CN106278280B - 一种抵抗pest的复合陶瓷的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抵抗pest的复合陶瓷的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106278280B
CN106278280B CN201610646140.5A CN201610646140A CN106278280B CN 106278280 B CN106278280 B CN 106278280B CN 201610646140 A CN201610646140 A CN 201610646140A CN 106278280 B CN106278280 B CN 106278280B
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张小立
孙斌
李佳科
沈松钦
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抵抗PEST的复合陶瓷的制备方法,其步骤如下:(1)将C、Si、B、B4C、MoSi2混合均匀后加入粘结剂,球磨混料并模压成型,烘干,得到坯料;(2)将坯料移入铺有Si粉的真空烧结炉中,保持真空度在10‑2‑10‑3Pa,升温速率为1‑10℃/min,然后在1400‑1430℃保温5‑60min,然后充入氮气或氩气,升温至1450‑1500℃保温5‑60min;抽真空,并升温至1500‑1550℃保温5‑40min,最后冷却,得到复合陶瓷。该方法所得抵抗PEST的复合陶瓷制备成本低、适合工业规模。

Description

一种抵抗PEST的复合陶瓷的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种抵抗‘PEST’的复合陶瓷的制备技术,属于新型高温强度陶瓷的低成本制备技术领域。
背景技术
选择航空用高温结构材料的三个最主要的参数是物质的熔点、比重以及高温抗氧化性能。高温陶瓷广泛应用于航空、航天、冶金及交通领域。从高温材料来看,金属基复合材料虽有较好的综合性能,由于其成本高,也只限于宇航,只有颗粒或短纤维增强的金属材料有大量推广于民用的可能。由于金属间化合物MoSi2,具有高熔点(2030°C)、适中的密度(6.24×103kg/m3)、良好的导热性和导电性以及在所有金属硅化物中具有优良的高温抗氧化能力而成为最有希望满足这种要求的材料。在高温的恶劣环境当中,可以抵抗其连续氧化的能力。
但是,值得提出的是,二硅化钼(MoSi2)在低温的条件下,氧化的趋势更大。尤其是在400-600℃之间时,二硅化钼(MoSi2)材料常常会由于剧烈的氧化而变成粉末,造成材料的完全失效,这就是二硅化钼(MoSi2)在低温所发生的“PESTING”现象。如何改善这一低温抗氧化性能,也是二硅化钼(MoSi2)材料性能提高的一个难题。我们知道二硅化钼(MoSi2)通常使用在高温的环境条件下,每次升温都会经过这一低温区间,经常这样反复,二硅化钼(MoSi2)使用寿命会大大降低。为此提高二硅化钼(MoSi2)的低温氧化性也势在必行,一种抵抗‘PEST’的复合陶瓷的制备技术提供了一个改善其低温氧化性的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于利用保护气氛下的熔渗技术来制备具有抵抗PEST现象的复合陶瓷。
本发明的技术方案是:一种抵抗PEST的复合陶瓷的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)按以下质量分数配制复合陶瓷的原料:C 1-5%、Si 0.1-0.5% 、B 0.1-0.5%及B4C 1-5%,余量为MoSi2,将C、Si、B、B4C、MoSi2混合均匀后加入粘结剂,球磨混料并模压成型,烘干,得到坯料;
(2)将坯料移入铺有Si粉的真空烧结炉中,保持真空度在10-2-10-3Pa,升温速率为1-10℃/min,然后在1400-1430℃保温5-60min,然后充入氮气或氩气,升温至1450-1500℃保温5-60min;抽真空,并升温至1500-1550℃保温5-40min,最后冷却,得到复合陶瓷。
所述步骤(1)中的粘结剂为水、酒精或酚醛树脂,所述水、酒精或酚醛树脂的质量为C、Si、B、B4C、MoSi2 总质量的10-30%。
所述步骤(1)中的粘结剂为酒精和酚醛树脂的混合物,所述酒精的质量为C、Si、B、B4C、MoSi2 总质量的10-20%,所述酚醛树脂的质量为C、Si、B、B4C、MoSi2 总质量的10-20%。
所述步骤(2)中Si粉的质量为C、Si、B、B4C、MoSi2 总质量的10-20%。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明利用MoSi2、C、Si、B及B4C元素粉、加入酒精或者水介、粘结剂球磨混料,模压成型,在保护气氛下熔渗Si进行烧结,所得材料能抵抗PEST现象,并且低温氧化后剩余强度高达70%,该方法所得抵抗PEST的复合陶瓷制备成本低、适合工业规模。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种抵抗PEST的复合陶瓷的制备方法,其步骤如下:
分别按比例称量MoSi2 91.8g、C 3g、B4C 5g、Si 0.1g、B0.1g,均匀混合后球磨48hr。将以上粉料加入20g的酚醛树脂和酒精的混合物后,混合并模压成型。空气中晾干后在110度烘箱中烘干。移至铺有12g金属硅粉的真空烧结炉中进行烧结。升温速度为3℃/min,真空度为10-3Pa左右。升温至1400-1430℃保温30min;充入氩气后,升温至1500℃,保温30min。升温至1550℃,保温10min,真空度为10-3Pa,然后随炉冷却,降温取料,然后在500℃空气炉中加热3hr,测得复合陶瓷剩余强度为130MPa,没有‘PEST’现象发生。
实施例2
一种抵抗PEST的复合陶瓷的制备方法,其步骤如下:
分别按比例称量MoSi2 90.5g、C3.75g、B 0.25g、B4C 5g、Si 0.5g,均匀混合后球磨48hr。将以上粉料加入25g的酚醛树脂和酒精的混合物后,混合并模压成型。空气中晾干后在110度烘箱中烘干。移至铺有15g金属硅粉的真空烧结炉中进行烧结。升温速度为5℃/min,真空度为10-3Pa左右。升温至1400-1430℃保温20min;充入氩气后,升温至1500℃,保温20min。升温至1550℃,保温10min,真空度为10-3Pa。然后随炉冷却,降温取料。然后在500℃空气炉中加热3hr,测得复合陶瓷剩余强度为127 MPa。没有‘PEST’现象发生。
实施例3
一种抵抗PEST的复合陶瓷的制备方法,其步骤如下:
分别按比例称量MoSi2 95g、C 1.25g、B4C 5g、B 0.5g、Si 0.25g ,均匀混合后球磨48hr。将以上粉料加入30g的酚醛树脂和酒精的混合物后,混合并模压成型。空气中晾干后在110度烘箱中烘干。移至铺有18g金属硅粉的真空烧结炉中进行烧结。升温速度为5℃/min,真空度为10-3Pa左右。升温至1400-1430℃保温20min;充入氮气后,升温至1500℃,保温25min。升温至1550℃,保温15min,真空度为10-3Pa。然后随炉冷却,降温取料。然后在500℃空气炉中加热3hr,测得复合陶瓷剩余强度为119 MPa。没有‘PEST’现象发生。。
实施例4
一种抵抗PEST的复合陶瓷的制备方法,其步骤如下:
一种抵抗PEST的复合陶瓷的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)按以下质量分数配制复合陶瓷的原料:C 1%、Si 0.1% 、B 0.1%及B4C 1%,余量为MoSi2,将C、Si、B、B4C、MoSi2混合均匀后加入酚醛树脂,酚醛树脂的质量为C、Si、B、B4C、MoSi2 总质量的10%,球磨混料并模压成型,烘干,得到坯料;
(2)将坯料移入铺有Si粉的真空烧结炉中,保持真空度在10-2 Pa,升温速率为1℃/min,然后在1400℃保温5min,然后充入氮气或氩气,升温至1450℃保温5min;抽真空,并升温至1500℃保温5min,最后冷却,得到复合陶瓷。
实施例5
一种抵抗PEST的复合陶瓷的制备方法,其步骤如下:
一种抵抗PEST的复合陶瓷的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)按以下质量分数配制复合陶瓷的原料:C 5%、Si 0.5% 、B 0.5%及B4C 5%,余量为MoSi2,将C、Si、B、B4C、MoSi2混合均匀后加入酒精和酚醛树脂的混合物,所述酒精的质量为C、Si、B、B4C、MoSi2 总质量的10%,所述酚醛树脂的质量为C、Si、B、B4C、MoSi2 总质量的20%,球磨混料并模压成型,烘干,得到坯料;
(2)将坯料移入铺有Si粉的真空烧结炉中,保持真空度在10-3Pa,升温速率为10℃/min,然后在1430℃保温60min,然后充入氮气或氩气,升温至1500℃保温60min;抽真空,并升温至1550℃保温40min,最后冷却,得到复合陶瓷。
所述步骤(1)中的粘结剂为水、酒精或酚醛树脂,所述水、酒精或酚醛树脂的质量为C、Si、B、B4C、MoSi2 总质量的10-30%。
实施例6
一种抵抗PEST的复合陶瓷的制备方法,其步骤如下:
一种抵抗PEST的复合陶瓷的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)按以下质量分数配制复合陶瓷的原料:C 2%、Si 0.2% 、B 0.2%及B4C 3%,余量为MoSi2,将C、Si、B、B4C、MoSi2混合均匀后加入酒精和酚醛树脂的混合物,所述酒精的质量为C、Si、B、B4C、MoSi2 总质量的15%,所述酚醛树脂的质量为C、Si、B、B4C、MoSi2 总质量的20%,球磨混料并模压成型,烘干,得到坯料;
(2)将坯料移入铺有Si粉的真空烧结炉中,保持真空度在10-3Pa,升温速率为5℃/min,然后在1430℃保温20min,然后充入氮气或氩气,升温至1480℃保温40min;抽真空,并升温至1520℃保温30min,最后冷却,得到复合陶瓷。
所述步骤(1)中的粘结剂为水、酒精或酚醛树脂,所述水、酒精或酚醛树脂的质量为C、Si、B、B4C、MoSi2 总质量的10-30%。

Claims (4)

1.一种抵抗PEST的复合陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于其步骤如下:
(1)按以下质量分数配制复合陶瓷的原料:C 1-5%、Si 0.1-0.5% 、B 0.1-0.5%及B4C 1-5%,余量为MoSi2,将C、Si、B、B4C、MoSi2混合均匀后加入粘结剂,球磨混料并模压成型,烘干,得到坯料;
(2)将坯料移入铺有Si粉的真空烧结炉中,保持真空度在10-2-10-3Pa,升温速率为1-10℃/min,然后在1400-1430℃保温5-60min,然后充入氮气或氩气,升温至1450-1500℃保温5-60min;抽真空,并升温至1500-1550℃保温5-40min,最后冷却,得到复合陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抵抗PEST的复合陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的粘结剂为酚醛树脂,所述酚醛树脂的质量为C、Si、B、B4C、MoSi2 总质量的10-30%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抵抗PEST的复合陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的粘结剂为酒精和酚醛树脂的混合物,所述酒精的质量为C、Si、B、B4C、MoSi2 总质量的10-20%,所述酚醛树脂的质量为C、Si、B、B4C、MoSi2 总质量的10-20%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抵抗PEST的复合陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中Si粉的质量为C、Si、B、B4C、MoSi2 总质量的10-20%。
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