CN106382913A - Hand-held electronic tree measuring instrument - Google Patents
Hand-held electronic tree measuring instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN106382913A CN106382913A CN201510441482.9A CN201510441482A CN106382913A CN 106382913 A CN106382913 A CN 106382913A CN 201510441482 A CN201510441482 A CN 201510441482A CN 106382913 A CN106382913 A CN 106382913A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hand-held electronic tree measuring instrument, relates to forest metrology in forestry, electronic science and technology, computer science and technology and other disciplines, and is a product of multidisciplinary crossover research. According to the device, an MCU, an SD storage card, an LCD display screen, a lithium battery, a tilt angle sensor and other electronic components are designed according to requirements of tree height measurement and angle gauge gauging functions and PCB is customized to form a device electronic hardware part, a fixed-length connecting cable, an angle gauge sheet and an auxiliary ruler are matched, and digitization acquisition and automatic calculation of the tree height, tree sectional area and other survey data in forest stand investigation are achieved; three height measurement algorithms and an original angle gauge forest stand sectional area counting function are integrated and fused, and the algorithms are used as firmware to be written into the MCU sheet internal memory of the device; the device achieves digitization storage of the height measurement and angle gauge gauging data. The device is mainly used for agriculture and forestry standing tree stumpage survey, the standing tree height and the forest stand average sectional area number are measured by using the device, and the forest stand stumpage per unit is automatically calculated, and through matched upper computer software, field acquired data are read out for inner industry treatment and use.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is to be applied to the measurement live standing tree height of tree, a kind of electronics measuring device of dipping in the live standing tree investigation of agriculture and forestry field, and this device adopts different Height-measuring algorithms to measure the height of selected sample trees in target standing forest；Realize automatically counting around survey in point sample plot investigation；And the seeds figurate number by pre-setting, investigated standing forest unit area growing stock amount is automatically calculated using height of tree figurate number method；Device has measurement data store function, can carry out the setting of field investigation data query, derivation and device parameter by upper computer software by field investigation data-storing on the memory of this equipment in graphic interface.This device is integrated with and surveys that high, basal area counts, angle gauge dipping when Stand Volume calculate, measure data-storing etc. multiple functions Portable field investigation apparatus.This device relate to multiple subjects such as measurement science of forest in forestry, electronic information science ＆ technology, Computer Science and Technology, is the product of interdisciplinary research.
Background technology
During current agriculture and forestry field investigation, stand height, standing forest section number to be respectively completed measurement by altitude chamber, two kinds of Measuring Devices of common angle gauge respectively.
First, angle gauge
Angle gauge is a kind of assize instrument by the uncommon invention of Austrian silviculturist's bit profit for the nineteen forty-seven.Measured with angle gauge standing forest unit area basal area summation when, the often wooden dipping of area estimation need not be carried out, broken the traditional method of measuring and calculating Stand basal area and stand on the study plot of certain area.
1.
Angle gauge survey principle
1.1 multiple concentric circular principles
This principle is centered on measuring point, and every plant of tree is made with a circular sample ground（Sample is justified）.The area of sample circle depends on the size of forest diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground D, and the area on therefore sample ground is changeably, therefore claims unequal probabilites sampling.
1）Assume woods in all forests the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground equal for Dj, as Fig. 1 sets P2For critical tree（Tangent）, then use angle gauge around when surveying, formed with RjFor radius, the imagination centered on O expands justifies.Make angle gauge long（Sometimes it is rope）For L, a width of l of breach, then：
Sample area of a circle Sj：
2）If having Z in imaginary circle sample groundjDuring strain tree, that is, angle gauge is counted as Z around surveyj, then the trees basal area in sample circle is gj：
3）When the sample area of a circle is scaled 1 hectare, forest per hectare basal area GjIt is represented by：
Order：
Then：
4）In actual standing forest, the diameter of trees non-equal, and have thickness, distance point.M diameter group D is had as Fig. 2 sets in standing forestj（J=1,2,3 ... m), by above-mentioned principle, with angle gauge around survey when, actually to every group of diameter DjIt is respectively formed one centered on O, with RjThe m imaginary sample for radius is justified, thus forming the multiple overlapping concentric circular of m.All fall corresponding concentric circle in be then counted as 1 or 0.5, otherwise do not count.Obviously the total basal area of standing forest is：
1.2 expand garden principle
Lattice Scott Rosenberg（Grosenbaugh L.R., 1952）The feature of point sample plot based on theory of probability, is further illustrated from the angle of sampling：Its area of section size can be plotted area of a circle figure by forest in one standing forest in proportion, such as grid paper is covered on here figure, and the principle quadratured by point of square control network counts the points in trunk basal area, you can obtain the estimated value of basal area.Because trunk area of section summation is compared with forest land area, numerical value is comparatively small, estimate that trunk total basal area will need fully many points in this way, therefore, trunk basal area can be multiplied by certain constant, it is expanded into certain multiple, draw larger expansion circle to represent trunk area of section around trunk central point, make this expand the radius of circle corresponding with the critical distance of specific basal area factor.Now, sampling point fall into expand the probability of circle just with being in proportion of trunk basal area.The ratio expanding the radius R and trunk diameter d of circle is equal to the ratio of the long L of angle gauge bar and angle gauge breach l
.Expand circle timbered for the institute on forest land, make a projection（Fig. 3）, such as sampling point（The i.e. center of sample circle）Fall among the expansion circle of trees, this tree belongs to by meter trees.According to expanding circle principle, equally can derive that the forest basal area formula that angle gauge measures in standing forest unit area is：
2. angle gauge construction and use
The construction of angle gauge and using very simple, existing frequently-used portable be that the little rope of one section of 50cm length adds a lamellule mostly, lamellule has two to three small gaps that width differs.Select in standing forest during use a representational point be the center of circle, around survey one week, the tree trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is cut with visual angle Liang Tiao side phase and is all remembered 1 plant, tangent all remember 0.5 plant, be designated as 0 plant from person.So on measuring point to around forest by strain observation it is desirable to not test leakage of not resurveying, around surveying total strain number Z that after a week, it counts, then several measuring points are taken it to count the average of strain number around surveying result（Z）, it is calculated as follows standing forest per hectare basal area summation G：
In formula：The average counter strain number of each measuring point of Z
FgBasal area factor
All kinds of angle gauges at present, such as angle gauge piece, the automatic angle gauge of rod-type etc., all do not carry basal area enumerator, automatically calculate the function of standing forest reserves per unit not according to default seeds figurate number yet.
2nd, altitude chamber
The height of tree refer to trees from ground rhizome to the distance between treetop or height.Altitude chamber used by agriculture and forestry generally refers to measure the equipment of the height of tree.
Generally adopt at present tree height measurement equipment mainly the Bo Lulai altitude chamber of with good grounds triangle principle design, design Chris village altitude chamber, theodolite and ultrasound wave altitude meter etc. according to similar triangle theory.
1.
Bo Lulai altitude chamber
As shown in Figure 4 in Bo Lulai altitude chamber schematic diagram, can obtain trees height H according to triangle principle is：
2. Chris village altitude chamber
Chris village altitude chamber operation principle is to press close to erect a fixed length at trunk（General 2～3 meters）Winning post, then with a fixed length ruler（General 30cm）Pinching upper end makes it sagging.When sight line observes treetop and tree base up and down, just by the upper and lower ends of ruler（See Fig. 5）When, the position that now sight line on observation winning post top is cut with ruler phase, obtain final product this section of bc in Fig. 5.By formula：
Height of tree AC can be calculated, and carve number in b point.When BC and ac is fixed length, gives 5～40 meters of different AC, corresponding bc can be calculated and be inscribed on ruler, for directly using.
The semi-automatic measuring equipment that domestic at present common angle gauge, altitude chamber are angle gauge dipping, tree height measurement function is each independent counts, stores it is impossible to realize electronization, carries, using all inconvenient simultaneously.
Content of the invention
First, the subject matter solving
In order to solve existing simple angle gauge, the angle gauge dipping of altitude chamber, survey that high function is discrete, in angle gauge dipping the problems such as hand-kept, the present invention solves the problems referred to above in the innovation of following several respects：
1. realize the digital collections of survey data such as the height of tree in Stand investigation, forest basal area and field condition calculates automatically.
This device utilizes triangle to survey high principle, measures the inclination angle of sample trees difference observation station using obliquity sensor, and by selected preset three kind height of tree measuring method, scene calculates target sample trees height automatically, changes the working method of original manual measurement height of tree hand-kept；
The section product being obtained using electronic counting mode record angle gauge dipping, changes original simple angle gauge by the pattern manually using pen, paper record；
Pre-setting seeds figurate number, on the basis of basal area factor, carrying out after angle gauge control scaling counts and finish, can directly calculating the unit accumulation of standing forest at the scene.
2.
Multiple methods measure the function of the height of tree and the Stand basal area tally function integrated fusion of original simple angle gauge
In height of tree measuring and calculating, there is provided the high method of three kinds of different surveys, user can select suitable method measure according to practical situation；
Carrying out after angle gauge control scaling counts and finish, can the height of tree according to measured by previous step, and pre-set seeds figurate number, basal area factor, COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING goes out the unit accumulation of standing forest.
3.
Survey high and angle gauge data digitized storage
This device achieves the digitized of field Stand investigation data, field investigation data is saved in the storage card of device with document form data, when interior industry is processed, directly this data file can be imported on the computer that interior industry is processed, solve the problems, such as using can only be indoors by manual entry computer during original simple angle gauge.
2nd, the technical scheme adopting
The present invention solves the above problems and be employed technical scheme comprise that：
Whole device is made up of several majors such as electronic section, angle gauge piece, aided ruler, supplementary observation mirror, assistant connection wire cables.Wherein, electronic section is mainly made up of a MCU, one piece of SD storage card, a piece of LCD display, one piece of lithium battery and an obliquity sensor.Device adopts USB interface to charge with the communication of host computer, to the built-in rechargeable battery of device power supply itself and device.Connect the soft thin cable that cable is fixed length 50cm diameter about 0.3cm, the electronic section of attachment means and angle gauge piece.Angle gauge piece breach has three specifications, and breach size is respectively 0.71cm, 1cm, 1.41cm, and corresponding basal area factor is respectively 0.5,1,2.During use, from the angle gauge piece of one of specification, and corresponding basal area factor is set on electronic components.Generally, the angle gauge piece breach of employing is 1cm, and basal area factor is 1.Supplementary observation mirror can help investigator's run-home during surveying height, to improve certainty of measurement.
This device removes and can manually arrange stand height and be outside one's consideration, and additionally provides the measuring method of three kinds of live standing tree height, and using corresponding height of tree value as angle gauge control scaling process the input of the standing forest height of tree, for calculating standing forest reserves per unit.
First kind of way is surveyed high for fixed range method.Observation station human eye height is measured to the inclination angle theta of sample trees root using obliquity sensor to sample trees root after S in input observation station ground0Inclination angle theta with observation station to sample trees top1, the height of correction observation station, the gradient respectively, principle is as shown in Figure 6.
Work as θ0When ＜ 0 is depression angle, BF takes positive root, works as θ0When ＞ 0 is upward view angle, BF takes negative root, and the height of tree is：
Work as θ0Height of tree when=0：
Second is surveyed high mode and utilizes aided ruler fixing point to survey height, will aided ruler fixed placement in sample trees root, survey, with obliquity sensor, the inclination angle that observation station arrives tree base, aided ruler upper end, 3 points of treetop end successively, aided ruler length is L, as shown in fig. 7, the height of tree is calculated with triangle principle：
The third is surveyed high mode and utilizes aided ruler unfixed point to survey height, will aided ruler be positioned at B point, and observation personnel, aided ruler, sample trees are on the same line.Observation personnel measure the inclination angle theta of B point aided ruler bottom respectively in A point0, measure the inclination angle theta on aided ruler top1, measure the inclination angle theta of tree base in A point meanwhile2, to the inclination angle theta at treetop end3, observation personnel move on to the B point of aided ruler position, measure tree base D inclination angle theta4, measure treetop end C inclination angle theta5, aided ruler length is L, as shown in figure 8, the height of tree is：
By obliquity sensor automatic data collection, the present invention is respectively adopted above-mentioned three kinds of algorithms and automatically calculates the height of tree value angle value in above-mentioned three kinds of modes.
The height of tree manually entering or being obtained using any of the above-described kind of measuring method, as the parameter input of angle gauge dipping in next step.During bevel protractor dipping, with a hand-held angle gauge piece, the handle of another holds electronic section, eye, what time point-blank, finger presses three buttons on electronic section respectively, and wherein 1 key starts dipping for auxiliary gun sight, angle gauge piece breach, tested live standing tree, 2 keys are meter 1 button, and 3 keys are meter 0.5 button.During surveying, the standing tree meter 1 that cuts with angle gauge piece breach phase, by 1 button；The standing tree meter 0.5 tangent with angle gauge piece breach, by based on press 2 keys.After surveying one week and finishing, by 1 bond bundle epicycle around survey, press the dipping that 3 keys then terminate this angle gauge point.Button produces a counting pulse signal every time, carries out counting process by processor.After each angle gauge point dipping finishes, the height of tree that this device obtains according to default seeds, figurate number and abovementioned steps by figurate number method calculate the per hectare accumulation of this angle gauge point.After the completion of field data collection, data file may pass to, by USB interface, the computer that interior industry is processed.System handling process is as shown in figure 14.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, the integrated original angle gauge of this device, two kinds of equipment of altitude chamber just specific function, provide three kinds of method measuring and calculating height of trees, automatically the height of tree and standing forest stocking per unit area are calculated, realize digitized processing and the storage of field investigation data, conveniently survey data is carried out derive in batches and process using equipment such as computer, PDA.Device volume is little, and structure is simple, easy to operate, is easy to carry.
Brief description
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples：
Fig. 1 is that angle gauge test sample justifies schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is that schematic diagram justified by the concentric sample of angle gauge survey；
Fig. 3 is that schematic diagram is justified in the expansion of angle gauge survey；
Fig. 4 is Bo Lulai altitude chamber schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is Chris village altitude chamber schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is that the present invention is manually entered the ground distance high schematic diagram of survey；
Fig. 7 is that the present invention utilizes aided ruler fixing point to survey high schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is that the present invention utilizes aided ruler unfixed point to survey high schematic diagram；
Fig. 9 is electronic hardware structural representation of the present invention；
Figure 10 is PCB front elevation of the present invention；
Figure 11 is PCB back view of the present invention；
Figure 12 is outward appearance of the present invention and main member schematic diagram：
In figure 1. assists traversing head, 2. button 1,3. button 2,4. button 3,5.LCD display screen, 6. USB interface, 7.SD draw-in groove, 8. switchs, 9. entity body, 10. connects cable, 11. angle gauge pieces, 12. aided rulers；
Figure 13 is the schematic diagram that the present invention connects host computer；
Figure 14 is present system process chart.
Specific embodiment
Shown in Figure 12, entity body passes through to connect cable joint angle rule piece, and aided ruler uses according to the high method choice of survey using.Auxiliary traversing head can regard concrete condition and select simple glass eyeglass or the telescope of meniscuss composition.Visually concrete production batch adopts the chip of different model to MCU used by entity body.
Shown in Figure 13, embodiment electronic entity main body connects cable by USB and is connected on computer, is read the data in SD card on harvester by the upper computer software of the present invention on computer.
Shown in Figure 14, the system handling process during concrete application of the present invention, 1. carry out parameter configuration using upper computer software, 2 download parameters on device, 3. arrange parameter in the wild, the mainly field parameter related to site environment such as the seeds at scene on the spot, 4. gather the height of tree in the wild, 5. carry out angle gauge dipping and calculate Stand basal area, 6. indoors or the portable equipment such as field use computer or PDA reads corresponding data by upper computer software, 7. display processing data on office work management machine.In above flow process, the 4th step, the 5th step can optionally one item function use, and also can both be used in combination, but calculate stand to scene in the wild, then must first carry out the 4th step, execute the 5th step afterwards.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of hand-held electronic dendrometer, it is achieved that counting around survey in angle gauge investigation and height of tree measuring and calculating function, is characterized in that：
Entity body includes MCU, obliquity sensor, LCD display, button, SD card, lithium battery, USB controller and interface, buzzer, surface-mounted integrated circuit, assists gun sight first-class, wherein
Described MCU, obliquity sensor, USB controller and interface, buzzer are welded on described surface-mounted integrated circuit；
Described LCD display, button, SD card, lithium battery are connected on described surface-mounted integrated circuit by the corresponding interface；
Described main body is connected to angle gauge piece by the cable of fixed length 50CM；
Described main body auxiliary traversing head position, connect key position and function definition, LCD position, cable direct bearing position and mounting means all have determined that；
Described main body, in application process, calculates the height of tree by aided ruler.
2. hand-held electronic dendrometer according to claim 1, is characterized in that：
Described surface-mounted integrated circuit achieve MCU interlock circuit, obliquity sensor circuit, LCD circuit, key circuit, on-off circuit, electric power management circuit, USB controller interlock circuit, SD card circuit integrated, wherein
Described MCU circuit provides the I/O interface of MCU processing data；Obliquity sensor measured value is given MCU by described obliquity sensor circuit；Described LCD circuit controls the display of LCD display content；Described key circuit will give MCU by I/O signal；Described electric power management circuit is responsible for discharge and recharge and the voltage monitoring of lithium battery.
3. hand-held electronic dendrometer according to claim 1, is characterized in that：
Described electronic tree instrument is achieved fixed range method and surveys algorithm integration that is high, utilizing aided ruler fixing point survey height, surveyed high three kinds of standing tree height measurement methods using aided ruler unfixed point；Described electronic tree instrument, using angle gauge piece, carry out measuring counting, by default seeds figurate number during angle gauge dipping, automatically calculate surveyed target standing forest reserves per unit, described electronic tree instrument achieves and measures the integrated of standing tree height and angle gauge dipping measuring and calculating function；The digital collection that described electronic tree instrument achieves the height of tree, angle gauge dipping counts；Achieve the automatic calculating to stand biomass, Stand Volume, obtain result of calculation；Described electronic tree instrument achieves described gathered data and described result of calculation and is formatting storage；The method that described electronic tree instrument improves traditional field standing forest tree height measurement, angle gauge dipping is respectively adopted angle gauge, altitude chamber measures two kinds of device measurings, using described electronic tree instrument by the improvement to the standing forest height of tree, angle gauge dipping handling process in interior industry, field operation, improve standing forest tree height measurement, the efficiency of angle gauge dipping.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110887458A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-03-17 | 成濮生 | Forestry is with portable measurement system |
| CN113812977A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-12-21 | 安徽理工大学 | Ultrasonic sphygmomanometer |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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