CN106358733A - Greenhouse crop rotation culture method for tomatoes and kidney beans - Google Patents
Greenhouse crop rotation culture method for tomatoes and kidney beans Download PDFInfo
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- CN106358733A CN106358733A CN201610813981.0A CN201610813981A CN106358733A CN 106358733 A CN106358733 A CN 106358733A CN 201610813981 A CN201610813981 A CN 201610813981A CN 106358733 A CN106358733 A CN 106358733A
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- fructus lycopersici
- lycopersici esculenti
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention provides a greenhouse crop rotation culture method for tomatoes and kidney beans. According to the greenhouse crop rotation culture method for tomatoes and kidney beans, the tomatoes are planted in the first turn; the seedling culture of the tomatoes is performed in early June; fixed planting is performed in early July; the harvesting is started from the middle September to the early December; after the harvesting of the tomatoes, the greenhouse and the land piece for planting the tomatoes are used, the kidney beans are directly planted for a second turn without base fertilizer application; the kidney beans are seeded in late December; the harvesting is started from late March to early June. The greenhouse crop rotation culture method for tomatoes and kidney beans has the advantages that the operation is simple and convenient; the potential productivity of different crops can be sufficiently achieved; the yield of the tomatoes and the kidney beans is favorably improved; the market requirements are met; the economic benefits are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to greenhouse vegetable growing pattern technology field, in particular to a kind of temperature of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti-Kidney bean crop rotation
Room cultural method.
Background technology
Crop rotation is on same field, has the different crop of shifting cultivation or multiple cropping group sequentially between the season or between year
A kind of planting patternss closed.Crop rotation is a kind of measure biology combined the use of land with the nurturing of land, and is a kind of Efficient Cultivation mould of vegetable
Formula.
This Efficient Cultivation pattern should turn to guiding with local market needs and market price change, according to the biology of vegetable
Characteristic, reasonable arrangement plants crops for rotation, gives full play to crop Productive Potential itself and a kind of cultivation side obtaining optimum economic benefit
Method.
Northern area realizes vegetable whole year production by heliogreenhouse, explores and creates polytype Efficient Cultivation mould
Formula.But rotation cropping mode of the prior art has number of drawbacks, such as taking plant Fructus Lycopersici esculenti as a example, stubble of surviving the winter is northern daylight
The typical crops for rotation of greenhouse vegetable plantation, this crops for rotation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti can list around the Spring Festival, obtained higher by higher unit price
Benefit.But this crops for rotation phase of yielding positive results is in the coldest period in 1 year, the factor such as low temperature, few photograph makes yield not high, sick
There is serious, management cost height in evil, Planting risk is big, low production efficiency.Additionally, for rotation cropping, in prior art
From cereal crop, the crop species range of choice is little, it is impossible to the production giving full play to crop is dived by the way of rotation cropping
Power.
In view of this, the special proposition present invention.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of greenhouse cultivation method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti-Kidney bean crop rotation, described Fructus Lycopersici esculenti-Kidney bean wheel
The greenhouse cultivation method made is easy and simple to handle, can give full play to the productive potentialities of different colzas, be favorably improved Fructus Lycopersici esculenti and Kidney bean
Yield, meet the market demand, increase economic efficiency.
In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy employs the following technical solutions:
A kind of greenhouse cultivation method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti-Kidney bean crop rotation, first batch of plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is in early June nursery, July
The first tenday period of a month are colonized, and start harvesting mid-September till early December；After Fructus Lycopersici esculenti harvesting, using greenhouse and the ground of plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti
Block, does not apply base manure, directly plants second batch of Kidney bean, and Kidney bean was sowed in late December, and next year late March starts harvesting to June
Till the first tenday period of a month.
The greenhouse cultivation method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti of the present invention-Kidney bean crop rotation selects Fructus Lycopersici esculenti and Kidney bean collocation crop rotation, is planted by adjusting
Time, give full play to the productive potentialities of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti and Kidney bean；Crops for rotation peace from the greenhouse cultivation method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti of the present invention-Kidney bean crop rotation
From the point of view of row's time, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti crops for rotation are relatively survived the winter 2 months morning of stubble, delay crops for rotation slow 1 month compared with the autumn, have so both avoided batch Fructus Lycopersici esculenti that survives the winter
The problem taking place frequently, yielding poorly because of the disease that low temperature, widow are shone and caused, have found the market neutral gear of Time To Market again, contributes to obtaining
Obtain considerable economic benefit.Kidney bean crops for rotation shift to an earlier date crops for rotation compared with the spring and early go public 1 month, and Time To Market is just that batch vegetable that survives the winter supplies substantially
Answer totally spring crops for rotation vegetable unlisted market neutral gear in advance, income is optimal.On the other hand, survive the winter in prior art a batch Fructus Lycopersici esculenti
The season of growth is long, second batch of vegetable is affected larger, the regrowth hair vegetable range of choice is little, can only select the shorter leaf vegetabless of period of duration
Deng.For Kidney bean, this crop is the warm heat resistant type vegetable of happiness, low production efficiency of surviving the winter, and cultivated area is minimum, Winter-Spring stubble upper
City's time is late March, and now temperature rises soon, is optimum planting season for greenhouse Kidney bean, yield is considerable.
Additionally, from the point of view of vegetable crop rotation angle, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, as solanaceous vegetables, is high rich water crop, precipitation amount is big,
Pedo relict nutrient is many, can provide good fertility basis for the Kidney bean of next crops for rotation.Therefore, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti of the present invention-Kidney bean crop rotation
Greenhouse cultivation method in Kidney bean directly can sow on the former ridge of plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in the case of not basal dressing.And Kidney bean conduct
Legume, its root stubble and cast are many, and the soil is porous, and soil nitrogenous amount is high, are the good front stubbles of solanaceous vegetables.Therefore, this
The mutual crop rotation of two kinds of crops can be all the excellent condition of creation of growth promoter each other.
Preferably, described Fructus Lycopersici esculenti growth selection gesture is strong, one dimensional infinite wall, ability of continuously bearing fruit are strong, the early middle fruit type of maturity
Kind, further preferred hundred profits, century magnitude kind.
Preferably, described tomato seedling adopts hole plate seedling growth, to hole tray and substrate disinfection before sowing；Seedling stage sprays
Spill sterilization and disinsection medicament, the temperature spraying sterilization and disinsection medicament is less than 30 DEG C；Carry out blade fertilising in conjunction with water spray.
It is further preferred that collect together carrying out nursery with 128 hole disks.
The greenhouse cultivation method tomato seedling phase temperature drift of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti of the present invention-Kidney bean crop rotation, available sunshade net sunshade.
It is further preferred that spray sterilization and disinsection medicament and combine to water carrying out, can be after each morning to have poured water, enter in the afternoon
Row sprays sterilization and disinsection medicament, multiple sprinkling sterilization and disinsection medicaments can be used in mixed way as needed, can carry out 2-3 time for one week.
It is further preferred that described combination water spray carries out blade fertilising adopts one of carbamide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate or two
Plant and sprayed, can carry out within one week 2-4 time, preferably carry out one week carrying out 3 times.
Preferably, carry out greenhouse disinfection, site preparation and fertilization, ridging successively before described Fructus Lycopersici esculenti field planting, then be colonized.
It is further preferred that the sterilization of described room temperature includes after preceding crop uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested, removing the debris such as residual branch, fallen leaves, administration
Farm manure, carries out the vexed canopy of high temperature；Before field planting, with Bravo and dichlorvos fumigation, after ventilation, carry out farming operation.
It is further preferred that described site preparation and fertilization can be selected for one or more of compound fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, phosphorus diammonium,
To promote tomato growth.
It is further preferred that described ridging adjustment ridge size, so as to meet Fructus Lycopersici esculenti and the plantation of follow-up Kidney bean, makes real afterwards
Overlay film.
It is further preferred that described field planting includes both sides duplicate rows triangle field planting on ridge, adjust spacing in the rows, after field planting in time
Pour field planting water.
Preferably, the field management after described Fructus Lycopersici esculenti field planting includes water and fertilizer management, temperature control, Plant adjustment, Bao Huabao
Really, fall climing.
It is further preferred that described water and fertilizer management pours a seedling recovering water for 4-5 days after including field planting, control water restraining the growth of seedlings before bearing fruit；
When first fringe fruit is expanded, pour the first water, topdressed in conjunction with watering；Apply one or more of phosphorus diammonium and compound fertilizer, with
Periodically topdressed afterwards, whole period of duration topdresses 3-4 time.
It is further preferred that described temperature control includes Fructus Lycopersici esculenti proper temperature on daytime in florescence is 25-28 DEG C；Fructus Lycopersici esculenti result
Daytime phase 25-28 DEG C of proper temperature, night temperatures are advisable with 14-17 DEG C.
It is further preferred that described Plant adjustment includes single stalk training, every plant is stayed 6 about, fruit ear, and every fringe stays fruit 4-6
(under stay many, above stay few).
It is further preferred that described flower and fruit protecting can carry out dipping in flower with auximone.
It is further preferred that described fall climing include, after vines climb shelfful, falling in time climing, fall climing before old leaf to be extractd, disease
Leaf.
This crops for rotation tomato disease is mainly based on early blight and late blight.
Preferably, one of metalaxyl-mn-zn and Du Pont gram dew or two kinds are sprayed after described tomato seedling and/or field planting
Carry out disease control.
Preferably, one of imidacloprid wettable powder and avilamycin ec are sprayed after described tomato seedling and/or field planting
Or two kinds carry out pest control.
Preferably, described Kidney bean select to overgrow, growth potential strong, precocious, high yield, the kind that ageing-resistant, quality is excellent.As green for a long time
No. 2, early no ledges bean etc..
Preferably, described Kidney bean sows bunch planting on the former ridge of first crop Fructus Lycopersici esculenti；Every cave 3-4 grain, spacing in the rows 30-35 centimetre.
Preferably, the field management after planting of described Kidney bean include looking into field fill the gaps with seedlings, water and fertilizer management, built.
It is further preferred that filling the gaps with seedlings including after first pair of basal leaf of Kidney bean occurs in described field of looking into, looking into field in time and filling the gaps with seedlings；
Seedling Stage thinning 1-2 time, final singling after trifoliolate leaves appearance.
It is further preferred that described water and fertilizer management includes, in vegetative growth phase, avoiding and watering too early；Before blooming and bearing pods,
Note intertillage, soil moisture conservation, control moisture, to restrain the growth of seedlings；In fruiting period, after restraining the growth of seedlings terminates, start water of gravying with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles；Chased after in conjunction with watering
Fertilizer, applies one or more of compound fertilizer and phosphorus diammonium；Periodically water later, periodically topdress, whole period of duration topdresses 4-5
Secondary.
It is further preferred that described built includes after Kidney bean grows into 4-6 piece compound leaf, internode elongation start to take out climing, must and
When built, support can adopt man-like shelf.
Preferably, the described general Post flowering of Kidney bean can harvest for 15 days about.Now green bean shapes, and seed just starts to give birth to
Long, fiber is few, good quality.
Preferably, described Kidney bean after planting sprays difenoconazole water dispersible granule, triazolone spraying, Sukeling wettability
One or more of powder, iprodione wettable powder and thiophanate methyl carry out disease control.
This incident disease of crops for rotation Kidney bean is rust and gray mold.Rust is mainly easy under conditions of the later stage is hot and humid
Occur, in addition to carrying out humiture control, in difenoconazole water dispersible granule and triazolone spraying can be used at the initial stage of a disease
Kind or two kinds prevented and treated.During the 3-4 month, easily there is gray mold.Their early stage can use Sukeling wettable powder, iprodione
One or more of wettable powder and thiophanate methyl are prevented and treated.
Preferably, sow chlopyrifos granule during described Kidney bean sowing simultaneously, or Kidney bean after planting sprays imidacloprid wettability
One of powder and Acetamiprid ec or two kinds carry out pest control.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
The greenhouse cultivation method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti of the present invention-Kidney bean crop rotation selects Fructus Lycopersici esculenti and Kidney bean collocation crop rotation, is planted by adjusting
Time, give full play to the productive potentialities of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti and Kidney bean；Crops for rotation peace from the greenhouse cultivation method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti of the present invention-Kidney bean crop rotation
From the point of view of row's time, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti crops for rotation are relatively survived the winter 2 months morning of stubble, delay crops for rotation slow 1 month compared with the autumn, have so both avoided batch Fructus Lycopersici esculenti that survives the winter
The problem taking place frequently, yielding poorly because of the disease that low temperature, widow are shone and caused, have found the market neutral gear of Time To Market again, contributes to obtaining
Obtain considerable economic benefit.Kidney bean crops for rotation shift to an earlier date crops for rotation compared with the spring and early go public 1 month, and Time To Market is just that batch vegetable that survives the winter supplies substantially
Answer totally spring crops for rotation vegetable unlisted market neutral gear in advance, income is optimal.On the other hand, survive the winter in prior art a batch Fructus Lycopersici esculenti
The season of growth is long, second batch of vegetable is affected larger, the regrowth hair vegetable range of choice is little, can only select the shorter leaf vegetabless of period of duration
Deng.For Kidney bean, this crop is the warm heat resistant type vegetable of happiness, low production efficiency of surviving the winter, and cultivated area is minimum, Winter-Spring stubble upper
City's time is late March, and now temperature rises soon, is optimum planting season for greenhouse Kidney bean, yield is considerable.
Additionally, from the point of view of vegetable crop rotation angle, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, as solanaceous vegetables, is high rich water crop, precipitation amount is big,
Pedo relict nutrient is many, can provide good fertility basis for the Kidney bean of next crops for rotation.Therefore, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti of the present invention-Kidney bean crop rotation
Greenhouse cultivation method in Kidney bean directly can sow on the former ridge of plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in the case of not basal dressing.And Kidney bean conduct
Legume, its root stubble and cast are many, and the soil is porous, and soil nitrogenous amount is high, are the good front stubbles of solanaceous vegetables.Therefore, this
The mutual crop rotation of two kinds of crops can be all the excellent condition of creation of growth promoter each other.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme is clearly and completely described, but ability
Field technique personnel will be understood that, following described embodiment is a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments,
It is merely to illustrate the present invention, and be not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the common skill in this area
The every other embodiment that art personnel are obtained under the premise of not making creative work, broadly falls into the model of present invention protection
Enclose.Unreceipted actual conditions person in embodiment, the condition according to normal condition or manufacturer's suggestion is carried out.Agents useful for same or instrument
Unreceipted production firm person, being can be by the commercially available conventional products bought and obtain.
Embodiment 1
A kind of greenhouse cultivation method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti-Kidney bean crop rotation, first batch of plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is in early June nursery, July
The first tenday period of a month are colonized, and start harvesting mid-September till early December；After Fructus Lycopersici esculenti harvesting, using greenhouse and the ground of plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti
Block, does not apply base manure, directly plants second batch of Kidney bean, and Kidney bean was sowed in late December, and next year late March starts harvesting to June
Till the first tenday period of a month；
The specific scheme is that
(1) first batch of plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti:
1. Fruit variety: growth selection gesture is strong, one dimensional infinite wall, ability of continuously bearing fruit are strong, the early middle fruit type kind of maturity；
The present embodiment tomato variety selects hundred profits；
2. nursery: nursery adopts hole plate seedling growth, typically selects 128 hole disks.Before sowing, hole tray and substrate are carried out disinfection
Process；This crops for rotation seedling stage temperature drift, available sunshade net sunshade；Seedling stage carries out pest and disease damage prevention work, and each morning has poured water
Afterwards, will go and buy Chinese medicine in the afternoon, and during laxative, temperature will be gone and buy Chinese medicine to put prevention first below 30 DEG C, general two, three kind of antibacterial and one kind
Insecticide is same to be used, one week 2 times；In conjunction with water spray, carry out weekly the blade fertilising of 2 times about, with carbamide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixing
Medicinal liquid sprays (mass fraction of wherein carbamide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.1%)；
3. prepare before being colonized: one is greenhouse disinfection, after preceding crop is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, remove the debris such as residual branch, fallen leaves, Mu Shi farmers'
Fertile 10 cubic metres, carry out the vexed canopy of high temperature；Before field planting, fumigate sterilization in 1 day with Bravo and dichlorvos, after ventilation, carry out farming work
Industry；Two is site preparation and fertilization, 40 kilograms of Mu Shi compound fertilizer, 40 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 40 kilograms of phosphorus diammonium；Three is ridging, arranges ridge
Wide 70 centimetres, 50 centimetres of furrow width, ridge is high 20 centimetres, makes real overlay film；Four is field planting, the field planting of both sides duplicate rows triangle, strain on ridge
Away from 40 centimetres, after field planting, pour field planting water in time；
4. manage after being colonized: one is water and fertilizer management, pours a seedling recovering water within every 4 days after field planting, control water restraining the growth of seedlings before bearing fruit；First
When fringe fruit is expanded, pour the first water, topdressed in conjunction with watering；Mu applies phosphorus diammonium or 15 kilograms of compound fertilizer；Entered every 15 days later
Row topdresses, and whole period of duration topdresses 3 times；Two is temperature treatment, and Fructus Lycopersici esculenti florescence is temperature sensitive, and daytime, proper temperature was 25-
28℃；Fruiting period proper temperature on daytime is 25-28 DEG C, and night is advisable with 14-17 DEG C；Three is Plant adjustment, single stalk training, every plant
Stay 6 about, fruit ear, every fringe stay fruit 4 (under stay many, above stay lack)；Four is flower and fruit protecting, and usable concentration is the 2 of 10 mg/litre,
4-d carries out dipping in flower；Five is to fall climing, after vines climb shelfful, fall in time climing, fall climing before old leaf to be extractd, sick leaf；
5. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: mainly based on early blight and late blight, available quality fraction is this crops for rotation tomato disease
58% metalaxyl-mn-zn dilutes 500 times of liquid preventing and treatings；Insect pest available quality fraction is 10% imidacloprid wettable powder dilution
3000 times of liquid are prevented and treated；
(2) second batches of plantation Kidney beans:
1. Fruit variety: select to overgrow, growth potential strong, precocious, high yield, the kind that ageing-resistant, quality is excellent, the present embodiment selects
Select No. 2 green for a long time；
2. sow: bunch planting on the former ridge of first crop Fructus Lycopersici esculenti；Every 3, cave, 30 centimetres of spacing in the rows；
3. field management: is to look into field to fill the gaps with seedlings, after first pair of basal leaf of Kidney bean occurs, looks into field in time and fills the gaps with seedlings；Seedling
Period Seedling 1 time, final singling after trifoliolate leaves appearance；Two is water and fertilizer management, in vegetative growth phase, avoids and waters too early；Before blooming and bearing pods,
It is noted that intertillage, soil moisture conservation, control moisture, to restrain the growth of seedlings；In fruiting period, after restraining the growth of seedlings terminates, start water of gravying with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles；Chased after in conjunction with watering
Fertilizer, 15 kilograms of Mu Shi compound fertilizer, 20 kilograms of phosphorus diammonium；Watered 1 time every 7 days later, topdressed once every 15 days, every mu every time
Impose 20 kilograms of compound fertilizer, whole period of duration topdresses 4 times；Three is built, and after Kidney bean grows into 4-6 piece compound leaf, internode elongation is opened
Beginning, it is climing to take out, must timely built；Support can adopt man-like shelf；Four is harvesting, typically spends and can harvest for latter 15 days about；Now green bean
Shape, seed just starts to grow, and fiber is few, good quality；
4. pest and disease damage prevention and control: this incident disease of crops for rotation Kidney bean is rust and gray mold；Rust is mainly in later stage high temperature
Easily occur under conditions of high humidity, in addition to carrying out humiture control, the phenyl ether methyl cyclic that can be 10% with mass fraction at the initial stage of a disease
Azoles water-dispersible grain agent solution is prevented and treated；During the 3-4 month, easily there is gray mold；Their early stage available quality fraction is 50%
1500～2000 times of liquid of Sukeling wettable powder dilution agent prevented and treated；Every spray in 7 days once, continuously spray 3 times；Kidney bean underground
Pest control can apply preventing and treating in soil at seeding time with chlopyrifos granule；Other insect pest available quality fractions are 10% imidacloprid
3000 times of liquid of wettable powder dilution agent are prevented and treated.
Embodiment 2
A kind of greenhouse cultivation method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti-Kidney bean crop rotation, first batch of plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is in early June nursery, July
The first tenday period of a month are colonized, and start harvesting mid-September till early December；After Fructus Lycopersici esculenti harvesting, using greenhouse and the ground of plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti
Block, does not apply base manure, directly plants second batch of Kidney bean, and Kidney bean was sowed in late December, and next year late March starts harvesting to June
Till the first tenday period of a month；
The specific scheme is that
(1) first batch of plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti:
1. Fruit variety: growth selection gesture is strong, one dimensional infinite wall, ability of continuously bearing fruit are strong, the early middle fruit type kind of maturity；
The present embodiment tomato variety selects century star；
2. nursery: nursery adopts hole plate seedling growth, typically selects 128 hole disks.Before sowing, hole tray and substrate are carried out disinfection
Process；This crops for rotation seedling stage temperature drift, available sunshade net sunshade；Seedling stage carries out pest and disease damage prevention work, and each morning has poured water
Afterwards, will go and buy Chinese medicine in the afternoon, and during laxative, temperature will be gone and buy Chinese medicine to put prevention first below 30 DEG C, general two, three kind of antibacterial and one kind
Insecticide is same to be used, one week 3 times；In conjunction with water spray, carry out weekly the blade fertilising of 4 times about, with carbamide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixing
Medicinal liquid sprays (mass fraction of wherein carbamide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.1%)；
3. prepare before being colonized: one is greenhouse disinfection, after preceding crop is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, remove the debris such as residual branch, fallen leaves, Mu Shi farmers'
Fertile 20 cubic metres, carry out the vexed canopy of high temperature；Before field planting, fumigate sterilization in 2 days with Bravo and dichlorvos, after ventilation, carry out farming work
Industry；Two is site preparation and fertilization, 60 kilograms of Mu Shi compound fertilizer, 60 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 60 kilograms of phosphorus diammonium；Three is ridging, arranges ridge
Wide 90 centimetres, 70 centimetres of furrow width, ridge is high 30 centimetres, makes real overlay film；Four is field planting, the field planting of both sides duplicate rows triangle, strain on ridge
Away from 60 centimetres, after field planting, pour field planting water in time；
4. manage after being colonized: one is water and fertilizer management, often pours within 4-5 days a seedling recovering water after field planting, control water restraining the growth of seedlings before bearing fruit；The
When one fringe fruit is expanded, pour the first water, topdressed in conjunction with watering；Mu applies phosphorus diammonium or 25 kilograms of compound fertilizer；Later every 25 days
Topdressed in left and right, whole period of duration topdresses 4 times；Two is temperature treatment, and Fructus Lycopersici esculenti florescence is temperature sensitive, daytime proper temperature
For 25-28 DEG C；Fruiting period proper temperature on daytime is 25-28 DEG C, and night is advisable with 14-17 DEG C；Three is Plant adjustment, and single stalk is whole
Branch, every plant is stayed 6 about, fruit ear, every fringe stay fruit 6 (under stay many, above stay lack)；Four is flower and fruit protecting, and usable concentration is 10 millis
G/l 2,4-d carry out dipping in flower；Five is to fall climing, after vines climb shelfful, fall in time climing, fall climing before old leaf to be extractd, disease
Leaf；
5. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: mainly based on early blight and late blight, available quality fraction is this crops for rotation tomato disease
600 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings of 72% Du Pont gram dew dilution；Insect pest available quality fraction is that 1.8% avilamycin ec dilutes 3000 times of liquid
Prevented and treated；
(2) second batches of plantation Kidney beans:
1. Fruit variety: select to overgrow, growth potential strong, precocious, high yield, the kind that ageing-resistant, quality is excellent, the present embodiment selects
Select early no ledges bean；
2. sow: bunch planting on the former ridge of first crop Fructus Lycopersici esculenti；Every 4, cave, 35 centimetres of spacing in the rows；
3. field management: is to look into field to fill the gaps with seedlings, after first pair of basal leaf of Kidney bean occurs, looks into field in time and fills the gaps with seedlings；Seedling
Period Seedling 2 times, final singling after trifoliolate leaves appearance；Two is water and fertilizer management, in vegetative growth phase, avoids and waters too early；Before blooming and bearing pods,
It is noted that intertillage, soil moisture conservation, control moisture, to restrain the growth of seedlings；In fruiting period, after restraining the growth of seedlings terminates, start water of gravying with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles；Chased after in conjunction with watering
Fertilizer, 25 kilograms of Mu Shi compound fertilizer, 30 kilograms of phosphorus diammonium；Watered 1 time every 10 days later, topdressed once every 20 days, every time often
Mu imposes 30 kilograms of compound fertilizer, and whole period of duration topdresses 5 times；Three is built, after Kidney bean grows into 4-6 piece compound leaf, internode elongation
Start to take out climing, palpus built in time；Support can adopt man-like shelf；Four is harvesting, typically spends and can harvest for latter 15 days about；Now tender
Pod shapes, and seed just starts to grow, and fiber is few, good quality；
4. pest and disease damage prevention and control: this incident disease of crops for rotation Kidney bean is rust and gray mold；Rust is mainly in later stage high temperature
Easily occur under conditions of high humidity, in addition to carrying out humiture control, the triazolone spray that can be 10% with mass fraction at the initial stage of a disease
Mist is prevented and treated；During the 3-4 month, easily there is gray mold；Their early stage available quality fraction is 50% iprodione wettability
1000～1500 times of liquid of Dilution for powder are prevented and treated；Every spray in 10 days once, continuously spray 4 times；Kidney bean controlling underground pest can use
Chlopyrifos granule applies preventing and treating in soil at seeding time；Other insect pest available quality fractions are 3% 3000 times of Acetamiprid ec dilution
Liquid is prevented and treated.
Embodiment 3
A kind of greenhouse cultivation method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti-Kidney bean crop rotation, first batch of plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is in early June nursery, July
The first tenday period of a month are colonized, and start harvesting mid-September till early December；After Fructus Lycopersici esculenti harvesting, using greenhouse and the ground of plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti
Block, does not apply base manure, directly plants second batch of Kidney bean, and Kidney bean was sowed in late December, and next year late March starts harvesting to June
Till the first tenday period of a month；
The specific scheme is that
(1) first batch of plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti:
1. Fruit variety: growth selection gesture is strong, one dimensional infinite wall, ability of continuously bearing fruit are strong, the early middle fruit type kind of maturity；
The present embodiment tomato variety selects hundred profits；
2. nursery: nursery adopts hole plate seedling growth, typically selects 128 hole disks.Before sowing, hole tray and substrate are carried out disinfection
Process；This crops for rotation seedling stage temperature drift, available sunshade net sunshade；Seedling stage carries out pest and disease damage prevention work, and each morning has poured water
Afterwards, will go and buy Chinese medicine in the afternoon, and during laxative, temperature will be gone and buy Chinese medicine to put prevention first below 30 DEG C, general two, three kind of antibacterial and one kind
Insecticide is same to be used, one week 2 times；In conjunction with water spray, carry out weekly the blade fertilising of 3 times about, with carbamide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixing
Medicinal liquid sprays (mass fraction of wherein carbamide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.1%)；
3. prepare before being colonized: one is greenhouse disinfection, after preceding crop is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, remove the debris such as residual branch, fallen leaves, Mu Shi farmers'
Fertile 30 cubic metres, carry out the vexed canopy of high temperature；Before field planting, fumigate sterilization in 2 days with Bravo and dichlorvos, after ventilation, carry out farming work
Industry；Two is site preparation and fertilization, 50 kilograms of Mu Shi compound fertilizer, 50 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 50 kilograms of phosphorus diammonium；Three is ridging, arranges ridge
Wide 80 centimetres, 60 centimetres of furrow width, ridge is high 25 centimetres, makes real overlay film；Four is field planting, the field planting of both sides duplicate rows triangle, strain on ridge
Away from 50 centimetres, after field planting, pour field planting water in time；
4. manage after being colonized: one is water and fertilizer management, pours a seedling recovering water within every 4 days after field planting, control water restraining the growth of seedlings before bearing fruit；First
When fringe fruit is expanded, pour the first water, topdressed in conjunction with watering；Mu applies phosphorus diammonium or 20 kilograms of compound fertilizer；Later left every 20 days
Topdressed in the right side, whole period of duration topdresses 4 times；Two is temperature treatment, and Fructus Lycopersici esculenti florescence is temperature sensitive, and daytime, proper temperature was
25-28℃；Fruiting period proper temperature on daytime is 25-28 DEG C, and night is advisable with 14-17 DEG C；Three is Plant adjustment, single stalk training,
Every plant is stayed 6 about, fruit ear, and every fringe stays fruit 4-6 (under stay many, above stay and lack)；Four is flower and fruit protecting, usable concentration be 10 milligrams/
2, the 4-d rising carries out dipping in flower；Five is to fall climing, after vines climb shelfful, fall in time climing, fall climing before old leaf to be extractd, sick leaf；
5. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: mainly based on early blight and late blight, available quality fraction is this crops for rotation tomato disease
58% metalaxyl-mn-zn dilutes 500 times of liquid preventing and treatings；Insect pest available quality fraction is 10% imidacloprid wettable powder dilution
3000 times of liquid are prevented and treated；
(2) second batches of plantation Kidney beans:
1. Fruit variety: select to overgrow, growth potential strong, precocious, high yield, the kind that ageing-resistant, quality is excellent, the present embodiment selects
Select early no ledges bean；
2. sow: bunch planting on the former ridge of first crop Fructus Lycopersici esculenti；Every 4, cave, 33 centimetres of spacing in the rows；
3. field management: is to look into field to fill the gaps with seedlings, after first pair of basal leaf of Kidney bean occurs, looks into field in time and fills the gaps with seedlings；Seedling
Period Seedling 2 times, final singling after trifoliolate leaves appearance；Two is water and fertilizer management, in vegetative growth phase, avoids and waters too early；Before blooming and bearing pods,
It is noted that intertillage, soil moisture conservation, control moisture, to restrain the growth of seedlings；In fruiting period, after restraining the growth of seedlings terminates, start water of gravying with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles；Chased after in conjunction with watering
Fertilizer, 20 kilograms of Mu Shi compound fertilizer, 25 kilograms of phosphorus diammonium；Watered 1 time every 7 days later, topdressed once every 15 days, every mu every time
Impose 25 kilograms of compound fertilizer, whole period of duration topdresses 5 times；Three is built, and after Kidney bean grows into 4-6 piece compound leaf, internode elongation is opened
Beginning, it is climing to take out, must timely built；Support can adopt man-like shelf；Four is harvesting, typically spends and can harvest for latter 15 days about；Now green bean
Shape, seed just starts to grow, and fiber is few, good quality；
4. pest and disease damage prevention and control: this incident disease of crops for rotation Kidney bean is rust and gray mold；Rust is mainly in later stage high temperature
Easily occur under conditions of high humidity, in addition to carrying out humiture control, the phenyl ether methyl cyclic that can be 10% with mass fraction at the initial stage of a disease
Azoles water-dispersible grain agent solution is prevented and treated；During the 3-4 month, easily there is gray mold；Their early stage available quality fraction is 70%
Thiophanate methyl dilute 800～1000 times of liquid prevented and treated；Every spray in 7 days once, continuously spray 4 times；Kidney bean subterranean pest-insect prevents
Control available chlopyrifos granule and apply preventing and treating in soil at seeding time；Other insect pest available quality fractions are 3% Acetamiprid ec dilution
3000 times of liquid are prevented and treated.
The greenhouse cultivation method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti of the present invention-Kidney bean crop rotation selects Fructus Lycopersici esculenti and Kidney bean collocation crop rotation, is planted by adjusting
Time, give full play to the productive potentialities of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti and Kidney bean；Crops for rotation peace from the greenhouse cultivation method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti of the present invention-Kidney bean crop rotation
From the point of view of row's time, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti crops for rotation are relatively survived the winter 2 months morning of stubble, delay crops for rotation slow 1 month compared with the autumn, have so both avoided batch Fructus Lycopersici esculenti that survives the winter
The problem taking place frequently, yielding poorly because of the disease that low temperature, widow are shone and caused, have found the market neutral gear of Time To Market again, contributes to obtaining
Obtain considerable economic benefit.Kidney bean crops for rotation shift to an earlier date crops for rotation compared with the spring and early go public 1 month, and Time To Market is just that batch vegetable that survives the winter supplies substantially
Answer totally spring crops for rotation vegetable unlisted market neutral gear in advance, income is optimal.On the other hand, survive the winter in prior art a batch Fructus Lycopersici esculenti
The season of growth is long, second batch of vegetable is affected larger, the regrowth hair vegetable range of choice is little, can only select the shorter leaf vegetabless of period of duration
Deng.For Kidney bean, this crop is the warm heat resistant type vegetable of happiness, low production efficiency of surviving the winter, and cultivated area is minimum, Winter-Spring stubble upper
City's time is late March, and now temperature rises soon, is optimum planting season for greenhouse Kidney bean, yield is considerable.
Additionally, from the point of view of vegetable crop rotation angle, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, as solanaceous vegetables, is high rich water crop, precipitation amount is big,
Pedo relict nutrient is many, can provide good fertility basis for the Kidney bean of next crops for rotation.Therefore, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti of the present invention-Kidney bean crop rotation
Greenhouse cultivation method in Kidney bean directly can sow on the former ridge of plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in the case of not basal dressing.And Kidney bean conduct
Legume, its root stubble and cast are many, and the soil is porous, and soil nitrogenous amount is high, are the good front stubbles of solanaceous vegetables.Therefore, this
The mutual crop rotation of two kinds of crops can be all the excellent condition of creation of growth promoter each other.
Although illustrate and describing the present invention with specific embodiment, but it will be appreciated that various embodiments above is only used
So that technical scheme to be described, it is not intended to limit；It will be understood by those within the art that: without departing substantially from this
In the case of bright spirit and scope, the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can be modified, or to wherein
Some or all of technical characteristic carries out equivalent；And these modifications or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution
Depart from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme；It is, therefore, intended that including in the following claims belonging to the present invention
In the range of all these substitutions and modifications.
Claims (10)
1., it is characterised in that first batch of plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is in early June for a kind of greenhouse cultivation method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti-Kidney bean crop rotation
Nursery, early July is colonized, and starts harvesting mid-September till early December；After Fructus Lycopersici esculenti harvesting, using plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti
Greenhouse and plot, do not apply base manure, directly plant second batch of Kidney bean, and Kidney bean was sowed in late December, and next year late March starts to adopt
Receive to early June.
2. a kind of greenhouse cultivation method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti-Kidney bean crop rotation according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described Fructus Lycopersici esculenti
Nursery adopts hole plate seedling growth, to hole tray and substrate disinfection before sowing；Seedling stage sprays sterilization and disinsection medicament, sprays sterilization
The temperature of insecticide is less than 30 DEG C；Carry out blade fertilising in conjunction with water spray.
3. a kind of greenhouse cultivation method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti-Kidney bean crop rotation according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described Fructus Lycopersici esculenti
Carry out greenhouse disinfection, site preparation and fertilization, ridging successively before field planting, then be colonized.
4. a kind of greenhouse cultivation method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti-Kidney bean crop rotation according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described Fructus Lycopersici esculenti
Field management after field planting include water and fertilizer management, temperature control, Plant adjustment, flower and fruit protecting, fall climing.
5. a kind of greenhouse cultivation method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti-Kidney bean crop rotation according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described Fructus Lycopersici esculenti
Nursery and/or field planting after spray metalaxyl-mn-zn and Du Pont gram dew one of or two kinds carry out disease control.
6. a kind of greenhouse cultivation method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti-Kidney bean crop rotation according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described Fructus Lycopersici esculenti
Spray one of imidacloprid wettable powder and avilamycin ec or two kinds after nursery and/or field planting and carry out pest control.
7. a kind of greenhouse cultivation method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti-Kidney bean crop rotation according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described Kidney bean
Sowing bunch planting on the former ridge of first crop Fructus Lycopersici esculenti；Every cave 3-4 grain, spacing in the rows 30-35 centimetre.
8. a kind of greenhouse cultivation method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti-Kidney bean crop rotation according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described Kidney bean
Field management after planting include looking into field fill the gaps with seedlings, water and fertilizer management, built.
9. a kind of greenhouse cultivation method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti-Kidney bean crop rotation according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described Kidney bean
After planting spray difenoconazole water dispersible granule, triazolone spraying, Sukeling wettable powder, iprodione wettable powder and
One or more of thiophanate methyl carries out disease control.
10. a kind of greenhouse cultivation method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti-Kidney bean crop rotation according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described Kidney bean
Sow chlopyrifos granule during sowing simultaneously, or Kidney bean after planting spray one of imidacloprid wettable powder and Acetamiprid ec or
Two kinds carry out pest control.
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| CN114391411A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-04-26 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | Rotation cultivation method for interplanting tomatoes and tomatoes with soft beans in young orchard |
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