CN110887458A - Forestry is with portable measurement system - Google Patents
Forestry is with portable measurement system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110887458A CN110887458A CN201911229693.0A CN201911229693A CN110887458A CN 110887458 A CN110887458 A CN 110887458A CN 201911229693 A CN201911229693 A CN 201911229693A CN 110887458 A CN110887458 A CN 110887458A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C3/00—Measuring distances in line of sight; Optical rangefinders
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/0035—Measuring of dimensions of trees
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
- G01C15/002—Active optical surveying means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of forestry measurement, in particular to a portable measurement system for forestry, which comprises a handheld machine body, an MCU (microprogrammed control unit) controller, an inclination angle sensor, an SD (secure digital) memory, an LCD (liquid crystal display) screen, a buzzer, a laser lamp, a key, a JTAG (joint test action group) interface, a USB (universal serial bus) interface and a power module, wherein the handheld machine body is connected with the; the system module comprises an LCD module, a storage module, a height measuring module and an angle gauge checking ruler module; the invention enables the forestry field to be popularized in the aspects of portable and automatic measuring instruments, overcomes the problems of backward productivity and low working efficiency caused by the fact that most of the existing tree measuring instruments require manpower and labor, and is simple to operate, economical and practical, suitable for college students, fruit forest patrollers and small-range forest protectors, capable of saving manpower and material resources, capable of reading and recording data and wide in market popularization value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of forestry measurement, in particular to a portable measurement system for forestry.
Background
At the end of the 20 th century, forestry management departments still locate forest resource surveys in manual recording and compass measurement stages, so that the working efficiency is low, the field work load is large, and the survey efficiency and the result accuracy are influenced to a great extent. Meanwhile, in the forest resource sustainability development investigation, most of the methods also use manual operation to obtain index data, so that the data acquisition is difficult, and the calculation period is long.
For a long time, the automation level of forest resource management in China is low, tools and methods are backward, a large amount of material resources, financial resources and manpower can be spent in one investigation, and the data processing often needs 1-2 years. In order to improve the working efficiency, the method for measuring the trees needs to be improved. With the continuous development of the technology level, various electronic technologies are widely applied to forest resource investigation, and related forestry management departments generally have professional measuring equipment.
On the contrary, for the current forest protectors, fruit growers of fruit forest patrollers and relevant universities and universities of forestry in a small range, a measuring system and equipment capable of quickly measuring relevant data are lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a portable measurement system for forestry, which is light in weight, can quickly measure the height of standing trees and quickly measure the forest stand accumulation amount, and can be used for forestry.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a portable measurement system for forestry comprises a handheld machine body, an MCU controller, a tilt angle sensor, an SD memory, an LCD (liquid crystal display), a buzzer, a laser lamp, a key, a JTAG interface, a USB (universal serial bus) interface and a power module; the device also comprises an LCD module, a storage module, a height measuring module and an angle gauge checking ruler module; the LCD is embedded in the hand-held machine body, the keys are arranged on the side face of the LCD, and the laser lamp is arranged in a laser emitting hole in the hand-held machine body; the MCU controller, the inclination angle sensor, the SD memory, the buzzer, the JTAG interface, the USB interface and the power supply module are arranged in the handheld machine body; the inclination angle sensor, the SD memory, the LCD screen, the buzzer, the laser lamp, the keys, the JTAG interface and the USB interface are all connected with the MCU interface;
in the aspect of hardware, the MCU controller is a controller with a mature ARM Cortex-M series architecture, and the invention selects 32 of STM32 series as the MCU, thereby having high performance, low cost and low power consumption; the sensor selects an inclination angle sensor instead of an acceleration sensor, because the inclination angle sensor is mainly used for measuring a static inclination angle when the acceleration is small although both are based on the inertia principle, and the single-shaft inclination angle sensor is selected only for acquiring the equipment elevation angle in the vertical direction; finland VTI company is a pioneer of global tilt sensor, and the invention selects SCA830-D07 single-shaft sensor to measure the height of standing tree.
The height measuring module adopts a triangle principle, selects a height measuring method and functions according to a key of a user, uses a laser lamp to assist visual fixed points, is matched with an inclination angle value obtained by an inclination angle sensor, calculates through an MCU (microprogrammed control unit) controller to obtain a standing tree to be measured, records and stores the standing tree to be measured on an SD (secure digital) memory, and is matched with an LCD (liquid crystal display) module to display the standing tree by the LCD;
the angle gauge detection ruler module adopts a concentric circle principle, a trigonometric function principle and an enlarged circle principle, if the forest stand accumulation amount is required to be measured and calculated, after the height measurement module obtains the standard forest stand height, the forest stand accumulation amount can enter the angle gauge detection ruler module to be matched with a universal angle gauge sheet for forestry measurement to carry out angle gauge winding measurement, the module can count in the angle gauge winding measurement process, and after the winding measurement counting is finished, the forest stand accumulation amount is automatically calculated and displayed according to the set tree type number and the measured standard forest height.
Preferably, the JTAG interface further includes a serial port, and the serial port employs a MAX3232 chip; the serial port also comprises a level conversion circuit; the MAX3232 chip is selected, so that the power performance is high, the power consumption is low, the cost is saved, and the design positioning is met.
Preferably, the power module adopts lithium battery equipment, and the power module adopts a CN3052 chip for charge management.
Further, the portable measurement system for forestry comprises a clock circuit, besides the whole hardware structure, of the MCU controller; the clock circuit comprises four parts, namely a system clock SYSCLK, a real-time clock RTC, an independent watchdog clock IWDGCLK and a clock USBCLK for USB data transmission; the invention adopts a high-speed internal clock HSE of 8MHz to be multiplied to 72MHz through a phase-locked loop PLL to be used as a system clock SYSCLK, adopts a low-speed external clock LSE as an RTC clock, adopts a popular internal clock LSI as a watchdog clock, and provides the USBCLK by dividing the frequency of the output end of the phase-locked loop PLL to 48 MHz.
Further, the forestry-used portable measuring system is characterized by comprising a reset circuit besides an integral hardware structure, wherein the reset circuit realizes hardware reset through a key; compared with the traditional reset circuit, the mode of using MAX811 EUS-T as the voltage monitor has the characteristics of strong anti-interference capability, accurate time delay and the like, and can realize a reliable reset function.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts the MCU controller of the embedded STM, has no operating system, is more concise, and firstly initializes and detects the state of hardware such as an LCD screen, a USB interface, an SD card and the like after the system is started. Because the hardware has a plurality of corresponding transient processes after the equipment is powered on, the operation correctness can be influenced if the program is started immediately at the moment, and therefore, after the hardware is detected to be correct, information such as a startup interface display version and the like is provided and the hardware waits for 1 second for the transient process to pass. If the hardware state is abnormal, if the Micro-SD card is pulled out, the screen gives an error prompt, and the computer can be restarted after the error is corrected. After the hardware initialization is successful, the device then performs acquisition of system parameters and functional parameters of the software layer and corresponding initialization configuration. The functional parameters and system parameters related to work are stored in the SD card in the form of binary files, and before the system enters the main program module, the system needs to read the configuration files to obtain the related parameters and write the related parameters into the memory for initialization. After the initialization configuration is completed, the system enters a measurement mode, calls corresponding functional modules according to the key operation of a user to realize various operations, and meanwhile, refreshes corresponding operation interfaces. Starting a timer while monitoring key interruption, and automatically closing the equipment when idle time exceeds automatic shutdown time; the invention enables the forestry field to be popularized in the aspects of portable and automatic measuring instruments, overcomes the problems of backward productivity and low working efficiency caused by the fact that most of the existing tree measuring instruments require manpower and labor, and is simple to operate, economical and practical, suitable for college students, fruit forest patrollers and small-range forest protectors, capable of saving manpower and material resources, capable of reading and recording data and wide in market popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a forestry portable measuring system;
figure 2 is a schematic diagram of fixed distance height measurement of a portable forestry measurement system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the fixed distance height measurement of an auxiliary scale of the portable forestry measurement system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary scale for the forestry portable measuring system for measuring height at an indefinite distance;
figure 5 is a flow chart of the operation of the forestry portable measuring system of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a clock circuit diagram of a forestry portable measurement system of the present invention;
figure 7 is a reset circuit diagram of a portable forestry measurement system of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, a portable measurement system for forestry, comprising a handheld machine body, an MCU controller, a tilt sensor, an SD memory, an LCD liquid crystal display, a buzzer, a laser lamp, a key, a JTAG interface, a USB interface and a power module; the device also comprises an LCD module, a storage module, a height measuring module and an angle gauge checking ruler module; the LCD is embedded in the hand-held machine body, the keys are arranged on the side face of the LCD, and the laser lamp is arranged in a laser emitting hole in the hand-held machine body; the MCU controller, the inclination angle sensor, the SD memory, the buzzer, the JTAG interface, the USB interface and the power supply module are arranged in the handheld machine body; the inclination angle sensor, the SD memory, the LCD screen, the buzzer, the laser lamp, the keys, the JTAG interface and the USB interface are all connected with the MCU interface;
in the aspect of hardware, the MCU controller is a controller with a mature ARM Cortex-M series architecture, and the invention selects 32 of STM32 series as the MCU, thereby having high performance, low cost and low power consumption; the sensor selects an inclination angle sensor instead of an acceleration sensor, because the inclination angle sensor is mainly used for measuring a static inclination angle when the acceleration is small although both are based on the inertia principle, and the single-shaft inclination angle sensor is selected only for acquiring the equipment elevation angle in the vertical direction; finland VTI company is a pioneer of global tilt sensor, and the invention selects SCA830-D07 single-shaft sensor to measure the height of standing tree.
Referring to fig. 2-4, the height measuring module uses the principle of triangulation, according to the height measuring method and function selected by the user through the keys, uses the laser lamp to assist the visual fixing point, cooperates with the inclination angle value obtained by the inclination angle sensor, calculates through the MCU controller to obtain the vertical wood to be measured, records and stores on the SD memory, and cooperates with the LCD module to display through the LCD liquid crystal display screen;
the measuring principle applied by the invention is as follows, most of the high-speed measuring module at home and abroad is a triangular principle measurer, and the invention adopts a height measuring mode to deal with different application tasting scenes and designs three height measuring methods;
(1) fixed height measurement method:
the fixed distance height measurement is a method for measuring the height by two-point observation after measuring the distance between the ground point where an observer is located and the base of the standing tree. As shown in FIG. 2, the height calculation principle of 2 from the ground point B where the observer is located to the eye observation point A is L0And the distance from the point B to the point C at the base of the standing tree is marked as L1Aiming at the point C and the point D on the top of the standing tree at the point A respectively to obtain the inclination angle theta from the sight line and the horizontal plane0And theta1And point F is the intersection point of the horizontal plane where point C is located and the straight line where point AB is located, and the length of BF is recorded as H. According to the principle of triangle geometry, when theta 0<When 0 is a depression, H1 takes the following values:
when θ 0>0 is the elevation angle, H1 takes the following values:
the standing height thus obtained is:
H＝CD＝(L0+H1)*(1+tgθ1/tgθ0) When θ 0 is equal to 0, i.e., point a and point C are on the same horizontal plane, the standing height may be expressed as:
(2) auxiliary ruler fixed point height measurement
The height measurement is carried out by utilizing the fixed point of the auxiliary scale, namely, an auxiliary scale with fixed length is erected on the base of the standing tree, the length of the auxiliary scale is random and known, as shown in figure 3, a point B of the base of the standing tree, a point C of the top end of the auxiliary scale and a point D of the top end of the standing tree are respectively aimed at an observation point A, and three dip angles theta between the sight line and the horizontal plane are obtained0、θ1、θ2Auxiliary markThe length of the ruler is recorded as L, and the tree height H is calculated according to the triangle principle as follows: h ═ L ═ tg θ2-tgθ0)/(tgθ1-tgθ0)
(3) Auxiliary scale height measurement without fixed point
The auxiliary scale is used for measuring height at an unfixed point, namely, in a measuring mode of erecting the scale in front of or behind an observer, as shown in fig. 4, the auxiliary scale is erected at a point B, so that the observer, the auxiliary scale and the erection tree are on the same straight line. An observer sequentially aims at a point A of an observation point at a point B of the bottom end of the auxiliary scale, a point C of the top end of the auxiliary scale, a point D of the base of the standing tree and a point E of the top end of the standing tree to obtain inclination angles theta 0, theta 1, theta 2 and theta 3 of the sight line and the horizontal plane; then the observer moves to the position of the auxiliary scale, takes the point C as a sight starting point, aims at the point D and the point E respectively to obtain inclination angles theta 4 and theta 5 of the sight and a horizontal plane, the length of the auxiliary scale is marked as L, and the tree height is calculated according to the trigonometric principle:
the angle gauge detection ruler module adopts a concentric circle principle, a trigonometric function principle and an enlarged circle principle, if the forest stand accumulation is required to be measured, after the height measurement module obtains the standard forest stand height, the forest stand accumulation can enter the angle gauge detection ruler module to be matched with an angle gauge sheet universal for forestry measurement to carry out angle gauge winding measurement, the module can count in the angle gauge winding measurement process, and after the winding measurement counting is finished, the forest stand accumulation is automatically calculated and displayed according to the set tree species shape number and the measured standard forest height; the invention realizes angle gauge sampling survey based on a Bittery rod type angle gauge sampling principle, namely a concentric circle principle, a trigonometric function principle and an enlarged circle principle, calculates the chest height and the cross section area of each hectare of the forest stand by combining angle gauge sampling counting with corresponding cross section area coefficients, and further combines the standard tree height obtained by a height measuring module to give the current forest stand accumulation.
Preferably, the JTAG interface further includes a serial port, and the serial port employs a MAX3232 chip; the serial port also comprises a level conversion circuit; the MAX3232 chip is selected, so that the power performance is high, the power consumption is low, the cost is saved, and the design positioning is met.
Preferably, the power module adopts lithium battery equipment, and the power module adopts a CN3052 chip for charge management.
In conjunction with the above description, the specific working logic of the present invention is as follows,
the invention adopts the MCU controller of the embedded STM, has no operating system, is more concise, and firstly initializes and detects the state of hardware such as an LCD screen, a USB interface, an SD card and the like after the system is started. Because the hardware has a plurality of corresponding transient processes after the equipment is powered on, the operation correctness can be influenced if the program is started immediately at the moment, and therefore, after the hardware is detected to be correct, information such as a startup interface display version and the like is provided and the hardware waits for 1 second for the transient process to pass. If the hardware state is abnormal, if the Micro-SD card is pulled out, the screen gives an error prompt, and the computer can be restarted after the error is corrected. After the hardware initialization is successful, the device then performs acquisition of system parameters and functional parameters of the software layer and corresponding initialization configuration. The functional parameters and system parameters related to work are stored in the SD card in the form of binary files, and before the system enters the main program module, the system needs to read the configuration files to obtain the related parameters and write the related parameters into the memory for initialization. After the initialization configuration is completed, the system enters a measurement mode, calls corresponding functional modules according to the key operation of a user to realize various operations, and meanwhile, refreshes corresponding operation interfaces. A timer is started while key interruption is monitored, and when the idle time exceeds the automatic shutdown time, the equipment is automatically shut down.
Referring to fig. 6, further, a portable measurement system for forestry, the MCU controller further includes a clock circuit in addition to the overall hardware structure; the clock circuit comprises four parts, namely a system clock SYSCLK, a real-time clock RTC, an independent watchdog clock IWDGCLK and a clock USBCLK for USB data transmission; usually, the clock source of the MCU controller has an internal clock and an external clock, and is divided into a high-speed clock and a low-speed clock according to the difference of clock frequencies, the invention adopts the high-speed internal clock HSE of 8MHz to be multiplied to 72MHz by a phase-locked loop PLL to be used as a system clock SYSCLK, adopts the low-speed external clock LSE to be used as an RTC clock, adopts a low-prevailing internal clock LSI to be used as a watchdog clock, and in case of USBCLK, the clock is provided by dividing the frequency of the output end of the phase-locked loop PLL to 48 MHz.
With reference to fig. 7, further, a portable measurement system for forestry is characterized in that, in addition to the whole hardware structure, it includes a reset circuit, and the reset circuit realizes hardware reset through a key; compared with the traditional reset circuit, the mode of using MAX811 EUS-T as the voltage monitor has the characteristics of strong anti-interference capability, accurate time delay and the like, and can realize a reliable reset function.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A portable measurement system for forestry is characterized by comprising a handheld machine body, an MCU (microprogrammed control unit) controller, a tilt angle sensor, an SD (secure digital) memory, an LCD (liquid crystal display) screen, a buzzer, a laser lamp, a key, a JTAG (joint test action group) interface, a USB (universal serial bus) interface and a power module; the device also comprises an LCD module, a storage module, a height measuring module and an angle gauge checking ruler module;
the LCD is embedded in the hand-held machine body, the keys are arranged on the side face of the LCD, and the laser lamp is arranged in a laser emitting hole in the hand-held machine body; the MCU controller, the inclination angle sensor, the SD memory, the buzzer, the JTAG interface, the USB interface and the power supply module are arranged in the handheld machine body; the inclination angle sensor, the SD memory, the LCD screen, the buzzer, the laser lamp, the keys, the JTAG interface and the USB interface are all connected with the MCU interface;
the height measuring module adopts a triangle principle, selects a height measuring method and functions according to a key of a user, uses a laser lamp to assist visual fixed points, is matched with an inclination angle value obtained by an inclination angle sensor, calculates through an MCU (microprogrammed control unit) controller to obtain a standing tree to be measured, records and stores the standing tree to be measured on an SD (secure digital) memory, and is matched with an LCD (liquid crystal display) module to display the standing tree by the LCD;
the angle gauge detection ruler module adopts a concentric circle principle, a trigonometric function principle and an enlarged circle principle, if the forest stand accumulation amount is required to be measured and calculated, after the height measurement module obtains the height of the standard forest stand, the forest stand accumulation amount can enter the angle gauge detection ruler module, and an external angle gauge piece is matched for angle gauge winding measurement.
2. The portable measurement system for forestry as claimed in claim 1, wherein the JTAG interface further includes a serial port, the serial port employs a MAX3232 chip; the serial port is also provided with a level conversion circuit.
3. The forestry portable measuring system of claim 1, wherein the power module adopts a lithium battery device, and the power module adopts a CN3052 chip for charge management.
4. A portable forestry measurement system according to claim 1, further comprising a clock circuit; the clock circuit comprises a system clock SYSCLK, a real-time clock RTC, an independent watchdog clock IWDGCLK and a clock USBCLK for USB data transmission.
5. A portable forestry measurement system according to claim 1, including a reset circuit, wherein the reset circuit implements hardware reset by means of a key.
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| CN201911229693.0A CN110887458A (en) | 2019-12-04 | 2019-12-04 | Forestry is with portable measurement system |
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