CN106270581B - A kind of enhancing lubrication and cooling cutter and application thereof, processing method - Google Patents
A kind of enhancing lubrication and cooling cutter and application thereof, processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106270581B CN106270581B CN201610754674.XA CN201610754674A CN106270581B CN 106270581 B CN106270581 B CN 106270581B CN 201610754674 A CN201610754674 A CN 201610754674A CN 106270581 B CN106270581 B CN 106270581B
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/10—Cutting tools with special provision for cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
- B23K26/356—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment by shock processing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
- B23B2200/08—Rake or top surfaces
- B23B2200/081—Rake or top surfaces with projections
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
- B23B2200/12—Side or flank surfaces
- B23B2200/121—Side or flank surfaces with projections
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
- B23B2200/16—Supporting or bottom surfaces
- B23B2200/161—Supporting or bottom surfaces with projections
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
- B23B2200/36—Other features of cutting inserts not covered by B23B2200/04 - B23B2200/32
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of enhancing lubrication and cooling cutter and application thereof, processing methods, refer to the processing of tool surface micro forming, belong to mechanical manufacturing field.It is machined with texture features array on cutting tool surface, the Surface Texture pattern array is equidistantly made of the concave-convex compound pattern array of 3-8 groups；The compound pattern center of bumps is pit, has the array of annular boss around the pit；The annular boss is that the high other side in side is low, is higher than the peak for annular boss close to height at blade.The present invention processes concave-convex compound texture array using laser processing technology, it is formed during the cutting process stable, " capillary " that size is controllable, under wet cutting operating mode, cooling lubricating fluid reaches bond regions and slip region along capillary and is stored in pit, form lubricant film uniformly, stable, cutting force and cutting heat are reduced, cutter life is extended.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of enhancing lubrication and cooling cutters, and in particular to be the processing of tool surface micro forming, belong to
In mechanical manufacturing field.
Background technology
When metal cutting process, chip generates severe friction with rake face, and cutting heat is accumulated near point of a knife, leads to cutter
Local temperature steeply rises, and cooling-lubricant is hardly formed fluid lubrication, reaches near rake face or point of a knife, so as to cause cutting
Sword strength reduction is cut, tipping is caused；Meanwhile in high-ductility metal material cutting process, " viscous knife " forms built-up edge, influences work
Part surface quality and dimensional accuracy.Therefore, tool surface abrasion and adhesion are concerning cutting quality and cutter life.
Merchant in 1958 et al.（The physical chemistry of cutting fluid action）With
Microscope is found that there are the capillaries that diameter is about 0.2mm for knife-bits contact zone, and experiment is provided for the proposition of capillary theory
Foundation；1977, Williams et al.（The Action of Lubricants in Metal Cutting）Propose it is long ×
The cuboid capillary model of width × height=l × m a × a, and think that liquid phase was penetrated into before this after liquid enters capillary, was then
Gas phase, which is penetrated into or formed, exerts gloomy stream；At home, Han Rong et al.（The capillary model of knife-bits contact zone friction, lubrication is studied）It carries
Go out a kind of new capillary model, and carried out dynamic analysis to it, research cooling lubricant enters the mistake of knife-bits contact zone
Journey and mechanism of action, the experimental results showed that, it is " capillary " domain of the existence in the slip region of knife-bits contact, the region knife-bits
Relative motion generates pump-absorb action, to make cooling lubricant be penetrated into along capillary.Above-mentioned " capillary " is formed as
Caused by tool contact face is coarse, in a jumble, width depth cannot control " capillary " of this formation well, cooling and lubricating
Liquid cannot be penetrated into greatest extent near knife-bits bond regions and slip region or blade, form lubricant film.
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention uses laser processing technology, processed in cutter rake face bond regions and slip region
Concave-convex compound texture array is formed stable, " capillary " that size is controllable during the cutting process, under wet cutting operating mode, cooling
Lubricating fluid reaches bond regions and slip region along capillary and is stored in pit, forms lubricant film uniformly, stable, reduces
Cutting force and cutting heat extend cutter life.
Invention content
The present invention is a kind of enhancing lubrication and cooling cutter, and technical problem to be solved is to be cut in conventional wet
Journey, cutting fluid can not form fluid and enter knife-bits contact interface, and leading to knife-, bits contact interface lubrication is insufficient, is easy to viscous knife,
Influence workpiece surface quality and dimensional accuracy.
The technical scheme is that a kind of enhancing lubrication and cooling cutter, texture is machined on cutting tool surface
Pattern array, the Surface Texture pattern array are equidistantly made of the concave-convex compound pattern array of 3-8 groups；The bumps complex
Looks center is pit, has the array of annular boss around the pit；The annular boss is that the high other side in side is low, close
Height is the peak of annular boss at blade.Every group of concave-convex compound pattern array is 300-1000 microns；Every group of bumps are compound
Pattern array is made of the concave-convex compound pattern of 1-4 row；The adjacent concave-convex compound pattern of two row is smaller than or is equal to the two row pattern
The sum of radius, the compound pattern spacing of bumps are concave-convex compound pattern center position；The concave-convex compound pattern of each column is by 6-
The compound pattern equidistantly distributed of 12 bumps is constituted, and the adjacent compound pattern spacing of bumps is 100-200 microns.The pit diameter
It it is 50-300 microns, pit depth is 10-150 microns；The boss maximum height is 10-200 microns, and annular boss width is
10-100 microns.The compound pattern column direction of adjacent bumps is vertical or angled with main cutting edge.
The purposes of cutter of the present invention, which is characterized in that when using wet machining mode, the wet machining mode is
Cast-type or atomizing；The direction of cast or spraying alignment capillary direction, makes more cooling-lubricants penetrate into cutter and cuts
It cuts near sword, and is filled into pit, cooling lubricating fluid is stored, in tool surface（1）Form lubricant uniformly, stable
Film.When the wet cutting way uses atomizing, cooling lubricant particle size≤2 micron after atomization.The wet cutting side
When formula uses cast-type, since the amount of feeding is larger, the compound pattern array of bumps is arranged by 2-4 and closely coupled constitute and improve convex
Platform height expand capillary depth can width, the width for forming it into controllable capillary is 600-1200 microns, and depth is
100-200 microns.
The processing method of cutter of the present invention, which is characterized in that the compound pattern of bumps is obtained by laser machining；Laser
Device is CO2Laser, lamp pumping YAG laser, diode pumped YAG lasers or optical fiber laser, laser parameter are：Power
Density 104-107W/cm2, defocusing amount ± 2mm, pulse width 0.01-500ms, pulse frequency 1-50kHz, pulse number 1-7 times,
Auxiliary gas is nitrogen, argon gas, oxygen, air, and air pressure 0.05-1.00MPa, auxiliary gas air blowing angle is in 0- with workpiece normal direction
90°。
The pit diameter is surrounded the diameter of a circle that figure is crossed to form with tool surface by pit boundary.
The pit depth is distance of the pit pattern bosom to tool surface.
The annular boss height is distance of the annular boss peak to tool surface.
The annular boss width is the average value of annular boss radial thickness.
The channel-shaped capillary has different optimum sizes under different cutting operating modes, can pass through tool surface texture
Array pattern arranges and size realizes control.
The cutter during the cutting process, forms chip, chip by the boss in concave-convex compound pattern array, and with it is convex
Platform eminence contacts, and plastic deformation occurs, actively forms the controllable capillary of very low power shape in chip bottom, is constituted with tool surface
Cavity combine and form vacuum state, generate pumping power, cooling-lubricant connect along above-mentioned capillary suction cutter with chip
It touches interface and is stored in pit.
The capillary is not adhered with lower boss, is formed gap, is not hindered capillary guide functions, coolant liquid is along hair
Tubule can smoothly enter into cutter and chip contact interface and is stored in pit to greatest extent, play the role of cooling and lubricating, reduction is cut
Power and cutting heat are cut, workpiece quality is improved, extends cutter life.
The pit has the function of the cooling cutting fluid of storage or cutting particles；Capillary and cutter table are formed on chip bottom
It is continual along capillary arrival main cutting edge that face generation pumping power makes to be stored in cutting fluid or cutting fluid particle in pit
Neighbouring or sliding area and bond regions form stable, uniform lubricant film.
For the cutter when cutting soft material, chip bottom can duplicate texture array sizes completely, form best hair
Tubule, to realize the controllable of capillary size；When cutting hard material, chip is not susceptible to plasticity shape by texture array
Become, texture array arrangement need to be changed and size makes chip bottom form best capillary.
The texture cutter forms chip in cutting workpiece, forms capillary in chip bottom, changes concave-convex complex
The arrangement of looks array and the micro-bulge height in pattern array and width, make chip bottom actively form controllable water conservancy diversion capillary
Pipe, cutting fluid enter knife-bits contact surface by the pump-absorb action between knife-bits, along water conservancy diversion capillary；With conventional wet cutting process
It compares, cooling lubricant can smoothly reach near knife-bits bond regions and sliding area or blade to greatest extent, be stored in tool surface
In texture array, lubricant film uniformly, stable is formed, reduces cutting force and cutting heat, extends cutter life.
The present invention is directed to wet cutting operating mode, using the method for laser processing, is knitted in the concave-convex compound pattern of tool surface setting
Structure array, changing height, width and the pit diameter of boss in the arrangement of array number and pattern actively makes chip bottom capillary
Pipe depth and width it is controllable；Compared with conventional wet cutting process, cooling lubricant can reach bond regions and slip region or cutting edge
It nearby and can be stored in the pit of texture features array, form lubricant film uniformly, stable, reduce cutting force and cutting
Heat extends cutter life.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：1, by cutter work Surface Texture processing, being formed, concave-convex surface is compound to be knitted
Structure array, the controllable capillary of very low power shape are by changing annular boss height in concave-convex compound pattern and width and bumps
Compound pattern array arrangement is actively formed, and realizes the controllable of capillary width and depth；2, the bumps designed by the present invention are compound
Pattern, in cutting, the chip of formation, which contacts with eminence annular boss and plastic deformation occurs, forms capillary, with lower ring-type
Boss is not adhered, and gap is formed, to not hindering capillary guide functions, can cutting fluid reaches to lead to greatest extent and cuts
Neighbouring sword or sliding area and bond regions are cut, stable, uniform lubricant film is formed, reduces cutting force and cutting heat；3, concave-convex multiple
It is once-forming by pulse laser and auxiliary gas air blowing to close pattern, takes into account unsticking effect, compared with prior art, simplifies work
Skill flow improves cutter frictional behavior, promotes cutting performance.4, the present invention is suitable for different cutter materials：Such as high-speed steel, hard
Alloy, sintex and coated cutting tool.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the concave-convex compound pattern array schematic diagram of tool surface.
Fig. 2 is concave-convex compound pattern cross-sectional view.
Fig. 3 is the operation principle schematic diagram that the present invention actively forms capillary.
In figure：1, tool surface；2, concave-convex compound pattern；3, cutting edge；4, the adjacent pattern of the concave-convex compound pattern of each column
Spacing；5, every group of pattern array pitch；6, cavity width；7, pit；8, cavity depth；9, boss maximum height；10, it is cyclic annular convex
Platform；11, projection width；12, chip；13, workpiece；14, capillary；15, cutter.
Specific implementation mode
Face combines Figure of description, the specific implementation mode that the present invention will be described in detail.
The present embodiment selects optical fiber laser, and cutter is external turning tool with carbide insert.Specifically：Metal cutting tool
With similar operation principle, therefore the present invention is suitable for all kinds of metal cutting tool types, that is, is not limited to billmpse tool.
Implementation column one
In the present embodiment, tool selection high-speed steel tool, cutting material is aluminium alloy, and cutting way is atomizing.
Present embodiment first choice diode pumped YAG lasers, by swashing to sintered carbide tool material working face
Light working process；Due to cutting soft aluminum alloy materials, texture array sizes can duplicate chip bottom, form best hair completely
Tubule.The implementation of the technology of the present invention feature includes the following steps.
Step A, tool surface pretreatment；Cutter working face is processed by shot blasting, so that its surface is surveyed roughness Ra and is less than
0.3 micron.
Step B determines the working surface region of metal cutting tool.In the present embodiment, cutter working surface region is knife
Have surface and chip contact area, at blade 300um.
Step C carries out texture features to metal cutting tool working surface and processes to form texture features array；Laser parameter
For：Power density 105w/cm2, defocusing amount 1mm, pulse width 1.2ms, pulse frequency 1.5kHz is repeated 3 times, and light spot energy is
Gaussian Profile, auxiliary gas are nitrogen, and air pressure 0.7MPa, auxiliary gas air blowing angle is in 60 ° with workpiece normal direction, blowing direction
It is directed toward blade direction.
It removes slag and observes Surface Texture pattern array using VYKO pattern instrument after ultrasonic cleaning；The surface
Texture array is equidistantly made of 8 groups of concave-convex compound pattern arrays, every group of concave-convex compound 600 microns of pattern array pitch.
Described every group concave-convex compound pattern array is equidistantly made of the concave-convex compound pattern of 1 row, 70 microns of column pitch；Each column
It is made of the compound pattern equidistantly distributed of 10 bumps, column direction is vertical with main cutting edge, between the adjacent compound pattern of bumps of each column
Away from being 150 microns.
The compound pattern of bumps is characterized in that pattern center is pit, has annular boss around pit, apart from blade
Close boss height is higher than other parts boss.
The pit diameter is 70 microns, and pit depth is 80 microns；The annular boss height is 30 microns.
Above-mentioned all appearance and size control errors are in 5 micron ranges.
Step D, in machining, using the wet cutting of atomizing；Atomization process is carried out to cutting fluid before processing, atomization
The lubricating fluid particle size of postcooling is about 1 micron, flow 5L/min, pressure 0.4MPa, nozzle diameter 1mm, cooling
Distance is 20mm, the direction of the direction alignment capillary of spraying.
Implementation column two
In the present embodiment, tool selection hard alloy cutter, cutting material is titanium alloy, and cutting way is cast-type.
Present embodiment first choice diode pumped YAG lasers, by swashing to sintered carbide tool material working face
Light working process is needed since the cast-type cutting way amount of feeding is bigger in chip bottom master using cast-type cutting way
It is dynamic to form wider deeper capillary；Due to cutting hard titanium alloy material, texture array sizes cannot duplicate chip completely
Best capillary is formed on bottom.The implementation of the technology of the present invention feature includes the following steps.
The implementation of the technology of the present invention feature includes the following steps.
Step A, tool surface pretreatment；Cutter working face is processed by shot blasting, so that its surface is surveyed roughness Ra and is less than
0.3 micron.
Step B determines the working surface region of metal cutting tool.In the present embodiment, cutter working surface region is knife
Have surface and chip contact area, at main cutting edge 400um.
Step C carries out texture features to metal cutting tool bond regions and slip region and processes to form texture features array；Swash
Optical parameter is：Power density 105w/cm2, defocusing amount 1mm, pulse width 1.0ms, pulse frequency 2.0kHz is repeated 5 times, hot spot
Energy is Gaussian Profile, and auxiliary gas is nitrogen, and air pressure 1.0MPa, auxiliary gas air blowing angle is in 60 ° with workpiece normal direction, is blown
It is directed toward blade direction in gas direction.
It removes slag and observes Surface Texture pattern array using VYKO pattern instrument after ultrasonic cleaning；The surface
Texture array is equidistantly made of 6 groups of concave-convex compound pattern arrays, every group of concave-convex compound 800 microns of pattern array pitch.
Described every group concave-convex compound pattern array is constituted by the concave-convex compound pattern of 3 row is closely coupled；Each column is by 10 bumps
Compound pattern equidistantly distributed is constituted, and column direction is vertical with main cutting edge, and the compound pattern spacing of the adjacent bumps of each column is 100 micro-
Rice.
The compound pattern of bumps is characterized in that pattern center is pit, has annular boss around pit, apart from blade
Close boss height is higher than other parts boss.
The pit diameter is 100 microns, and pit depth is 90 microns；The annular boss height is 60 microns.
Above-mentioned all appearance and size control errors are in 5 micron ranges.
Step D, in machining, using the wet cutting of cast-type；The direction of the direction alignment capillary of cast.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of enhancing lubrication and cooling cutter, which is characterized in that on cutting tool surface（1）It is machined with texture features battle array
Row, the texture features array is by the concave-convex compound pattern of 3-8 groups（2）Array equidistantly forms；The compound pattern of bumps（2）In
The heart is pit（7）, surround the pit（7）With annular boss（10）Array；The annular boss（10）It is high another for side
Side is low, is annular boss close to height at blade（10）Peak.
2. cutter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that every group of concave-convex compound pattern（2）Array is that 300-1000 is micro-
Rice；Every group of concave-convex compound pattern（2）Array is by the concave-convex compound pattern of 1-4 row（2）It constitutes；The adjacent concave-convex compound pattern spacing of two row
Less than or equal to the sum of the two row pattern radius, the compound pattern of bumps（2）Spacing is concave-convex compound pattern（2）Center
Distance；The concave-convex compound pattern of each column（2）By 6-12 concave-convex compound pattern（2）Equidistantly distributed is constituted, adjacent bumps complex
Looks（2）Spacing is 100-200 microns.
3. cutter according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the width of the pit（6）It is 50-300 microns, it is recessed
The depth in hole（8）It is 10-150 microns；The height of the peak of the annular boss is 10-200 microns, annular boss width
（11）It is 10-100 microns.
4. cutter according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the adjacent compound pattern of bumps（2）Column direction with cut
Cut sword（3）Vertically.
5. according to the purposes of the cutter of claim 1,2,3 or 4, which is characterized in that described when using wet machining mode
Wet machining mode is cast-type or atomizing；The direction of cast or spraying is directed at capillary（14）Direction makes more cold
But lubricating fluid penetrates into cutting edge（3）Near, and it is filled into pit（7）In, cooling lubricating fluid is stored, in tool surface（1）
Form lubricant film uniformly, stable.
6. purposes according to claim 5, which is characterized in that when the wet machining mode uses atomizing, atomization
Cooling lubricant particle size≤2 micron afterwards.
7. purposes according to claim 5, which is characterized in that when the wet machining mode uses cast-type, due to
The amount of feeding is larger, the compound pattern of bumps（2）Array by 2-4 arrange it is closely coupled constitute and improve annular boss height expand hair
Tubule（14）Depth and width, form it into controllable capillary（14）Width be 600-1200 microns, depth 100-200
Micron.
8. implementing the processing method of the cutter of claim 1,2,3 or 4, which is characterized in that the compound pattern of bumps（2）It is logical
Laser processing is crossed to obtain；Laser is CO2Laser, lamp pumping YAG laser, diode pumped YAG lasers or optical fiber swash
Light device, laser parameter are：Power density 104-107W/cm2, defocusing amount ± 2mm, pulse width 0.01-500ms, pulse frequency 1-
50kHz, pulse number 1-7 times, auxiliary gas are nitrogen, argon gas, oxygen, air, and air pressure 0.05-1.00MPa assists gas to blow
Air horn degree is in 0-90 ° with workpiece normal direction.
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| CN201610754674.XA CN106270581B (en) | 2016-08-30 | 2016-08-30 | A kind of enhancing lubrication and cooling cutter and application thereof, processing method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE102017117413B4 (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2019-11-28 | Precitec Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for optical measurement of the welding depth |
| CN107626936A (en) * | 2017-09-23 | 2018-01-26 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A kind of new anti-attrition turning insert of high temperature alloy |
| CN107891160B (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2019-12-10 | 青岛科技大学 | Liquid lubrication method acting on cutter-chip interface and cutting lubrication system |
| CN107891159B (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2019-12-10 | 青岛科技大学 | Gas lubrication method acting on cutter-chip interface and cutting lubrication system |
| CN108188421B (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2019-12-10 | 青岛科技大学 | Cutting lubrication method directly acting on cutter-chip interface and cutting tool |
| CN108274125B (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2024-06-07 | 江苏大学 | Shaft hole tight-fit surface and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN108856753B (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2023-12-22 | 华南理工大学 | Micro-texture cutter based on silicon brass tissue structure and processing method and application thereof |
| CN109482721B (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2021-05-04 | 武汉理工大学 | Negative angle punch for preventing influence of punching accumulated chip |
| CN110744201A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2020-02-04 | 广东工业大学 | Preparation method of micro-texture cutter and micro-texture cutter |
| CN111037091B (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2022-04-29 | 湖北工业大学 | Method for preparing ceramic cutter with gradient wettability of hydrophobic cutting fluid by nanosecond laser |
| CN113579481A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-02 | 江苏大学 | Composite wetting cutter and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE4239236C2 (en) * | 1992-11-21 | 1997-06-26 | Widia Gmbh | Cutting insert |
| CN102962656B (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2015-04-22 | 江苏大学 | Compound model processing method and device for cutter |
| CN103084594B (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2015-10-14 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of cutting tool structure based on rolling anti-attrition principle |
| CN103111819B (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2015-06-10 | 江苏大学 | Preparation method of cutter surface antisticking antifriction micro mosaic composite texture |
| CN104014828A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-03 | 山东大学 | WS2/Zr soft coating micro-nano composite texture ceramic cutting tool and preparing method thereof |
| CN105149894B (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2017-09-29 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of preparation method of micro- texture carbide chip |
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