Preparation method of micro-texture cutter and micro-texture cutter
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cutter processing, in particular to a preparation method of a micro-texture cutter and the micro-texture cutter.
Background
In recent years, the tribology research field has proposed a concept of surface texture, also called surface microtexture, which has proved to be an effective means for improving the tribology performance of surfaces. The surface texture technology is a method for improving the surface characteristics of a material by changing the physical structure of the surface of the material, and the surface texture is a lattice of patterns such as pits/dents or convex hulls with certain size and arrangement. The micro texture is carved on the tool face of the tool, the mechanical property of the tool is not influenced, the micro texture can store lubricating oil and abrasive dust, the friction coefficient of the front tool face is reduced, the cutting force is reduced by 10-30%, and the wear resistance of the tool and the processing efficiency of products are obviously improved. However, only the micro-texture cutter does not meet the processing requirement, and the micro-texture coating cutter is produced at the same time.
Research shows that the depth of the micro texture is an important factor influencing the performance of the micro texture coating cutter, and the bonding force of the coating can be improved when the micro texture is a micro-nano (shallow) texture, but the influence on the frictional wear performance is small; when the depth of the microtexture is deep, the binding force of the coating cannot be guaranteed, but the friction and wear performance can store lubricant and abrasive dust due to the microtexture, a layer of lubricating film can be formed on the cutter face and the machined surface when the cutter is machined, and the friction and wear performance and the machining quality of the cutter are improved. At present, the difficulty still remains that the microtextured coating cutter simultaneously has good coating binding force and good frictional wear performance.
A gradient structure is a structure that gradually transitions from one component, organization or phase (or constituent element) to another component, organization or phase (or constituent element). The structure not only can effectively avoid performance mutation caused by size mutation, but also can enable the materials to have structures with different characteristic sizes to be mutually coordinated, so that the performances of the structures with different sizes are integrally integrated and optimized, an important development direction is provided for realizing that the microtextured coating cutter has good coating binding force and frictional wear performance comprehensiveness, and the pattern is broken through for changing that the microtextured coating cutter only has single excellent performance.
The micro-lubrication technology (MQL) is a new lubrication method for metal working, and refers to a cutting method in which a compressed gas (air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc.) and a very small amount of lubricating oil are mixed and vaporized to form nano-sized droplets, and the nano-sized droplets are sprayed to a working area for effective lubrication. The lubricating mode overcomes the defect of the traditional casting type lubricating, saves energy, protects environment and greatly prolongs the cutting life of the cutter.
Microtexturing is thought to be used in conjunction with coated tools due to its wear reducing, lubricant, abrasive dust, etc. storage. When the cutter is used for cutting, the freshly machined surface of the workpiece is contacted with the surface of the rear cutter, and the rear cutter surface is abraded after mutual friction. Although having a relief angle, the cutting edge is not an ideal sharp edge but has a certain blunt round, with elastic and plastic deformation; thus, the flank faces are in fact in small-area contact with the workpiece, and wear occurs on this contact surface. And during actual machining, fine chips accumulate on the tool surface, causing wear of tool abrasive grains.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of abrasive wear and low cutting life of the cutter in the prior art, and provides a preparation method of a micro-texture cutter and the micro-texture cutter.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a preparation method of a micro-texture cutter comprises the following steps:
s1: cleaning a cutter to be processed, taking out the cutter to be processed, drying the cutter, and processing the cutter to be processed by using a femtosecond laser;
s2: adjusting an auxiliary positioning light source of a femtosecond laser, positioning a position to be processed of a tool to be processed, and processing a micro-texture array structure on the tool to be processed by adjusting the position of the tool to be processed in the processing process of the tool to be processed;
s3: and (3) putting the processed micro-texture cutter into a hard film coating machine, and depositing a coating on the surface of the substrate to prepare the micro-texture cutter with the coating.
In this application scheme, adopt femto second laser instrument to blow dry after wasing and treat the processing cutter and process, through adjusting the processing position of femto second laser instrument on treating the processing cutter, realize the processing of microtexture array structure on the cutter, combine to carry out the operation of base body surface deposition coating on the cutter, the while cooperates the lubrication, finally realizes the preparation of microtexture cutter.
In one embodiment, in step S1, the tool to be processed is placed in an acetone and alcohol solution for ultrasonic cleaning.
In one embodiment, in step S2, the microtexture array structure is 400um to 600um away from the main cutting edge and 0.5mm to 1.2mm away from the cutting edge.
Preferably, the microtextured array structure is a linear groove, the direction of the linear groove is perpendicular to the cutting edge.
The invention provides a micro-texture cutter, wherein a micro-texture unit is arranged on the cutter, the micro-texture unit is provided with linear bulges which are sequentially arranged, linear grooves are arranged between the linear bulges, the depth of the linear grooves is gradually increased, and the micro-texture unit is arranged on the cutter to form a micro-texture structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
the method comprises the steps of adjusting appropriate laser processing parameters by using a femtosecond laser processing technology, controlling a processing area of a micro-texture, preparing a micro-texture array structure on a cutter, and combining a micro-texture and a coating mechanism to realize the preparation of a micro-texture coating cutter on a cutter edge. And the cutting service life and the cutting effect of the micro-texture coating cutter are improved by combining with micro-lubrication.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional structure diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reagent used in the example of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the overall structure in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing changes in the amount of flank wear with cutting time.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The positional relationships depicted in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but it is not intended to indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific circumstances.
Example 1:
the invention provides a preparation method of a micro-texture cutter, which comprises the following steps:
s1: cleaning a cutter to be processed, taking out the cutter to be processed, drying the cutter, and processing the cutter to be processed by using a femtosecond laser;
s2: adjusting an auxiliary positioning light source of a femtosecond laser, positioning a position to be processed of a tool to be processed, and processing a micro-texture array structure on the tool to be processed by adjusting the position of the tool to be processed in the processing process of the tool to be processed;
s3: and (3) putting the processed micro-texture cutter into a hard film coating machine, and depositing a coating on the surface of the substrate to prepare the micro-texture cutter with the coating.
When the cutter is actually used, compressed gas and a trace amount of lubricant are mixed and gasified to form micron-sized liquid drops, and then the micron-sized liquid drops are sprayed to a processing area for lubrication.
In step S1, the tool to be processed is placed in an acetone and alcohol solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 20 minutes, then taken out for drying, and processed with a femtosecond laser.
In the processing process, a tool to be processed can be fixed on a position control system of a numerical control machine tool, and the shape and the style of the micro-texture array structure can be designed by using CAD drawing software carried by the machine.
In this embodiment, the distance from the microtexture array structure to the main cutting edge is 400 um-600 um, and the distance from the cutting edge is 0.5 mm-1.2 mm.
A coating is deposited on the surface of a substrate by using a hard film coating machine, and then, the coating is mixed and gasified by using compressed gas and a trace amount of lubricant to form micron-sized liquid drops which are combined with a processed micro-texture structure, wherein the micro-texture structure has the function of storing lubricating oil, and most of abrasive dust exists in the micro-texture to play a role in protecting the coating. The microtextured structure on the cutter mainly plays roles in storing abrasive dust and cooling and lubricating.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a micro-texture tool is provided with micro-texture units, the micro-texture units are provided with linear protrusions arranged in sequence, linear grooves 10 are arranged between the linear protrusions, the depth of the linear grooves 10 is gradually increased, and the micro-texture units are arranged on the tool to form a micro-texture structure.
The microtexture array structure is designed into an array type linear groove 10, the direction of the linear groove 10 is perpendicular to the cutting edge, the depth of the linear groove 10 of the microtexture array structure is gradually increased to a certain value and then is recycled, the groove width of the linear groove 10 is unchanged, the groove depth is increased in a gradient manner, the depth gradient array is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 20 and 30um to form an array type arrangement, or other depth gradient arrays such as 1.5, 4, 6.5, 8, 11.5, 15, 23 and 29um can be formed, and the depth gradient can be adaptively adjusted according to the use requirement of the cutter.
In this embodiment, a specific example of the preparation of the microtextured cutting tool is provided:
cleaning a cutter to be processed, taking out the cutter to be processed, drying the cutter to be processed, clamping the cutter by using a clamp with a horizontal base, putting the cutter under femtosecond laser equipment, adjusting the pulse energy of laser to be 20uj, the frequency to be 100Khz and the scanning speed to be 50mm/s, processing different gradient depths on the surface of the cutter to be processed, wherein the gradient depth array can be 1.5, 4, 6.5, 8, 11.5, 15, 23 and 29um, adjusting the laser focus of an auxiliary light source to be aligned with the surface of the hard alloy, realizing the preparation of micro-nano micro-texture on the surface of the cutter to be processed, then putting the cutter into a hard film coating machine, preparing a mature coating, and performing lubricating operation.
In this embodiment, the micro-texture structure of the linear groove 10 is simple in processing technology, the linear grooves 10 with different depths can be processed by adjusting the processing times, the micro-texture structure of the linear groove 10 is distributed on the main and auxiliary rear tool surfaces of the tool, and the micro-texture plays roles in storing lubricating oil and abrasive dust and guiding the lubricating oil to the cutting edge and the cutting edge of the tool.
The micro-texture structure is processed on the rear cutter face of the cutter, in the using process of the cutter, the micro-lubricating nozzle 20 and the rear cutter face form an angle of 60-90 degrees, the distance between the nozzle 20 and the rear cutter face is 2-5 cm, the micro-texture structure plays a role in changing the lubricating oil permeation direction, lubricating oil at the cutting edge of the cutter and at the cutting edge is distributed more densely, and the service life of the cutter is greatly prolonged.
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, the coated tool with microtextured structure has a much larger wear than the coated tool without microtexture treatment in fig. 3 under the same use conditions, and fig. 5 also shows the wear level visually.
Example 2:
the embodiment is similar to embodiment 1, except that in this embodiment, a tool to be machined is clamped by a clamp with a horizontal base, cutting edges are vertically aligned, the tool is placed under femtosecond laser equipment, the distance between the tool rear face of the tool to be machined and a main cutting edge is 400-600 um, the distance between the tool rear face and the cutting edge is 0.5-1.2 mm, a gradient depth array parallel to the cutting edge of a turning tool is a linear groove 10 array structure with 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 20 and 30um, the overall length of the linear groove 10 is 2-6 mm, and the width ratio of the linear groove to the turning tool width is slightly smaller; and adjusting the auxiliary light source to make the focus of the laser always align to the surface of the cutter at the cutting edge. The micro-nano micro-texture is prepared on the cutting edge of the hard alloy cutter. And then putting the film into a hard film coating machine to prepare a mature coating. And finally, carrying out a numerical control turning experiment and matching with micro-lubrication for processing.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.