆存储,储氢容量约为3.0wt.%。
实施例2:
(1)原料准备:准备好制备复合储氢材料所需的原料钛铝碳粉及碳化钛粉,其中钛铝碳粉为Ti3AlC2,碳化钛粉为TiC0.60,钛铝碳粉的质量比为5%,其余为碳化钛粉;
(2)原料混配:将钛铝碳粉及碳化钛粉混合均匀;
(3)球磨:将钛铝碳粉及碳化钛粉混合粉料在高能球磨机中球磨5小时;
(4)压制成型:将混合均匀的混合粉料压制成所需的形状;
(5)烧结:将压制成型的原料置于烧结炉中,加热到800℃保温3小时,然后随炉冷却到室温,即得到钛铝碳与碳化钛复合储氢材料。
经电化学储氢试验测定,所得钛铝碳与碳化钛复合储氢材料可在室温下实现氢的可逆存储,储氢容量约为3.3wt.%。
实施例3:
(1)原料准备:准备好制备复合储氢材料所需的原料钛铝碳粉及碳化钛粉,其中钛铝碳粉为Ti2AlC,碳化钛为TiC0.70,钛铝碳粉的质量比为15%,其余为碳化钛粉;
(2)原料混配:将钛铝碳粉及碳化钛粉混合均匀;
(3)球磨:将钛铝碳粉及碳化钛粉混合粉料在高能球磨机中球磨5小时;
(4)压制成型:将混合均匀的混合粉料压制成所需的形状;
(5)烧结:将压制成型的原料置于烧结炉中,加热到700℃保温6小时,然后随炉冷却到室温,即得到钛铝碳与碳化钛复合储氢材料。
经电化学储氢试验测定,所得钛铝碳与碳化钛复合储氢材料可在室温下实现氢的可逆存储,储氢容量约为2.7wt.%。
Claims (2)
1.一种钛铝碳与碳化钛复合储氢材料,其特征在于:所述复合储氢材料由以下组分组成:所述钛铝碳为三元化合物,具体为Ti3AlC2或者Ti2AlC,所述碳化钛为TiCx,其中0.48≤x≤0.8,复合储氢材料中钛铝碳的质量比为2%-15%,其余为碳化钛。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种钛铝碳与碳化钛复合储氢材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述制备方法由以下步骤组成:
(1)原料准备:准备好制备复合储氢材料所需的原料铝粉与碳化钛粉或者钛铝碳粉与碳化钛粉,所述钛铝碳粉为三元化合物,具体为Ti3AlC2或者Ti2AlC,所述碳化钛粉为TiCx,其中0.48≤x≤0.8;当原料为铝粉与碳化钛粉时铝粉的质量比为0.3%到3%,其余为碳化钛粉;当原料为钛铝碳粉与碳化钛粉时,钛铝碳粉的质量比为2%-15%,其余为碳化钛粉;
(2)原料混配:将铝粉与碳化钛粉或者钛铝碳粉与碳化钛粉混合均匀;
(3)球磨:将铝粉与碳化钛粉或者钛铝碳粉与碳化钛粉混合粉料在高能球磨机中球磨3-8小时;
(4)压制成型:将混合均匀的混合粉料压制成所需的形状;
(5)烧结:将压制成型的原料置于烧结炉中,原料为铝粉与碳化钛粉时,加热到950-1200℃,保温3-8小时,当原料为钛铝碳粉与碳化钛粉时加热到600-950℃保温3-8小时,然后随炉冷却到室温,即得到钛铝碳与碳化钛复合储氢材料。
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CN104072139A (zh) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-10-01 | 沈阳化工大学 | 金属钛碳化物陶瓷的制备方法 |
CN105271232A (zh) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-01-27 | 西安交通大学 | 一种基于超声辅助热爆反应制备Ti2AlC的方法 |
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